Asme B30.21-1999

-1A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD F- -
-~
-
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The American Society of
Mechanical Engineers
OPERATED HOSl
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ASME 830.21 -1999

(Revisi~n01 ASME B30.21-1NM)
SAFETY SMNDMD FER CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRC

I KS,HOISTS, HOOKS, JACKS, AND 8UN6S
Date of Issuance: March 31. 2000
The 1999 edition of thisStandard is beingissued with an automatic addenda

subscription service. The use of an addenda allows revisions made in
response to public review comments or committee actions to be publishedon
a regular yearlybasis; revisions published in addenda will become effective 1
year after the Date of Issuance of the addenda. The next edition of this
Standard is scheduled for publication in 2004.
ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of J
technical aspects of this Standard. The interpretations will be included with

the above addenda service.
ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard
was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an
opportunity toparticipate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review
and comment that providesan opportunity for additional public input fromindustry, academia,
regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not “approve,“ “rate,” or ”endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device,
or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validityof any patent rights asserted in
connection with any items mentionedin thisdocument, and does not undertake to insure anyone
utilizing astandard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume
any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the
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validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their
own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliatedwith industry is not to
be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in
accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance
of interpretations by individuals.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
without the prior writtenpermission of the publisher.
The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright O 2000 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.

FOREWORD
This American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,
Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, hasbeendevelopedundertheproceduresaccreditedbythe
AmericanNational Standards Institute(formerly the United States ofAmerica Standards
Institute). This Standard had itsbeginning in December1916, whenan eight-page Code
ofSafety Standards for Cranes,prepared byan ASMECommittee on the Protection of
IndustrialWorkers,waspresented to theannualmeeting of theASME.
Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from
1920 to 1925,involvingtheASMESafety Code Correlating Committee, the Association
ofIronandSteelElectricalEngineers,theAmericanMuseumof Safety, theAmerican
Engineering Standards Committee (later changedtoAmerican Standards Associationand
subsequently to the USA Standards Institute), Department of Labor - State of New Jersey,
Department of Labor and Industry - State ofPennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane
Manufacturers Association.On June 1 1, 1925, the American EngineeringStandards Committee
approved the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee’s recommendation and authorized
the project with the U.S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME
as sponsors.
In March1926, invitations wereissuedto 50 organizations to appoint representativesto
a Sectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out
October 2, 1926,andthecommitteeorganizedNovember 4, 1926,with S7 members
representing 29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, andHoists,
ASAB30.2, 1943, was created fromthe eight-page documentreferred to in the first
paragraph. This document was reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.
Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, andgeneral interest of labor and
industry in safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the
Naval Facilities EngineeringCommand,U.S.Department oftheNavy,wasreorganized as
anAmerican National Standards Committee on January 31, 1962,with 39 members
representing 27 nationalorganizations.
The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each complete
as to construction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation)
would cover the different types of equipment included in thescopeofB30.
In 1982,theCommitteewasreorganized as an AccreditedOrganization Committee,
operating under procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by the American National
Standards Institute.
This Standard presents a coordinated set of mies that may serve as a guide to government
and other regulatorybodiesandmunicipal authorities responsible for the guarding and
inspection ofthe equipment falling withinits scope. The suggestionsleading to accident
prevention are givenboth as mandatory and advisoryprovisions; compliance withboth
types may berequired by employersoftheir employees.
In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administra-
tive. or regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the
useof other devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent
degree of protection isthereby secured. To secure uniformapplicationandinterpretation
of this Standard, administrative or regulatory authorities areurged to consult the B30
...
111
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Committee, in accordance with the format described in Section III, before rendering decisions
on disputed points.
This volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME,
wasapproved by ANSIanddesignated as an AmericanNational Standard on November
18, 1999.
Safety codes and standards areintended to enhance public safety. Revisions resultfrom
committee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing
environmental andindustryneeds.Revisions do notimplythat previous editions were
inadequate.
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iv

ASME B30 COMMITTEE
Safety Standards for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks,
Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
OFFICERS
P. S. Zorich, Chair
B. D. Closson, Vice Chair
J. Pang, Secretary
COMMITTEE PERSONNEL*
ALLIANCE OF AMERICAN INSURERS
T. A. Christensen, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co.
ASSOCIATED GENERAL CONTRACTORSOF AMERICA
C. L. Huneycutt, J. A. Jones Construction
W. P. Rollins, Alternate, J. A. Jones Construction
ASSOCIATED WIRE ROPE FABRICATORS
D. Sayenga, Associated Wire Rope Fabricators
D. J. Bishop, Alternate, Bishop Lifting Products, Inc.
ASSOCIATION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT MANAGERS
J. C. Ryan, Boh Bros. Construction Co.
H. E. Livermore, Alternate, Bechtel Leasing, Inc.
ASSOCIATION OF IRON AND STEEL ENGINEERS
J. W. Rowland, Bethlehem Steel
FORGING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION
G. F. Hoffa, Columbus McKinnon Corp.
E. K. Marburg, Alternate, Columbus McKinnon Corp.
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS
W. J. Smith, Jr.. International Union of Operating Engineers
S. C. Buck, Alternate, International Union of Operating Engineers, Local 150
NATIONAL ERECTORS ASSOCIATION
B. E. Weir, Jr., Norris Brothers Co., Inc.
J. Conant, Alternate, Conant Crane Rental Co.
POWER, CRANE, AND SHOVEL ASSOCIATION BUREAU OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (CIMA)
N. C. Hargreaves, Terex Corp.
D. G. Quinn, Alternate, FMC Construction Equipment Corp.
SPECIALIZED CARRIERS AND RIGGING ASSOCIATION
H. 1. Shapiro, Howard 1. Shapiro & Associates
R. M. Kohner, Alternate, Landmark Engineering Service
STEEL PLATE FABRICATORS ASSOCIATION
K. Miller, CBI NA-CON, Inc.
U S . DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
E. E. Rudy, U.S. Army TARDEC
The members listed, except for thoselistedundertheheadingfor individual members, were nominated by their
respective organizations.
V
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OFTHE NAVY
J. E. Richardson, Naval Facilities Engineering Command
WIRE ROPE TECHNICAL BOARD
L. D. Means, Wire Rope Corp. of America, Inc.
D. A. Henninger, Alternate, Pauken Wire Rope Corp.
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS
R. J. Bolen, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.
A. D. Brown, OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor
P. L. Rossi, Alternate, OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor
K. J. Chlad, Material Handling Crane Systems
J. W. Downs, Jr., Alternate, Downs Crane and Hoist Co., Inc.
B.D. Closson, North American Crane Bureau West
T. L. Wanton, Alternate, North American Crane Bureau
J. P. Colletti, J.P. Colletti & Associates, Inc.
R. A. Dahlin, Walker Magnetic Group, Inc.
D. W. Eckstine, Grove Worldwide
R. H. Fowler, U.S. Department of the Air Force
J. L. Franks, Consultant
R. C. Slater, Alternate, McKay International Engineers
J. J. Headley, Crane Institute of America, Inc.
C. W. Ireland, Amclyde Engineered Products
L. S. Johnson, American Equipment
G. L. Owens, Alternate, Granite Construction Co.
J. M. Klibert, Honorary Member, Lift-All Co., Inc.
H. G. Leidich, Ingersoll-Rand Co.
J. T. Perkins, Alternate, Ingersoll-Rand Co.
C. Lucas, Crosby Group
P. A. Boeckman, Alternate, Crosby Group
T. S. McKosky, Honorary Member, Consultant
R. W. Parry, Honorary Member, Consultant
R. R. Reisinger, FKI Industries, Inc.
J. L. Gordon, Alternate, FKI Industries, Inc.
A. R. Toth, Morris Material Handling
S. J. McCormick, Alternate, Morris Material Handling
R. C. Wild, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
D. N. Wolff, National Crane Corp.
P. S. Zorich, RZP International Ltd.
vi
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CONTENTS
...
Foreword .......................................................................
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111
CommitteeRoster ............................................................... V
Summary of Changes ............................................................ ix
Introduction
General ............................................................... 1
Section I Scope .......................................................... 2
Section II Purpose ........................................................ 2
Section III Interpretations .................................................. 2
Section IV New andExistingInstallations ................................... 3
Section V MandatoryandAdvisoryRules .................................. 3
Section VI MetricConversions ............................................. 3
Chapter 21-0 Scope,Definitions.andReferences
Section 2 1-0.1 Scope of B30.21 ................................................ 5
Section 2 1-0.2 Definitions ..................................................... 5
Section 2 1-0.3 References ..................................................... 7
Chapter 21-1 Manually Lever Operated Hoists Chain Type -
Section 2 1.1.1 MarkingandConstruction ....................................... 13
Section 21- I .2 Inspection ...................................................... 14
Section 21.I .3 Testing ......................................................... 17
Section 2 1.1.4 Maintenance .................................................... 17
Section 2 1 .1.5 WeldedLinkChainInspection,Replacement,and
Maintenance .................................................. 18
Section 2I .I .6 RollerChainInspection,Replacement,andMaintenance ........... 18
Section 2I .I .7 Operation ...................................................... 19
Chapter 21-2 Manually Lever Operated Hoists - Wire Rope Type
Section 2 1-2.1 MarkingandConstruction ....................................... 21
Section 2 1-2.2 Inspection ...................................................... 22
Section 2 1-2.3 Testing .......................................................... 24
Section 2 1-2.4 Maintenance .................................................... 25
Section 2 1-2.5 WireRopeInspection,Replacement,andMaintenance ............ 25
Section 2 1-2.6 Operation ...................................................... 27
Chapter 21-3 Manually Lever Operated Hoists -
Web Strap Type
Section 2 1.3 . I MarkingandConstruction ....................................... 29
Section21-3.2 Inspection ...................................................... 30
Section 2 1-3.3 Testing ......................................................... 32
Section 2 1-3.4 Maintenance .................................................... 33
Section21-3.5 Web Strap Inspection,Replacement, andMaintenance ............. 33
Section 2 1-3.6 Operation ...................................................... 34

ST9mASNE B30.2L-ENGL L999 0759b70 Ob4bL85 5 9 8 m
Figures
I ManuallyLeverOperatedHoist . Chain
Type .................. 8
2 ManuallyLeverOperatedHoist . Wire
Rope ................... 9
3 ManuallyLeverOperatedHoist . Web
Strap ................... 9
4 ManuallyLeverOperatedHoist . Chain
Type .................. IO
5 LoadChain .................................................... 11
6 GuideandLoadSprocket-Strap .................................. 11
7 Load Controlling Mechanism .................................... 12
8 Overtravel Restraint ............................................. 12
9 LoadSprockets ................................................. 12
10 SwivelType Hook .............................................. 14
Tables
I MinimumInspection for LeverOperatedHoists . Chain ......... 15
2 MinimumInspectipn for LeverOperated Hoists . Wire
Rope ........................................................ 23
3 MinimumInspection for LeverOperated Hoists - Web
Strap ........................................................ 31
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viii

ASME 630.21-1999
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
The 1999edition of ASME B30.21includeseditorialchanges,revisions,andcorrectionsintroduced in

B30.21a-1995, B30.21b-1997, and B30.21~-1998,as well as the following changes identified by (99).
Page Location Change
1,2 General volume listing

(1) 830updated
(2) Footnote 1 revised
(3) Seventh paragraph revised
II Figure 6 Editorially revised
12 Figure 7 Editorially revised
23 Table 2 Editorially revised
31 Table 3 Editorially revised
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ASME 830.21-1999
SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES,

DERRICKS, HOISTS, HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGS
INTRODUCTION
(99) General B30.21ManuallyLeverOperatedHoists

B30.22 Articulating Boom Cranes
This Standard is one of a series of safety standards
B30.23Personnel Lifting Systems
onvarious subjects thathavebeenformulatedunder
830.24 Container Cranes'
the general auspices of the American National Standards
B30.25 Scrap andMaterial Handlers
institute. One purpose of theStandard is to serve as
a guide to governmental authorities having jurisdiction If adopted for governmentaluse, the references to
over subjects withinthescopeofthe Standard. It is other national codes and standards in the specific vol-
expected, however, that the Standard will find a major umesmay be changed to refer to thecorresponding
application in industry, serving as a guide to manufactur- regulationsofthegovernmental authorities.
ers, purchasers,and users ofthe equipment. The use of cableways, cranes, derricks, hoists, hooks,
Forthe convenience oftheuser,theStandardhas jacks, and slings is subject to certainhazardsthat
been divided into separate volumes: cannot be metby mechanical means butonly by the
exercise of intelligence, care, and common sense. It is
B30. I Jacks
thereforeessential to havepersonnelinvolved in the
830.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running
useandoperation of equipment who are competent,
Bridge, Single or MultipleGirder, Top
careful, physically and mentally qualified, andtrained
Running Trolley Hoist)
in the safe operation of the equipment and the handling
830.3 Construction Tower Cranes
of the loads. Serious hazards are overloading, dropping
B30.4 Portal, Tower, andPedestal Cranes
or slipping of the loadcaused by improper hitching
830.5 Mobile andLocomotive Cranes
or slinging, obstructing the free passage of the load,
B30.6 Derricks
andusingequipment for apurpose for which it was
830.7 BaseMountedDrumHoists
not intended or designed.
B30.8 Floating Cranes and Floating Derricks
The Standards Committee fully realizestheimpor-
B30.9 Slings tance of proper design factors, minimum or maximum
B30.10 Hooks sizes, and other limiting dimensions ofwire rope or
830.I I Monorails andUnderhungCranes chainandtheir fastenings, sheaves, sprockets, drums,
B30.12 Handling Loads Suspended From Rotorcraft
and similar equipment covered by the Standard, all of
B30. I3 StorageAtetrieval ( S R ) Machinesand which are closely connected withsafety. Sizes, strengths,
AssociatedEquipment
and similar criteria are dependent on many different
B30.14 Side Boom Tractors
factors, often varying with the installationanduses.
B30. I5 MobileHydraulic Cranes
These factors depend on the condition of the equipment
Note:B30.15-1973has been withdrawn.
or material; on the loads; onthe acceleration or speed
The revisionofB30.15isincluded in the
of the ropes, chains, sheaves, sprockets, or drums; on
latest edition of 830.5.
thetype of attachments; on thenumber, size, and
B30. I ' OverheadHoists (Underhung)
arrangement of sheaves or other parts; on environmental
B30. I Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running
conditions causing corrosion or wear;and onmany
Bridge, Single Girder, UnderhungHoist)
variablesthatmust be considered in each individual
B30. I Stacker Cranes (Top or UnderRunning
case. The rules givenin the Standard must be interpreted
Bridge,Multiple Girder With Top or
UnderRunningTrolley Hoist)
930. I Cableways
B30.20 Below-the-HookLiftingDevices ' B30.24 is in the developmental stage.
1
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ASME 630.21-1999 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
accordingly, and judgment used in determining their car or barge pullers, conveyors, excavating equipment,
application. or equipment coming within the scope of the following
Some of theprovisions of this Standardrequire Committees: AIO, A17,A90,A92,A120,B20, B56,
compliance with information found in manuals or other andB77.
documents supplied by the manufacturer with the equip-
ment. The informationincludesrecommendations, re- Section II: Purpose
quirements, and instructions (e.g., “the reevingshall
This Standard is designedto:
be checkedfor compliance withtherecommendations
(a) guard against and minimizeinjurytoworkers,
ofthe manufacturer”).
Compliance with the provisions should not preclude and otherwise provide for the protection of life, limb,
thepossibility of consulting a qualifiedperson. This andproperty by prescribingsafetyrequirements;
is trueparticularlywhen:the equipment has
been ( b ) provide direction to owners, employers, supervi-
altered, repaired, or modified; the manualsor documents sors, and others concerned with, or responsible for, its
supplied bythe manufacturerare no longer available; application; and
or themanufacturer or a successor isnolonger in (c) guide governments and other regulatorybodies
businessandthemanualsare no longer available. in the development, promulgation, and enforcement of
However, the purpose of consulting a qualified person appropriate safetydirectives.
shallnot be to avoid conlacting themanufacturerand
usingtheinformationsupplied by themanufacturer. Section 111: Interpretations
The Standards Committee willbegladtoreceive Upon request, theB30 Committee willrenderan
criticisms of this Standard’s requirementsand sugges- interpretation of any requirement of the Standard. Inter-
tions for itsimprovement, especially thosebasedon pretations can only be rendered in response to a written
actual experience in application of the rules. requestsent to theSecretary oftheB30 Committee,
Suggestions for changes to theStandardshould be ASME, Three ParkAvenue, New York, NY 10016-
submitted totheSecretary oftheB30 Committee, 5990.
ASME, Three ParkAvenue, New York, NY 10016- The request for interpretationshould be clear and
5990, and should be in accordance withthe following unambiguous. It isfurther recommended that theinquirer
format: submit his requestutilizingthe following format.
(u) cite thespecificparagraphdesignation of the
pertinent volume; Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph numbefls)
(6) indicate the suggested change (addition, deletion, andprovide a concise description.
revision, etc.);
(c) brieflystatethereason andor evidence for the Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the pertinent
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suggested change; volume for which the interpretation is being
(d) submit suggested changes to more than one para- requested.
graph in the order thattheparagraphs appear in the Question: Phrasethequestion as a request for an
volume. interpretation of a specific requirementsuit-
The B30Committee will consider each suggested able for general understanding and use, not
change in a timelymannerinaccordancewith its as a request for approval of a proprietary
procedures. design or situation. The inquirer may also
include any plans or drawings that are
Section I: Scope necessary to explain the question; however,
they shouldnotcontainaqyproprietary
This Standard applies to the construction, installation,
names or information.
operation, inspection, and maintenance of jacks; power-
operated cranes, monorails, and crane runways; power- Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten
operated andmanuallyoperated derricks andhoists; in this format by the Committeeprior to being answered,
lifting devices, hooks,and slings; and cableways. which could change the intent ofthe original request.
This Standard does not apply to track and automotive ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any
jacks, railway or automobile wrecking cranes, shipboard interpretation when or if additional information, which
cranes, shipboard cargo-handling equipment, well-drill- might affect an interpretation, is available. Further,
ing derricks, skip hoists, mine hoists, truck body hoists, personsaggrieved byan interpretation may appeal to

MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME B30.21-1999
the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. It is notthe intent of thisvolumetorequire.retrofitting . ..
ASME does not“approve,”“certify,”“rate,” or ‘‘en- of existing equipment. However, when an item is being
dorse” anyitem,constntction,proprietarydevice, or modified, its performance requirement shallbe reviewed
activity. relative to the current volume. If the performance differs
substantially, the need to meet the current requirement
Section IV: New andExistingInstallations shall be evaluated by a qualifiedpersonselected by
the owner (user). Recommended changes shall be made
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(a) Efective Date. The effective date of this volume by theowner(user) within oneyear.
for the purposeof defining new and existing installations
shall be one year afterits date of issuance. Section V: Mandatory andAdvisory Rules
(b) New Installations. Construction, installation, in-
spection, testing, maintenance, and operation of equip- Mandatory rules of this volume are characterized by
mentmanufacturedandfacilitiesconstructedafterthe use of the word shall. If a provision is ofan advisory
effective date of thisvolumeshallconform with the nature, it is indicated by useoftheword should and
mandatory requirements ofthisvolume. is a recommendation to be considered, the advisability
(c) Existing Installations. Inspection, testing, mainte-
ofwhich depends on thefacts in each situation.
nance,andoperation of equipment manufacturedand
Section VI: Metric Conversions
Facilities constructed prior to the effective date of this
volume shall be done, as applicable, in accordance with The values stated in U.S. Customary units are to be
the requirements of thisvolume. regardedasthestandard.

MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME 830.21-1999
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
Chapter 21-0
Scope, Definitions, and References
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Section21-0.1:Scope of B30.21 brake: a device for retardingandstoppingmotionof

theload (see load controlling mechanism).
Within the general scope defined in Section 1, B30.21
applies to manually lever operated hoists utilizing chain chain, load: the load-bearing chain in a hoist.
(see Fig. I), wirerope (see Fig. 2). andweb strap
(see Fig. 3) for thepurposeof lifting, pulling,and chain, roller: a series of alternately assembled roller
tensioning applications, comprising hoists of the follow- links andpin links in whichthepins articulate inside
ingtypes: the bushingsand the rollers are free to turn on the
(a) ratchetand pawl operation; and bushings. Pins and bushings are press fit in their
respective link plates (see Fig. 5). Rollerless chain may
(b) friction brake operation.
be provided on some equipment.
Lever operated hoistsof other typesthanthose
detailed in this volume shall be used only in accordance chain, rollerless: a series of alternately assembled
withrecommendationsofthehoistmanufacturer. rollerlinks andpin links inwhich the pins articulate
Hoists used for lifting personnel require special con- inside the bushings with rollerson the bushings omitted.
siderations and are not includedin this volume.Specially Pins and bushings are press fitin their respective link
insulated hoists used for handling electrically energized plates.
powerlinesrequirespecial considerations and are not
included in this volume. chain,weldedlink: a chain consisting of a series of
interwovenlinksformedandwelded (see Fig. 5).
Section21-0.2:Definitions designated person: a personselected or assigned by
the employer or the employer’s representative as being
abnormal operating conditions: environmental condi- competenttoperformspecific duties.
tions thatareunfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to
or for theoperation of a hoist,such as excessively drum: the cylindrical memberaroundwhich the wire
high or low ambient temperatures, exposure to weather, ropeorweb strap iswound for liftingandlowering
conosive fumes, dust laden or moistureladen atmo- theload.
spheres, andhazardous locations.
exposed: applies to hazardous objects not guarded or
administrative or regulatory authoriv: governmental isolated (capable of being contacted inadvertently).
agency or the employer in the absence of governmental
friction brake: see load controllingmechanism.
jurisdiction.
guide, chain: a means to guide the loadchain at the
ambient femperarure: thetemperature of theatmo-
loadsprocket.
sphere surrounding the hoist.
guide, webstrap: a means to guide theweb strap at
appointed: assigned specific responsibilities by the
theload sprocket (drum) (see Fig. 6).
employer or the employer’s representative.
guide, wire rope: a meansto guide thewirerope at
block, load: theassembly ofhook or shackle, swivel,
theloadsprocket (drum) [see Fig. 7, sketch (b)].
bearings, sheaves, sprockets, pins, and frame suspended
by theload chain, wire rope, or web strap. This shall hazardous (classified) locations: locationswherefire
include any appurtenances reeved in the load chain, or explosion hazards may exist. Locations are classified
wire rope, or web strap (see Fig. 4). according to thepropertiesoftheflammablevapors,
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STD*ASME BSO=Zl-ENGL
ASME B30.21-1999 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
liquids, gases, or combustible dust or fibersthat may overtravel restraint: a device used to prevent the slack
bepresent,andthelikelihoodthat a flammable or loadchainfrominadvertentlybeinglowered past the
combustible concentration or quantity is present(see load sprocket (seeFig. 8).
ANSVNFPA 70).
parts (lines): number of lines of chain, wire rope, or
headroom (closed height): the distance betweenthe web strap supporting the load block or hook (see Fig. 4).
saddle of the suspensionhookandthe saddle ofthe
loadhookwhentheloadblockisinits fully retracted pawl: a device for holding
the
machinery against
position (upper limit of travel) (see Fig. 4). undesiredrotation by engaging a ratchet [see Fig. 7,
sketch (b)].
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hoist, lever operated: a leveroperatedmanual device

used to lift, lower, or pull a loadandtoapply or qual$ed person: a personwho,bypossessionof a
release tension. recognized degree in an applicable field, or certificate of
professional standing, or who, by extensive knowledge,
hook latch: a mechanical device tobridgethethroat training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated
opening of a hook. the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the
subject matter andwork.
lift: themaximum distance throughwhichtheload
hookcantravel(seeFig. 4). ratchet: a toothedmember for engagement withthe
lifting devices: devices thatarenotnormallyreeved pawl [see Fig. 7, sketch (b)].
onto the hoist chain, wire rope, or web strap, such as reeving: a system in whichthe chain, wire rope, or
grabs, and other supplemental devices used for ease web strap travels around sprockets (drums) and sheaves
of handling certain types of loads. The weight of these (see Fig. 4).
devices is to be considered part of the load to be lifted.
rope: refers to wireropeunless otherwise specified.
loud: the total superimposed weight on theloadblock
or hook. service, heavy: service thatinvolves operation within
theratedloadlimit,which exceeds normal service.
load, rated: themaximumload for which a hoistis
designated bythemanufacturer. service, normal: distributed service that involves oper-
ationwithrandomlydistributedloadswithintherated
load controlling mechanism: a mechanismthat func-
load limit, or uniformloadslessthan 65% of rated
tions automatically toholdandcontroltheload. In
load for not morethan15%ofthetime.
eachofthefollowinggeneraltypes, a reciprocating
force must be applied to the hoist leverto lower the load. service, severe: service thatinvolvesnormal or heavy
friction brake type: an automatic type of brake used service withabnormal operating conditions.
for holdingand controlling loads. This unidirectional
device requires a force appliedtothe operating lever shall: thiswordindicatesthattheruleismandatory
to lower the load, but does not impose additional lever andmustbe followed.
pullwhenliftingtheload [see Fig. 7, sketch (a)]. sheave: a groovedwheel or pulleyusedwith a rope
ratchet andpawl type: a load controlling mechanism or chainto change directionandpointof application
consisting of interlockingpawl(s) and ratchetthatact of a pulling force.
toholdtheload by mechanical engagement [see Fig.
7, sketch (b)]. should: thiswordindicatesthattheruleis a recom-
mendation,theadvisabilityofwhich depends onthe
loadhook: the
hook
used to connect theloadto
facts in each situation.
the hoist.
side pull: any force or operating condition that restricts
normal operating conditions: conditions duringwhich
theload block, chain, wirerope, or web strap, and
a hoist is performing functions within the scope of the
hoist body from forminga straight line with the direction
original design.
of loading.
operating lever: thelever or handleprovidedto oper-
sprocket, idler: a freelyrotating device that changes
ate thehoist.
the direction of the load chain, wire rope, or web strap
overload: anyload greater thantheratedload. (seeFig. 4).

STD-ASME B30=21-ENGL L999 D 0759b7U ObLLL92 788 m
sprocket, loud: a hoistcomponentthattransmits mo- the American National Standards Institute may also be
tion to theloadchain,wire rope, or web strap. This obtainedfromtheAmericanNational Standards Insti-
component is sometimes calledtheloadwheel,load tute, Inc., l l West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.
sheave, pocket wheel, chain wheel, or drum (see Fig. 9). ASMEB29.24M-1989, Roller Load Chains for Over-
strap, web: a fabricwoven of hightenacitysynthetic headHoists
yams (seeFig. 6). ASMEB30.10-1993,Hooks
ASME HST-3" I99 1, Performance Standard for Manu-
srripper: a device that aids theloadchaininleaving allyLeverOperatedChainHoists
theloadsprocket. Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engi-
unattended: a condition in whichthe operator of a neers(ASMEInternational), Three ParkAvenue,
hoist is not at the operating lever. If the hoist is within NewYork, NY 10016-5990
an unobstructed distance of 26 ft (8.0 m) and within ANSIMFPA 70- 1993, National Electrical Code
sight ofthe operator,thehoistshould be considered Publisher: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA),
attended. 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269
ANSI 2535.1-1991, Safety Color Code
Section 21-0.3: References ANSI 2535.3-1991, Criteria for Safety Symbols
Withinthetext,referenceismadetothe following ANSI 2535.4-199 1, ProductSafety Signs andLabels
publications, copies of which maybe obtainedfrom Publisher: National Electrical ManufacturersAssociation
the publishers as indicated. Copies of the standards of (NEMA), 1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209
--```,,`,``,,```,``,``,`,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

STDOASME B30.21-ENGL 1999 W 075qb78 ObL.bL93bLq m
ASME B30.21-1999 HOISTS OPERATED

MANUALLY LEVER
FIG. 1 MANUALLY LEVEROPERATED HOIST - CHAIN TYPE
8
--```,,`,``,,```,``,``,`,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME B30.21-1999
FIG. 2 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOIST - WIREROPE
--```,,`,``,,```,``,``,`,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
FIG. 3 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOIST - WEB STRAP

I
U
a
O
IO
--```,,`,``,,```,``,``,`,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

STD*ASME B30-ZL-ENGL 1999 M 0759b70 O b l b l S b 323 m
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS

--```,,`,``,,```,``,``,`,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- ASME B30.21-1999
(a) Roller Type Ib) Welded Link Type
FIG. 5 LOADCHAIN
(99) FIG. 6 GUIDEANDLOADSPROCKET-STRAP
II

Drive
I
Guide
(al Friction Brake Type
FIG. 7 LOADCONTROLLING MECHANISM
f
--```,,`,``,,```,``,``,`,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
la) Link ChainPocket Type
Riw Type Type

Ball lb) Roller ChainTooth Type
FIG. 8 OVERTRAVELRESTRAINT FIG. 9 LOADSPROCKETS
12

STDmASME B30*22-ENGL 1999 D 0 7 5 9 b 7 0 O b L b L 9 8 L T b m
Chapter 21-1
Manually Lever Operated Hoists - Chain Type
Section21-1.1: Marking andConstruction ultimate material strength. Elements specifically

in-
tendedtogivevisiblewarning of severe overload by
21-1.1.1 Marking permanent deformation while operating the hoist should
( a ) Rated Load. The ratedload ofthehoistshall be designed to show obvious deformation before failure
be markedonthehoist or loadblock. of other load suspensionparts.
(6) Controls. Controls shall be identified to indicate (3) Modifications to upgrade, rerate, or modernize
function or direction ofmotion. hoistequipmentshall be as authorized only bythe
( c ) Identification. The hoistshall bemarkedwith originalequipmentmanufacturer or qualifiedperson.
identificationinformation as follows: ( b ) LoadSprockets (see Fig. 9)
( I ) nameofmanufacturer; (I) Load sprockets shall have pockets or teeth to
(2) manufacturer’smodel or serialnumber. allowengagement of theload chain.
(d) SafetyInformation (2) Loadsprocketsshall be guarded.
(I) Manuallyleveroperatedhoistsshall have ( 3 ) Provision shall be made to guard against jam-
safety information affixed to the hoist or the load block. mingoftheloadchainwithinthehoistmechanism,
( a ) The format shall be in accordance with undernormaloperating conditions.
ANSI 2535.1, ANSI 2535.3, and ANSI 2535.4. ( c ) LoadChain (seeFig. 5 )
(b) A signal word, such as “WARNING,” shall (I) Load chain may be either roller or welded-
be included to bringtheinformation to theattention link type.Chainshall be pitched (calibrated) so as to
ofthe operator. passoverallsprocketswithout binding.
( c ) Cautionary language against the following ( 2 ) Rollerloadchainshall comply with ASME
items shall be included: B29.24M.
( I ) lifting more thantherated load; (3) Theloadchainshall be prooftested by the
(2) operating thehoist when it isrestricted chain or hoist manufacturer with a load at least equiva-
from forming a straight linewiththedirectionof lent to 1 ‘/2 times the hoist’s rated load divided by the
loading; number of chainparts supporting theload.
( 4 ) If a load is supported by morethan one part
( 3 ) operating the hoist with a twisted, kinked,
or damaged chain; of load chain, the tension on the parts shallbe equalized.
( d ) Hooks. If hooks are of the swiveling type, they
(4) operating a damaged or malfunctioning
hoist; shouldrotatefreely(seeFig. IO). Hooks shall be
equipped with latches unless the use of the latch creates
(5) lifting people;
a hazardousconditionwhereit interferes withtheuse
(6) lifting loads over people; ofthehook.Whenrequired, a latchshall be provided
(7) operating a hoistwithlever extension; to bridge the throat opening of the hook for the purpose
(8) removing or obscuring the warning label. of retaining slings, chains, etc., under slack conditions
(seeASME B30.10).
21-1.1.2Construction ( e ) LoadBlocks. Meansshall be provided to guard
( a ) MechanicalDesign againstloadchain jamming in theloadblockunder
(1) The hoist and appurtenances shall be designed normaloperating conditions.
to withstand all stresses imposed under normaloperating (f,Load Controlling Mechanism. The hoist shall be
conditions whilehandlingloadswithintheratedload. equippedwith a load controlling mechanism,which
(2) Load-bearingpartsofleveroperatedhoists shallperformthefollowing functions undernormal
shall be designed so thatthe static stress, calculated operating conditions withtestloads up to 125% of
for the rated load, shall not exceed 25% of the average ratedload.
13
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ASME 830.21-1999 OPERATED
MANUALLY LEVER HOISTS
Section21-1.2:Inspection
21-1.2.1InspectionClassification
( a ) InitialInspection. Prior toinitialuse,allnew,
altered, or modifiedhoistsshallbe inspected by a
designated person to verify compliance with the applica-
ble provisions ofthisvolume.
(b) Inspection Intervals. Inspectionprocedure for
hoists in regular service is divided into two general
classifications based upon the intervals at which inspec-
tionshould be performed. The intervals in turn are
dependent upon the nature ofthe critical components
Hook
of the hoist and the degree of their exposure to wear,
deterioration, or malfunction. The two general classifi-
cations are herein designated as frequent and periodic,
with respective intervals between inspections as defined
below.
( I ) FrequentInspection. Visual examinations by
the operator or other designated personnel with records
notrequired.
FIG. 10 SWIVEL TYPE HOOK ( a ) normal service - monthly;
( b ) heavyservice - weekly to monthly;
( c ) severe service - dailytoweekly;
( I ) Stop andholdtheloadwhentheleverforce ( d ) special or infrequentservice - as recom-
isremovedandthelever stroke is completed. mended by a qualifiedpersonbeforeand after each
(2) Provide for incremental movement of the load occurrence.
when lifting or lowering. (2) Periodic Inspection. Visualinspection by a
( 3 ) Friction brake mechanism shall have provision designated person who makes records of apparent exter-
for adjustment where necessary to compensate for wear. nal conditions toprovidethebasis for a continuing
(g) Overtravel Restraint. (See Fig. 8.) Beforethe evaluation. An external coded mark on the hoist is an
loadchaincan be completely run out ofthehoist, it acceptable identification in lieu of records. (A metal
shall be restrained in its fully extendedposition. The stamp mark shall not be made in a highly stressed area.)
restraint shall be suchthattheunloadedhoistcan ( a ) normal service - yearly;
withstand a lowering operating lever force of twice the
--```,,`,``,,```,``,``,`,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(6) heavy service - semiannually. If external

force requiredto lift theratedload, or thehoist with conditions indicate,disassemblyshouldbe done to
rated load can withstanda lowering operating lever force permit detailed inspection.
equivalent to theforcerequired to lift the ratedload. ( c ) severe service -quarterly. If external condi-
(h) Convertible b a d Rating. On hoists with a con- tions indicate, disassemblyshould be done to permit
vertible load rating feature, the rated load is converted detailed inspection.
by changing the number of parts (lines) of load chain ( d ) special or infrequentservice - as recom-
supporting the load (see Fig. 4).This conversion shall mended by a qualifiedpersonbeforethefirstsuch
be accomplished as recommended by the manufacturer Occurrenceand as directed by the qualified person for
without the useof additional components thatare not any subsequent occurrences.
furnished withthehoist.
(i) Lubrication. If lubrication is required, accessible 21-1.2.2 Frequent Inspection. (See also Table l.)
means for lubricationshould be provided. ( a ) Frequent inspections shall be performed at inter-
(i) Manual. Themanufacturershallfurnish an in- vals defined in para. 21- I .2. I(b)( 1) and shall include
struction manualwith each hoist. The manualshall observations during operation.
include information on thefollowing: (b) A designated personshall determine whether
( I ) operation; conditions foundduringthe .inspection constitute a
(2) inspectionand testing; hazardandwhether a moredetailedinspectionisre-
(3) lubrication,maintenance,andrepair. quired.
14

STS OPERATED
MANUALLY LEVER 830.21-1999 ASME
TABLE 1 MINIMUM INSPECTION FOR LEVER OPERATED HOISTS - CHAIN

ServiceSevereService
Normal
HeavyService
Visual Record Visual Record Visual Record
Monthly Vearly Weekly to Monthly Semiannufly Daily to Weekly Quarterly
[Note Item (111 [Note (211 [Note (111 [Note (311 [Note (111 [Note (311
Frequent lnrpection (see para.

21-1.2.2)
All functional mechanisms for

maladjustment interfering
with proper operation X ... X X
Hooks and latches for

deformation, chemical
damage, cracks, and wear
(see ASME 830.10) X X X ...
Hook latch operation, if used X X ... X ...

Load chain in accordance with
para. 21-1.2.2(d) X X X ...
Load chain reeving for
compliance with the
recommendations of the
hoist manufacturer or a
qualified person X ... ... ...
Lever for bends, cracks, etc. X ... ... ...
Hoist support for damage X ... ...
Periodic Inspection (see para.

21-1.2.3)
Requirements of frequent
inspection .. X ... X X
--```,,`,``,,```,``,``,`,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Evidence of loose bolts, nuts,

or rivets ... X ... X ... X
Evidence of worn, corroded,

cracked, or distorted parts
such as load blocks,
suspension housing, levers,
chain attachments, clevises,
yokes, suspension bolts,
shafts, gears, bearings, pins,
rollers, and locking and
clamping devices ... X ... X .. X
Evidence of damage to hook

retaining nuts or collars,
and pins and welds or rivets
used to secure the retaining
members ... X ... X ... X
(continued)

21-1999 ASME HOISTS OPERATED
MANUALLY LEVER
TABLE 1 MINIMUM INSPECTION FOR LEVER OPERATED HOISTS - CHAIN (CONT'D)

Normal
HeavyService
Monthly Yearly Weekly to Monthly Semiannually Daily to Weekly Quarterly
[Note Item (111 [Note (211 [Note 13)) [Note (311 [Note (111 [Note (311
~~ ~~ ~
Evidence of damage or
excessive wear of load
sprockets or idler sprockets ... X .. X ... X
Evidence of worn, glazed, or

oil contaminated friction
disks; worn pawls, cams, or
ratchet; corroded, stretched,
or broken pawl springs in
brake mechanism ... ... X
Safety information required by

para. 21-1.1.1(d) except as
provided in para.
21-1.4.2(d)(6) ... ... .. X
End connections of load chain,

including overtravel
restraints ... X ... X .. X
NOTES:
(1) By operators or other designated personnel with records not required.
(2) Visual inspection by a designated person making records of conditions to provide the basis for a continuing evaluation.
(3) As in Note (2) unless conditions indicate that disassembly should be done to permit detailed inspection.
(c) The followingitemsshall be inspected: allowinspection of components should be opened or

(/) operating mechanismsfor proper operation, removed for the inspection and then closed or replaced
proper adjustment, and for unusual sounds such as but beforerestoringthehoist to normaloperationunless
not limitedtobindingnoise ofthe chain, bearing further maintenanceis required.
squeal; (c) A designatedpersonshall determine whether
(2) hooks in accordance with ASME B30.10,Fre- conditions found during inspection constitute a hazard
quent Inspection; andwhetherdisassemblyis required.
--```,,`,``,,```,``,``,`,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(3) hooklatches, if used, for proper operation; (d) Thefollowing items shall be inspected:
(4) load chain in accordance with para. 21-1 S . 1 ( I ) theitemslisted in para. 21-1.2.2;
or 21-1.6.1; (2) fastenersfor evidence of loosening;
(5) loadchainreevingfor compliance withthe (3) load blocks, suspension housings, levers, chain
recommendations of the hoist manufacturer or a quali- attachments, clevises, yokes,suspensionbolts, shafts,
fied person; gears, bearings, pins, rollers, and locking and clamping
(6) hoistlever for bends, cracks, or other dam- devices for evidence ofwear, corrosion, cracks, and
age; and distortion;
(7) damage to thesupport for thehoist. ( 4 ) hook retaining nuts or collars, and pins; welds
or rivets used to secure theretainingmembers for
evidence of damage;
21-1.2.3 Periodic Inspection. (See also Table 1.) (5) load sprockets or idler sprockets for evidence
(a) Periodic inspections shall be performed at inter- of damageandwear;
valsdefined in para. 21-1.2.l(b)(2). These inspections (6) the brakemechanismon friction brakehoists
maybeperformedwiththehoistatitslocation,and for evidence of worn, glazed, or oil contaminated
do notrequirethehoistto be disassembled. friction disks; worn pawls, cams, or ratchets; corroded,
(b) Covers and otheritemsnormallysupplied to stretched, or brokenpawl springs;
16

(7) supporting structure or trolley, ifused, for (c) All test anchorages or suspensions shall be ap-
evidence of damage; proved by aqualifiedperson.
(8) safetyinformation,required by para. 21-
l . l. l(d), for legibility and replacement; Section 21-1.4: Maintenance
(9) end connections ofload chains for evidence
of wear, corrosion, cracks, damage, anddistortion in- 21-1.4.1Preventive Maintenance
cluding overtravelrestraints;and (a) Apreventivemaintenanceprogram should be
(IO) the hoist andhoistmounting for evidence of establishedandshould be:
missingitems. ( I ) based on the recommendations outlined in the
hoistmanufacturer’smanual;
21-1.2.4Hoists Not in RegularUse (2) reviewed by a qualified person for the applica-
(u) Ahoistthathas been idle for aperiod of one tionofthehoist,whenrequired.
month or more, but less than one year, shall begiven (b) Replacement parts shall be at least equal to the
an inspection conforming with the requirements of para. originalmanufacturer’sspecifications.
21- 1.2.2 before it isplaced in service.
(b) A hoistthathas been idle for aperiod of one 21-1.4.2AdjustmentsandRepairs
year shall be given an inspection conforming with the (a) Conditionsdisclosed by theinspections per-
requirenlents of para. 21-1.2.3 before it is placed in formed in accordance with the requirements of Section
service. 2 1-1.2 that are determinedtobeahazard during
continuedoperationshall be corrected by adjustment,
Section21-1.3:Testing repair, or replacementbefore continuing theuseof
thehoist.
21-1.3.1 Operational Tests. All new hoistsshall
(6) Adjustments, repairs, andreplacementsshall be
be tested by thehoistmanufacturer. All altered or
performedbydesignated personnel.
repaired hoists, or hoists that have not been used within
(c) Components shall be adjusted or repaired as
thepreceding 12 months,shallbetestedbeforebeing
placed in service by, or underthe direction of, a needed. The following are examples:
designated person to ensure compliance withthisvol- ( I ) operating mechanisms;
ume, including the following. (2) brakesandpawls.
(a) All functions of the hoist shall be checked with (di Repairs or replacements shall be made as needed.
the hoist suspended in the unloaded state. (Some hoists The following are examples:
may requireanominalload or pullontheloadhook ( I ) excessively worn braking components such as
to testthe lowering motion.) friction disks, ratchets, pawls,and pawl springs;
(b) Aftertesting in the unloaded state, aloadofat (2) critical parts, including load suspension compo-
least 1 0 0 lb (46 kg) times the numberof load-supporting nents,that are cracked, broken,bent, or excessively
partsofchainshall be applied to thehoist in order worn;
to checkproperload control. (3) bent, cracked, or otherwise damaged levers;
(4) worn, corroded, or otherwise damagedload
21-1.3.2LoadTest chain in accordance with paras. 21-1 S . 1 and 21-1.6.1;
(u) All new hoists shall be tested by the manufacturer (5) replace hooks showing conditions described in
withatestloadof at least 125% of theratedload. ASME B30.10. Repairs by welding or reshaping are
(b) All hoists in whichload sustaining partshave not permitted;
been altered, replaced, or repaired shall be tested stati- (6) missing or illegiblesafetyinformationla-
cally or dynamicallyby, or underthe direction of, an bels; and
appointedperson, and arecord of thetestshould be (7) itemsthatare determined to be missing.
made. The applied testloadshall be at leastequal to
the rated load or greater, as approved by the manufac- 21-1.4.3 Lubrication. All moving parts of the hoist
turer. The replacement of loadchain is specifically forwhichlubricationisspecifiedshould be regularly
excluded from this hoist load test; however, a functional lubricated. Care should be taken to follow manufactur-
test of thehoistshould be made in accordance with er’s recommendations as topointsandfrequencyof
para. 21- 1.3. I(a) prior to puttingthehoistback in lubrication,and quantity and types of lubricant to
service. be used.
17
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Section21-1.5:WeldedLinkChainInspection, ( e ) The chainshall be installedwithoutanytwist

Replacement, and betweenthehoistandananchoredendon either the
Maintenance loadside or slack side.
(f3 When chain is replaced, inspect the mating parts
21-1.5.1WeldedLinkChainInspection (sprockets, guides, stripper) for wearandreplace, if
(u) Test the hoist under load in lifting and lowering necessary.
directions and observe theoperation ofthechainand
(g) Load chain, discarded or new, shall not be used
sprockets. Thechainshouldfeedsmoothly into and
for slings.
awayfromthe sprockets.
( b ) If thechainbinds, jumps, or is noisy,first see
--```,,`,``,,```,``,``,`,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
that it is cleanandproperly lubricated. If the trouble 21-1.5.3WeldedLinkChainMaintenance
persists,inspectthechainandmatingparts for wear, ( a ) Load chainshould be keptclean and free from
distortion, or other damage. anycoating or deposit that willbuild up and change
(c) Examine visually for gouges, nicks, weld spatter, the dimensions oftheloadchain or reduceflexibility.
corrosion, anddistortedlinks. Slacken thechainand The cleaning processshallnot damage the chain, and
move the adjacent links to one side to inspect for wear anysolutionused in the cleaning processshall be
at the contact points. If wear is observed or if stretching acid-free.
is suspected, thechainshould be measured according (6) Load chain should be lubricated as specified by
to thehoistmanufacturer’sinstructions. If instructions thehoistmanufacturer or by a qualifiedperson.
are not available, proceed as follows.
( I ) Select anunworn,unstretchedlengthof the
chain (e.g., at theslack end). Section21-1.6:RollerChainInspection,
(2) Suspend the chain vertically under tension and, Replacement, and
using a caliper-type gage, measurethe outside length Maintenance
of any convenient numberoflinks approximately 12
in. (305 mm) to24 in. (610 mm) overall. 21-1.6.1RollerChainInspection
(3) Measure the same number of links in the used ( a ) Test the hoist under load in lifting and lowering
sections and calculate the percentage increase in length. directions and observe theoperation of the chain and
sprockets. The chainshouldfeedsmoothlyintoand
21-1.5.2WeldedLinkChainReplacement awayfromthe sprockets.
( a ) If the used chain exceeds the hoist manufacturer’s (6) If thechainbinds, jumps, or isnoisy,first see
recommended length (or in the absence of such recom- that it is clean and properly lubricated. If the trouble
mendation, if the used chainis21/,%longerthanthe persists, inspectthe chain in accordance with paras.
unused chain), replacethe chain. Repairing ofload 2l-l.6.l(c) and21-1.6.1(d)and inspect matingparts
chain by welding or any other meansshall notbe for wear distortion or other damage.
attempted by anyone other than the chain manufacturer. (c) Rollerchainshouldfirst be inspectedwhile it
(b) The existence of gouges, nicks, corrosion, weld is in thehoist.Withthehoistsuspended in normal
spatter, or distorted links is sufficient reason for ques- position,apply a lightloadof approximately 100 lb
tioning chain safety and considering chain replacement. (46 kg).
Safety in thisrespect depends largely upon the useof (I) Check chain for elongation following the hoist
good judgment by anappointed or designatedperson manufacturer’sinstruction. In absence ofspecific in-
in evaluating the degree of deficiency. structions, thechaincan be checked by determining
(c) Replacement chain shall be the same size, grade, thenormalpitchandmeasuring a 12in. (305 mm)
and construction as the original chain furnished by the section of chainthatnormally travels over theload
hoistmanufacturer,unless otherwise recommended by sprocket. Usinga caliper-type gage, check the dimension
the hoist manufacturerdue to actual working conditions. fromthe edge of one chainpin to the corresponding
(d) Load chainlinksthatpass over thehoistload edge of another pin for the number of pitches per foot.
sprocket on edge (as opposed to thosethatlie flat in If elongation exceeds v‘
in. (6.3 mm) in 12 in. (305
thepockets)shall be installed withtheweldsaway mm) the chain shall be replaced. For example, a in. ’4
from the center of the sprocket. This precaution isnot (I9 mm) pitch chainshouldmeasure12in. (305 mm)
required on idler sprockets that change the direction over 16 pitches. Chain shall be rejected if measurement
butnotthetension in the chain. over I6 pitches exceeds 121/4 in. (3 I 1 mm).
18

(2) Checkchain for twist. The chainshall be ensure thatall joints are free from grit andforeign
replaced if thetwist in any 5 ft (1.52 m) section matter.
exceeds 15 deg. ( b ) Roller chains should be lubricated in accordance
(3) Check for straightness in planeperpendicular with hoist manufacturer’s recommendations. In absence
to plane of rollers. A chain that has a bow exceeding of specificlubricationinstructions,the chains should
d!? in. (6.3 mm) in any 5 ft (1.52 m) sectionshall be be lubricatedwith a good grade of automotive motor
replaced. . oil SAE grades 20 or 30. Neverapply grease to the
(d) Additionalinspectionofthechainshould be chain.
made by removingchainfromhoist and cleaning it
thoroughly in anacid-free solvent. A checkshould
then be made for anyof the followingdeficiencies: Section21-1.7:Operation
( I ) pins turnedfrom their originalposition;
(2) rollers that do notrun freely with light finger 21-1.7.1 Hoisting Practices for Operators. Safe
pressure; operation of a leverhoistinvolvesmorethan pulling
(3) joints that cannot beflexed by easy hand on thelever.Referto the B30 Introduction,which
pressure; emphasizes thattheuseofhoists is subject to certain
(4) side plates that are spread open (a visual check hazardsthat cannot be met by mechanicalmeans,but
of the pinheadextension at thedamaged area, as only by the exercise of intelligence, care, common
compared to the pin extension at the free endof the sense, and experience in anticipating themotionsthat
chain, can determine the amount of spreadandthe will occur as a result of operating the controls.
condition of the chain);
( 5 ) corrosion, pitting, or discoloration of chain 21-1.7.2 Before OperatingHoist
(generally indicative of serious impairment);
( a ) The supporting structure or anchoring means
(6) gouges, nicks, or weld spatter. shall have a load rating at least equal to that of the hoist.
21-1.6.2RollerChainReplacement (b) The operator shall be familiar with all operating
(a) Roller chain shallbereplaced if anyofthe controls of the hoist, and shall be instructed as to
conditions exist as stated in paras. 2 I - I .6.1(c) and 2 1- warnings on thehoist,thehoistingpracticeslisted in
1.6.1(d). this section, andthe operator’s manualprovided by
(b) Repairing of roller chain by welding or heating thehoistmanufacturer.
shallnotbeattempted. ( c ) If adjustments or repairs are necessary, or any
( c ) Replacement chain shall be the same size, grade, defectsareknown,theoperatorshallreportthis
and construction as the original chain furnished by the promptlytotheappointedperson.
hoistmanufacturerunless otherwise recommended by (d) Hoistsshall beused only in locations thatwill
the hoist manufacturerdue to actual working conditions. allowthe operator to be free oftheload.
(d) When chain is replaced, disassemble and inspect ( e ) The operator shall have firm footing or otherwise
thematingparts (sprockets, guides, stripper) for wear be securedbefore operating thehoist.
and replace, if necessary. (f) Theoperatorshallhaveaccess to theop-
(e) Whenchain is replaced, it should bereeved in erating lever.
therecommendedmannerandshould operate freely ( g ) The operator shall not operate a hoist that bears
over allloadand idler sprockets. All connectinglinks an out-of-order sign.
and chain end fastenings should be inspected and ( h ) The operator shall not adjust or repair a hoist
properly secured. Hoist manufacturer’s recommenda- unlessqualifiedtoperformmaintenance onthe hoist.
tions should be followed on the selection and installation
( i ) The chainshall notbeused as a ground for
of connecting links.
welding.
@J Roller chains, discarded or new,shall notbe
( j ) A welding electrode shall not be touched to the
used for slings.
chain or anyotherpart of thehoist.
21-1.6.3RollerChain Maintenance ( k ) Hoistsshall notbe operated by otherthan hand
( a ) Roller chains should be kept clean and free from power of one operator.
rust.Excessivelydirty chains should be soaked in a ( I ) Hoistsshall notbe operated withan extension
clean acid-free solvent. Chains should be agitatedto on thelever.
19
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21-1.7.3Handling the Load untiltheratchetandpawlisengagedandthe lever is

(u) The hoistchainshall notbewrappedaround atrest.
theload. (1) The operator shall not engage in any activity
that will divert the operator’s attention while operating
(6) The loadshall be attachedtotheloadhook by thehoist.
suitable means. (m) The operator shall not apply a load to the hoist
(c) The sling or other device shall be properly seated untilthe operator andall other personnel are clear of
in thebase (bowl) ofthehook.Hooklatchshallnot theload.
be allowed to support anypartoftheload. (n) The operator shall make sure a load clears obsta-
(d) The loadshallnot be appliedtothepoint of cles beforemoving.
the hook. ( o ) A loadshall notbemovedmorethan a few
inches until it iswellbalanced in the sling or lifting
( e ) Before applying theload,the operator shall be
device.
sure theloadchainisnotkinked or twisted or that ( P ) When starting to lift or pull, the load should be
multiple parts,of thechainare not twistedabout moved a fewinches at whichtimethehoistshould
each other. be checked for proper load holding action.The operation
(f) The hoistshall notbe operatedunlesschain is shall be continued only after the operator is assured
seated properlyonthesprockets. thatthehoist is operating properly.
(g) The operator shall. not apply a loadbeyondthe (9) Hoistsshallnot beused to lift, support, or
rated load appearing on the hoist or load block, except otherwise transport people.
during properly authorized tests. ( r ) The operator shouldavoidcarryingloads over
people.
(h) Hoists shall not be operated until the load block, ( S ) The operator should not leave a loadedhoist
chain, andhoist body aredirectly in linewith the unattended unless specific precautions have been insti-
direction of loadingtoavoid side pull. tutedand are in place.
( i ) The hoist body or frameshall not bear against ( t ) Care shall be exercised when removing a sling
any object or the supporting structure. fromunder a landedandblockedload.
( j ) Specific attentionshould be giventobalancing 21-1.7.4Performance. Thisvolumeincludes
of the load and hitching or slinging to prevent slipping safety considerations relative to operation of lever oper-
oftheload. ated chain hoists. See ASMEHST-3M for operational
(k) The operator shall not releasethehoistlever performance characteristics.
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20

Chapter 21-2
Manually Lever Operated Hoists - Wire Rope Type
Section21-2.1: Marking andConstruction ultimate material strength. Elementsspecifically in-

tended to givevisiblewarningof severe overload
21-2.1.1 Marking bypermanentdeformation while operatingthe hoist
(a) Rated Load. The ratedloadofthehoistshall should be designed to show obvious defomation before
be markedonthehoist or loadblock. failure of other loadsuspensionparts.
( b ) Conrrols. Controls shall be identified to indicate (3) Modifications to upgrade, rerate, or modernize
function or direction of motion. hoistequipmentshall be as authorized only by the
( c ) Identificarim. The hoistshall be markedwith original equipment manufacturer or a qualified person.
identificationinformation as follows: (b) toad Sprockets (Drums) [see Fig. 7,sketch (b)]
( I ) nameofmanufacturer;and ( 1 ) Load sprockets should be guarded.
(2) manufacturer’s model or serial number. (2) Provisionshould be made to guard against
( d ) SafetyInformation jamming of the wire rope within the hoist mechanism
( I ) Manuallyleveroperatedhoistsshall have undernormal operating conditions.
safetyinformationaffixedtothehoist or loadblock. (c) Wire Rope
( a ) The formatshall be in accordancewith ( I ) Wire rope shall be of a construction specified
ANSI 2535.I , ANSI 2535.3, and ANSI 2535.4. by thehoistmanufacturer or by a qualifiedperson.
(b) A signal word, such as “WARNING,” shall (2) If a loadissupported by morethan one part
be included to bring the informationtotheattention of wire rope, the tension on the parts shall be equalized.
of the operator. (3) Socketing shall be done in the manner specified
(c) Cautionarylanguage against thefollowing by the manufacturer of the assembly or the rope manu-
items shallbeincluded: facturer.
( I ) liftingmorethantheratedload; ( 4 ) Eye splices shall be made in a manner recom-
(2) operating a hoistwhenitisrestricted mended by a qualifiedperson.Ropethimblesshould
fromforming a straightlinewiththe direction of be usedinthe eye.
loading; (5) Swaged or compressed fittings shall be applied
(3) operating a hoistwith a twisted, kinked, as recommended by the rope, hoist, or fitting manufac-
or damagedwire rope; turer.
(4) operating a damaged or malfunctioning (6) Wherever exposed to ambient temperatures at
hoist; therope in excess of 180°F (82”C), ropehavingan
( 5 ) liftingpeople;
independent wire-rope, wire-strand core, or other tem-
perature-damage-resistantcoreshall be used.
(6) liftingloads over people;
(7) The rope ends should be attached to the hoist
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(7) operating a hoist with lever extension; and

in a manner so as to prevent disengagement throughout
(8) removing or obscuring warninglabels.
rated hook travel. No less than two wraps of rope shall
remainontheanchorageofthe hoist load sprocket
(drum) when the hook is in its fully extended position.
21-2.1.2Construction (d) Hooks. (See Fig. 4.) If hooks are of the swiveling
( a ) Mechanical Design type, they should rotate freely. Hooks shall be equipped
( I ) The hoist and appurtenances shall be designed withlatchesunless the useofthelatch creates a
to withstand all stresses imposed under normal operating hazardousconditionwhere it interferes withtheuse
conditions whilehandlingloads within theratedload. of the hook. When required, a latchshallbeprovided
(2) Loadbearingpartsofleveroperatedhoists to bridge the throat opening of the hook for the purpose
shall bedesigned so thatthe static stress, calculated of retaining slings, chains, etc., under slack conditions.
for the rated load, shall not exceed 25% of the average Referto ASME B30.10.
21

Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=Unocal/5958404002 I
l
(e) Load Blocks. Means shall be provided to guard (a) normal service - monthly;
against wirerope jamming intheloadblockunder ( b ) heavy service - weeklytomonthly;
normaloperating conditions. (c) severe service - daily to weekly;
cfl Load Controlling Mechanism. The hoist shall be ( d ) special or infrequent service - as recom-
equippedwith a load controlling mechanism, which mended by a qualifiedpersonbeforeand after each
shallperformthefollowing functions undernormal occurrence.
operating conditions withtestloads up to 125%of (2) Periodic Inspection. Visualinspection by a
rated load. designated person who makes recordsof apparent exter-
( I ) Stop andholdtheloadwhenthelever force nal conditions toprovidethebasis for a continuing
isremovedand the lever stroke is completed. evaluation. An external coded mark on the hoist is an
(2) Provide for incremental movement of the load acceptable identification in lieuofrecords. .(A metal
when lifting or lowering. stamp mark shall not be made in a highly stressed area.)
(3) Friction brake mechanism shall have provision (a) normal service - yearly;
for adjustment where necessary to compensate for wear. ( b ) heavy service - semiannually. If external
(S) Convertible Load Rating. On hoists with a con- conditions indicate, disassemblyshould be done to
vertible load rating feature, the rated load is converted permit detailed inspection.
by changing thenumberofparts (lines) of wirerope (c) severe service -quarterly. If external condi-
supporting theload. This conversionshallbeaccom- tions indicate, disassemblyshould be done topermit
plished as recommended by themanufacturerwithout detailed inspection.
the use of additional components that are not furnished (d) special or infrequent service - as recom-
withthehoist. mended by a qualifiedpersonbeforethefirstsuch
(h) Lubrication. If lubrication is required, accessible occurrence and as directed by thequalifiedperson for
means for lubricationshould be provided. any subsequent occurrences.
( i ) Manual. Themanufacturershallfurnish an in- 21-2.2.2 Frequent Inspection.(See also Table 2.)
struction manualwitheachhoist. The manualshall ( a ) Frequent inspections shall be performed at inter-
includeinformation on thefollowing: valsdefined in para. 21-2.2.1(b)(1) andshall include
( I ) operation; observations during operation.
(2) inspectionand testing; (b) A designatedpersonshall determine whether
(3) lubrication,maintenance,andrepair. conditions found during theinspection constitute a
hazardandwhether a more detailed inspection is re-
quired.
Section21-2.2:Inspection (c) The followingitemsshall be inspected:
(1) operating mechanism for properoperation,
21-2.2.1 InspectionClassification proper adjustment, and for unusual sounds such as but
(a) InirialInspection. Prior to initialuse,allnew, not limited to bindingnoise of the wirerope,bearing
altered, or modifiedhoistsshallbeinspected by a squeal;
designated person to verifycompliance with the applica- (2) hooks in accordance with ASME B30.10,Fre-
bleprovisions of thisvolume. quent Inspection;
(b) InspectionIntervals. Inspectionprocedure for (3) hooklatches, if used, for proper operation;
hoists in regular service is divided into twogeneral (4) wire rope in accordance with para. 21-2.5. I(a);
classifications based upon the intervals at which inspec- (5) wireropereeving for compliance withhoist
tionshould be performed. The intervals in turn are manufacturer’s recommendations;
dependent uponthenatureofthe critical components (6) hoistlever for bends, cracks, or other dam-
of the hoist and the degree of their exposure to wear, age; and
deterioration, or malfunction. The two general classifi- (7) damage tothe support for the hoist.
with respective intervals between inspections as defined 21-2.2.3 Periodic Inspection. (See also Table 2.)
below. ( a ) Periodic inspections shall be performed at inter-
( I ) FrequentInspection. Visual examinations by valsdefined in para. 21-2.2.1(b)(2). These inspections
the operator or other designated personnel with records may be performedwith the hoist at its location, and
not required. do notrequirethehoistto be disassembled.
22
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MANUALLY
HOISTSLEVER OPERATED ASME B30.21-1999
TABLE 2 MINIMUM INSPECTION FOR LEVER

OPERATED HOISTS - WIRE
ROPE (99)
Normal
HeavyService Service ServiceSevere
Monthly Yearly Weekly to Monthly Semiannully Daily to Weekly Quarterly
[Note &em (111 [Note (211 [Note (111 [Note (311 [Note (111 [Note (311
Frequent Inspection (see para.

21-2.2.2)
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with proper operation X ... X X ...
(see ASME 830.10) X ... X ... X ...
Hook latch operation, if used X ... X ... X ...
Wire rope in accordance with
para. 21-2.5.1 X ... X X ...
Wire rope reeving for
compliance with the
recommendations of the
hoist manufacturer or a
qualified person X ... ...
Lever for bends, cracks, etc. X ... ... ...
Hoist support for damage X ... ...

21-2.2.3)
inspection ... X X ... X

or rivets X ... X ... X

wire rope attachments,
clevises, yokes, suspension
bolts, shafts, gears,
bearings, pins, rollers, and
locking and clamping
devices ... X X X

retaining nuts or collars, and
pins and welds or rivets
members ... X ... X ... X
(continued)
23

21-1999 ASME OPERATED
MANUALLY LEVER HOISTS
TABLE 2 MINIMUM INSPECTION FOR LEVER OPERATED HOISTS

~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~ ~
- WIRE ROPE (CONT'D)
Normal ServiceService
Severe
Service
Heavy
[Note Item (111 [Note (211 [Note 1311 [Note (311 [Note (111 [Note (311
sprockets ... X .. X ... X
Evidence of worn pawls,

cams, or ratchets; corroded,
stretched, or broken pawl
springs in brake mechanism ... X ... X ... X

provided in para.
21-2.4.2(d)(6) ... X ... X ... X
End connections of wire rope ... X ... X ... X
NOTES:
(1) By operators or other designated personnel with records not required.
(2) Visual inspection by a designated person making records of conditions to provide the basis for a continuing evaluation.
(3) As in Note (2)unless conditions indicate that disassembly should be done to permit detailed inspection.
(6) Covers and other itemsnormallysuppliedto (9) end connections of wire rope for evidence of
allowinspection of components should be opened or deterioration; and
removed. (IO) thehoistandhoistmounting for evidence of
( c ) A designatedpersonshall determine whether missingitems.
conditions found during inspection constitute a hazard
andwhetherdisassemblyisrequired. 21-2.2.4Hoists Not in Regular Use
(d) The followingitemsshall be inspected: (a) A hoistthathas been idle for a periodof one
( I ) theitemslisted in para. 21-2.2.2; month or more,butlessthan one year, shall be given
(2) fasteners for evidence of loosening; an inspection conforming with the requirements of para.
(3) load blocks, suspension housings, levers, chain 21-2.2.2 before it isplaced in service.
attachments, clevises, yokes,suspensionbolts, shafts, (b) A hoistthathasbeen idle for a periodof one
gears, bearings, pins, rollers, and locking and clamping year shall begivenaninspection conforming withthe
devices for evidence of wear, corrosion, cracks, and requirements of para. 21-2.2.3 beforeitisplaced in
distortion; service.
( 4 ) hook retaining nuts or collars, and pins; welds
or rivets used to secure theretainingmembers for
evidence of damage; Section21-2.3:Testing
(5) drums and sheaves for evidence of damage
andwear; 21-2.3.1 Operational Tests. All new hoists shall
(6) thebrakemechanism on frictionbrakehoists be tested by thehoistmanufacturer. All altered or
for evidence of worn, glazed, or oilcontaminated repaired hoists, or hoists that have not been used within
friction disks; worn pawls, cams, or ratchets; corroded, the preceding 12 months,shall be testedbeforebeing
stretched, or brokenpawl springs; placed in serviceby, or underthe direction of, a
(7) supporting structure or trolley, if used, for designatedpersonto ensure compliance withthisvol-
evidence of damage; ume,includingthe following:
(8) safetyinformation,required by para. 21- (a) All functions of the hoist shall be checked with
2.1.1(d) for legibility and replacement; thehoistsuspended in the unloaded state.
24
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STDDASME B30.2L-ENGL
OPERATED
MANUALLY LEVER HOISTS ASME 830.21-1999
(b) After testing in the unloaded state, aloadof at (2) critical parts, including load suspensioncompo-
least 1 0 0 lb (46 kg) times the number of loadsupporting nents,that are cracked, broken,bent, or excessively
parts of wire rope shall be applied to the hoist in order worn;
to check properload control. (3) bent, cracked, or otherwise damaged levers;
(4) worn, corroded, or otherwise damagedwire
21-2.3.2 Load Test rope in accordance withpara.21-2.5.2;
(a) All new hoists shall be tested by the manufacturer (5) replace hooks showing conditions described in
with a testloadof at least 125% of the ratedload. ASMEB30.10.Repairs by welding or reshaping are
(b) All hoists in whichload sustaining parts have not permitted;
been altered, replaced, or repaired shall be tested stati- (6) missing or illegiblesafetyinformationla-
cally or dynamically by, or under the direction of, an bels; and
appointedperson,andarecord ofthetestshouldbe (7) itemsthat are determined to be missing.
made. The appliedtestloadshall be at least equal to
the rated load or greater, as approved by the manufac- 21-2.4.3 Lubrication. All moving parts of the hoist
turer. The replacement of wirerope is specifically forwhichlubrication is specified should beregularly
excluded from this hoist load test; however, a functional lubricated. Care should be taken to follow manufactur-
testofthehoistshould be made in accordance with er’s recommendations as to pointsandfrequency of
para.21-2.3.1(a)prior to puttingthehoistback in lubrication, andquantityand types of lubricant to
service. be used.
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(c) All test anchorages or suspensions shallbe ap-
proved by aqualifiedperson. Section21-2.5:WireRopeInspection,
Replacement, and
Maintenance
Section21-2.4: Maintenance
21-2.5.1 Wire RopeInspection
21-2.4.1Preventive Maintenance (a) FrequentInspection
(a) Apreventivemaintenanceprogramshould be ( I ) All ropes should be visually inspected by the
established andshould be: operator or other designated person at the start of each
( I ) based on the recommendations outlined in the shift. These visual observations should be concerned
hoist manufacturer’s manual; with discovering gross damage that may be an immedi-
(2) reviewed by a qualified person for the applica- ate hazard,such as the following:
tion of thehoist, when required. (a) distortion of the rope such as kinking, crush-
(6) Replacementpartsshall be at least equal to the ing, unstranding, birdcaging, main strand displacement,
original manufacturer’sspecifications. or coreprotrusion;
( b ) general corrosion;
21-2.4.2AdjustmentsandRepairs ( c ) broken or cut strands;
( a ) Conditionsdisclosed by the inspections per- (d) number, distributions, and type of visible
formed in accordance with the requirements of Section brokenwires(seeparas. 21-2.5.2(b)(l) and (2) for
21-2.2that are determinedto be hazard
a during further guidance).
continued operationshall be corrected by adjustment, ( 2 ) Whensuchdamageis discovered, therope
repair, or replacementbeforecontinuingtheuse of shall either beremovedfrom service or given an
the hoist. inspection as detailed in para.21-2.5.1(b).
(b) Adjustments, repairs,andreplacementsshall be (b) Periodic Inspection
performed by designatedpersonnel. ( I ) The inspectionfrequencyshall be determined
( c ) Components shall be adjusted or repaired as by a qualified person and shall be based on such factors
needed. The followingareexamples: as expectedrope life as determined by experience on
( I ) operating mechanisms; the particular installationor similar installations; severity
( 2 ) brakes and pawls. of environment; percentage of capacity lifts; frequency
(d) Repairs or replacements shall be made as needed. rates of operation; and exposure to shock loads.
The following are examples: Inspectionsneednot be at equal calendar intervals
( I ) excessively worn braking components such as andshould be more frequent as the rope approaches
friction disks, ratchets,pawls, andpawl springs; theendofitsuseful life.
25

(2) Periodic inspections shall be performed byan (6) evidence ofheat damage for any cause;
appointed person. This inspection shall cover the entire (7) reductions from nominal diameter greater than
length of rope. The individual outer wires in the strands thoseshownbelow:
of theropeshall be visibletothisperson.
Maximum Allowable
Reduction From
21-2.5.2 Rope Replacement Rope Diameter Nominal Diameter
(u) No precise rules can be given for determination u p to Y16in. (8 mm) ?a in. (0.4 mm)
ofthe exact time for ropereplacement, since many Over YI6 in. to in. (13 mm) in. (0.8 mm)
variable factors are involved. Once a rope reaches any
one of the specified removal criteria, it may be allowed
(c) Broken wire removal criteria cited in this volume
to operate totheendofthework shift, based on the
judgment of a qualifiedperson.Theropeshall be applytowirerope operating on steel sheaves and
replaced after thatwork shift, attheendoftheday, drums. The user shall contact the sheave, drum or hoist
or at the latest time prior to the equipment being used
manufacturer, or a qualifiedperson, for brokenwire
by thenextwork shift. removal criteria for wireropes operating on sheaves
and drums madeofmaterial other than steel.
(b) Removal criteria forropereplacementshall be
as follows: ( d ) Attentionshall be given to end connections.
Upon development oftwobrokenwiresadjacentto a
( I ) in running ropes, 12 randomly distributed bro-
socketed end connection, the rope should be resocketed
ken wires in one lay or four broken wires in one strand
or replaced.Resocketingshall notbe attempted if the
in one lay;
resultingropelengthwill be insufficient for proper
(2) one outer wirebrokenatthe contact point
operation.
with the coreoftheropewhichhasworkedits way
outoftherope structure andprotrudes or loopsout (e) Replacementropeand connections shallhave a
strengthrating at least as great as theoriginalrope
fromtherope structure;
and connections furnished by the hoistmanufacturer.
(3) wear of one-third the original diameter of
Any deviation from the original size, grade, or construc-
outside individualwires;
tionshall be specified by a ropemanufacturer,the
(4) kinking, crushing, birdcaging, or any other
hoistmanufacturer, or a qualifiedperson.
damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure. Any
deterioration resulting in appreciable loss of original
strength, such as describedbelow,shall be noted,and 21-2.5.3 Wire Rope Maintenance
or
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determination shall bemade as to whether further use ( a ) Ropeshould be stored topreventdamage

of the ropewould constitute a hazard: deterioration.
(a) pointslisted in para. 2 1 - 2 5 I(a); (6) Unreeling or uncoiling of rope shall be done as
(b) reductionofrope diameter belownominal recommended by therope manufacturefls) andwith
diameter due to loss of core support, internal or external care toavoidkinking or inducing a twist.
corrosion, or wearof outside wires; (c) Before cutting rope, meansshall be usedto
(c) severelycorroded or brokenwires at end preventunlayingofthestrands.
connections; (d) During installation, care should be taken to avoid
(d) severely corroded, cracked, bent, worn, or dragging the rope in dirt or around objects thatwill
improperlyappliedend connections. scrape, nick, crush, or induce sharp bends.
(5) special care should betakenwheninspecting ( e ) Ropeshould be maintained in a well-lubricated
sections of rapid deterioration such as thefollowing: condition. Lubricant applied as partof a maintenance
(u) sections in contact with saddles, equalizer program shall be compatible with the original lubricant.
sheaves, or other sheaves where rope travel is limited; Lubricantappliedshall beof thetypethat does not
(6) sections of the rope at or near terminal ends hindervisual inspection. Those sections of rope that
where corroded or brokenwiresmayprotrude; arelocated over sheaves or otherwise hidden during
(c) sectionssubject to reversebends; inspectionandmaintenanceproceduresrequirespecial
( d ) sections ofropethat are normallyhidden attention when lubricatingrope. The object ofrope
during visualinspection,such as partspassing over lubrication is to reduce internal friction and to prevent
sheaves; corrosion.
26

Section 21-26: Operation in thebase (bowl) ofthehook.Hooklatchshallnot

be allowedtosupport anypart of theload.
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21-2.6.1 Hoisting Practices for Operators. Safe ( d ) The loadshall notbe applied to thepoint of
operationof a leverhoistinvolvesmorethanpulling thehook.
the lever. Refer to the B30 Introduction, which empha- (e) Before applying theload,the operator shall be
sizes that the use of hoists is subject to certain hazards sure thewireropeisnotkinked or twisted or that
that cannot be metby mechanical means, but only by multipleparts ofthewirerope are nottwisted about
the exercise of intelligence, care, commonsense, and each other.
experience in anticipating themotionsthat will occur
as a result of operating the controls. (fi Hoists shall not be operated until the load block,
wire rope, andhoistbody are directly in line withthe
direction of loadingtoavoid sidepull.
21-2.6.2BeforeOperatingHoist ( S ) Thehoist body or frameshall not bear against
(a) The supporting structure or anchoringmeans any object or thesupporting structure.
shall have a load rating at least equalto that of the hoist. ( h ) The operator shall not apply a loadbeyondthe
( 6 ) The operator shall be familiar with all operating rated load appearing on the hoist or load block, except
controls ofthehoist,andshallbeinstructed as to duringproperlyauthorizedtests.
warnings onthehoist,thehoistingpracticeslisted in (i) Specificattentionshould begiven to balancing
this Section, andtheoperator’smanualprovided by of the load and hitching or slinging to prevent slipping
thehoistmanufacturer. oftheload.
( c ) If adjustments or repairs are necessary, or any
( j ) The operator shall not release thehoistlever
defectsareknown,theoperatorshallreportthis until theratchet andpawl isengaged andtheleveris
promptly to theappointedperson. at rest.
( d ) Hoistsshall beused only in locationsthat will
( k ) The operator shall not engage in anyactivity
allow the operator to be free ofthe load.
that will divert the operator’s attention while operating
(e) The operator shall have firm footing or otherwise thehoist.
be securedbefore operating thehoist.
(1) The operator shall not apply a load to the hoist
I’JJ Theoperatorshallhaveaccesstotheop- until the operator and all other personnelare clear of
erating lever.
theload.
(8) The operator shall not operate a hoist that bears
( m ) The operator shall make sure a load clears obsta-
an out-of-order sign.
cles beforemoving.
( h ) The operator shall not adjust or repair a hoist
unlessqualifiedtoperformmaintenance on the hoist. ( n ) A loadshall notbemoved morethan a few
inches until it iswellbalanced in the sling or lifting
( i ) The wireropeshallnot be used as a ground
device.
forwelding.
( o ) When starting to lift or pull, the operator should
( j ) A welding electrode shall not be touched to the
movetheload a fewinchesandthencheck the hoist
wirerope or any other partofthehoist.
forproper load holding action. The operationshall be
( k ) Hoistsshall not be operated by other thanhand continuedonly after the operator isassuredthatthe
power of one operator. hoistis operating properly.
( I ) Hoistsshall notbe operated withan extension
(pl Hoist shall not be used to lift, support, or other-
on thelever.
wisetransportpeople.
(9) The operatorshouldavoid carrying loads over
21-2.6.3Handling the Load people.
(a) The hoist wire rope shall not be wrapped around ( r ) Theoperatorshould not leave a loadedhoist
theload. unattended unless specific precautions have been insti-
(b) The loadshall be attached totheloadhook by tutedandare in place.
suitable means. (S) Care shall be exercised when removing a sling
( c ) The sling or other device shall be properly seated fromunder a landedandblockedload.
37
il

Chapter 21-3
Manually Lever Operated Hoists - Web Strap Type
Section 21-3.1: Marking andConstruction permanent deformation while operating the hoist should
be designed to show obvious deformation before failure
21-3.1.1 Marking of other loadsuspensionparts.
(a) RatedLoad. The ratedloadofthehoistshall (3) Modifications to upgrade, rerate, or modernize
be markedonthehoist or loadblock. hoistequipmentshall be as authorizedonlybythe
(b) Controls. Controls shall be identified to indicate original equipment manufacturer or a qualified person.
function or direction ofmotion. (6) Load Sprocket (Drum). (See Fig. 6.) The load
(c) Identification. The hoistshall be markedwith sprocket (drum) shall be designedtoavoid jamming
identificationinformation as follows: oftheweb strap withinthehoistmechanismunder
( I ) name of manufacturer; and normal operating conditions.
(2) manufacturer’s model or serialnumber; (c) Web Strap
(d) SafetyInformation ( I ) The web strap should be nylon, polyester, or
--```,,`,``,,```,``,``,`,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
( I ) Manuallyleveroperatedhoistsshall have similar syntheticmaterial.

safety information affixed to the hoistor the load block. (2) If a load is supported bymorethan one part
(a) The format shallbe in accordance with of theweb strap, thetension o n the partsshall be
ANSI 2535.1, ANSI 2535.3, and ANSI 2535.4. equalized.
(6) A signal word, such as “WARNING,” shall (3) End terminations shall be done in the manner
be included to bringtheinformationtotheattention specified by themanufacturer of theassembly or the
of the operator. web strap manufacturer.
( c ) Cautionary language against thefollowing ( 4 ) Eyes shall be made in a manner recommended
items shall be included: by thehoistmanufacturer or a qualifiedperson.
( I ) lifting morethantheratedload; ( 5 ) Nylonandpolyesterweb straps shall not be
(2) operating a hoistwhen it isrestricted exposed to an ambient temperature in excess of 200°F
from forming a straight line with thedirection of (93°C).
loading; (6) Theweb strap shall be attached to thehoist
(3) operating a hoist with a twisted,kinked, in a manner to prevent disengagement throughout rated
or damaged web strap; hook travel. No less than two wraps of web strap shall
( 4 ) operating a damaged or malfunctioning remainon the hoistload sprocket (drum) whenthe
hoist; hookis extendedtoitsfullrated lift.
(5) liftingpeople; ( d ) Hooks. (See Fig. 4.) If hooks are of the swiveling
(6) lifting loads over people; type, they should rotate freely. Hooks shall be equipped
(7) operating a hoist with leverextension; and withlatchesunlesstheuse of thelatch creates a
(8) removing or obscuringwarninglabels. hazardousconditionwhere it interfereswiththe use
of the hook. When required, a latchshallbeprovided
21-3.1.2Construction to bridge the throat opening of the hook for the purpose
( a ) MechanicalDesign of retaining slings, chains, etc., under slack conditions.
( I ) The hoist and appurtenances shall be designed The latch is not intendedto support theload. See
to withstand all stresses imposed under normal operating ASME B30. IO.
conditions whilehandlingloadswithintherated load. ( e ) Load Blocks. Meansshallbeprovided to guard
(2) Loadbearingparts of leveroperatedhoists against web strap jamming in theloadblockunder
shall bedesigned so thatthe static stress, calculated normaloperating conditions.
for the rated load, shall not exceed 25% of the average (f, Load Controlling Mechanism. The hoist shall be
ultimate material strength. Elements specifically in- equippedwith a load controlling mechanism,which
tended to givevisiblewarning of severe overload by shallperform the following functions undernormal
29
Previous pageis blank

operating conditions and with test loads up to 125% (2) Periodic Inspection. Visualinspection by a
of ratedload. designated person who makes records of apparent exter-
( 1 ) Stop andholdtheloadwhen the leverforce nal conditions to providethebasis for a continuing
isremovedandthelever stroke is completed. evaluation. An external coded mark on the hoist is an
(2) Provide for incremental movement of the load acceptable indication in lieu of records. (A metal stamp
when lifting or lowering. markshall notbemade in a highly stressed area.)
(3) The friction brake mechanism shall have provi- (a) normal service - yearly;
sion for adjustment wherenecessary to compensate (b) heavy service - semiannually. If external
for wear. conditions indicate, disassembly should be done to
(g) Convertible LoadRating. On hoists with a con- permit detailed inspection.
vertible load rating feature, the rated load is converted (c) severe service -quarterly. If external condi-
by changingthe number ofparts (lines) ofweb strap tions indicate, disassemblyshouldbe done to permit
supporting theload. This conversionshall be accom- detailed inspection.
plished as recommended by themanufacturerwithout ( d ) special or infrequent service - as recom-
the use of additional components that are not furnished mended by a qualifiedpersonbeforethefirstsuch
withthehoist. occurrence and as directed by the qualified person for
(h) Lubrication. If lubrication is required, accessible any subsequent occurrences.
means for lubricationshould be provided.
( i ) Manual. The manufacturershallfurnishan in- 21-3.2.2 Frequent Inspection.(See also Table 3.)
structionmanualwith each hoist. The manualshall ( a ) Frequent inspections shall be performed at inter-
includeinformation on the following: valsdefined in para. 21-3.2.I(b)(l) andshall include
( 1 ) operation; observations during operation.
(2) inspectionand testing; ( b ) A designated personshall determine whether
(3) lubrication,maintenance,andrepair. conditions found during theinspection constitute a
hazardandwhether a more detailed inspectionisre-
Section 21 -3.2: Inspection quired.
(c) The following itemsshall be inspected:
21-3.2.1InspectionClassification ( I ) operating mechanisms for proper operation,
(a) InitialInspection. Prior toinitialuse, allnew, proper adjustment, and for unusual sounds such as but
altered, or modifiedhoistsshall be inspected by a not limited to binding noise of the web strap or bearing
designated person to verify compliance with the applica- squeal;
ble provisions ofthisvolume. (2) hooks in accordance with ASME B30.10,Fre-
(b) Inspection Intervals. The inspectionprocedure quent Inspection;
for hoists in regular service is divided into two general (3) hook latches, if used, for proper operation;
classifications based upon the intervals at which inspec- ( 4 ) web strap in accordancewithpara. 21-3.5.1;
tionshould be performed. The intervals in turn are
( 5 ) web strap reeving for compliance with the
dependent upon thenatureofthe critical components
recommendations of the hoist manufacturer or a quali-
of the hoist and the degree of their exposure to wear,
fied person;
deterioration, or malfunction. The two general classifi-
(6) hoistlever for bends, cracks, or other dam-
age; and
with respective intervals between inspections as defined
below. (7) damage tothesupport for thehoist.
( 1 ) Frequent Inspection. Visual examinations by
the operator or other designated personnel with records 21-3.2.3 Periodic Inspection. (See also Table 3.)
notrequired. ( a ) Periodic inspections shall be performed at inter-
(a) normal service - monthly; valsdefined in para. 21-3.2.l(b)(2). These inspections
(b) heavy service - weekly to monthly; may beperformedwiththehoist at its location, and
(c) severe service - dailytoweekly; do not require thehoisttobedisassembled.
( d ) special or infrequent service - as recom- ( 6 ) Covers andotheritemsnormally supplied to
mended by a qualifiedpersonbefore and after each allowinspection of components should be opened or
occurrence. removed.
30
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STDOASME B30-21-ENGt L999 m 0759b70ObLb215 005
OPERATED
MANUALLY LEVER HOISTS ASME 830.21-1999
TABLE 3 MINIMUM INSPECTION FOR

LEVER
OPERATED HOISTS - WEB STRAP 1991
Normal Service Heavy Service Severe S e r v h
Monthly Yearly Weekly to Monthly Semiannully Daily to Weekly Quarterly
[Note Item (111 [Note (211 [Note 1111 [Note (311 [Note 1111 [Note 1311
Frequent Inspection (see para.

21-3.2.2)

with proper operation X X ... X ...
(see ASME B30.10) X X ... X ...
Hook latch operation, if used X ... X ... X ...
Web strap in accordance with
para. 21-3.5.1 X ... X ... X ...
Web strap reeving for
compliance with hoist
manufacturer's
recommendations ... ...
Lever for bends, cracks, etc. ... ... ...

Hoist support for damage ... ... ...

21-3.2.3)
inspection ... ... X ...
or rivets ... ... X ...

web strap attachments,
clevises, yokes, suspension
bolts, shafts, gears,
bearings, pins, rollers, and
locking and clamping
devices ... X X X

retaining nuts or collars, and
pins and welds or rivets
members X X ... X
(continuedl
31
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.21-1999 ASME OPERATED LEVER HOISTS
TABLE 3 MINIMUM INSPECTION FOR LEVER OPERATED HOISTS - WEB STRAP (CONT'D)
Normal
HeavyService
[Note Item (111 [Note (211 [Note (311 [Note (311 [Note (111 [Note (311
sprockets ... X .. X ... X
Evidence of worn pawls,

cams, or ratchets; corroded,
stretched, or broken pawl
springs ... X ... X ... X

provided in para.
21-3.4.2(d)(6) .. X ... X .., X
End connections and

strap
terminations of web *,, X ... X ... X
NOTES:
(1) Visual inspection by operators or other designated personnel.
(2) Visual inspection by a designated person of conditions.
--```,,`,``,,```,``,``,`,`,`,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(3) As in Note (2)unless conditions indicate that disassembly should be done to permit detailed inspection.
(c) Adesignatedpersonshall determine whether (10) thehoistandhoistmounting for evidence of

conditions foundduringinspection constitute ahazard missingitems.
andwhetherdisassembly is required.
(d) The following itemsshall be inspected: 21-3.2.4Hoists Not in Regular Use
( I ) theitemslisted in para. 21-3.2.2; (a) Ahoistthathasbeen idle for aperiodof one
(2) fasteners for evidence of loosening; month or more, but less than one year, shall be given
(3) web strap, suspensionhousings,levers,chain an inspection conforming with the requirements of para.
attachments, clevises, yokes,suspensionbolts, shafts, 21-3.2.2 before it isplaced in service.
gears, bearings, pins, rollers, and locking and clamping (6) A hoistthat has been idle foraperiodof one
devices for evidence ofwear, corrosion, cracks, and year or moreshall be givenaninspection conforming
distortion; withthe requirements ofpara. 21-3.2.3 before it is
( 4 ) hook retaining nuts or collars, and pins; welds placed in service.
or rivetsusedto secure theretainingmembers for
evidence of damage; Section21-3.3:Testing
(5) load sprockets or idler sprockets (drums) for
evidence of damageand wear; 21-3.3.1 Operational Tests. All new hoists shall
(6) the brakemechanismonfrictionbrakehoists be tested by thehoistmanufacturer. All altered or
for evidence of worn,glazed, or oil contaminated repaired hoists, or hoists that have not been used within
friction disks; worn pawls, cams, or ratchets; corroded, thepreceding 12 months,shallbetestedbeforebeing
stretched, or brokenpawl springs; placed in service by, or underthe direction of, a
(7) supporting structure or trolley, if used, for designated person toensure compliance with the applica-
evidence of damage; ble provisions of this volume including the following.
(8) safetyinformation,required by para. 21- (a) All functions of the hoist shall be checked with
3.1. I (d) for legibility and replacement; the hoistsuspended in theunloadedstate.
(9) end connections ofweb strap for evidence of (6) After testing in theunloaded state, aloadof at
deterioration; and least 1 0 0 lb (46 kg) times the number of loadsupporting
32

parts of web strap shall be applied to the hoist in order bent, cracked, or otherwise damagedlevers;
to checkproperload control. worn, corroded, or otherwise damagedweb
accordance with para. 2 1-3.5.2;
21-3.3.2LoadTest replace hooks showing conditions described in
(a) All new hoists shall be tested by the manufacturer ASME B30. IO. Repairs by welding or reshaping are
with a testloadofatleast 125% oftheratedload. not permitted;
( b ) All hoists in whichload sustaining partshave (6) missing or illegiblesafetyinformation la-
been altered, replaced, or repaired shall be tested stati- bels; and
cally or dynamically by, or underthedirection of, an (7) itemsthataredeterminedto be missing.
appointedperson,and a recordofthetestshouldbe
made. The applied testloadshall be atleastequal to 21-3.4.3 Lubrication. All moving parts of the hoist
the rated load or greater, as approved by the manufac- forwhichlubricationisspecifiedshould be regularly
turer. The replacement ofweb strap is specifically lubricated. Care should be laken to follow manufactur-
excluded from this hoist load test; however, a functional er’s recommendations as topointsandfrequency of
test of thehoistshould bemade in accordance with lubrication,andquantity and types of lubricant to
para. 21-3.3.1(a) prior to puttingthehoistback in be used.
service.
(c) All test anchorages or suspensions shall be ap-
proved by a qualifiedperson. Section 21-3.5: Web Strap Inspection,
Replacement, and
Maintenance
Section21-3.4: Maintenance
21-3.4.1Preventive Maintenance 21-3.5.1Web Strap Inspection

( a ) A preventivemaintenanceprogramshould be
( a ) FrequentInspection
established and should be: ( I ) All web straps shouldbevisuallyinspected
( I ) based on the recommendations outlined in the by the operator or other designated person at the start
hoistmanufacturer’smanual; of each shift. These visual observations should be
(2) reviewed by a qualified person for the applica- concerned with discovering gross damage, such as that
tionofthehoist, when required. listedbelow,whichmaybeanimmediatehazard:
( a ) melting or charring;
(b) Replacementpartsshall be at leastequaltothe
originalmanufacturer’sspecifications. ( h ) acid or caustic bums;
(c) weld spatter;
21-3.4.2AdjustmentsandRepairs (d) broken stitching;
(a) Conditionsdisclosed by the inspections per- ( e ) cuts or tears;
formed in accordance with the requirements of Section (f, damaged eyes or fittings;
21-3.2 that are determinedto be a hazard during (g) abrasivewear;and
continued operationshall be corrected by adjustment, ( h ) knots;
repair, or replacementbefore continuing the useof (h) Periodic Inspection
thehoist. ( I ) The inspectionfrequencyshall be determined
(b) Adjustments, repairs,andreplacementsshall be by a qualified person and shall be based on such factors
performed by designatedpersonnel. as expected web strap life as determined by experience
( c ) Components shall be adjusted or repaired as on theparticularinstallation or similar installations;
needed. The followingare examples: severity of environment; percentage of capacitylifts;
(I) operating mechanisms; frequency of operation; and exposure toshockloads.
(2) brakes andpawls. Inspectionsneed not be at equal calendar intervals
((i) Repairs or replacements shall be made as needed. and should be more frequentas the web strap approaches
The following are examples: theend of itsuseful life.
( I ) excessively worn braking components such as (2) Periodicinspectionsshall be performed byan
friction disks, ratchets,pawls, andpawl springs; appointed person. This inspection shall cover the entire
(2) critical parts, including load suspensioncompo- lengthofweb strap.
nents,that are cracked, broken,bent, or excessively ( 3 ) Special care should be takenwheninspecting
worn; sections for rapid deterioration, such as the following:
33
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(a) sections in contact with saddles, equalizer the lever. Refer to the B30 Introduction, which empha-
sheaves, or other sheaves whereweb strap travel is sizes that the use of hoists is subject to certain hazards
limited; that cannot be met by mechanicalmeans,but only by
(b) sections of the web strap at or near terminal the exercise of intelligence, care, common sense, and
ends wherebrokenthreads or cuts may be evident; experience in anticipating themotionsthatwill occur
(c) sections subjecttoreversebends;and as a resultof operating the controls.
(d) sections ofweb strap that are normally
hiddenduringvisualinspection,such as partspassing 21-3.6.2Before Operating Hoist
over sheaves. (a) The supporting structure or anchoring means
shallhave a load capacity at leastequal to thatof
21-3.5.2Web Strap Replacement thehoist.
(a) No precise rules can be given for determination (h) The operator shall be familiar with all operating
ofthe exact time for thereplacementofweb strap, controls ofthehoist,andshall be instructed as to
since many variable factors are involved.Continued warnings on the hoist, thehoistingpracticeslisted in
use in this respect depends largely upon good judgment this Section, andthe operator’s portionofthemanual
by an appointed or authorizedperson in evaluating provided by thehoistmanufacturer.
remaining strength in a used web strap after allowance (c) If adjustments or repairs are necessary, or any
for deterioration disclosed by inspection. Continued web defectsareknown,theoperatorshallreportthis
strap operation depends upon thisremaining strength. promptlytotheappointedperson.
(6) Conditions such as the following shall be reason (d) Hoistsshallbe used only in locations thatwill
for questioning continued useoftheweb strap or allow the operator tobe free oftheload.
increasingthefrequency of inspection: ( e ) Theoperatorshallhaveaccesstotheop-
( I ) severely wornend connections; erating lever.
( 2 ) distortion oftheweb strap structure; and (f, The operator shall not operate a hoist that bears
(3) evidence of heatdamage. an out-of-order sign.
(c) The web strap shall be removedfrom service (6) The operator shallnot adjust or repair a hoist
when damage such as thefollowing is discovered: unlessqualifiedtoperformmaintenance on thehoist.
melting or charring; ( h ) Hoistsshall notbe operated by other thanthe
acid or causticburns; hand powerof one operator.
weld spatter; (i) Hoistsshallnot be operatedwithan extension
broken stitching; on thelever.
cuts or tears;
damaged eyes or fittings; 21-3.6.3Handling the Load
abrasive wear;and (a) The hoist web strap shall not be wrapped around
knots. theload.
( b ) The loadshall be attached to the loadhookby
21-3.5.3Web Strap Maintenance suitablemeans.
(a) Web strap should be stored to prevent damage (c) The sling or other device shall be properly seated
or deterioration. in thebase (bowl) ofthehook. The hooklatchshall
(b) Web strap should be protectedfrom dirt, oil, notbe allowedtosupportanypart oftheload.
water,and other foreignmaterials. (d) Theloadshallnot be appliedto the point of
the hook.
(c) During installation, care should be taken to avoid
dragging theweb strap in thedirt or around objects (e) Before applying theload,the operator shall be
that will scrape, nick, cut, or induce other damage. sure thattheweb strap is not twisted or that multiple
parts of the web strap are not twisted about each other.
(f) Hoists shall not be operated until the load block,
Section21-3.6: Operation web strap, and hoist body are directly in line with the
direction of loading to avoidsidepull.
21-3.6.1 Hoisting Practices for Operators. Safe (6) The hoist body or frameshallnotbear against
operation of a leverhoistinvolvesmorethanpulling any object or the supporting structure.
34
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STD-ASME B30.2l-ENGL L999 D 0759b70 Oblb219 750
(h) The operator shall not applya loadbeyondthe (n) A loadshallnot bemovedmorethanafew
rated load appearing on the hoist or load block, except inchesuntil it is wellbalanced inthe sling or lifting
during properlyauthorized tests. device.
( i ) Specific attentionshould be giventobalancing (o) When starting to lift or pull, the operator should
of the load and hitching or slinging to prevent slipping movetheloadafew inches andthencheckthehoist
of the load. for proper load holding action. The operation shall be
(i) The operator shallnotreleasethehoistlever continued only after the operator is assuredthatthe
untilthe ratchet andpawlisengagedandtheleveris hoistis operating properly.
at rest. ( p ) Hoist shall not be used to lift, support, or other-
(k) The operator shall not engage in anyactivity wisetransportpeople.
that will divert the operator’s attention while operating (9) The operator shouldavoidcarryingloads over
thehoist. people.
(1) The operator shallnotapply a loadtothehoist ( r ) The operator should not leavealoadedhoist
untilthe operator andall other personnelare clear of unattended unless specific precautions have been insti-
theload, tutedand are in place.
(m)The operator shall make sure a load clears obsta- ( S ) Care shall be exercised when removinga sling
cles beforemoving. fromunderalandedandblockedload.
35
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Asme B30.21-1999

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-1A N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD F- -

Copyright ASME International

ASME 830.21 -1999

SAFETY SMNDMD FER CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRC

The 1999 edition of thisStandard is beingissued with an automatic addenda

ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of J

technical aspects of this Standard. The interpretations will be included with

ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Copyright ASME International

Copyright ASME International

Copyright ASME International

Copyright ASME International

Copyright ASME International

Copyright ASME International

Copyright ASME International

The 1999edition of ASME B30.21includeseditorialchanges,revisions,andcorrectionsintroduced in

1,2 General volume listing

Copyright ASME International

SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES,

(99) General B30.21ManuallyLeverOperatedHoists

Copyright ASME International

Copyright ASME International

the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. It is notthe intent of thisvolumetorequire.retrofitting . ..

Copyright ASME International

MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS

Section21-0.1:Scope of B30.21 brake: a device for retardingandstoppingmotionof

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ASME B30.21-1999 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS

hoist, lever operated: a leveroperatedmanual device

Copyright ASME International

MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME 830.21-1999

Copyright ASME International

ASME B30.21-1999 HOISTS OPERATED

FIG. 1 MANUALLY LEVEROPERATED HOIST - CHAIN TYPE

Copyright ASME International

FIG. 2 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOIST - WIREROPE

FIG. 3 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOIST - WEB STRAP

Copyright ASME International

Copyright ASME International

MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS

(a) Roller Type Ib) Welded Link Type

(99) FIG. 6 GUIDEANDLOADSPROCKET-STRAP

Copyright ASME International

(al Friction Brake Type

FIG. 7 LOADCONTROLLING MECHANISM

la) Link ChainPocket Type

Riw Type Type

FIG. 8 OVERTRAVELRESTRAINT FIG. 9 LOADSPROCKETS

Copyright ASME International

MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME 830.21-1999

Section21-1.1: Marking andConstruction ultimate material strength. Elements specifically

Copyright ASME International

(6) heavy service - semiannually. If external

Copyright ASME International

TABLE 1 MINIMUM INSPECTION FOR LEVER OPERATED HOISTS - CHAIN

Frequent lnrpection (see para.

All functional mechanisms for

Hooks and latches for

Hook latch operation, if used X X ... X ...

Periodic Inspection (see para.

Evidence of loose bolts, nuts,