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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

A “junk food” is food that contain high level fats, salt or sugar, and lacks
nutrients such as fiber, vitamin and minerals. And junk food is also known fast food. fast
food has many calories and is a major cause of obesity. Junk food has become extremely
popular throughout the world, and along with its popularity, it has caused a lot of harm. It
has zero nutritional value, but people get attracted to it.

There are various types of junk food in world; like burger, pizza, chinese, samosa fries,
cold drink, etc.

Definition:

In medical terms, junk food may be defined as any of the od and Fast Food, junk food
is defined as "those commercial products, including candy, bakery goods, ice cream, salty
snakes and soft drinks which have little or no prepackaged snack food high calories content
but low in nutritional value. Junk Nutritional value but do have plenty of calories, salt, and
fats. While not all fast foods are junk foods, many of them are. Fast foods are ready-to-eat
foods served promptly after ordering. Some fast foods are high in calories and low in

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nutritional value, while other fast foods, such as salads, may be low in calories and high in
nutritional value. Fast food and fast food restaurant are often equated with junk food,
although fast foods cannot be categorically described as junk food. Most junk food is ultra-
processed food.

Junk food provides empty calories, supplying little or none of the protein, vitamins, or
minerals required for a nutritious diet. Some foods, such as hamburgers, and tacos, can be
considered either healthy or junk food, depending on their ingredients and preparation
methods. The more highly processed items usually fall under the junk food
category, including breakfast cereals that are mostly sugar or high fructose corn syrup and
white flour or milled corn.

High levels of unhealthy fats are a common feature of many junk food items. Trans fats
and saturated fats, prevalent in fried foods and certain snacks, can contribute to elevated
cholesterol levels and an increased risk of heart disease. Consuming these fats in excess
can lead to the deposition of plaque in the arteries, reducing blood flow and increasing the
likelihood of cardiovascular issues.

Junk food, a ubiquitous term in today's dietary lexicon, refers to food items that are high in
calories but low in nutritional value. Often characterized by their convenience, palatability,
and quick accessibility, these foods have become a staple in many diets around the world.
From fast-food burgers to sugary snacks and processed treats, the landscape of modern
eating habits has been significantly influenced by the pervasive availability of junk food.
This introduction delves into the origins and evolution of junk food, examining its impact
on dietary patterns, health, and society.

DEFINATION OF FAST FOOD

Fast food refers to food that is prepared and served quickly, often through a standardized
process in a commercial establishment. It is characterized by its emphasis on speed,
convenience, and mass production. Fast food establishments typically have a set menu of
items that are pre-prepared or quickly cooked, allowing for rapid service to meet the
demands of customers seeking quick meals

Key characteristics of fast food include:

1. Quick Service: The defining feature of fast food is the rapid preparation and
serving of meals. This is achieved through streamlined cooking processes, often
involving pre-cooked or partially prepared ingredients.
2. Standardization: Fast food chains focus on consistency and uniformity in their
offerings. This ensures that customers receive the same taste and quality regardless
of the location.
3. Limited Menu: Fast food establishments typically have a concise menu featuring
a selection of popular items. This helps in minimizing wait times and simplifying
the ordering process.

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4. Convenience: The convenience factor is a significant appeal of fast food. Drive-

through services, take-out options, and quick dine-in facilities cater to customers
looking for speedy and hassle-free meals.
5. Affordability: Fast food is often priced competitively, making it an accessible
option for a wide range of consumers. This affordability contributes to its
popularity, especially among individuals and families on a budge.
6. Global Presence: Many fast-food chains have achieved international success, with
recognizable brands present in various countries. This globalization has led to the
standardization of menus and culinary practices across different cultures.
7. Promotion and Marketing: Fast food relies heavily on effective marketing
strategies to create brand recognition and attract customers. Advertising often
emphasizes convenience, taste, and affordability.

Therefore, they are the type of key characteristics of fast food

It's important to note that while fast food is known for its convenience, it is not inherently
unhealthy. Some fast-food establishments offer healthier menu options, and the
perception of healthiness can vary widely between different chains. The term "fast food"
primarily describes the speed of service and the standardized approach to food
preparation rather than the nutritional content of the items.

• DIFFERENT BETWWEN OF JUNK FOOD AND FAST FOOD

 JUNK FOOD
1. Junk food is a subset of fast food and refers
specifically to food that is low in nutritional
value and high in calories, often lacking
essential nutrients.
FAST FOOD
1. Fast food is a broader category that
encompasses a variety of food items
prepared and served quickly,
typically in a restaurant setting.

2. It includes snacks, desserts, and processed foods 2. It emphasizes speed, convenience, and a
that are typically packaged for convenience and standardized approach to food preparation.
immediate consumption.

3. Common examples of junk food include candies, 3. Fast food includes a range of options,
chips, sugary beverages, pastries, and other such as burgers, fries, pizza, fried chicken,
highly processed items. and sandwiches, often served at chain
restaurants or drive-through establishments
4. The term “junk” implies that these foods 4.While some fast food can be considered
contribute little to a balanced and nutritious diet. unhealthy due to high levels of fats, sugars,
and salt.
ADVANTAGE OF JUNK FOOD

• While unhealthy food can be engaging because of its taste and comfort, it frequently
misses the mark on supplements like nutrients, minerals, and fiber. Many handled
bites and cheap food things are high in unfortunate fats, sugars, and salt, which can
add to weight gain and different medical issues. Devouring low quality food
routinely may prompt wholesome lacks, influencing in general wellbeing. Besides,
these food sources are in many cases energy-thick yet supplement poor, meaning
they give countless calories without the essential supplements our bodies need to
ideally work. The over-the-top admission of undesirable fats and sugars found in

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unhealthy food is related with an expanded gamble of heftiness, diabetes, and

cardiovascular illnesses.
• Ordinary utilization may likewise prompt unfortunate dietary propensities, as these
food sources are many times low in satiety and can add to gorging. Interestingly, a
reasonable eating routine that incorporates different natural products, vegetables,
entire grains, lean proteins, and solid fats gives the essential supplements to ideal
wellbeing.
• It keeps a solid weight, upholds by and large prosperity, and decreases the gamble
of constant sicknesses. In rundown, the impediment of low-quality food lies in its
dietary weaknesses, which can negatively affect long haul wellbeing when eaten
exorbitantly.

DISADVANTAGE OF JUNK FOOD

In the long haul, eating unhealthy food can prompt: type 2 diabetes. heart-related issues,
(for example, cardiovascular infection, hypertension and cholesterol) overweight and
stoutness.

The disadvantages of junk food include:

1. Nutritional deficiency: Unhealthy food frequently misses the mark on

supplements, like nutrients, minerals, and fiber, which are essential for by and large
wellbeing.
2. High in unhealthy ingredient: Many low-quality foods are high in undesirable
fats, sugars, and salt, adding to different medical problems like heftiness, diabetes,
and coronary illness.
3. Empty Calories: Unhealthy food is in many cases calorie-thick yet supplement
poor, prompting overconsumption without giving the essential supplements the
body needs
 4. Weight Gain and Heftiness: Standard utilization of low-quality food is connected
to weight gain and heftiness because of the great degrees of calories and unfortunate
fixings.
5. Increased risk of chronic diseased: Slims down wealthy in unhealthy food are
related with an expanded gamble of constant sicknesses, including cardiovascular
issues, diabetes, and other way of life related conditions.
6. Poor Dietary Habits: Customary utilization of low-quality food might prompt
unfortunate dietary propensities, making it trying to keep a reasonable and
nutritious eating routine. Adverse consequence on
7. Negative impact on mental health: Less than stellar eating routine can likewise
influence mental prosperity, for certain examinations recommending a connection
between unfortunate eating designs and an expanded gamble of psychological well-
being issues.
8. Energy slumps: Elevated degrees of sugar and refined starches in unhealthy food
can prompt energy spikes followed by crashes, adversely affecting energy levels
and generally efficiency.
9. Addictive Nature: The blend of salt, sugar, and fat in many unhealthy foods can
set off habit-forming eating conduct, making it moving for people to control their
admission.
• IMPACT OF JUNK FOOD ON THE HEALTH OF HUMAN

Eating over the top low-quality food can prompt different medical problems
like stoutness, cardiovascular issues, and diabetes.
These food varieties are much of the time high in
undesirable fats, sugars, and salt, adding to
healthful lacks and an expanded gamble of ongoing
sicknesses. Embracing a reasonable eating routine
with an emphasis on entire food varieties is vital for
keeping up with great wellbeing.
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Sure, let's delve into more detail on the impact of junk food on human health:

1. Obesity: Junk foods are typically high in calories, saturated fats, and sugars.
Regular consumption can lead to weight gain and, over time, contribute to obesity.
This, in turn, increases the risk of various health issues such as heart disease,
diabetes, and joint problems.
2. Cardiovascular Problems: High levels of trans fats and saturated fats found in
many junk foods can raise cholesterol levels and contribute to atherosclerosis
(hardening of the arteries). This increases the risk of heart diseases, including heart
attacks and strokes.
3. Type 2 Diabetes: Diets rich in refined sugars and simple carbohydrates, common
in junk foods, can lead to insulin resistance. This is a key factor in the development
of type 2 diabetes. Consistent consumption of these foods may contribute to the
onset and progression of the disease
4. Nutrient Deficiency: Junk foods are often high in calories but low in essential
nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Relying on such foods can lead to
nutrient deficiencies, affecting overall health and potentially leading to conditions
like anemia and weakened immune systems.
5. Digestive Issues: Lack of dietary fiber in junk foods can contribute to digestive
problems, including constipation. A diet high in processed foods may also disrupt
the balance of gut bacteria, impacting overall digestive health.
6. Increased Risk of Cancer: Some studies suggest a link between a diet high in
processed and fried foods and an increased risk of certain cancers. The presence of
additives, preservatives, and acrylamide (formed during frying or baking) may
contribute to this risk.
7. Mental Health Impact: There's emerging evidence linking poor diet, particularly
one high in processed foods, to mental health issues. A diet rich in fruits,
vegetables, and whole grains is associated with a lower risk of depression and
anxiety
 8. Addiction and Cravings: The combination of sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats in
junk food can create addictive eating patterns. Overconsumption may lead to
cravings and difficulties in maintaining a balanced diet.

• WHY JUNK FOOD IS BAD FOR HUMAN HEALTH?

A great deal of examination has shown that eating low quality foods (like
burgers, fries, cakes and bread rolls, sweet soft
drinks, and so on) routinely can jeopardize you for
weight and other constant sicknesses, including
coronary illness, diabetes, and malignant growth.
The following are 10 significant destructive
impacts of eating unhealthy food you ought to be
aware:

10 harmful effects of eating junk food:

1. Cardiovascular problems
2. High cholesterol
3. Diabetes
4. Kidney damage
5. Obesity
6. Liver disease
7. Cancer
8. Dental cavities
9. Depression
10.Skin problems

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1. Cardiovascular problems

One of the major detrimental side effects of junk food consumption is

increased cardiovascular disease risk. A large Harvard study showed that
eating high amounts of red meat and sugary treats may trigger inflammation,
increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. However, a diet rich in
vegetables, fruits, and other anti-inflammatory foods can reduce the risk while
promoting cardiovascular health.

2. High cholesterol

Diets high in saturated fat can raise the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol, or ‘bad’ cholesterol. Avoid or limit the intake of junk food and other
unhealthy high-cholesterol foods to reduce your risk while creating a more favorable
LDL-to-HDL ratio. High-density lipoproteins (HDL), also known as ‘good’ cholesterol,
helps remove other types of cholesterol from your bloodstream.

3. Diabetes

Research has shown that junk food may raise the risk of developing diabetes in various
ways. For instance, foods that are high in calories and low in nutrients break down
quickly in the body, which causes a rapid rise in blood sugar levels. Regularly eating junk
food may lead to weight gain and excess body fat, which are major risk factors for
developing type 2 diabetes. Junk foods are usually high in added salt, which can
contribute to high blood pressure linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Junk food
can also raise the levels of triglycerides due to the high content of trans and saturated fats.
High levels of triglycerides can raise your risk for type 2 diabetes. Make healthier food
choices to reduce your risk of developing diabetes and help manage the condition, in case
you have it
4. Kidney damage

Eating junk and processed foods can take a huge toll on your kidney health. Researchers
reported in a 2016 study published in the journal Experimental Physiology that eating
junk food can cause damage to your kidneys as much as diabetes. Maintain a healthy diet
and lifestyle to promote and protect your kidney health.

5. Obesity

Consuming energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods, such as junk food, is associated with
an increased risk of obesity, which has been declared an epidemic irrespective of age,
gender, or ethnicity. Obesity is also a major risk factor for heart disease, respiratory
problems, cancer, and many serious chronic conditions. Being aware of the adverse
effects of eating junk food and making healthier lifestyle choices will help you avoid
unhealthy weight gain and promote good health.

6. Liver disease

Diet plays a major role in the development and progression of liver disease. Several
studies have shown that excessive consumption of foods that are loaded with unhealthy
fats, proteins from meat, refined carbs, and sugar, can cause non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease. Unhealthy foods such as junk food combined with a sedentary lifestyle can cause
liver damage, leading to cirrhosis and increasing the risk of liver cancer.

7. Cancer

A poor diet that is high in fats, sugars, salts, and kilojoules, has been linked to a higher
risk of many cancers. In a study published in the journal PLOS Medicine, researchers
reported that people who ate the most junk food showed a higher risk of stomach,
colorectal, and respiratory tract cancers. Follow a diet rich in fruits, vegetables,
wholegrains, and plant-based proteins to reduce the risk of certain cancers and help you
stay healthy.

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8. Dental cavities

Junk foods taste so good, but they can ruin your oral health. The sugar and salt in these
foods feed harmful bacteria in your mouth, which produce acids that break down tooth
enamel and cause cavities. Consider a diet rich in whole foods instead to help protect
your teeth.

9. Depression

Experts have warned that not only junk food affects your body, but also impacts your
mind. A study, namely, by the Molecular Psychiatry journal, showed that eating junk
food raises the risk of depression. Furthermore, high junk food intake may make you less
active, eat fewer fruits and veggies, and promote other poor dietary habits. One should
focus on a healthy, balanced diet to improve mental health.

10. Skin problems

Eating a lot of junk or processed foods can cause various skin problems like pimples and
acne breakouts. For example, a research review from 2021 showed that foods high in fats,
refined carbs, and sugars were linked with acne. Other studies have also reported that
diets high in dairy foods may be associated with an increased risk of acne. Adopting a
balanced diet will go a long way toward preventing acne and other skin issues. A
balanced diet is a diet that contains an adequate amount of all essential nutrients.

• FEATURE OF JUNK FOOOD:

Junk food is typically characterized by being high in calories, sugars, salt, and unhealthy
fats. Common features include low nutritional value, convenience, and often addictive
flavors. Examples include fried snacks, sugary beverages, and processed fast food items.

Certainly, here are more detailed features of junk food:

1. High in Calories: Junk foods often contain a significant number of calories,
contributing to weight gain when consumed in excess.
High-calorie foods (also known as calorie-dense or energy-dense foods) include
things like:

• chocolate and sweets.

• crisps.
• biscuits.
• cake.
• ice cream.
• fast food, like burgers, fried chicken or fries.
• pastries.

2. High in Sugar: Many junk foods are loaded with refined sugars, which can lead
to spikes in blood sugar levels and, over time, contribute to health issues like
diabetes

Foods that contain added sugar:

• Candy.
• Cakes.
• Cookies.
• Pies and cobblers.
• Sweet rolls, pastries, and doughnuts.
• Dairy desserts, such as ice cream and yogurt.
• Sweetened drinks, such as soft drinks, sports drinks, energy drinks, and juice
drinks.
3. High in Unhealthy Fats: Trans fats and saturated fats, commonly found in junk
food, can raise cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease.
Foods that contain unhealthy fats:

• Red meat
• Butter
• Cheses
• Ice cream

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4. Low in Nutrients: Junk foods lack essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and
fiber, which are crucial for maintaining good health junk foods are food that lack
nutrients, vitamins and minerals, and are high in kilojoules (energy), salts, sugars,
or fats. Junk food is so called because it doesn't play a role in healthy eating,
especially if you eat too much of it.

5. Processed Ingredients: These foods are often highly processed, containing

artificial additives, preservatives, and flavor enhancers to improve taste and shelf
life.
• Palm Oil.
• Shortening.
• White Flour, Rice, Pasta, and Bread.
• High Fructose Corn Syrup.
• Artificial Sweeteners.
• Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Benzoate.
• Butylated Hydroxy anisole (BHA)
• Sodium Nitrates and Sodium

6. Salt Content: Junk foods tend to be high in salt (sodium), which, when consumed
excessively, can contribute to high blood pressure and other health issues.
1. Shrimp
2. Soup
3. Ham
4. Instant pudding
5. Cottage cheese
6. Salad dressing
7. Lack of Dietary Fiber: The absence of fiber in most junk foods can lead to
digestive issues and may contribute to overeating.
• Pasta
• Biscuits
• Pancakes
• Waffles
• bread

8. Convenience: Junk foods are often designed for quick consumption, making them
convenient but lacking the nutritional benefits of whole foods
• Candy
• chocolate
• lollies.
• Soft drinks
• juices.
• Nuts and snack
• Fresh or preserved fruit and vegetables.
• Processed deli meats and cheeses.
• Cans and jars of product, like soups and pasta sauces.

9. Addictive Flavors: Many junk foods are engineered

to be highly palatable, often with a combination of
salt, sugar, and fat, triggering pleasure centers in the
brain and potentially leading to overconsumption
• Pizza
• Chips
• Cookie
• French fries

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10. Associated with Health Risks: Regular consumption of junk food is linked to
various health risks, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes,
and other lifestyle-related conditions

• HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF JUNK FOODS

The history of junk food dates back to the 19th and 20th centuries, with the development
of processed and convenience foods.

1. Industrial Revolution (late 19th century)

The Industrial Revolution saw advancements in food processing techniques,
leading to the mass production of packaged and canned goods. This era marked
the beginning of convenience foods, although they were not as widespread as
today's junk food.
2. World War I and II (early to mid-20th century)
The wars prompted the development of military rations and packaged foods with
a longer shelf life. After the wars, these technologies transitioned into civilian life,
contributing to the popularity of processed and convenient foods.
3. 1950s-1960s
The post-war era witnessed a significant rise in the availability of pre-packaged,
processed foods. Fast-food chains, such as McDonald's and KFC, started
expanding, introducing a new era of quick-service meals.
4. Snack Food Industry (1970s onward)
The snack food industry began to flourish, with companies introducing a wide
array of packaged snacks, including chips, candies, and sugary beverages. The
emphasis shifted from traditional, whole foods to more convenient and often less
nutritious options.
5. Globalization (late 20th century)
 The globalization of food markets further facilitated the spread of processed and
fast foods. Multinational fast-food chains expanded globally, bringing
standardized menus to various cultures.
6. Marketing and Branding (late 20th century to present)
Aggressive marketing strategies by food companies, especially those targeting
children, contributed to the widespread consumption of junk food. Iconic
branding, catchy slogans, and appealing packaging played a role in creating a
demand for these products.
7. Concerns (late 20th century to present)
As awareness of health issues related to excessive consumption of junk food
grew, there has been increased scrutiny and efforts to promote healthier eating
habits. Some governments and organizations have implemented regulations and
initiatives to address nutritional concerns.

The history of junk food reflects societal and technological changes, shaping the way
people approach food consumption and contributing to the ongoing debate about the
impact of these foods on public health.

WHO IS FIRST INVENTED JUNK FOOD?

➢ MICHAEL F. JACOBSON WHO IS FIRST INVRNTED JUNK FOODS

The word junk food was coined in 1951 but the first official definition would arrive
only in 1972 and it was coined by the American
nutritionist scientist Michael F. Jacobson.

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He founded Food Day, a nationwide celebration of healthy, affordable, and sustainably

produced food and a grassroots campaign for better policies. Food Day was celebrated

annually from 1975 to 1977 and from 2011 to 2015. Jacobson also founded Big Business
Day and the Center for the Study of Commercialism.

"Soda is the quintessential junk food—just sugar calories and no nutrients, says Jacobson.
"Americans are drowning in soda pop—teenagers, in particular. The average teenage boy
is consuming two cans of soda pop a day. Jacobson proposes several warning labels,
including "Drinking (non-diet) soft drinks contributes to obesity and tooth decay," and
"Consider switching to diet soda, water, or skim milk." He once asked a CBS News
reporter: "Obesity is an epidemic. One-third of youths already are overweight or obese.
Are we just going to sit around and do nothing? Or should we do something—a modest,
sensible step of putting a health message on cans and bottles? In 2005, Jacobson's
organization proposed mandatory warning labels on all containers of sugar-sweetened soft
drinks, to warn consumers about the possible health risks of consuming these beverages on
a regular basis

Beginning in 1993, Jacobson spearheaded efforts to require that artificial trans-fat, a potent
cause of heart disease, be labeled on food packages.[11] As evidence of trans fat's
harmfulness accumulated, in 2004 CSPI petitioned the Food and Drug Administration to
ban the use of partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, the source of artificial trans-fat. The
FDA banned that oil in 2015, with June 18, 2018, being the effective date to stop using it.

He also led efforts to reduce the sodium content of processed foods, such as soups, snack
foods, and processed meats. Excess consumption of sodium increases the risk of high blood
pressure, heart attacks, and strokes. In addition to publishing several books and reports,
CSPI's work led to the FDA's issuing voluntary sodium-reduction guidelines in October
2021.

Jacobson stepped down as executive director of CSPI in October 2017 and then, as a senior
scientist at CSPI, published Salt Wars: The Battle Over the Biggest Killer in the American
Diet. That book addresses the scientific controversy about the health impact of lowering
sodium consumption, industry opposition to government action to lower sodium, and
advice to consumers. In 2022, after he resigned from CSPI's board of directors and his
position as senior scientist, Jacobson founded the National Food Museum. That nascent
institution "explores food in all its dimensions. The museum's exhibits and other activities
will focus on the history of the human and American diets, food marketing, ethnic cuisines,
farm animal welfare, and, especially, the impact of food and farming on health and the
environment.

WHAT IS THE FIRST JUNK FOOD?

➢ CRACKER JACK IS CREDITED WITH BEING THE FIRST FOOD.

CRACKER JACK

PROODUCT TYPE: CARAMEL COATED POPCORN AND PEANUTS

OWNER: PEPSICO (VIA FRITO-LAY)

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INTRODUCED: 1896; 128 YEARS AGO

PREVIEWS OWNER: BORDEN

Cracker Jack is an American brand of snack food that consists of

molasses-flavored, caramel-coated popcorn, and peanuts, well
known for being packaged with a prize of trivial value inside. The Cracker Jack name and
slogan, "The More You Eat the More You Want”, were registered in 1896. Some food
historians consider it the first junk food.

Cracker Jack is famous for its connection to baseball lore. The Cracker Jack brand has been
owned and marketed by Frito-Lay since 1997. Frito-Lay announced in 2016 that the toy
gift would no longer be provided and had been replaced with a QR code which can be used
to download a baseball-themed game.
 CHAPTER.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Impact of junk food on public health

Review of scientific literature suggests a strong association between higher consumption

of processed foods high in fat sugar and sodium with obesity markers such as greater Body
Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference and many non-communicable diseases
(NCDs).

➢ JUNK FOOD:

The term "junk food" refers to low-cost foods that are heavy in calories from fat or sugar
but low in fiber, protein, vitamins, and minerals. This term is used to insult certain foods
(Brendan O'Neill, 2006). According to (Zimmer & Ben, 2010), the word has been in use at
least since the early 1950s; however, Michael F. Jacobson of the Center for Science in the
Public Interest is attributed as having first coined the term in 1972. High-protein meals that
are regarded to be junk food include restaurants serving hamburgers, fried chicken, and
other dishes like this. Other examples of these types of eateries are fast food restaurants.
The popularity of junk food among the general public has significantly increased in recent
decades as a result of the introduction of products such as Hostess Twinkies, Fritos corn
chips, McDonald's, and KFC.

Junk food simply means an empty calorie food. An empty calorie food is a high calorie or
calorie rich food which lacks in micro-nutrients such as Vitamins, minerals, amino acids
and fiber but has high energy.

➢ OBJECTIVES

1. To research the trend of fast-food intake

2. To Examine the health Concern

3. To Explore the varieties of Fast food

4. To research how children are becoming more and more tempted by fast food

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5. To investigate the fundamental components of fast food

➢ HEALTH IMPACT OF JUNK FOOD;

Junk food allow people to eat people without panning eat not only when it is pre-set meal
time, but also when they have spare time. Ingredients of junk foods give great taste and
make them addictive. Fat and sugar in combination are capable of producing a dopamine-
driven surge of intense pleasure in people with a propensity for addictive behavior. On the
other side, it must be noted that they are hazardous to health too. High fat content,
particularly cholesterol, sugar and salts have their adverse effects on health. Soaring calorie
content with sugar can lead to obesity. Dense sugar content can cause dental cavities and
type 2 diabetes mellitus. A short-term adverse effect as a result of eating junk foods lack
of energy which occurs because junk foods don't provide essential nutrients, even though
they can be very much sufficing, due to which one

• Ingredients of junk food give great taste and make them additive. Fat and sugar in
combination. are capable of producing a dopamine-driven surge of intense pleasure
in people with a propensity for additive behavior.
• On the other side, it must be noted that they are hazards to health too. High fat
content particularly cholesterol and salt have their adverse effect on health.
• Soaring calorie with sugar can leads to Obesity.
• Dense sugar content can cause dental cavities and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A short-
term adverse effect as a result of eating junk food lack of energy which occurs
because junk foods do not provide essential nutrients, even though they can be very
much sufficing, due to which one feels. weakened.
• Unfortunately, meals consisting of junk food do not fill up for long. Because they
are lacking in fiber, and are made of processed foods, they are rated high on the
glycemic index, which means they provide a quick rise in blood sugar but this also
falls quickly and giving rise to hunger.
• Cholesterol and salt are known to Steff blood pressure, stroke and heart diseases in
a chain. Excessive salt can affect functioning of kidneys too.
• Excess fats and oils along with spices added in these foods act as an irritant to
gastric mucosa leading to excess secretion of hydrochloric acid, landing in gastritis,
Poor concentration is another result of junk food habit known to affect in immediate
and medium-term periods.
• When a sumptuous junk meal rich in oil is taken there is a feeling of drowsiness
and failure to concentrate. The junk food eating over a substernal period of time
can drop blood circulation due to fat accumulation.
➢ How to Avoid Junk Food
• Clever junk food advertising and the lure of convenience in addition to taste get
people to junk food addiction. Awareness on junk food facts is lacking
dramatically in every corner of the society. Here are some useful tips to avoid
junk foods.
• Junk food and children have a strange affinity to each other. This is partly so
owing to junk food advertising. Do not let children to get habituated to junk
foods.
• Controlling children from eating junk foods in schools is another step that helps
in a long term. Schools’ administration along with parents has a responsibility
to educate children about junk foods in schools.
• Junk food, the name itself is tempting enough. Eliminating the temptation is
one way to avoid it. Keeping good food nearby and having meals right on time
may help in this direction. Controlling the temptation is not as hard as
alcoholism can be. Develop awareness for fitness. This helps you separate junk
food and diet from your regimen.

➢ REASON FOR EATING JUNK FOODS

• The Choice of easiest access

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Busy schedules often minimize the amount of time individuals should spend cooking
wholesome meals, enabling them to make quicker, easier options. While food products like
hamburgers are sometimes delivered shortly after being ordered, entire foods like
vegetables and meat need time and room to cook properly

• Reducing tension

Fast culture causes tension and worry. Stress causes the body to burn more energy,
prompting people to crave fatty, sugary meals. Hysteria makes people seek solace in eating.
Junk food's beneficial effects on the reward area of the brain make it a soothing go-to when
stressed.

• Not getting enough nap

Lack of sleep affects bad eating, too. When sleep is limited, the brain's reward centre
becomes more active, and executive functions lag. This reduces possession, leading people
to seek out fatty, sugary meals that stimulate the reward centre.

• Acquiring an addiction

People may make a decision based only on their bodily need on food. According to
research, consuming meals with a lot of sugar or fat all at once alters the brain's chemical
makeup in a similar way to being hooked (Seo, Lee & Nam, 2011). Research findings Rats
who routinely eat meals high in fat and sugar suffer withdrawal symptoms if they are
denied access to these substances because they mentally want more of them. People are
also neurochemically driven to make food decisions after the habit is established.

➢ Reasons for choosing to eat junk food

• Time factor

Some people do not have the time to cook, so junk food is a quick and easy alternative th
is ready for consumption in a short time. Junk food such as wafers, potatoes and chips do
not ne to be cooked or heated. People like to eat them while watching television, saving
time and Ener (Mini & Malik, 2022).

• Taste factor

If the time factor is one of the reasons why people choose to eat junk food, so is the flava
factor because junk food has a good taste. This flavor comes from the excessive use of oil
and/or sugar (Bedi et all, 2021).

• Attractiveness

The packaging of junk food has a very attractive appearance by adding additives and fo
coloring in addition to enhancing the taste.

• Shelf life

Junk food has a long shelf life and most items such as chips and wafers do not need to
refrigerated (Mini & Malik, 2022).

• Advertising factor

Advertising plays a big role in attracting people, especially children and teenagers, to junk
food stores (Monir & Islam, 2020).

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CHAPTER:3 REASHEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESGIN

Title:

A study on impact of junk food on the health of human.

Introduction:

Junk refers to junk food which are easy to make and easy to consume. Michael Jacobson
aptly coins the phrase junk food in 1972 as slang for foods of useless or low nutritional
value. Junk food so called HFSS (High fat, sugar or salt). Various type of Junk food that
available in restaurants is cold-drinks, pizza, burger, and sandwich etc. The number of
fast-food restaurants and chain is increasing because people around the world like to eat
junk food. USA, Canada, Britain, Australia, Japan, Sweden etc. are the countries with
most junk food consumption around the world. Junk food is more popular because of
experience of great taste, better shelf life and easy transportation. The junk food
advertising is also playing a great role in junk foods popularity. A But it should be
avoided, because of lack of energy, high cholesterol and poor concentration.

Harmful of junk food:

In the long-term, eating junk food can lead to: type 2 diabetes. heart-related problems
(such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure and cholesterol) overweight and
obesity.

1. Heart related problems: Diet high in saturated and trans fats causes cholesterol
to build up in your arteries (blood vessels). This puts you at risk for heart attack,
stroke, and other major health problems.
2. Overweight: Excess calories from junk food meals can cause weight gain. This
may lead toward obesity. Obesity increases your risk of respiratory problems,
including asthma and shortness of breath. The extra pounds can put pressure on
your heart and lungs, and symptoms may show up even with little exertion.
3. Obesity: One of the most significant effects of junk food is that it can lead to
obesity. Junk food is often high in calories, fat, and sugar, which can quickly add
 up and lead to weight gain. This excess weight can put a strain on the heart, joints,
and other organs, increasing the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease,
diabetes, and some types of cancer

Design and size:

In this research project data has been presented with the help of tables and pie
charts. It indicates the numbers of people to be surveyed. Though large samples give
more reliable results than small samples but due to constraint of time and money, the
sample size was restricted to 50 respondents. The respondents belong to different age
groups and opinion.

Tools and service:

The techniques and tool used for data collection for surveying was questionnaire and
statically tool used was pie diagram.

Data collection:

Keeping in view the requirements of the study to collect all the relevant information
regarding the impact of junk food on the health of human, a structured questionnaire was
adopted for the collection of primary data. Secondary data has been collected through the
various internet sites by surfing on the internet and books.

Source of data:

• Primary method:
Questionnaires was used to collect primary data from respondents. The
questionnaire was structured type and contained questions. The questions
included in the questionnaire were offering multiple choices.
• Secondary method:
Secondary data refers to data that is collected by someone other than the primary
user. Common sources of secondary data for social science include articles, internet
websites, news reports, and different reports published by various agencies etc. are

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the source of secondary data of this project of a study of demonetization will be

collected from the internet from various websites from google search engine.

The world is currently facing an obesity epidemic, which puts people at risk for chronic
diseases like heart disease and diabetes. Junk food can contribute to obesity and yet it is
becoming a part of our everyday lives because of our fast-paced lifestyles.

Life can be jam-packed when you are juggling school, sport, and hanging with friends and
family! Junk food companies make food convenient, tasty, and affordable, so it has largely
replaced preparing and eating healthy homemade meals.

Junk foods include foods like burgers, fried chicken, and pizza from fast-food restaurants,
as well as packaged foods like chips, biscuits, and ice-cream, sugar-sweetened beverages
like soda, fatty meats like bacon, sugary cereals, and frozen ready meals like lasagna. These
are typically highly processed foods, meaning several steps were involved in making the
food, with a focus on making them tasty and thus easy to overeat.

Unfortunately, junk foods provide lots of calories and energy, but little of the vital
nutrients our bodies need to grow and be healthy, like proteins, vitamins, minerals, and
fiber. Australian teenagers aged 14-18 years get more than 40% of their daily energy from
these types of foods, which is concerning

Junk foods are also known as discretionary foods, which means they are "not needed to
meet nutrient requirements and do not belong to the five food groups.
 CHAPTER: 4 DATA INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS

1.

From the above pie chart, it is seen that most response is 63.3% who
are students. The next response is 28.3% who has their working. N
remining 8.4% least response for self-employed, house wife, home
maker.

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2.

According to pie chart, 60% people are having junk food sometimes. The
nest response is 33.3% who has accepting yes there eating junk food and the
remaining 6.7% people are only not consuming junk foods.

Therefore, there are most people are eating junk foods

 3.

The junk food invented by Michael Jacobson.

According to pie chart 45% people have a don’t know whom are invented
junk food. Only 41.7% people have an idea whom are invented junk food.
And remining 13.3% people give a wrong answer.

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4.

America country was firstly invented junk food.

According to pie chart,61.7% people known about America country was

firstly invented junk food. And 23.3% people have a no idea. Remaining 15%
people giving a wrong answer.
 5.

According pie chart, 70% people

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6.
7.

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8.
9.

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10.
11.

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12.
13.

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14.
 CHAPTER 5: FINDINGS
Research findings consistently highlight the negative impact of junk food on human health:

1. Obesity: Numerous studies have linked frequent consumption of junk food to obesity
due to its high calorie, fat, and sugar content. The Journal of the American College of
Cardiology reported that a diet high in junk food is associated with increased body weight
and fat mass.

2. cardiovascular disease: High intake of trans fats, saturated fats, and sodium found in
junk food contributes to elevated cholesterol levels and hypertension, increasing the risk
of heart disease and stroke. A study published in Circulation found that regular
consumption of junk food is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events.

3. Type 2 diabetes: Research published in the journal Diabetes Care suggests that diets
rich in junk food, particularly sugary beverages and processed snacks, are linked to an
increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes due to their impact on insulin resistance and
glucose metabolism.

4. Digestive issues: The low fiber content and high levels of processed ingredients in junk
food can lead to digestive problems such as constipation, bloating, and gastrointestinal
discomfort. A study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that a diet high in
junk food is associated with a higher prevalence of digestive symptoms.

5. Nutritional deficiencies: Junk food is often devoid of essential nutrients like vitamins,
minerals, and fiber, leading to nutritional deficiencies and poor overall health. Research
published in The Journal of Nutrition highlights the inadequate micronutrient intake
associated with frequent consumption of junk food.

6. Mental health: Several studies have demonstrated a link between junk food
consumption and poor mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and
cognitive decline. A systematic review published in Nutritional Neuroscience found
evidence of a bidirectional relationship between unhealthy dietary patterns and mental
health disorders.

7.Cancer risk: While more research is needed, some studies suggest that diets high in
processed and junk foods may increase the risk of certain cancers, such as colorectal cancer.
A meta-analysis published in PLOS ONE found a positive association between a Western
dietary pattern, characterized by high consumption of junk food, and colorectal cancer risk.

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Overall, the findings from scientific research consistently underscore the detrimental
effects of junk food on human health, highlighting the importance of promoting healthier
dietary choices to prevent chronic diseases and improve overall well-being
 CHAPTER 6: SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Unhealthy eating habits, even if they involve consuming junk food in small amounts,
combined with an imbalance of fatty acids and the need for nutrients, can hamper the
development of your brain and other body parts. Excess soda and sugar intake can also
lead to tooth decay and the weakening of bones.

To mitigate the impact of junk food on health, here are some suggestions and
recommendations:

1. Limit consumption: Reduce the intake of junk food by gradually incorporating

healthier alternatives into your diet. Limiting consumption of junk food is
essential for maintaining good health. Start by gradually reducing the frequency
of consuming junk food items such as fast food, sugary snacks, and processed
foods. Instead, focus on incorporating more whole, nutrient-rich foods into your
diet, such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains.
2. Read labels: Be mindful of the nutritional content of packaged foods and opt for
options with lower amounts of added sugars, unhealthy fats, and sodium. Check
the serving size to understand how much of the product constitutes one serving.
All the nutritional information on the label is based on this serving size.
3. Cook at home: Prepare meals at home using fresh, whole ingredients to have
more control over what you're eating and to avoid the hidden additives in
processed foods. Plan your meals: Create a weekly meal plan and grocery list to
ensure you have all the ingredients you need on hand. Choose whole foods: opt
for fresh, whole ingredients like fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole
grains. Experiment with recipes: Try new recipes and cooking techniques to keep
meals interesting and flavorful.
4. increase fruits and vegetables: Incorporate a variety of fruits and vegetables into
your meals to boost your intake of essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Keep
fresh fruits like apples, bananas, or berries, and cut-up vegetables like carrots,
cucumbers, or bell peppers readily available for snacking.
5. Choose healthier snacks: opt for nutritious snacks like nuts, fruits, yogurt, or
whole-grain crackers instead of reaching for chips, cookies, or candy. By
choosing healthier snacks, you can satisfy your hunger between meals while
nourishing your body with essential nutrients, fiber, and energy.

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6. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated and
reduce the temptation to consume sugary beverages. Drink water regularly: Aim
to drink water consistently throughout the day, even if you don't feel thirsty. Carry
a reusable water bottle with you to make it easier to stay hydrated on the go.
7. Practice moderation: It's okay to enjoy junk food occasionally, but strive for
moderation and balance in your overall diet. practicing moderation in your eating
habits and lifestyle choices, you can enjoy a balanced approach to health and
well-being while still indulging in the things you love from time to time.
8. Seek support: Surround yourself with supportive friends and family members
who encourage healthy eating habits and can help you stay accountable. Having a
support system can provide encouragement, accountability, and motivation,
making it easier to adopt and maintain healthy habits for the long term.

By making small changes to your eating habits and lifestyle, you can gradually reduce the
negative impact of junk food on your health and well-being.
 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the impact of junk food on human health is significant and multifaceted.
Regular consumption of junk food can lead to obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes,
digestive issues, nutritional deficiencies, increased cancer risk, and mental health issues.
The high levels of unhealthy fats, sugars, sodium, and empty calories found in junk food
contribute to these negative health outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to limit the intake of
junk food and focus on consuming a balanced diet rich in whole, nutrient-dense foods such
as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. By making healthier food choices and
practicing moderation, individuals can reduce their risk of chronic diseases and improve
their overall health and well-being.

Consumption of the junk food invites various health problems. The habit of the
consumption of jink food is continuously increasing in young generation especially in
children. The main problems with junk food are increasing childhood obesity, which
further leads many health. complications in children. The attracting advertisements are
largely responsible for the mind make up of children to consume junk food.

Eating junk food daily lead us to the nutritional deficiencies in the body because it is lack
of essential nutrients, vitamins, iron, minerals and dietary fibers. It increases risk of
cardiovascular diseases because it is rich in saturated fat, sodium and bad cholesterol.

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