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4.7 Bulk Properties of Solids

Question Paper
Course AQA AS Physics

Section 4. Mechanics & Materials
Topic 4.7 Bulk Properties of Solids
Difficulty Medium
Time allowed: 70
Score: /58
Percentage: /100
Page 1 of 10
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Question 1a
A manufacturer of springs tests the properties of a spring by measuring the load applied each time the extension is
increased. The graph of load against extension in Figure 1.
Figure 1
Calculate the spring constant of the spring.

[2 marks]
Question 1b
Show that the work done in extending the spring up to point B is around 1.1 J.
[4 marks]
Page 2 of 10
Question 1c
When the spring reaches an extension of 0.046 m, the load on it is gradually reduced to zero.
On the graph in Figure 1, sketch how the extension of the spring will vary with load as the load is reduced to zero. Explain why
the graph has this shape.
[3 marks]
Question 1d
Without further calculation, compare the total work done by the spring when the load is removed with the work that was
done by the load in producing the extension of 0.046 m. Explain how this is represented on the graph drawn in part (c).
[3 marks]
Page 3 of 10
Question 2a
Figure 1 shows the variation of tensile stress with tensile strain for two wires X and Y, which have the same dimensions, but
are made of different materials. The materials fracture at the points Fx and FY respectively.
Figure 1
State, with a reason, two properties of wire X.

[4 marks]
Question 2b
State, with a reason, two properties of wire Y.
[4 marks]
Page 4 of 10
Question 2c
Wire X originally has a length of 1.35 m. A force of 200 N is used to extend wire X to 1.51 m.
Calculate the energy stored in wire X if it extends a further 30 mm.
[3 marks]
Question 2d
State and explain which wire would be more suitable for use as cables and structural beams.
[2 marks]
Page 5 of 10
Question 3a
A type of exercise device is used to provide resistive forces when a person applies compressive forces to its handles. The
stiff spring inside the device compresses as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1
The force exerted by the spring over a range of compressions was measured. The results are plotted on the graph shown in
Figure 2.
Figure 2
State, with a reason, whether the spring obeys Hooke’s law over the range of values tested.
[2 marks]
Question 3b
Use the graph in Figure 2 to calculate the spring constant, stating an appropriate unit.
Page 6 of 10
[3 marks]
Question 3c
Derive the formula for the energy stored by the spring using a graph of force against extension.
[4 marks]
Question 3d
State and explain whether the material chosen for the spring for the device in Figure 1 should exhibit elastic or plastic
behaviour.
[2 marks]
Page 7 of 10
Question 4a
Nichrome is a common alloy used to make coins and heating elements in electrical appliances. It consists of 80 % by
volume of nickel and 20 % by volume of chromium.
Determine the mass of nickel and the mass of chromium required to make a wire of nichrome of volume 0.50 × 10-3 m3.
Density of nickel = 8.9 × 103 kg m–3
Density of chromium = 7.1 × 103 kg m–3
[2 marks]
Question 4b
Calculate the density of nichrome.
[2 marks]
Question 4c
The radius of the nichrome wire is 5.7 mm. The wire breaks when a force of 72 kN is applied to the wire.
Calculate the breaking stress of nichrome, stating an appropriate unit.
[4 marks]
Page 8 of 10
Question 4d
Hence, or otherwise, explain why nichrome is a suitable material for making coins.
[2 marks]
Question 5a
Figure 1 shows a bungee jumper about to step off a raised platform. The jumper comes to a halt for the first time when their
centre of mass has fallen through a distance of 25 m. The bungee rope has an unextended length of 18 m and a stiffness of
410 N m–1.
Ignore the effects of air resistance and the mass of the rope in this question. Treat the jumper as a point mass located at the
centre of mass.
Figure 1
Using the extension of the bungee rope, calculate the resultant force acting on the jumper when they reach the lowest point
in the jump.
[3 marks]
Question 5b
The extension of the rope is 1.6 m when the acceleration of the jumper is zero.
Calculate the mass of the bungee jumper.
Page 9 of 10
[2 marks]
Question 5c
The extension of the bungee rope is 2.4 m when the jumper’s centre of mass has fallen through a distance of 16 m.
Use the principle of conservation of energy to calculate the speed of the jumper in this position.
[4 marks]
Question 5d
The bungee jump operator intends to use a bungee rope of the same unextended length but with much less stiffness. The
rope is to be attached in the same way as before.
Explain, with reference to the kinetic energy of the jumper, how the force on the jumper will be affected by this change as they
are slowed down by the new rope.
[3 marks]
Page 10 of 10

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4.7 Bulk Properties of Solids

Course AQA AS Physics

Calculate the spring constant of the spring.

State, with a reason, two properties of wire X.

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