DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF GIS -based CHILD MAPPING APPLICATION OF

MAHAPLAG II DISTRICT

A DISSERTATION PROPOSAL
Presented to the
Faculty of the Graduate School
SOUTHERN LEYTE STATE UNIVERSITY

in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements of the Degree in
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT

ANNIE LYN E. DE ERIO

JANUARY 2023
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Wright, Ritter, & Wisse Gonzales, ( 2022) stressed out that education serves as the

cornerstone of any thriving society, representing the most valuable investment nations can

make to foster prosperity, well-being, and social equity .Şener, 2021) echoed the

sentiments outlined in Article 26 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which

unequivocally proclaims that "Everyone has the right to education," the significance of

education cannot be overstated . However, the harsh reality of our times reveals that an

alarming 57 million children continue to lack access to educational opportunities.

UNESCO and the Global Education Monitoring Report, (2022) reported that

education is not just a fundamental right but also a gateway to human development,

emancipating individuals and communities, and offering unfettered access to a world of

opportunities and freedoms. Recognizing the pivotal role of education, the international

community has set forth Sustainable Development Goal 4: "Ensuring Inclusive, Equitable,

and Quality Education and the Promotion of Lifelong Learning Opportunities for All."

Aronson & Fien, (2021) pointed out that this objective acknowledges the barriers to

universal education and endeavors to surmount them by aiming to augment scholarships

for students in developing nations and foster educational facilities characterized by gender

sensitivity and disability inclusivity.

UNICEF, (2021) viewed that the Education for All (EFA) initiative emphasizes the

significance of child mapping data in the context of schools' efforts to enroll children

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hailing from economically disadvantaged backgrounds and marginalized groups.

Government school teachers diligently collect data within their school's vicinity. Child

mapping is an indispensable endeavour as it strives to comprehensively account for all the

children in the community . The Department of Education has a pivotal role in

orchestrating the mapping of school-age learners, with the goal of not only enrolling new

students but also reintegrating former school dropouts and inspiring their continued

educational journey. DepEd Communications Team, (2023) facilitated this process, forms

and templates are furnished as guiding instruments for recording essential data within the

catchment barangays . The results of child mapping serve as the bedrock for the

formulation and execution of relevant educational programs and initiatives, thereby

establishing a responsive system to address issues surrounding educational accessibility.

Furthermore, UNICEF, (2021) emphasized that this collaborative undertaking

necessitates the active involvement and support of various stakeholders, including local

government units, barangay officials, Parents Teachers Associations, and Civil Society

Organizations, who collectively contribute to the program's comprehensive

implementation.

However, according to Llego (2023), the manual process of conducting child

mapping within the local barangay imposes a substantial burden on both teaching and non-

teaching personnel, requiring significant travel and time commitments.

In Mahaplag II district setting ,child mapping activity in a manual way is a great of

help in the close monitoring of student school’s enrolment and attendance in the barangay

level. Teaching and non-teaching personnel conduct child mapping annually during the

onset of the school year. They need to travel to far flung and remote areas just to reach out

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the families with school aged-children especially in the part of the secondary school

teaching and non-teaching personnel which is time ,money and effort consuming.

Consolidating of data in a manual way is quiet long process and burden in the part of the

teachers and other incharge of the data collection. School Administrators encounter delays

of data reporting to the higher authorities especially in the School Monitoring and

Evaluation (SMEA). School MEA, Area MEA and Division MEA is quarterly done for Dep

ED’s monitoring and evaluation. One of the area that is being monitored is the access of

education of all school aged children. Since Mahaplag II district comprises large scope of

school’s attendance monitoring as it consists of two (2) secondary schools and fourteen

(14) elementary school, there is a need to create an innovative approach to minimize

group’s effort, time and money aspects . An application or system in data collection, record

keeping ,retrieval and data generation could be a great of help not only the teaching and

non-teaching personnel but also to the school administrators who have great responsibility

to oversee children accessing in educational opportunities .

In this technology era, the proponent of this study is highly motivated to developed

a GIS - based child mapping application ,an innovative way to minimize transportation

costs and efforts but maximizing scope of child mapping activity.

GIS mapping saves both labour time and budget. It allows employees to be more

efficient when mapping out job sites due to sheer volume of data they can access. GIS

makes transporting and tracking goods significantly more efficient when applied in

logistics scenarios. With GIS technology, you can even track goods and services in real

time with pinpoint accuracy.( MGISS , December 30, 2021) .Therefore , the GIS technology

can be integrated in the child mapping activity where administrators could have a real time

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tracking of student’s enrolment and attendance leading to create interventions and

solutions to attain 0% students drop outs and to increase enrolment rate.

To address the gap ,the development of GIS-based child mapping application is

proposed. This digital tool will transform the data collection process by facilitating swift

and efficient input of essential information. It will also streamline the compilation and

analysis of data, making it readily accessible for school administrators and teams to

reference. Importantly, this digital platform will enable the automated generation of

community-bound data, providing insights into the number of individuals who lack access

to basic educational services, those grappling with illiteracy, and those who have not

completed their education journey. Furthermore, it will facilitate the tracking of these

individuals until they successfully complete the curriculum.

Objectives of the Study

Generally, this study aims to design and develop a GIS-based Child Mapping

application and specifically, it seeks to determine the following:

1. Assess the existing practices and the challenges of the school district on the child

mapping data in terms of:

1.1 data collection;

1.2 record keeping;

1.3 record retrieval; and

1.4 reports generation.

2. Design and develop a user-friendly GIS-based child mapping application tailored to

the child mapping tool of Mahaplag II districts.

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 3. Implement a user-friendly GIS-based child mapping application tailored to the

specific needs of Mahaplag II District.

4. Conduct Usability Evaluation of the GIS-Based Child Mapping Application

5. Craft & develop field guides for local authorities for sustainability and management

of the GIS-based child mapping application.

Significance of the Study

This study holds pivotal significance for the Department of Education (DepEd) as it

directly contributes to the improvement of child mapping consolidation. The enhanced

child mapping process, facilitated by the GIS-based application, plays a crucial role in the

planning and implementation of educational programs and projects that are aligned with

DepEd's overarching goals. Furthermore, this research opens doors for strengthened

collaborations with barangay officials and external stakeholders, establishing a more

robust support system for educational endeavors in Mahaplag II District.

At the barangay level, the adoption of this application addresses a persistent

challenge - data collection inconsistencies. This not only ensures the uniformity of data but

also guarantees the accuracy of demographic profiles for learners. It represents a

significant step toward more efficient data reporting.

Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) and external agencies can harness the

potential of the GIS-based child mapping application to bridge enrollment gaps and provide

essential interventions to address hindrances and challenges within the learning delivery

system. Their contributions underscore the broad-reaching impact of this technology.

Moreover, the Southern Leyte State University Office of the Graduate School can

integrate this application into its research, innovation, and extension programs, thus

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ensuring that the benefits of this research extend beyond Mahaplag II District to encompass

broader academic and practical relevance.

For the Department of Education (DepEd), the GIS-based child mapping application

marks a pivotal shift in data management practices. It enables the efficient digital encoding,

storage, retrieval, and real-time reporting of data. This modernization is in harmony with

contemporary data management trends, empowering DepEd leaders with a robust tool for

data-driven planning and efficient implementation aligned with the digital age.

Conceptual Framework

The study is guided by a conceptual framework shown in figure 1. It will commence

from assessing the existing practices and challenges of the schools districts on the child

mapping data collection,record keeping, record retrieval and record generation through

focus- group discussions. Planning and requirement analysis ,designing until the

evaluation phase of the developed system will take place. Then, the final output is a GIS-

based child mapping system that is accessible,user-friendly, efficient ,reliable and secure.

INPUT

PROCESS

Assessing the OUTPUT

existing practices
and the challenges
of the schools
districts on the the salient features
child mapping of the proposed GIS-
data
collection,record
keeping,record
retrieval ,record
generation
GIS -based Child
Mapping
Design and develop
Application that is
accessible,user
friendly,efficient,r
based Child
eliable and secure
Mapping
and directed with
Application
a field guides for
sustainability,ma
nagement and
maintenance.

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 FIGURE 1. The Conceptual Framework

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Information System for Monitoring and Managing the Quality of Educational

Programs

Logachev et al, (2021) cited that the basis for the modernization of education in the

Russian Federation is formed by ensuring the quality of educational services in accordance

with the needs, requests, and expectations of the state, society, and the individual. The

importance of the quality of education is determined at the state, regional, and municipal

levels, as well as at the level of the organization implementing multiple educational

programs. Solving the strategic and operational tasks of managing the quality of education

requires objective information on the resources, processes, and results of the functioning of

an educational organization or its educational directions . In turn, it requires creating and

updating the system of monitoring and evaluation of the quality of educational services.

The process of creating a system of monitoring and evaluation of the quality of educational

services raises the problem of developing algorithms, methods, and the corresponding

means of information support.

(Nguyen et al.,( 2017) &; Noroozi et al., (2019) cited that the advances in

educational technologies and the digitalisation of education have generated increased

interest in utilising learner behaviour data to provide process-oriented information to

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enhance learning and teaching. Chaurasia et al., Citation2018; Daniel, (2015) &;

Picciano, (2012) cited also that researchers and educators have noted the potential use of

big data and data analytics in higher education. (Nguyen et al, 2022) stressed that

Hathaway (1985) suggested that “the main barrier to effective instructional practice is lack

of information”. By applying data analytics, we can now obtain useful information about the

learner and learning process to aid instructional practice. For instance, Wise and Jung

(2019) reported the university instructors’ use of a LA dashboard to inform their teaching.

A model of instructor analytics was constructed based on the findings to propose useful

categories of activities for future study and support.

School Management on Students’ Monitoring

As the pandemic hits, businesses and lots of lives are affected by the spread of the

virus CoViD-19. Schools in the Philippines are also affected by the virus, leaving learners

suffering from synchronous and asynchronous classes. Parents are still uncertain if their

children are learning through this new normal, some systems are invented so that the

educators can easily monitor students through their learning adventure. According to

Acasamoso et al.(2022) attendance plays an important part in education- students who

attend classes regularly have a higher chance of succeeding in school and becoming valued

members of the school community. With monitoring, educators can easily guide their

students to the right path; Thus Monitoring serves a great role in the learning adventure of

students. As claimed by Galgo (2020) Attendance Monitoring System was found to be a

trustworthy tool that teachers may use to easily monitor class attendance by scanning the

QR code encoded in each student's ID. This application, as predicted, delivers efficient data

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output, from detecting absent pupils to creating reports, and is thus recommended for use.

For the past years schools in the Philippines takes student attendance manually, as

mentioned by Casunuran et al… (2020) manual attendance monitoring consumes a lot of

time and makes disruption to class discussions, to overcome the problem they also

proposed a Quick Response (QR) Code attendance monitoring system. As the world grows

technology also reaches the top beyond the expectations of everyone. Lots of processes are

converted to systems to make it easier for us people, Based on Bacuna and Dadiz (2022)

due to technological advancements, checking pupils' attendance has gone from a manual to

an automatic procedure; thus the Philippines can cope up to the technological

advancement that the world has. but since now we are on pandemic; classes are held online

through the use of different platforms such as Google Meet, Teams, Zoom, and any other

conferencing application

Data Management System

Susanto,et al ,(2019) stressed that in the current Global Era Management,

Information Systems are an inseparable part of an organization where information systems

that produce output (output) using input (input) and various processes needed to meet

certain objectives in a management activity. Database management system is software that

can be used to define, create, manage and control database access. An effective Information

System provides accurate, timely and relevant information to users so that it can be used

for decision making. In making decisions, both in daily operations, as well as in strategic

planning into the future. The decision-making process must be based on timely and

appropriate data and information so that the decisions taken are on target. Information is

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obtained from data processing, and data processing is carried out by information systems

with the support of information technology. Data is raw material information and is

collected in a database (database) so that collection, storage, maintenance, processing, and

security can be carried out effectively and efficiently data management is needed, so that

such information can be the right information, on time, accurate and relevant. For example,

an academic institution must build an academic database, at least containing student data,

lecturer data, course data, room data, schedules, so that appropriate information can be

obtained about the academic organization of the institution.

GIS Application

The rapid increase of using computers in mappings and related applications has

created a rich variety of information on maps and their related attributes. Such

information is required to be stored and handled in the proper manner. Accordingly, the

use of database management systems can be used to solve such data handling problems

On this basis, the production and use of maps has widely increased over the last decade in

the form of Geographic Information System “GIS”. The GIS can be defined as a

computerized integrated system consisting of hardware, software and third party software

for capturing, processing, analyzing and presenting the map data in digital form. In

addition, it has a facility to capture data from different sources and can handle such data in

two different forms: vector or raster data. The core of any GIS system is its database

management system, in which the map (graphic) data is stored and the attributed data are

also entered and manipulated. Thus the data base management system is defined by

different authors (burrough, 1986) as a computerized record keeping system which has

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the facility to maintain information and to make such information available on demand in

the shortest possible time. Certainly, the use of database management systems has solved

numerous problems encountered in using flat files for data storage such as data

redundancy, non-sharing data, integrity and security considerations .

Egenhofer et al, (1989)& (Osman et al, (2001) discussed that the data base in any

GIS holds spatial and non-spatial information which is extracted from the maps or any

other sources of data acquisition. The spatial information reflects the geometric

representation of the graphic features on the maps. The non-spatial information compiles

the attributed data that is attached to the geographic features as tabular data. Akif et al,

1992 also emphasized that it also contains information about the spatial relationship

among different geographic objects which is called topographical relationships. Such

relationships are: Sharing relation, connectivity relation and adjacency relation. Such

topographical information are usually stored explicitly within the geographic data base to

give satisfactory information about different objects or polygons. Other types of topology

such as containments, near-by, belong-to can be extracted from the above mentioned types

GIS-BASED STUDENT PROFILING SYSTEM

Julve et al ,(2020) introduced that many of the universities now are using GIS

(Geographic Information Systems) Technology for the purposes of evaluating students’

enrollment, mapping locations of current students, and visualizing the demographic

distribution [1] This notion comforts the difficulty in tracking students' locations in specific

municipalities/barangays, the population of currently enrolled, the population of

secondary feeders public, and private. These are just a few salient features of GIS

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Technology provides, in which the university desires to acquire. With, GIS purposively

creates and integrates different kinds of geographic information, such as digital maps,

aerial photographs, satellite images, and Global Positioning System (GPS) data, as well as

associated tabular database information.Currently, the university is still engaged in the

manual process of monitoring the location and population of the students, especially in

tracing the graduates in every program. Likewise, the marketing strategies and recruitment

schemes of the university still need to be improved. This paper aims to develop a holistic

GIS-based Student Profiling System for Surigao del Sur State University – Cantilan Campus.

In accordance with one of the university’s missions is to produce competent and skilled

graduates prepared for gainful employment. With this, GIS can support in assisting

administrators in an array of decision-making processes through the analysis of geographic

statistics, identifying the pros and cons of prospective decisions and charting out the future

course of action [2] Furthermore, the developed GIS-based Student Profiling System will be

a central data provider. In the same way, data will be used in the proposed development

programs, marketing strategies, intelligent recruitment schemes, and monitoring of the

university. The researchers concluded that the developed system is a great help to the

university, the implementation and utilization of the GIS-based Student Profiling system

serve as a central data provider, and the basis for marketing predictive analytics. These

data are used in the intelligent recruitment scheme, marketing strategies, planning,

proposed development programs, and monitoring of the university.

The Impact of Computer versus Paper–pencil survey

(Johnston et al , (2003) cited that the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 specified

parameters under which states would be mandated to monitor alcohol, tobacco, and

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other drug (ATOD) use among adolescents. While adolescent ATOD use has been

systematically monitored at the national level since the 1970s , many states and local

education agencies have not been systematically monitoring adolescent ATOD use. The

most common way to collect ATOD data from adolescents is the ubiquitous school-

survey. The use of standard, paper–pencil (PP) methodology to collect ATOD data has

been criticized for a variety of reasons.

Authors also added that adolescent ATOD use surveys include personal and

sensitive questions—questions about illegal and socially discouraged behavior. Because

such questions are asked, internal validity and pragmatic issues arise. First, two major

threats to the validity of findings from studies in which such sensitive questions are

asked are critical: (a) demand characteristics (particularly in an adolescent sample) may

have a profound impact on the obtained data; and (b) paper-and-pencil surveys are

notorious for eliciting exaggerated responses and inconsistent responses (e.g.,

respondents who report having used alcohol in the past month, but never have in their

lifetimes). Second, three important pragmatic issues also arise: (a) standard paper and

pencil (PP) survey methodologies are inflexible when it comes to question-selection, as a

printed document cannot be customized at the school building level; (b) collecting data

during class is a heavy time burden in an environment where more demands are

consistently being put in place; (c) PP methods are expensive in terms of printing,

shipping, and processing costs. One solution to the pragmatic issues is on-line data-

collection. Less is known, however, about the implications of on-line data-collection on

the validity of the data that are collected.

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 Denscombe 2006 & Walden, 2002) found out that while computers have been

used to collect self-report data for some time, the technology and software for collecting

data in this manner are still developing. Likewise, research findings regarding their

differential impact on data are emerging.

Richman, Kiesler, Weisband, and Drasgow (1999) conducted a meta-analysis of

61 studies published between 1967 and 1997, in which investigators compared the

effects of computer-based (CB) surveys, PP surveys, and face-to-face interview data-

collection methods on usage rates of sensitive behaviors. While they reported a near-

zero overall effect of modality for the comparison between CB and PP survey data-

collection methods on general, non-sensitive, questions, they also noted that the quality

of the obtained data depended on the administration and design of the CB data-

collection instrument. That is, when respondents were alone and could backtrack among

the questions, and the anonymity of the participants was ensured, internal validity

threats were minor. Richman et al. also found that the impact of data-collection method

on internal validity was greater as question sensitivity increased, concluding that more

research was needed in the area of CB data-collection when self-reports of sensitive

behavior (e.g., drug use) was the dependent variable.

The findings of Richman et al. (1999) have been bolstered by Vereecken and

Maes’ (2006) recent study on differences between adolescent response styles for CB and

PP surveys investigating health and lifestyle behaviors. Vereecken and Maes found that

for most questions there were no significant differences. However, for questions of a

more sensitive nature, adolescents in the PP condition gave more socially appropriate

answers than did those in the CB condition. In a similar study, DiLillo, DeGue, Kras, Di

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Loreto-Colgan, and Nash (2006) found no significant differences between rates of

disclosure of past physical and sexual abuse using PP, CB, and face-to-face interviews.

Their findings did suggest that those in the CB condition were more likely to report

distress and mood change than those in the PP and face-to-face interviews. Additionally,

the researchers found that participants strongly preferred the CB condition partly due to

the confidentiality it could afford them. A wide variety of investigations in which

researchers have used CB self-report surveys of drug use have been conducted. Studies

in which investigators examined the effects of data-collection method (CB versus PP)

have been conducted with (a) participants undergoing substance-abuse treatment

(Sarrazin, Hall, Richards, & Carswell, 2002), (b) adolescent males (Turner et al., 1998),

(c) college students (Kypri et al., 2004, Mitchell, 1994), (d) adults in an urban setting

(Tourangeau & Smith, 1996), and (e) stratified, random, national samples (Wright,

Aquilino, & Supple, 1998). Wright et al. (1998), for instance, compared data-collection

modality (computer-assisted versus paper-and-pencil) and its impact on findings

obtained for a variety of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use behavior. They collected

substance use information using CB and PP methods and compared estimates of self-

reported substance use and well-being. Respondents were selected via a national, multi-

stage (area) probability sampling procedure; respondents were selected from both urban

and suburban areas. Respondents were randomly assigned to an interview mode (PP

versus computer assisted (CA)). A total of 3169 interviews were completed; respondents

ranged in age from 12 to 34. Interviews were conducted at participants’ homes and

generally lasted between 45 and 60 min. In the PP condition, respondents were asked to

complete a standard drug and alcohol survey while participants in the CA condition

were provided a laptop with which to complete the same survey. Wright et al. (1998)

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reported that across most dependent variables, the findings for adolescents were most

sensitive to mode (PP versus CA) as compared to findings for older respondents. For

adolescents, higher prevalence rates were consistently reported in the CA mode: twice as

many respondents ages 12–18 reported marijuana use in the past 30 days in the CA

condition as compared to the PP condition.

While Wright et al., 1998, Turner et al., 1998 provided valuable insight into

possible differences in reported rates of behavior when sensitive questions are involved,

there are some fundamental differences between these methodologies used is these two

studies and the methodology used to administer standard, school-based, ATOD surveys.

Specifically, school-surveys are conducted in classroom settings. Little research has

been conducted on the use of computer-based data-collection methodology that would

occur in a classroom environment where, given federal directives on adolescent ATOD

monitoring, it is likely that data-collection will occur in the future. Bates & Cox, (2008)

concluded that as survey methodology continues to evolve, it is important to continue to

examine the methodological impacts of these changes on results. As computer and

internet access become more ubiquitous, and data-collection becomes more computer-

based as a result of the various strengths of that data-collection method, it is important

to re-test and revalidate the methods and assess their overall impact on results.

Definition of Terms

Child Mapping. Involves the systematic collection, recording, and spatial

representation of data related to the distribution and characteristics of the child population
within Mahaplag II District. In this study, it is the process of acquiring, storing, and
visualizing demographic and spatial data specific to children using GIS technology.

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 Development. Involves the systematic creation and refinement of a GIS-based child
mapping application, aligned with GIS technology and spatial data principles
(GISGeography, 2020). In this study, it refers to the structured software engineering
process, incorporating GIS methodologies to design, code, test, and deploy a customized
child mapping application for Mahaplag II District.

GIS-based. Implies the utilization of Geographic Information Systems technology

for storing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data related to child mapping (GISGeography,
2020). In this study, it refers to applying GIS principles and tools to manage and process
spatial data specific to child mapping in Mahaplag II District

Mahaplag II District. It is the defined geographic area where spatial data and child
mapping functionalities will be implemented.

Resource Allocation. Refers to the strategic distribution and optimization of

resources informed by the spatial data and insights provided by the GIS-based child

mapping application (World Bank, 2020). In this study, it involves using the system-

generated data to inform decisions on the efficient distribution of resources in Mahaplag II

District.

conceptually,

Spatial Data. It is the digital representation of geographical features, stored and

manipulated within the GIS-based child mapping application (Longley et al. , 2015). In this

study, it refers to information identifying the location and shape of objects or phenomena

within Mahaplag II District, essential for GIS-based mapping and analysis.

Training Programs. Includes the development and delivery of educational content,

ensuring effective user adoption and utilization of the GIS-based child mapping system

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(Longley et al., 2015). In this study, it involve structured educational initiatives designed to

enhance the proficiency of local authorities in utilizing and managing the GIS-based child

mapping application.

Usability. It involves designing an interface and functionalities based on user needs

and preferences, assessed through user feedback and testing (National Center for

Biotechnology Information, 2022). In this study, it relates to the extent to which the GIS-

based child mapping application is user-friendly, ensuring efficient interaction for local

authorities and stakeholders.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

SECTION 1. ASSESS THE EXISTING PRACTICES AND THE CHALLENGES OF THE SCHOOL

DISTRICT ON THE CHILD MAPPING DATA

Research Design

The study will adopt a mixed-methods research design, integrating both qualitative

and quantitative approaches. In the qualitative phase, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) will

be conducted with key stakeholders, including school heads, child mapping coordinators,

teachers, barangay officials, and district supervisors of Mahaplag II distircts which consists

of 14 elementary and 2 secondary schools. The FGDs aim to gather insights into current

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practices, challenges, and expectations regarding child mapping, focusing on aspects such

as data collection, record-keeping, record retrieval, and report generation.

Research Environment

This study will take place in Mahaplag II District Leyte Philippines, specifically

within the two (2 ) secondary and fourteen (14) elementary schools of the district. The

two secondary schools namely from; Polahongon National High School and Mahaplag

National High School , San Isidro Campus which are situated along the Maharlika Highway

of Mahaplag. The fourteen (14) elementary schools which six (6) of them located near the

highway namely from; Mahayag, San Isidro, Malinao, Uguis, Mabuhay and Polahongon and

eight (8) of them are located from remote barangays namely from Mabunga, Union ,

Mahayahay ,Maligaya, San Juan, Hiluctugan, Sto, Nino and Pinamonoan. The research will

involve close collaboration with local educational institutions, the Department of Education

(DepEd), and barangay officials.

Research Participants and Sampling Procedure

This study will gather primary data from key stakeholders in the Mahaplag II

district education system, including school principals, child mapping coordinators,

teachers, barangay officials, and district supervisor. The data will be obtained through

Focus Group Discussions (FGD) using a convenience sampling technique. Participants will

be assured of confidentiality under the Data Privacy Act (Republic Act 10173). Their

insights are crucial for understanding current child mapping practices and optimizing the

development, implementation, and evaluation of the GIS-based child mapping application

in Mahaplag II District. Table 1. will show the distribution of the participants.

Table 1. Distribution of the participants for the Focus-Group Discussions

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 Participants Number of Participants School

School District Supervisor 1 Mahaplag II district

School Head (elementary) 14 Mahayag, San Isidro, Malinao,

Uguis, Mabuhay and Polahongon

Mabunga, Union ,

Mahayahay ,Maligaya, San Juan,

Hiluctugan, Sto, Nino and

Pinamonoan

School Head (secondary) 2 Polahongon National High School

, Mahaplag National High School

Barangay Officials 14 Above mentioned barangays

Child Mapping Coordinator 3 Mahplag II district

and teachers
Coordinator representative

Total 40

Table 1 presents the expected number of participants to be involved in FGD. One (1)

school district supervisor , fourteen (14) school heads of elementary ,two (2) school heads

of secondary , 14 barangay officials, three (3) child mapping coordinators and teachers ,one

(1) teacher from each secondary and one (1) teacher from representative from the

elementary. A total number of thirty four (34) participants for the focus-group discussion.

Research Instrument

For focus group interviews, a semi-structured questioning structure will be

developed. It aims to evaluate the current procedures and the difficulties faced by the

school district with regard to data collection, record keeping, record retrieval, and report

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generation. The question guide includes introductory and crucial questions that help

participants connect and become acquainted before the topic is discussed. Approximately

30 to 60 minutes will pass during the focus group discussion, which will be recorded and

transcribed. The guide questions for the FGD can be found in Appendix B.

Data Gathering Procedure and Analysis Procedure

The focus group discussion will be conducted among the school district supervisor,

school heads, child mapping coordinators and barangay officials.

An invitation/communication letter will be distributed to the participants prior to

participation of the study. A venue or a place where participants conduct the FGD will be

organized . The FGD will be audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim to ensure accurate

data collection. The transcribed data from FGD will be analyzed using thematic analysis, to

identify the patterns ,themes, and issues related to the development and implementation of

GIS-based child mapping application. The data will be reviewed multiple times to ensure

accuracy and validity. Data saturation will be monitored to ensure that all relevant themes

are identified. The results of the analysis will be presented in a narrative form and

supported with quotes from the participants to provide a comprehensive understanding of

the data.

SECTION 2. DESIGN AND DEVELOP A USER-FRIENDLY GIS-BASED CHILD MAPPING

APPLICATION TAILORED TO THE CHILD MAPPING TOOL GIVEN BY DEPED

The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a framework that will be used in the

design and development of the proposed application. The industry uses the Software

Development Life Cycle (SDLC) process to plan, create, and test high-quality software. The

SDLC seeks to create high-quality software that satisfies or exceeds customer expectations

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and is finished on scheduled time . Furthermore, SDLC is a comprehensive plan that

outlines how to create, maintain, test, and improve a particular piece of software.

Generally, SDLC methodology aids in enhancing the overall development process and

software quality (Acharya & Sahu, 2020). As shown in Figure 3, SDLC is composed of 5

phases, namely: planning and requirement analysis; system design; system development;

testing ; and maintenance.

Figure 3. System Development Life Cycle Model

Figure 3. System Development Life Cycle Model

Requirement Analysis

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 During this stage, the system requirements must be gathered and recorded. All

required information will be requested directly from the client. The client and developer

should reach an understanding of the features and requirements of the software applying

the GIS. This phase will look at sample forms, child mapping reports, and standard

templates, focusing particularly on data collection, record keeping, record retrieval, and

report generation in the child mapping activity in Mahaplag II districts.

System Design

Based on the system requirements provided by the client, this phase consists of

system design, software architecture design, database conceptual schema design, logical

diagram design, and data structure description.

System Development

This phase is carried out by the development team, with inputs from requirement

analysis and system design in the form of structure documents. To create the suggested

system based on the clients' requirements, the developer will collaborate closely with the

clients. The data collection, record keeping, record retrieval, and report generation

modules will all be integrated during this stage.

SECTION 3. IMPLEMENT A USER-FRIENDLY GIS-BASED CHILD MAPPING APPLICATION

TAILORED TO THE SPECIFIC NEEDS OF MAHAPLAG II DISTRICT.

The Testing phase will involve usability evaluation with representative end-users

interacting with the GIS-Based Child Mapping Application. Baseline data gathering will

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assess user interactions, observe usability, and collect feedback. This data will establish a

baseline for usability metrics and identify potential areas for improvement in subsequent

phases.

During the testing stage or the fourth stage of the Software Development Cycle

(SDLC) in figure 2, the newly developed GIS-based Child Mapping Application will be

implemented online and tested by target users, including school district supervisor, school

heads, teachers and child mapping coordinators. By conducting a thorough evaluation, this

research will provide valuable insights into strengths and weaknesses of the application.

The results of this study can help school districts to make informed decisions when

choosing GIS-based Child Mapping Application that aligns the requirements of child

mapping data collection,keeping, retrieval, and generation. Moreover, the results of this

study can benefit to the development of a user friendly, efficient , accessible and reliable

GIS- based Child Mapping Application in the data collection ,keeping, retrieval and

generation of the school districts.

Research Design

The study will utilize a quantitative approach, involving the use an adopted

questionnaire that aligns with specific criteria defined by ISO standards. The evalaution

process will involve testing the system’s performance and analyzing its compliance with

ISO standards, including but not limited to security , reliability and maintainability . The

results of this study will provide insights into strengths and weaknesses of the GIS-based

Child Mapping Application and inform recommendations for improvements, if necessary.

Data Collection Method

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 The purpose of this design is to evaluate the Gis-based Child Mapping Application

that is currently under development in accordance with ISO 25010-2011 standard . A

quantitative approach will be adopted to evaluate the application, which will be involve

testing and analysing its performance using ISO standard evaluation tools. The application

will be assessed for its functionality ,reliability, usability ,effeciency,

maintainability.portability security and compatibility.

Research Participants and Sampling Procedure

The school ICT coordinators and child mapping coordinators will be the primary

participants of the study. The sampling technique used will be purposive sampling where

participants will be selected based on their experience in software development and their

familiarity with ISO standards for software development. Table 2 will present the

distribution of participants.

Table 2. Distribution of Participants for Continuous Improvement

Participants Number

School IT Coordinator 5

System User 15

Total 20

Table 2 shows the participants for the evaluation of the newly developed GIS-based

Child Mapping Application. There are 5 from IT which constitute two (2) from the two

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secondary schools ,three (3) from elementary schools as representatives and fifteen (15 )

system users which comes from teaching and non-teaching personnel from the different

schools including school heads who are directly involved in child mapping activities.

Research Instrument

The research instrument that will be used for evaluating the GIS-based Child

Mapping Application is the ISO 25010- 2011 which includes eight evaluation criteria:

functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, portability,compatibility and

security.

The functionality evaluation assesses whether the application meets all functional

requirements and if there are any missing or incomplete functionalities.

The reliability evaluation considers if the system performs consistently and reliably

under various conditions, is able to recover from errors or failures, and can handle high

volumes of data and transactions.

The usability evaluation determines if the system the application is easy to use and

understand for the intended users, while the efficiency evaluation focuses on the system’s

speed and resource utilzation.

The maintainability evaluation examines whether the system is easy to maintain

and modify, scalable and well -documented.

SECTION 4. CONDUCT USABILITY EVALUATION OF THE GIS-BASED CHILD MAPPING

APPLICATION

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 The System Testing, Evaluation, and Maintenance Phases of the SDLC will be

highlighted in this study.

System Testing and Evaluation

In the Evaluation phase, the research team will develop and deploy training

modules, accompanied by pre-training assessments. Baseline data gathering will gauge

baseline knowledge through pre-training assessments, setting the baseline for evaluating

the effectiveness of training interventions in the subsequent Testing phase.

The developed application will be tested during this stage. All features must be put

to the test. The entire system is tested to see if it satisfies the needs and requirements of

the end user as well as its objectives. Then, software bugs and defects must be reported for

correction and retesting. The testers will then be given a test script to use as a record of the

testing activities' progress. The proposed system will be evaluated in in terms of

functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, portability and security using

the ISO 25010 - ISO/IEC 25000 (Software quality model standard) as seen in appendex 2.

Eight indicators with specific qualitative descriptions and scales make up the ISO 25010

Evaluation Form. A Mean statistical tool will be used to determine the qualitative report

and obtain the appropriate scales.

SECTION 5. CRAFT & DEVELOP FIELD GUIDES FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES FOR

SUSTAINABILITY AND MANAGEMENT OF THE GIS-BASED CHILD MAPPING

APPLICATION

In this section, the sustainability, management and maintenance will be discussed.

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 Maintenance

Identified ICT coordinators will be oriented to guide the users during deployment.

The system's programmer will provide technical assistance in case there is a system

breakdown. During deployment and maintenance, a logbook will be used and given to the

user to track the system's performance. Surveys of customer satisfaction and feedback will

serve as the baseline data to further improve the functionality of the proposed application.

Furthermore, for sustainability and management of the GIS-based Child Mapping

app , field guides will be crafted and developed. As the time that this application will be

used , the field guides will serve as instructional tool on the maintenance of the application.

The crafting and developing of the field guides will done by the developer and the

proponent of this study. Field guides will be reproduce in a form soft bound pamphlets to

be distributed to the app-users.

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