Medium Momentum

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1.3 Momentum
Question Paper
Course Edexcel IGCSE Physics

Section 1. Forces & Motion
Topic 1.3 Momentum
Difficulty Medium
Time allowed: 60
Score: /43
Percentage: /100
Page 1 of 11
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Question 1a
The photograph shows a hammer just before it hits a nail.
The mass of the hammer is 0.50 kg.

When it hits the nail, the hammer is travelling downwards with a velocity of 3.1 m/s.
(i)
State the relationship between momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)
(ii)
Calculate the momentum of the hammer.
(2)
momentum = .............................................................. kg m/s

(iii)
The hammer stops quickly when it hits the nail.
The momentum of the hammer reduces to zero in 0.070 s.
Calculate the amount of force that causes this to happen.

(2)
force = ........................................ N
[5 marks]
Page 2 of 11
Question 1b
As it enters the wood, the nail exerts a force on the wood. At the same time, the wood exerts a force on the nail.
Explain how these two forces are related.
[2 marks]
Question 1c
Both ends of the nail exert pressure when the nail goes into the wood.
Explain why the nail exerts more pressure on the wood than it does on the hammer.
[2 marks]
Page 3 of 11
Question 2a
An ice skater throws a 0.23 kg snowball with a velocity of 13 m/s.
(i)
State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)
(ii)
Calculate the initial momentum of the snowball.
(2)
initial momentum = .......................... kg m/s

[3 marks]
Question 2b
When the skater throws the snowball forwards, she slides backwards on the ice.
Explain why she moves in this direction.
[3 marks]
Page 4 of 11
Question 2c
The skater wears soft knee pads that compress easily.
Explain how the pads protect her knees when she falls on the ice.
[3 marks]
Question 3a
Some cars have a pedestrian airbag for safety. If a pedestrian is hit and lands on the front of the car, the airbag inflates.
Use ideas about momentum to explain how this airbag can reduce injuries to pedestrians.
[4 marks]
Page 5 of 11
Question 3b
In a crash test, a car runs into a wall and stops.
The momentum of the car before the crash is 22 500 kg m/s.

The car stops in 0.14 s.
(i)
Calculate the average force on the car during the crash.
(2)
average force = .......................... N

(ii)
Use ideas about momentum to explain how seat belts can reduce injuries to passengers during a crash.
(3)
[5 marks]
Page 6 of 11
Question 4a
Cars have a number of features that make them safer in a collision.
Apart from seat belts, name two safety features that reduce the risk of serious injury in a car crash.
[2 marks]
Question 4b
Photograph A shows a person wearing a seat belt.
(i)
Using ideas of momentum and force, explain how a seat belt reduces the risk of serious injury in a car crash.
(4)
(ii)
Photograph B shows a full-body harness used in a racing car.
Suggest why a full-body harness is used in a racing car, instead of an ordinary seatbelt.
(1)
[5 marks]
Page 7 of 11
Question 4c
Photograph C shows a crash-test dummy in a car. The car has crashed into a concrete wall.
State what happens to the momentum of the car during the crash.
[1 mark]
Page 8 of 11
Question 5a
A student is playing a game with some empty tins.
He throws a wet cloth of mass 0.15 kg at the tins. The wet cloth moves at a velocity of 6.0 m/s.
(i)
State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.
(1)
(ii)
Calculate the momentum of the wet cloth and give the unit.
(3)
Momentum = ................................ unit ...................

(iii)
The wet cloth sticks to tin 1.
The mass of tin 1 is 0.050 kg. The cloth and tin 1 move away together.
Page 9 of 11
Calculate the velocity of the cloth and tin 1.

(2)
Velocity = .......................... m/s

[6 marks]
Page 10 of 11
Question 5b
The student throws a bigger wet cloth at the remaining tins. This wet cloth sticks to tins 2 and 3 and they move away together.
The student concludes
Do you agree with this conclusion? Explain why.

[2 marks]
Page 11 of 11

Medium Momentum

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Course Edexcel IGCSE Physics

The mass of the hammer is 0.50 kg.

momentum = .............................................................. kg m/s

The momentum of the hammer reduces to zero in 0.070 s.

Calculate the amount of force that causes this to happen.

initial momentum = .......................... kg m/s

The momentum of the car before the crash is 22 500 kg m/s.

average force = .......................... N

Momentum = ................................ unit ...................

Calculate the velocity of the cloth and tin 1.

Velocity = .......................... m/s

The student concludes

Do you agree with this conclusion? Explain why.

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