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Managing Change
Managing Change
Course Objectives
You will learn to:
• Prepare to effectively communicate the business strategies and rationale
that are driving the need for change.
• Utilise three actions to accelerate the implementation of workplace
change.
• Recognise the nature of resistance and use a set of skills to uncover and
respond to that resistance.
• Determine aspects of the change that can be controlled or influenced.
• Use essential interaction skills to conduct effective discussions that help
your team members move closer to embracing change.
• Apply tips, tools, and techniques to support your team members and
encourage them to commit to change initiatives more quickly.
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Managing Change
Effectively implementing change means helping team members to accept and even embrace
change more quickly. Three actions, or Change Accelerators, can help you do that:
• Describe what’s changing and why.
• Seek reactions and feelings.
• Regain a sense of control.
Reactions
Seeking people’s
reactions helps
them feel heard and
Control involved in what’s
If people learn that they happening, which can
can control aspects of the go a long way toward
change or at least have some building trust and
influence over them, they’ll be commitment.
more open to change and more
likely to take steps toward embracing it.
* This statistic was taken from “Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail” by John P. Kotter in the Harvard Business Review (March–
April 1995) and The Dance of Change: The Challenges to Sustaining Momentum in Learning Organizations (1999, Doubleday) by Peter M.
Senge and has been supported in numerous studies.
The continuum below reflects a range of four common reactions people can have and what
those reactions can look and sound like. A person could be anywhere on or in between
positions. Your role as a leader is to help your team members move closer to embracing the
change.
• Views the change • Sees the change as • Sees the change as • Views the change
as negative. uncontrollable and ultimately positive as positive and
• Loudly voices undesirable. but unmanageable. manageable.
negative opinions • Passively accepts • Is uncomfortable • Clearly understands
about the change the change, but with the change, the reasons for
or questions it makes little or no but goes along with the change and
repeatedly. progress or effort it out of loyalty to anticipates the
• Works to show that toward helping to those involved. benefits it will bring.
the change is not implement it. • Thinks the change • Works hard to
necessary, possible, • Focuses on what is inevitable, and incorporate the
or acceptable. is staying the it’s just a matter of change into daily
• Faces the change same, rather than accepting it. work.
by fighting or acknowledging • Is ambivalent to the • Faces the change
resisting it. what will be change. by trying new ways
different. to make it work.
• Feels a lack of • Tends to use
control over the • Strictly adheres old rather than • Is comfortable with
situation. to established new methods or a certain level of risk
practices and procedures. or ambiguity.
processes.
Before you can expect people to embrace change, it’s important to acknowledge and address
those personal needs. You can do this with Key Principles.
Maintain or enhance self-esteem. Express confidence in your team’s ability to carry out the
change.
Listen and respond with empathy. Acknowledge the emotions people are expressing about
the change so they feel heard and understood.
Ask for help and encourage Help team members feel involved and more in control of
involvement. the situation.
Share thoughts, feelings, and Share your thoughts and feelings about the change to
rationale. (to build trust) help build trust with your team members and encourage
them to share their feelings with you. Share the rationale
for the change to gain their commitment.
Provide support without removing Encourage people and provide support while holding
responsibility. (to build ownership) them responsible for implementing the change.
Reaction #1
I’m not surprised that they’re asking us to take on the additional tasks. I just don’t know
how we’re going to keep up, but I guess that’s just the way it’s going to be. Just keep
piling on the work!
What would you say to use Empathy and/or Involvement? Provide specific dialog.
Reaction #2
That’s what they said last time: “The success of the company depends on implementing
this change.” So we all worked like crazy to make the change, and then nothing
happened—no big improvements, no big cost savings—just more work for us. And now,
they’ve got another ‘brilliant idea’ that they say can’t miss.
What would you say to use Empathy and/or Involvement? Provide specific dialog.
Part 2
Your Situation
Identify someone on your team who is closer to the Resisting side of the continuum.
Describe that person’s reaction to the change. What has the person said or done (or
what might the person say or do)?
What would you say in response to the team member, using Empathy and/or
Involvement? Provide specific dialog.
Control Discussion
With a partner:
• Discuss the factors you’ve identified and categorised as Control, No Control, or Influence
regarding your change situation and share your rationale.
• Coach each other by asking the following questions:
−− Is there an aspect of a No Control factor that your team could influence? Why or why
not?
−− Can your team influence someone who can influence this No Control factor?
Areas of Control
For your situation, note which aspects of the change your team might be able to control or
influence. Back at the workplace, share these areas with your team members and seek their
insights.
Interaction Essentials sm
In addition to focusing on people’s personal needs, when implementing change, you also must
address their practical needs, such as helping them to understand what they’re expected to
do differently and to agree on how everyone will monitor the change. By using the Interaction
Essentials, you can meet both the personal and practical needs of individuals as they move
closer to embracing change.
Check for understanding and make procedural suggestions ensures that everyone
understands what’s been said and keep the discussion moving forward.
Interaction Guidelines:
Meeting Practical Needs
During change, people have practical needs, such as the need to:
• Understand what they’re expected to do differently.
• Obtain the proper tools, training, skills, or equipment needed to make the change happen.
The Interaction Guidelines help you meet these practical needs by providing a step-by-step
framework for leading a discussion about the change. You’ll find the Change Accelerators are
very useful in the first three steps of the discussion.
Sam
Donna
Derek
Part 2
Key Principles Team
• In the following script, identify where Glenn uses the Empathy and Involvement Key Principles.
• In the right column, describe the impact the Key Principles have on the team members.
Describe Impact
Identify Key Principles and Change Accelerators
on Team
Derek: This is fine for Sam. He loves this continuous
improvement stuff. Me, I just want to do my job.
Describe Impact
Identify Key Principles and Change Accelerators
on Team
Sam: Well, the way I see it, once everyone is more involved and
taking the lead in continuous improvement, we’ll come up
with even better ideas. And get better at implementing
them.
Derek: That’s fine, but it still means a lot more work for us, on top
of our regular jobs.
Donna: Derek has a point. This is more work, but Sam’s right too.
With more people involved, we’ll get better ideas.
Glenn: You’re right. There’ll be a lot of new things for all of us to
do, and that’s something we’ll have to discuss. Donna,
you said you were unsure. Tell me what you’re concerned
about.
Donna: It just seems . . . complicated. And I didn’t understand . . .
are we all supposed to take the lead on working through
the process?
Glenn: I’ll be asking for volunteers to take the lead, and we’ll
discuss how we divide responsibility for working through the
process. But before we get to that point, I want to make
sure that you all are comfortable with the process itself and
the new form.
Donna: Good. I just need to understand this a little better.
Glenn: You feel hesitant and you want to know more about this
new responsibility before committing. I get that. I bet a lot
of people feel like that. Any other concerns or reactions?
Donna: No, that’s it. I’m sure I’ll have more questions later.
Glenn: And I’ll try to answer them. (to all) I appreciate your
honesty. I want to hear all your perspectives. I’d like to
continue this during tomorrow’s start-up meeting. Would
that be OK with you?
Donna: All right with me.
Sam: Sure.
Derek: Yeah, fine.
Glenn: Thanks . . .
Describe Impact
Identify Key Principles and Change Accelerators
on Team
Derek: . . . I’m sorry, but this is just too much for us to take on right
now. Cause analysis, implementation plans, diagrams—
how are we supposed to do all of this and still do our jobs?
...
Sam: Here we go again. Derek still doesn’t get it.
Describe Impact
Identify Key Principles and Change Accelerators
on Team
Glenn: I agree that we should start with something simple. That’ll
make it easier to focus on learning the process itself.
Alright, we’ve got quite a few past improvement ideas to
choose from. So, what should we do next?
Sam: I can look at some recent problem reports, pull three
or four that are pretty straightforward. Pick from those.
Sound good?
Donna: I like that.
Derek: OK.
Glenn: And then we need some time together to go through the
process.
Donna: That works for me.
Sam: Yes . . .
Glenn: I could see that Derek isn’t totally convinced yet. But
he stopped actively resisting and participated in the
discussion. That’s progress.
Glenn: . . . All right. Sam will have the problem reports this
afternoon. We’ll get back together next Wednesday. By
then, you’ll decide which one we’ll use to illustrate the
process.
Sam: Sounds good to me.
Donna: OK.
Derek: That should help.
Glenn: By the end of the month, someone will need to take the
lead on a continuous improvement idea, using the new
process form. We’ll continue to measure improvement
results just like we’ve been doing.
Derek: Well, it’s good to see something isn’t changing.
Glenn: I’m glad we were able to talk through your concerns. I
think we came up with a good plan that will help all of
us become comfortable with the process. Then we’ll be
ready to start looking at new ideas to tackle. Thanks,
everybody.
Key Principles
Describe purpose of the discussion. Identify what’s changing and why. ~~ Esteem
Tell how everyone will have a greater role in analysing and implementing continuous
{{ Empathy
Open
improvement ideas.
Show how change will enable us to act on ideas more quickly and stay ahead of the {{ Involvement
competition.
~~ Share
{{ Support
Seek and share information about how the change affects the person or team. {{ Esteem
Seek reactions and feelings: Find out each person’s true feelings about the change.
~~ Empathy
Clarify
Empathise: “I understand that you’re concerned about how we’ll get everything
done”. ~~ Involvement
Share: “I’m sure the new form and process will improve our processes.” “This is a big
change for me as well - my role’s changing too, which makes me a little anxious”
~~ Share
{{ Support
Regain a sense of control: Explore aspects of the change that we, as a team, can
{{ Empathy
control or influence.
Use Involvement: “How would you like to learn the process for analysing continuous ~~ Involvement
improvement ideas?” ”What idea should we analyse first?
{{ Share
{{ Support
Agree on expectations, support needed, and how progress will be tracked. {{ Esteem
Seek next steps in the learning process. Reinforce that we’ll continue to use the same
{{ Empathy
Agree
Three Rounds
Determine roles for each of three skill practice rounds. Record your name and the names of
your skill practice members on the assignment grid.
Assignment Grid
Names Round 1 Round 2 Round 3
Three Steps
Follow these three steps for each skill practice round.
Conversation Planner
Resisting Observing Accommodating Embracing
Key Principles
Describe purpose of the discussion. Identify what’s changing and why. {{ Esteem
{{ Empathy
Open
{{ Involvement
{{ Share
{{ Support
Seek and share information about how the change affects the person or team. {{ Esteem
{{ Empathy
Clarify
{{ Involvement
{{ Share
{{ Support
{{ Empathy
{{ Involvement
{{ Share
{{ Support
Agree on expectations, support needed, and how progress will be tracked. {{ Esteem
{{ Empathy
Agree
{{ Involvement
{{ Share
{{ Support
{{ Involvement
{{ Share
{{ Support
Skill Partner
Preparation
Ask the skill user the following questions so you can better understand what your perspective
should be as the skill partner and to prepare for how you will respond during the interaction.
• What feelings, reactions, issues, or concerns do I have about the change, and how can they
be addressed in a way that would help me move closer to embracing the change?
Interactions
Referring to your preparation notes, participant in the discussion and respond to the skill user’s
use of the skills. Below, record your observations and feelings about the discussion.
Feedback
Answer the observer’s questions about the interaction and how you felt.
Partner Notes
Observer
Preparation
1. Listen as the skill user describes his or her situation.
2. Ask the skill user: Which Key Principles will you focus on during the discussion?
Place a check mark next to those skills.
{{ Esteem {{ Empathy {{ Involvement {{ Share {{ Support
Interaction
During the discussion:
• Record on page 20 what the skill user says or does to use the skills. Note specific dialog.
Watch for the skill partner’s reaction as well.
• Identify any missed opportunities to use the skills.
• Be prepared to share what the skill user could have done more effectively.
Feedback
Lead the feedback discussion with the following questions:
1. Ask the skill user:
−− What do you think you did well in using the skills?
−− What could you have done more effectively?
−− What would you do differently next time?
2. Using your notes on the next page, provide the following feedback to the skill user:
−− What he or she did well in using the skills.
−− Missed opportunities to use the skills.
−− What he or she could have done more effectively.
3. Ask the skill partner:
−− How did you feel during the discussion?
−− Was there a point where you began to feel more positively about the situation? What did
the skill user say or do at that point?
Observer Notes
1. OPEN by identifying what’s changing and why.
−− Describe purpose of discussion
−− Identify importance
Today’s date:
Change Accelerators
{{ Describe what’s changing and why. • How will I know whether I’ve been
What additional information might I need to successful?
describe the rationale for or benefits of the
• How will I measure the results of this
change? Whom can I contact to gather this
application?
information?
{{ Seek reactions and feelings. • How will I know whether I’ve been
How do my team members feel about the successful?
change? What feedback might they have
• How will I measure the results of this
that others have not considered? How will
application?
I use Key Principles to seek reactions and
concerns?
Reflections
How has this session changed my perspective on workplace change?
From all that I’ve experienced in this session, what would be the most helpful to share with my
team?
Who in my organisation effectively uses the skills or knowledge I’ve learned, and how can I
continue to develop through this person’s example?
How can I use the skills from this session outside my work - with my family, community, etc.?
Notes
Notes
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Managing Change
Frontline Leader ► Managing Change
Job Aid
Change Accelerators
Interaction EssentialsSM
The Empathy and The Interaction
Involvement Key Principles Guidelines help you meet
are particularly important in practical needs by
addressing people’s personal providing a step-by-step
needs to feel heard and framework for a change
involved when experiencing discussion.
change.
The Change Accelerators
Use Empathy to acknowledge are very useful in OPEN,
and respond to others’ CLARIFY, and DEVELOP.
reactions and feelings.
Use Involvement when you
seek reactions and feelings
and to help people regain a
sense of control.
SEEK Draw out Acknowledge Provide a forum for Create a list of pros
REACTIONS concerns, feelings of anxiety or sharing ideas and and cons about
and feelings questions, and discomfort: “I know suggestions: “It the change and
ideas: “How are you were would be helpful to discuss them
you feeling about comfortable with the hear your openly. Disclose
this change?” current process, and perspective. Would your concerns.
and “What ideas you’re anxious about you be willing to (Share)
do you have for learning a new share your thoughts
making it work?” system.” (Empathy) at our next team
(Involvement) meeting?”
(Involvement)
Topic/Issue to discuss:
Key Principles
Describe purpose of the discussion. Identify what’s changing and why. Esteem
Empathy
Open
Involvement
Share
Support
Seek and share information about how the change affects the person or team. Esteem
Empathy
Clarify
Involvement
Share
Support
Empathy
Involvement
Share
Support
Agree on expectations, support needed, and how progress will be tracked. Esteem
Empathy
Agree
Involvement
Share
Support
Involvement
Share
Support