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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

The concept of technology transfer is not new. In the thirteen century Marco Polo helped
introduce to the Western world Chinese inventions such as the compass, papermaking,
printing, and the use of coal for fuel. In Islamic countries, knowledge of the technology of
manufacturing paper came in AD 751 following a battle between Arab and Chinese forces in
which the Chinese were defeated.

The Arab captured skilled Chinese paper manufacturers and began to produce a paper in
Samarkand. Technology transfer is in fact the translocation of innovations arising in one firm
or country to others. In technology transfer, knowledge passes from the innovator to one or
more recipient, who thus avoids the need to conduct independent research, or to develop
projects, or to test and evaluate the outcomes of research.

Technology transfer is the application of technology to a new use or user. It is the process by
which technology developed for one purpose is employed either in a different application or
by a new user. The activity principally involves the increased utilisation of the existing
science/technology base in new areas of applications as opposed to its expansion by means
of further research and development. (Languish et a], 1982, Wealth from knowledge,
Macmillan, London).

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