Momentum The mass of the hammer head is 0.15 kg.

The speed of the hammer head when it hits the nail

1 Fig 2.1 shows a dummy of mass 70 kg used in a crash test to is 8.0 m/s.
investigate the safety of a new car. The time for which the hammer head is in contact
with the nail is 0.0015 s.
The hammer head stops after hitting the nail.
(a) Calculate the change in momentum of the
hammer head.

change in momentum = ..............................[2]

(b) State the impulse given to the nail.

Fig. 2.1
The car approaches a solid barrier at 20m/s. It crashes into the barrier
and stops suddenly.
(a) (i) Calculate the momentum of the dummy immediately before the
crash. impulse = .........................................[1]
(c) Calculate the average force between the hammer
and the nail.
momentum = ...................... [2]

(ii) Determine the impulse that must be applied to the dummy to bring average force = .....................................[2]
it to rest.
[Total: 5]
3. A trolley A of mass 3.0 kg is allowed to roll down a ramp and
collide with a stationary trolley B of mass 2.0 kg, as shown in the
impulse = ............................................. [1]
diagram.
(a) Just before the collision, trolley A has a speed of 5.0 m/s.
(b) In the crash test, the passenger compartment comes to rest in 0.20
s.
Calculate the deceleration of the passenger compartment.

deceleration = ................................................. [2]

(i) Calculate the momentum of trolley A just before it collides with
The seat belt and air bag bring the dummy to rest so that it does not hit trolley B.
the windscreen.
The dummy has an average deceleration of 80m/ s2. .......................................................................................................
(c) Calculate the average resultant force applied to the dummy, of mass
70 kg. ................................................................................................. (2)
(ii) What is the momentum of trolley B just before the collision?

force = ................................................................. [2]
(d) The deceleration of the dummy is less than the deceleration of the
passenger compartment.
Explain why this is of benefit for the safety of a passenger.
.................................................................................................. [2]
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a hammer being used to drive a nail
into a piece of wood.
...................................................................................................(1)
(b) When the trolleys collide they stick together and move
forward together.
(i) What is the momentum of the combined trolleys just after the
collision?
.......................................................................................................
...................................................................................................(1)
(ii) Calculate the velocity of the combined trolleys just after the
collision.

.......................................................................................................

...................................................................................................(2)

4. A bowling ball rolls for 3 s and hits a pin.

Fig. 2.1
The graph shows how the velocity of the ball changes with time.

(a) He throws a wet cloth of mass 0.15 kg at the tins.

The wet cloth moves at a velocity of 6.0 m/s.
(i) State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.(1)

(ii) Calculate the momentum of the wet cloth and give the unit.(3)

Momentum = .......................................... unit.......................

(iii) The wet cloth sticks to tin 1.

(a) How can the graph be used to find the distance that the ball
rolls before it hits the pin? (1)

......................................................................................................

(b) The mass of the ball is 6.4 kg.

(i) State the equation linking momentum, mass and velocity.

(1)
(ii) Calculate the momentum of the ball before it hits the pin.
Give the unit.(3) The mass of tin 1 is 0.050 kg.
The cloth and tin 1 move away together.
Calculate their velocity.(2)
Momentum = ....................... Unit ...........................

(c) (i) What is the velocity of the ball after it hits the pin?(1)

Velocity = ..................................... m/s

Velocity = .................................................. m/s (b) The student throws a bigger wet cloth at the remaining tins.
This wet cloth sticks to tins 2 and 3 and they move away together.
(ii) After the collision, the ball and the pin have the same velocity.
Calculate the mass of the pin. (3)

Mass = .................................................. kg

5. A student is playing a game with some empty tins.

The student concludes

Do you agree with this conclusion?
Explain why.(2)

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