UNIVERSITY MICHOACANA OF SAN NICOLAS OF HIDALGO

APPLICATIONS OF THE DERIVATIVE IN AREAS SUCH AS

MEDICINE.

FACULTY OF
CHEMISTRY VI3 VI.3 | DIFFERENT CONCEPTS. |
PHARMACOBIOLOGY
OF THE U.M.S.N.H.
Proyecto académico sin
VI.3.I |° DIFFERENTIAL OF A FUNCTION. °|

Non-profit academic
project, developed under
the open access initiative.

Student: Samuel Alejandro

Tavera Barron.

Teacher: Joel Arturo

Rodríguez Ceballos.

Subject: Differential
Calculus.

Degree in
Pharmacobiological
Chemistry.

1er Semester.

Section 13.

RESEARCH ARTICLE
FOCUSED ON THE USE OF
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS IN
THE TOPIC: THE
DIFFERENTIAL OF A
FUNCTION IN RELATION TO
BIOLOGY, MEDICINE AND
HEALTH SCIENCES.

LA DIFFERENTIAL OF A FUNCTION IN RELATION TO MEDICINE p. 0

 1
SUMMARY.
The differential of a function is the
product of its derivative times the
differential of the independent
variable. Y is represented as dy.
Figure 1. GRAPHIC. of the functions
displayed.
Definition: analytic expression and
geometric interpretation.
If the function γ=𝑓(𝑥)1 If it admits a
finite derivative at a point, its increment
can be expressed as follows:
∆f=f'(x0)∙∆x+R
Where R is an infinitesimal for when
∆𝑥 → 0, such that R depends on
∆𝑥(𝑅(∆𝑥)). To the foreground
(Main part of the add-on) Yes 𝑓 ′(𝑥0) ≠
0, It's called the differential of the
function and it's written:
ԃƒ = ƒ′ ’ (𝑥0 ). ∆𝑥
Definition: Differential at the point of a
differentiable function at that point 𝑥0 is
the product of the derivative times the
arbitrary increment of the independent
variable.
THE DIFFERENTIAL OF A FUNCTION IN RELATION TO MEDICINE
INTRODUCTION.
THE DIFFERENTIAL OF A
FUNCTION IN A CLINICAL
CASE.
In the following research, the use of
differential calculus in different
branches such as biology, chemistry,
health sciences and medicine will be
presented. In addition, we will apply
the use of a derivative as a function in
different areas of health.
We know that, from the beginning of
biology as a science, it did not depend
on mathematics at all for its successful
development, so the question arises:
Why should we use it now to
understand biological phenomena?
The fact that health sciences, such as
biology, for example, did not use
mathematics in ancient times, does
not mean that we cannot use them
today (or in the future). Based on this
idea, disciplines such as genetics and
ecology achieved significant
successes by developing
mathematical models based on
differential equations. Currently,
mathematics provides mathematical
tools and models of differential
equations to support specific research
studies in the area of health sciences.
In this research, some differential and
integral calculation data for a variable
in the area of health will be taken into
account.
 2

VI.3.I.1 MATHEMATICAL
METHOD. MODELS IN HEALTH
SCIENCES.
Two types of models used in this area
The present study was based on the will be presented below:
criteria and procedures of research on
mathematical methods, promoting the 1. If the unknown function
use of differential calculus, specifically depends on only one variable,
on "differential of a function", involving the equation is called the
branches of health. "Ordinary Differential
Equation".
For this article, we will use information 2. If the unknown function
gathered from scientific and medical depends on more than one
research such as: variable, the equation is called
Cleveland Clinic: Health Library: the "Partial Differential
Diagnostics & Testing [Internet].: Equation".
Cleveland Clinic; c2022. Differential These are also classified by their order
Diagnosis; [reviewed 2022 Jan 27; and by their degree. The most well-
cited 2022 Oct 17]. known and used in this area is the
"Law of Exponential Growth".
𝑑𝑦
= 𝛼𝛾 whose solution is:(1) 𝛾 = 𝑘𝑒 𝛼𝑡
𝑑𝑡

PROCEDURE. The law of exponential growth, with the

From the aforementioned journals,
articles on derivative functions applied
in the field of health were selected.
Therefore, only empirical studies on
differential calculus interventions in the
area of health will be taken into
account, and theoretical works on the
same topic were excluded. Since the
objective of this research is to
exemplify the use of derived functions
in the clinical and medical field.
appropriate modifications, can have a
very large number of applications to
the area of health sciences. Key
models include:
1. BIOLOGICAL GROWTH
MODEL.
A fundamental problem in biology is
growth, whether it is the growth of a
cell, an organ, a human being, a plant,
or a population. The differential
equation (1) tells us that growth occurs
if 𝛼 > 0 , and on the other hand decay
(or shrinkage) occurs if 𝛼 < 0.
An obvious flaw in equation (1) and its
solution is that if 𝛼 > 0 and time

THE DIFFERENTIAL OF A FUNCTION IN RELATION TO MEDICINE


elapses, growth is unlimited. This is a
contradiction with reality, since, after a
certain amount of time, we know that
the cell or the individual stops growing,
and gets a maximum size. The
question that arises is can we modify
(1) so that the results agree with
reality? the answer is yes, and we will
use the differential equation:
Whose solution is:
𝑑𝑦
= 𝛼𝑦 − 𝛽𝑦 2 ,
𝑑𝑡
𝑦(𝑡0 ) = 𝑦0 (2)
α/β
𝑦= 𝛼/ 𝛽 −𝛼(𝑡−𝑡 )
1+[ ]𝑒 0 𝑑𝑡
𝑦0
which is easily obtained by applying
the method of separation of variables.
𝛼 infected 𝑃𝑖 individuals at time t0, 𝑃0 and
In addition to (3), note that lim 𝛽 ,
which shows that the growth given by
(3) has a limit, as required by reality,
and validating the growth model (2)
and (3).
Illustration 2 GRAPHIC. Displays the execution of
functions.
THE DIFFERENTIAL OF A FUNCTION IN RELATION TO MEDICINE
3
2. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
PROBLEM MODEL.
A major problem in biology and
medicine deals with the occurrence,
spread, and control of a contagious
disease; that is, a disease that can be
transmitted from one individual to
others. The science that studies this
problem is called epidemiology, and if
a large uncommon percentage of a
population acquires the disease, we
say there is an epidemic. A simple
mathematical model for the spread of
a disease is:
𝑑𝑃𝑖
(3) = 𝑘𝑃𝑖 (𝑝 − 𝑃𝑖 ) , 𝑃𝑖 (𝑡0 ) = 𝑃0 (4)
Where is the number of infected
individuals at time t, the number of
𝑡→∞ P is the total number of the population?
The solution to equation (4) is obtained
by separating variables, giving as a
solution:
P
𝑃𝑖 = 𝑃 (5)
1+[ −1]𝑒 −𝑘𝑃(𝑡−𝑡0 )
𝑃0
Thus, the model formed by (4) and (5)
describes the spread of a disease in a
large but finite population. The
problem of epidemics where
quarantine is taken into account is
more complicated, since it is
considered a system of ordinary
specific equations, which implies
applying the theory of linear algebra.

3. MODELS OF DRUG
ABSORPTION IN
ORGANS OR CELLS.
A major problem in the medical
field is to determine the
absorption of chemicals (such
as drugs) by cells or organs.
Suppose a liquid carries a drug
inside an organ of volume V
cm3 at a rate of cm3/sec and
exits at a rate of b cm3/sec. The
concentration of the drug in the
incoming liquid is c cm3/sec.
The differential equation that
models such a problem is:
𝑑𝑥
𝑉 𝑑𝑡 = 𝛼𝑐 − 𝑏𝑥 (6)
The solution is:
𝛼𝑐
𝑥 = 𝑐 + [𝑥0 − ]𝑒 −(𝑡−𝑡0)/𝑣 (7)
𝑏 2.
Where the following cases
presented:
Case 1: a=b. In this case, the rate at
which the drug enters is equal to the
rate at which it exits, and (7) becomes:
𝑥 = 𝑐 + (𝑥0 − 𝑐)𝑒 −𝑖(𝑡−𝑡0)/𝑣
Case 2: a=b and 𝑥0 = 0. In this case,
the entry and exit rates are equal, and
the initial concentration of the drug in
the organ is 0; Then (7) it turns out:
𝑥 = 𝑐 + (1 − 𝑒 −𝑖(𝑡−𝑡0)/𝑣 ).
THE DIFFERENTIAL OF A FUNCTION IN RELATION TO MEDICINE
4
VI.3.I.2 DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS.
Often, different health conditions
cause similar symptoms. For example,
fatigue is a symptom that can be
caused by anemia, depression, heart
disease, sleep disorders, among
others.
To be a diagnosis, your health care
professional will follow a careful step-
by-step process to highlight disorders
that share your symptoms until
determining the most likely cause of
your illness. This process is called
making a differential diagnosis.
An important step in making a
differential diagnosis is to make a list
of all the possible conditions you may
have. Here is a list of differential
diagnoses:
1. SYMPTOMS
HISTORY OF CLINICA
3. FAMILY MEDICAL HISTORY
4. YOUR TEST RESULTS
are A list of possible conditions helps your
health care provider decide which
tests can help confirm or rule out
diseases that may be causing your
symptoms. Your results will help
narrow down your differential
diagnosis list until you find the
condition you have. This is your final
diagnosis.
The process of making a differential
diagnosis can take time, but it helps
ensure that your health care provider
doesn't overlook a possible cause of
your symptoms. This means that your
final diagnosis is more likely to be
 5

accurate and that you will receive the

correct treatment.

Illustration 3 GRAPHIC. Displays the execution of

VI.3.I.3 DIFFERENTIAL functions.

CALCULUS IN MEDICINE.

VI.I.3.I.4 MAIN MODELS

From the calculation of the differential OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE
equations that are solved using TRANSMISSION.
integrals, they can be determined in
the medicina the speed of spread of a
disease, the growth of a bacterium, the SI, SIS and SIR models:
time of death of a patient, the
endurance and flow of hydraulic jacks Standard epidemiological models
used within hospitals. assume that individuals are in one of
several possible states. Depending on
Basically, calculation is found and we these states, the population can be
use it throughout our lives, we derive included in some categories:
and integrate since we are children susceptible individuals (S), infected (I)
without realizing it, when we ask or removed (R), etc. The most
ourselves how long it was, how much important models are: SI, SIS and SIR,
did it cost me? our brain performs which can be modeled
operations at such a speed that we deterministically or stochastically and
don't even notice, start thinking that in all of them it is assumed that the
when you throw an object you know interaction between individuals is
where it is going to fall and at what random. The following is a synoptic
speed!! (No measurements) but you description of the SI, SIS and SIR
knew where to put your hand to catch models in their two versions:
it. 𝑑𝐼
deterministic and stochastic𝑑𝑡 =
EXAMPLE: 𝜆𝐼(𝑡)𝑆(𝑡)/𝑁
The coefficient of thermal expansion of
a small implant part is defined as
& = L'(T)/L(T)
where L(T) is the length of the object
when the temperature is T. From the
definition of &, find an expression of
L(T) that does not depend on L'(T).
&=variance.

THE DIFFERENTIAL OF A FUNCTION IN RELATION TO MEDICINE


Equation 1 presents the SI model in its
deterministic version, i.e., as a
continuous model in its simplest form,
consisting of a system of two
𝑑𝑠
equations diferenciales:
𝑑𝑡
−𝜆𝐼(𝑡)𝑆(𝑡)/𝑁
Figure 4 GRAPHIC. Displays the
execution of functions.
Equation 1 shows two dependent
variables: the number of susceptible
people (S) and the number of infected
people (I). In this model, under its
stochastic version, each infectious
individual has contact with another,
chosen at random, at a rate λ (contacts
per unit of time). Thus, the random
variable tk, time elapsed between
infection of individual k-1 and
individual k, for k=1,2, 3,..., has an
exponential distribution with parameter
λ, a constant that does not change
over time. This means that the random
variable X(t), which refers to the
number of susceptible and infected at
time t, is a homogeneous process. The
process states at time t are identified
by X(t)={S(t), I(t)}, i.e., the number of
susceptible and infected at time t.
THE DIFFERENTIAL OF A FUNCTION IN RELATION TO MEDICINE
6
DISCUSION.
A review of existing mathematical
= models gives us the opportunity to This
guideline is used to develop new
models of ordinary differential
equations to support the resolution of
specific problems in the area of Health
Sciences. In this way, the community
at large is benefited by promoting early
diagnosis and timely treatment. The
combination of mathematical tools and
knowledge from the biological
sciences will give a fusion of sciences
for the benefit of humanity.
CONCLUSION.
The differential of a function is that
variable that will therefore have a
significant change depending on the
function, and this function depends on
the cause, either to avoid an
epidemiological contagion or the
possibility of having a finite growth, this
research concludes at a point in which
the types of necessary calculations
that have to intervene in a science to
be concretely accurate were
announced. yielding values that are
not always common, but specific to
provide a solution to the problem.
Mathematics is a conformist science
because you don't care everywhere.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Magazine physician of the University

Veracruz. (n.d.).
https://www.uv.mx/rm/num_anteriores
/revmedica_vol6_num2/articulos/ecua
ciones.htm
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
https://saludpublica.mx/index.php/sp
m/article/view/6757
Differential diagnosis. (n.f.).
https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/prueb
as-de-laboratorio/diagnostico-
diferencial/

THE DIFFERENTIAL OF A FUNCTION IN RELATION TO MEDICINE