CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Section (A) : Properties of Equilibrium, Law of mass action, Equilibrium constant and
its properties, Factors affecting Equlibrium constant

1. A chemical reaction is at equilibrium when

(1) Reactants are completely transformed into products
(2) The rates of forward and backward reactions are equal
(3) Formation of products is minimised
(4) Equal amounts of reactants and products are present

2. In the given reaction N2 + O2 2NO , equilibrium means that

(1) Concentration of reactant is changing where as concentration of products is constant
(2) Concentration of all substances is constant
(3) Concentration of reactants is constant where as concentration of products is changing
(4) Concentration of all substances is changing

3. Rate of reaction curve for equilibrium can be like :

[rf = rate of forward, rb = rate of backward]

(1) (2) (3) (4)

4. Active mass concentration of 96 g of O2(g) contained in a 2 L vessel is -

(1) 16 mol/L (2) 1.5 mol/L (3) 4 mol/L (4) 24 mol/L

5. The equilibrium constant for the reaction 2X(g) + 2Y(g) ⎯⎯

→ 2Z(g) is given as :
[2X] [2Y] [X] [Y] [Z]2 [Z]2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
[2Z] [Z] [X] [Y]2
2
[X] [Y]

6. N2 + O 2 2NO. For this reaction Kp = 100, then Kp for reaction, 2NO N2 + O2 will be :
(1) 0.01 (2) ) 0.1 (3) 10 (4) 100
7. For the reaction A B ; KC = 2
B C ; KC = 4, C D ; KC = 6
KC for the reaction A D
(1) 12 (2) 4/3 (3) 24 (4) 48

8. For a reaction N2 + 3H2 2NH3, the value of KC depends upon :

(1) Initial concentration of the reactants (2) Pressure
(3) Temperature (4) catalyst

9. The equilibrium constant (Kp) for the reaction PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) is 16. If the volume
of the container is reduced to one half its original volume, the value of Kp for the reaction at the
same temperature will be :
(1) 32 (2) 64 (3) 16 (4) 4

10. For which reaction is Kp = KC :

(1) 2 NOCl(g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) (2) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
(3) H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g) (4) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)

11. Which of the following is incorrect about the chemical equilibrium ?

(1) ( G)T,P = 0
(2) Equilibrium constant is independent of initial concentration of reactants
(3) Achievment of equilibrium is an sponteneous process.
(4) Reaction stops at equilibrium

12. For a reaction N2 + 3H2 2NH3, the value of KC does not depends upon :
(a) Initial concentration of the reactants (b) Pressure (c) Temperature (d) Presence of
catalyst
(1) Only c (2) a,b,c (3) a,b,d (4) a,b,c,d

13. The equilibrium constant for the reaction : H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) is 64. If the volume of the
container is reduced to one fourth of its original volume, the value of the equilibrium constant
will be :
(1) 16 (2) 32 (3) 64 (4) 128

14. Equilibrium constant for following reactions respectively K1, K2 and K3

N2 + 3H2 2NH3 K1
N2 + O 2 2NO K2
1
H2 + O H2 O K3
2 2
5
2NH3 + O 2NO + 3H2O K4
2 2
Which of the following relation is incorrect.
K 2 (K 3 )3 K 4 K1 K 2 (K 3 )3
(1) K1 = (2) K4 = K1 × K2/(K3)3 (3) K2 = (4) K4 =
K4 (K 3 )3 K1
15. For N2 + 3H2 2NH3 equilibrium constant is K then equilibrium constant for 2N2 + 6H2 4NH3
:
K 1
(1) K (2*) K2 (3) (4) +1
2 K

16. For the reaction

CuSO4.5H2O(s) CuSO4.3H2O(s) + 2H2O(g)
Which one is correct representation :
(1) KP = (PH2 O )
2
(2) KC = [H2O]2 (3) KP = KC(RT)2 (4*) All

17. At 1000 K, the value of Kp for the reaction :

A(g) + 2B(g) 3C(g) + D(g) is 0.05 atmosphere. The value of KC in terms of R would be :
(1) 20000 R (2) 0.02 R (3) 5 10–5 R (4) 5 10–5 R–1

18. The KP/KC ratio for the reaction 4NH3(g) + 7O2(g) 4 NO(g) + 6 H2O (g), at 1270C is
(1) 0.0301 (2) 0.0831 (3) 1.0001 (4) 33.26

19. Which of the following statement is incorrect :

(1) At equilibrium, concentration of reactants must be equal to concentration of products.
(2) Equilibrium can be attained in both homogenous and heterogenous reaction.
(3) Approach to the equilibrium is fast in initial state but gradually it decreases.
(4) Equilibrium is dynamic in nature

20. Rate of reaction curve for equilibrium can be like : [rf = forward rate , rb = backward rate]

(1) (2) (3) (4) All of these

21. In a reaction A(g) + B(g) C(g) + D(g) the rate constant of forward & backward reactions are
k1 and k2 respectively then the equilibrium constant (K) for reaction is expressed as –

k2 k1
(1) K = (2) K = (3) K = k1 x k2 (4) K = k1 + k2
k1 k2
Section (B) : Kc and Kp for Homogeneous Reaction

22. A certain quantity of PCl5 was heated in a 10 litre vessel at 250ºC. At equilibrium the vessel
contains 0.1 mole of PCl5 0.20 mole of PCl3 and 0.2 mole of Cl2; The equilibrium constant of the
reaction PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) is :
(1) 0.02 (2) 0.05 (3) 0.04 (4) 0.025

23. For the equilibrium N2 + 3H2 2NH3 Kc at 1000K is 2 × 10–4 . If the equilibrium concentration
of N2 and H2 are 2M and 4M respectively, then [NH3] at equilibrium is :
(1) 0.00358 M (2) 0.0358 M (3) 0.16 M (4) 3.58 M

24. In the reaction 2P(g) + Q(g) 3R(g) + S(g). If 2 moles each of P and Q taken initially in a
1 litre flask. At equilibrium which is true :
(1) [P] < [Q] (2) [P] = [Q] (3) [Q] = [R] (4) None of these

25. The reaction, PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2 is started in a five litre container by taking one mole of PCl5.
If 0.3 mole of PCl5 is there at equilibrium, concentration of PCl3 and KC will respectively be :
49 23 23 49
(1) 0.14, (2) 0.12, (3) 0.07, (4) 20,
150 100 100 150

26. A mixture of 0.3 mole of H2 and 0.3 mole of I2 is allowed to react in a 10 litre evacuated flask at
500ºC. Equilibrium constant for the reaction H2 + I2 2HI , is found to be 64. The amount
of unreacted I2 at equilibrium is :
(1) 0.15 mole (2) 0.06 mole (3) 0.03 mole (4) 0.2 mole

27. PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2 in the reversible reaction the moles of PCl5, PCl3 and Cl2 are a, b and c
at equilibrium respectively and total pressure is P then value of Kp is :
bc b bc.P c
(1) .RT (2) .P (3) (4) .P
a (a + b + c) a (a + b + c) (a + b + c)

28. The equilibrium constant, Kp for the reaction

2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
is 4.0 atm–1 at 1000 K. What would be the partial pressure of O2 if at equilibrium the amount of
SO2 and SO3 is the same ?
(1) 16.0 atm (2) 0.25 atm (3) 1 atm (4) 0.75 atm
29. A sample of pure NO2 gas heated to 1000 K decomposes : 2NO2(g) 2NO(g) + O2(g). The
equilibrium constant KP is 100 atm. Analysis shows that the partial pressure of O 2 is 0.25 atm.
at equilibrium. The partial pressure of NO2 at equilibrium is:
(1) 0.03 (2) 0.25 (3) 0.025 (4) 0.04

30. At a certain temperature 50% HI is dissociated at equilibrium. The equilibrium constant for the
reaction 2HI H2 + I2 is :
(1) 0.25 (2) 1.0 (3) 3.0 (4) 0.50

31. For the reaction

A2(g) + 3B2 2C2(g)
the partial pressure of A2, B2 at equilibrium are 0.80 atm and 0.40 atm respectively. The
pressure of the system is 2.80 atm. The equilibrium constant Kp will be
(1) 50 (2) 5.0 (3) 0.02 (4) 0.2

32. The figure show the change in concentration of species A and B as a fuctional of time . The
equilibrium constant KC for the reaction A(g) 2B (g) is :

(1) Kc > 1 (2) K < 1 (3) K = 1 (4) data insufficient

33. In the reaction, N2 + O2 2NO, the moles/litre of N2, O2 and NO respectively 0.25, 0.05 and
1.0 at equilibrium, the initial concentration of N2 and O2 will be respectively if initially only N2 and
O2 are taken :
(1) 0.75 mol/litre, 0.55 mole/litre (2) 0.50 mole/litre, 0.75 mole/litre
(3) 0.25 mole/litre, 0.50 mole/ litre (4) 0.25 mole/litre, 1.0 mole/litre

34. 2 mol of N2 is mixed with 6 mol of H2 in a closed vessel of 1L capacity. If 50% of N2 is converted
into NH3 at equilibrium, the value of Kc for the reaction, N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) is
(1) 4/27 (2) 27/4 (3) 1/27 (4) 27

35. The equilibrium N2 (g) + O2 (g) 2NO (g) is estabilished in a reaction vessel of 2.5 L
capacity. The amounts of N2 and O2 taken at the start were respectively 2 moles and 4 moles.
1
mole of nitrogen has been used up at equilibrium. The molar concentration of nitric oxide is
2
(1) 0.2 (2) 0.4 (3) 0.6 (4) 0.1
36. PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
In above reaction, at equilibrium condition mole fraction of PCl5 is 0.4 and mole fraction of Cl2
is 0.3. Then find out mole fraction of PCl3
(1) 0.3 (2) 0.7 (3) 0.4 (4) 0.6

37. The reaction A(g) + B(g) C(g) + D(g) is studied in a one litre vessel at 250°C. The initial
concentration of A was 3n and that of B was n. When equilibrium was attained, equilibrium
concentration of C was found to the equal to the equilibrium concentration of B. What is the
concentration of D at equilibrium?
(1) n/2 (2) (3n – 1/2) (3) (n – n/3) (4) n

38. When 3 moles of A and 1 mole of B are mixed in 1 litre vessel the following reaction takes place
A(g) + B(g) 2C(g) . 1.5 moles of C are formed. The equilibrium constant for the reaction is
(1) 0.12 (2) 0.25 (3) 0.50 (4) 4.0

39. 1 mole of N2 and 2 moles of H2 are allowed to react in a 1 dm3 vessel. At equilibrium, 0.8 mole
of NH3 is formed. The concentration of H2 in the vessel is :
(1) 0.6 mol/L (2) 0.8 mol/L (3) 0.2 mol/L (4) 0.4 mol/L

40. In the reaction A(g) + 2B(g) 2C(g) , if 2 mole of A, 3.0 moles of B and 2.0 moles of C are
placed in a 2L flask. If equilibrium concentration of C is 0.5 mole/L. The value of equilibrium
constant (KC) will be:
(1) 0.073 (2) 0.147 (3) 0.05 (4) 0.026

41. 28 g of N2 and 6 g of H2 were kept at 400ºC in 1 litre vessel, the equilibrium mixture contained
17g of NH3. The value of KC for the reaction N2 + 3H2 2NH3 is :
(1) 7.5 (2) 0.5 (3) 0.6 (4) 100

Section (C) : Reaction Quotient and Its applications

42. When two reactants, A & B are mixed to give products C & D, the reaction quotient Q, at the
initial stages of the reaction :
(1) is zero (2) decrease with time
(3) is independent of time (4) increases with time

43. 2 mole each of SO3, CO, SO2 and CO2 is taken in a one lit. vessel. If KC for
SO3(g) + CO(g) SO2(g) + CO2(g) is 1/9 then
(1) total no. of moles at equilibrium are less than 8 (2) n(SO3) + n(CO2) = 4
(3) [n(SO2)/n(CO)] < 1 (4) both (2) and (3).
44. A reaction mixture containing H2, N2 and NH3 has partial pressure 2 atm, 1 atm and 3 atm
respectively at 725 K. If the value of KP for the reaction, N2 + 3H2 2NH3 is 4.28 10–5 atm–
2
at 725 K, in which direction the net reaction will go :
(1) Forward (2) Backward
(3) No net reaction (4) Direction of reaction cannot be predicted

45. The reaction quotient Q for

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
[NH3 ]2
is given by Q = . The reaction will proceed in backward direction, when
[N2 ][H2 ]3
(1) Q = KC (2) Q < KC (3) Q > KC (4) A = 0

46. For the reaction,

2A + B 3C at 298 K, KC = 49
A 3L vessel contains 2, 1 and 3 moles of A, B and C respectively. The reaction at the same
temperature
(1) must proceed in forward direction
(2) must proceed in backward direction
(3) must be equilibrium
(4) can not be predicted

47. A reaction mixture containing H2, N2 and NH3 has partial pressure 2 atm, 1 atm and 3 atm
respectively at 725 K. If the value of KP for the reaction, N2 + 3H2 2NH3 is 4.28 10–5
atm–2 at 725 K, in which direction the net reaction will go :
(1) Forward (2) Backward
(3) No net reaction (4) Direction of reaction cannot be predicted

48. At 445º C, Kc for the following reaction is 0.020.

2HI(g) H2(g) + I2(g)
A mixture of H2, I2 and HI in a vessel at 445º C has the following concentration :
[HI] = 2.0M, [H2] = 0.50M and [I2] = 0.10M. The statement that is true concerning the reaction
quotient, Qc is:
(1) Qc = Kc ; the system is at equilibrium
(2) Qc less than Kc ; more H2 and I2 will be produced
(3) Qc less than Kc ; more HI will be produced
(4) Qc is greater than Kc; more H2 and I2 will be produced
Section (D) : Degree of dissociation and vapour density

49. The dissociation of CO2 can be expressed as 2CO2 2CO + O2. If the 2 moles of CO2 is
taken initially and 40% of the CO 2 is dissociated equilibrium then total number of moles at
equilibrium :
(1) 2.4 (2) 2.0 (3) 1.2 (4) 5

50. A3(g) 3A (g)

In the above reaction, the initial concentration of A3 is "a" moles/lit. If x is degree of dissociation
of A3. The total number of moles at equilibrium will be :
ax a a − ax
(1) a – (2) – ax (3) (4) a + 2ax
3 3 2

51. For the dissociation reaction N2O4(g) 2NO2(g), the degree of dissociation ( ) in terms of
Kp and total equilibrium pressure P is:
4p + K p Kp Kp
(1) = (2) = (3) = (4) None of these
Kp 4p + K p 4p

D−d
52. The equation = correctly matched for :
(n − 1)d
(1) A(g) (n/2)B(g) + (n/3)C(g) (2) A(g) (n/3)B(g) + (2n/3)C(g)
(3) A(g) (n/2)B(g) + (n/4)C(g) (4) A(g) (n/2)B(g) + C(g)

53. The degree of dissociation of PCl5(g) obeying the equilibrium, PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2 , is
approximately related to the presure at equilibrium by -
1 1 1
(1) P (2) (3) (4)
P P2 P4

54. For equilibrium

N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)
the observed vapour density of N2O4 is 40 at 350 K. Calculate percentage dissociation of
N2O4(g) at 350K.
(1) 15 (2) 30 (3) 92 (4) 46

55. Consider the following hypothetical equilibrium

2B(g) B2(g)
If d is observed vapour density and D is theoretical vapour density, then degree of association
( ) will be
D–d 2D – d 2D 2D
(1) =2 (2) = (3) =2– (4) =
d D d D–d
56. The vapour density of N2O4 at a certain temperature is 30.67. The % dissociation of N 2O4 at
this temperature is :
(1) 50 (2) 20 (3) 70 (4) 10

57. 5 moles of SO2 and 5 moles of O2 are allowed to react to form SO3 in a closed vessel. At the
equilibrium stage, 60% SO2 is used up. The total number of moles of SO 2, O2 and SO3 in the
vessel now is :
(1) 3.9 (2) 10.5 (3) 8.5 (4) 10.0

58. For the reaction N2O4(g) 2NO2(g), if percentage dissociation of N2O4 are 20%, 45%, 65%
& 80%, then the sequence of observed vapour densities will be :
(1) d20 > d45 > d65 > d80 (2) d80 > d65 > d45 > d20
(3) d20 = d45 = d65 = d80 (4) (d20 = d45) > ( d65 = d80)

Section (E) : Heterogeneous Equlibrium

59. How many of the following reactions are homogenous reversible reactions
(1) CH3COOH( ) + C2H5OH( ) CH3COOC2H5( ) + H2O( )
(2) C(s) + CO2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g)
(3) H2(g) + CO2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g)
(4) CO(g) + Cl2(g) COCl2(g)
(5) NH4HS(s) NH3(g) + H2S(g)
(6) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
(7) N2(g) + O2(g) 2NO(g)
(8) CO2(g) + C(s) 2CO(g)
(9) SO2(g) + NO2(g) SO3(g) + NO(g)
1
(10) NO(g) + Br2( ) 2NOBr(g)
2
(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7

60. On decomposition of NH4HS, the following equilibrium is established :

NH4HS(s) NH3(g) + H2S (g)
If the total pressure is P atm, then the equilibrium constant KP is equal to
(1) P atm (2) P2 atm2 (3) P2 / 4 atm2 (4) 2P atm

61. Partial pressure of CO is twice to the partial pressure of CO2 at the equilibrium. If total pressure
at equlibriumis 12 atm. Then KP will be
(1) 8 (2) 12 (3) 16 (4) 32
62. Calculate the partial pressure of carbon monoxide from the following data
CaCO3(s) ⎯⎯→ CaO (s) + CO2 , Kp = 8 10–2
CO2(g) + C(s) ࢮ 2CO(g), Kp = 2
(1) 0.2 (2) 0.4 (3) 1.6 (4) 4

63. For the reaction C(s) + CO 2(g) 2CO(g) the partial pressure of CO and CO 2 are 2.0 and
4.0 atm. respectively at equilibrium. The KP for the reaction is :
(1) 0.5 (2) 4.0 (3) 8.0 (4) 1

Section (F) : Thermodynamics of Equilibrium

64. For a reversible reaction aA + bB cC + dD ; the variation of K with temperature is given

by
K2 − Hº 1 1
log = − then,
K1 2.303R T2 T1
(1) K2 > K1 if T2 > T1 for an endothermic change
(2) K2 < K1 if T2 > T1 for an endothermic change
(3) K2 > K1 if T2 > T1 for an exothermic change
(4) All are correct

65. The correct relationship between free energy change in a reaction and the corresponding
equilibrium constant K is :
(1) – Go = RT ln K (2) G = RT ln K (3) – G = RT ln K (4) Go = RT ln K

66. An endothermic reaction is represented by the graph :

(1) (2) (3) (4) None of these

1
67. If standard heat of dissociation of PCl5 is 230 cal then slope of the graph of logk vs is :
T
(1) +50 (2) – 50 (3) 10 (4) None
Section (G) : Le-chatelier's principle

68. For the reaction CO(g) + H 2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g) at a given temperature the equilibrium
amount of CO2 (g) can be increased by :
(1) adding a suitable catalyst (2) adding an inert gas
(3) decreasing the volume of container (4) increasing the amount of CO(g)

69. Introduction of inert gas (at the same temperature) will affect the equilibrium if :
(1) volume is constant and ng 0 (2) pressure is constant and ng 0
(3) volume is constant and ng = 0 (4) pressure is constant and ng = 0

70. Vapour density of equilibrium PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) is decreased by

(1) increasing temperature (2) decreasing volume
(3) increasing pressure (4) decreasing temperature

71. If the volume of the reaction flask is reduced to half of its initial value and temperature is kept
constant then in which of the following cases the position of equilibrium will not shift ?
(1) CO(g) + H2O(g) CO2(g) + H2(g) (2) I2(g) 2I(g)
(3) NH4HS(s) NH3(g) + H2S(g) (4) 2NOCl(g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)

1 1
72. For the reaction, N2(g) + O2(g) NO(g)
2 2
If pressure is increased by reducing the volume of the container then :
(1) Degree of dissociation at equilibrium will change.
(2) Concentration of all the component at equilibrium will change.
(3) Concentration of all the component at equilibrium will remain same
(4) Equilibrium will shift in the forward direction

73. At constant temperature, the equilibrium constant (KP) for the decomposition reaction N2O4
(4x 2 P)
2NO2 is expressed by KP = , where P = pressure, x = extent of decomposition.
(1 − x 2 )
Which one of the following statements is true ?
(1) KP increases with increase of P (2) KP increases with increase of x
(3) KP increases with decrease of x (4) KP remains constant with change in P and x

74. Which of the following reaction will shift in backward direction. When the respective change is
made at equilibrium:
(1) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) increase in pressure at eq.
(2) H2O(s) H2O( ) addition of inert gas at constant volume
(3) PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) addition of inert gas at constant pressure
(4) CO2(g) + CaO(s) CaCO3 increase in temperature
75. A reaction in equilibrium is represented by the following equation –
2A(s) + 3B(g) 3C(g) + D(g) + O2 if the pressure on the system is reduced to half of its
original value
(1) The amounts of C and D decreases (2) The amounts of C and D increases
(3) The amount of B and D decreases (4) All the amounts remain constant

76. On cooling of following system at equilibrium CO2(s) CO2(g)

(1) There is no effect on the equilibrium state (2) More gas is formed
(3) More gas solidifies (4) None of above

77. For the equilibrium reaction, H2O(l) H2O(g). What happens, if pressure is applied :
(1) More water evaporates (2) The boiling point of water is increased
(3) No effect on boiling point (4) None of the above

Section (H) : Physical Equlibrium

78. Au(s) Au( )

Above equilibrium is favoured at :
(1) High pressure low temperature (2) High pressure high temperature
(3) Low pressure, high temperature (4) Low pressure, low temperature
Au(s) Au( )

79. A gas 'X' when dissolved in water heat is evolved. Then solublity of 'X' will increase :
(1) Low pressure, high temperature (2) Low pressure, low temperature
(3) high pressure, high temperature (4) high pressure, low temperature

80. When the pressure is applied over system ice water what will happen
(1) More water will form
(2) More ice will form
(3) There will be no effect over equilibrium
(4) Water will decompose in H2 and O2
 Answer
1. Sol (2)

2. Sol (2)

3. Sol. (1) Concentration of reactant & product remains const. w.r.t time.
And, rate of [AT EQUILIBRIUM] forward reaction (rf) = rate of backward reaction.

no. of molar (mole) O 2

4. Sol. (2) Molar conc. =
volume (in l itre)
869
= × 2 = 1.5 mol/litre
329

[Z]2
5. Sol. (3) KC =
[X]2 [Y]2

6. Sol. (1) N2 + O 2 2NO

2
P NO
Kp = ..... (i)
PN2 .PO2
2NO N2 + O2
PN2 .PO2
K'p = 2
..... (ii)
PNO
From equation (i) and (ii), we have
1 1
K'p = = = 0.01
Kp 100

7. Sol (4)

8. Sol. (3) Equilibrium const. is temp. dependent only.

9. Sol (3)

10. Sol. (3) for Kp = Kc, n = 0

only option (3) with satisfy this condition.

11. Sol (4)

12. Sol. (3) Equilibrium const. is temp. dependent only.

13. Sol. (3)

1
14. Sol. (2) 2NH3 N2 + 3H2 K1' =
K1
N2 + O 2 2NO K '2 = K2
1
3 × (H2 + O H2O) K '3 = (K3)3
2 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------
 5 K 2 (K 3 )3
2NH3 + O 2NO + 3H2O K4 =
2 2 K1

15. Sol. (2) N2 + 3H2 2NH3,

equilibrium constant = K
[NH3 ]2
K=
[N2 ] [H2 ]3
2N2 + 6H2 4NH3
equilibrium constant = K'
[NH3 ]4
K' = = K2 [from equation (1)].
[N2 ]2 [H2 ]6

16. Sol. (4) For pure solids & pure liquids, although they have their own active masses but they
remain const, during a chemical change.
KC & KP are equilibrium const. in terms of concentration & partical pressures.
All options are correct.

17. Sol. (4) Kp = Kc (RT) n, n2 4 – 3 = 1

.052 Kc R × 1000
Kc = 5 × 10–5 × R–1
5 10−5
Kc =
R

18. Sol. (1)

KP = KC (RT) n
n = –1
KP 1
= = 0.0301.
K C RT
19. Sol. (1) At equilibrium all properties solution (i.e. chemical composition of eq. mixture) becomes
constant.

20. Sol. (4) At equilibrium rates of backward and forward reactions become equal.

21. Sol. (2) Forward reaction rate (rf) [A] [B] = K1 [A] [B]
Backward reaction rate (rf) = Kb [C] [D] = K2 [C] [D]
At equilibrium, rf = rb
K1 [A] [B] = K2 [C] [D]
The concentration of reactents & products at equilibrium are related by
K [C] [D]
K= 1 =
K2 [A] [B]
K1
K(Kc) =
K2

22. Sol. (3)

23. Sol. (3)

24. Sol. (1) 2P(g) + Q(g) 3R(g) + S(g)
t=0 2 2 0 x/2
t = teq 2 – x 2 – x/2 3/2 x x/2
from above, at equilibrium 2 – x < 2 – x/2
[P] < [Q] at equilibrium

25. Sol. (1) PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2

1 0 0 Initial mole
Conc. at equilibrium
Total mole of PCl3 = 0.7
Concentration = 0.14
x2 0.7 0.7 49
KC = = =
(1 − x)V 0.3 5 150

26. Sol. (2)

b c
.P P
P'PCl3 P'Cl2 (a + b + c) (a + b + c)
27. Sol. (3) Kp = =
P'PCl5 a
P
(a + b + c)
bc.P
Kp =
a (a + b + c)

2
PSO 1 1
28. Sol. (2) 2
3
= 4, As PSO3 = PSO2 , =4 or PO2 = = 0.25 atm.
P SO2 PO2 PO2 4
FTP (3)
Sol. 2SO2 (g) + O2 2SO3(g)
Kp = 4.0 atm–2
( SO3 )
3

Kp =
( SO2 ) ( O )
2
2

Given that at equilibrium the amount of SO2 and SO3 is the same so

( SO3 )
2
1
=4 = = 0.25 atm.
( SO2 ) ( O )
2
4
2

29. Sol. (3) 2NO2 2NO(g) + O2(g)

2
(pNO ) (pO2 )
Kp =
(pNO2 )2
PO2 = 0.25 ; PNO = 0.5
2
(0.5) (0.25)
100 =
(pNO2 )2
(0.5)2 (0.25)
(PNO2)2 =
100
PNO2 = 0.025

30. Sol. (1)

31. Sol. (1) PC2 = 2.80 – (0.80 + 0.40) = 1.60 atm,
PC22 (1.60)2
kp = = = 50
PA 2 PB32 0.80 (0.40)3
FTP (7)
Sol. A2(g) + 2B2(g) 2C2(g)
PA2 = 0.80 atm., PB 2 = 0.4 atm.
Total pressure of the system = 2.8 atm.
PC 2 = 2.8 – 0.8 – 0.4 = 1.6
PC22 (1.6)2
KP = = = 20
PA 2 PB32 0.8 (0 . 4)2

[B]2 (0.4)2
32. Sol. (1) KC = = = 1.6
[A] 0.1

33. Sol. (1) N2 + O2 2NO 2x = 1.0 mole/litre

a b 0 x = 1.0/2 mole/litre = 0.50 mole/litre
(a – x) (b–x) 2x
If a – x = 0.25, b – x = 0.05
[N2] = a = a – x + x = 0.25 + 0.50 = 0.75 mole/litre

34. Sol. (1)

35. Sol. (2) N2 + O2 2NO

Initial 2 moles 4moles
1 1 1
At Eq. 2– 4– 2× = 1 mol
2 2 2
1
Molar concentration of NO at equilibrium = = 0.4
2.5

36. Sol. (1) PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

t=0 1 0 0
t=teq 1–x x x
Total moles = 1 + x
1– x
Given = 0.4
1+ x
3
x=
7
3
xPCl3 = 7 = 0.3.
3
1+
7
37. Sol. (1) A+B C+D
3n n 0 0 t=0
(3n—x) (n—x) x x t = teq.
(n—x) = x
n
n = 2x x=
2
FTP (16)
Sol. A(g) + B(g) C(g) + D(g)
Initially, t=0 3n n 0 0
at t = teq (t = teq ) 3n – n n – n x x
n n
n – n = n (Given) conc. of D = =
2 12 2
n = 2n or x = n/2

38. Sol. (4)

39. Sol. (2) N2 + 3H2 2 NH3

t=0 1 mole 2 mole 0
t = eq 1–x 2–3x 2x = 0.8
x = 0.4
mole of N2 = 0.6
mole of H2 = 0.8

40. Sol. (3)

41. Sol. (3)

[C] [D]
42. Sol. (4) QC = , < KC
[A] [B]

2
2+ x
43. Sol. (4) SO3(g) + CO(g) SO2 (g) + CO2 (g) 9=
2−x
2 2 2 2
2+x 2+x 2-x 2-x x=1
n(SO2 ) 1
neq = 3 + 3 + 1 + 1 = 8 n(SO3) + n(CO2) = 4 = <1
n(CO) 2
Therefore, (4) option is correct.

44. Sol. (2) N2 + 3H2 2NH3, KP = 4.28 × 10–5 atm–2

2
PNH3 32 9
Reaction Quotient, QP = 3
= =
PN2 (PH2 ) 1 (2)3 8
QP > KP, Reaction will go Backward.

45. Sol. (3) When Q > KC, the reaction will proceed in backward direction to attain equilibrium.

[C]3 (3 / 3)3
46. Sol. (1) Q = = = 6.75
[A]2 [B] (2 / 3)2 (1/ 3)
Q < KC
The reaction will proceed in forward direction to attain equilibrium.
47. Sol. (2) N2 + 3H2 2NH3, KP = 4.28 × 10–5 atm–2
2
PNH a 9
Reaction Quotient, QP = 3
= =
PN2 (PH2 ) 3
1 (2)3 8
QP > KP, Reaction will go Backward.
N2 + 3H2 2NH3, KP = 4.28 × 10–5 atm–2

0.5 0.1
48. Sol. (2) Qc =
22
.05
= = 1.25 × 10–2
4
Kc = 2 × 10–2
Kc > Qc forward shiftment.

49. Sol. (1) 2CO2 2CO + O2

t =0 2 0 0
40 40 40
t =teq. 2 – 2 2
100 100 100
Total moles at equilibrium = nCO2 + nO2 + nCO
40 40 40
=2–2 +2 + = 2.4
100 100 100
FTP (7)
Sol. 2 CO2 2 CO + O2
t=0 2 0 0 = .4
t = teq 2 – 0.8 .8 .4
Total mass = 1.2 + .8 + .4 = 2.4 moles

50. Sol. (4) A3(g) 3A(g)

t=0 a 0
t = teq a – ax 3ax
Total moles = a – ax + 3ax = a + 2ax

51. Sol. (2)

52. Sol. (2) We know that

D
d=
1 + (n − 1)
where n is number of mole of gases produced from one mole of a gas.

53. Sol. (2) PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2

t=0 1 0 0
t=teq 1–

( P) ( P)
2
P
KP = +
1 1+ = ( < < 1)
1– 1– 2
P
1+
 1
P
D–d
54. Sol. (1) =
(n – 1)d
92
– 40
= 2 = 0.15
(2 – 1) 40

D–d
55. Sol. (3) =
(n – 1)d
1
n=
2

56. Sol. (1) N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)

922 = (1 + ) × 61.33
92
1+ =
61.33
= 0.5

1
57. Sol. (3) SO2 + O SO3
2 2
5 moles 5 moles 0
60 1 60 60
5–5× 5– ×5× 5×
100 2 100 100
= 2 + 3.5 + 3 = 8.5 moles

Mmix M
58. Sol. (1) (VD)mix = =
2 2 (1 + )
so, as increases (VD)mix decreases.

59. Sol. (2) Homogenous reactions are those in which reactants and products are present in same
phase.

P P P P2
60. Sol. (3) PNH3 = PH2S = Hence Kp = PNH3 × PH2S = × =
2 2 2 4
FTP (8)
Sol. NH4 HS(s) NH3(g) + H2S(g)
Total pressure is P.
P
So, PNH3 = PH2 S =
2
P2
Kp = PNH3 × PH2S = .
4

[PCO ]2
61. Sol. (3) KP =
PCO2
PCO = P
PCO2 + PCO = 12
P + 2P = 12
 P = 4 atm
PCO2 = 4 atm
8 8
KP = = 16
4

62. Sol. (2) Kp = PCO2 = 8 × 10–2

(PCO )
2

kp =
PCO2

(PCO) = KP PCO2 = 2 8 10–2 = 4 × 10–1

(pCO )2 (2)2
63. Sol. (4) Kp = = = 1.
pCO2 4

64. Sol. (1) For endothermic reaction, Hº is positive so, if T2 > T1 then K2 > K1.
For exothermic reaction, Hº is negative so, if T2 > T1 then K2 < K1.

65. Sol. (1) Gibbs equation = G = Go – RT ln K

at equilibrium = G = 0
– Go = RT ln K
FTP (1)
Sol. Go = –RT ln K

66. Sol. (2)

− H 230
67. Sol. (2) Slope ( )= = − = –50
2.3R 2.3 2

68. Sol. (4) On adding any reactant equilibrium shifts in forward direction, so amount of product
increases.

69. Sol. (2) For constant volume, reaction quotient (Q) will remain constant.
For constant pressure, reaction quotient (Q) will remain constant when ng = 0.

70. Sol. (1) For given reactions ng = +ve, H = –ve, high temperature & low pressure favours forward
reaction which increases number of moles.

71. Sol. (1)

72. Sol. (2) Number of moles will remain unchanged but due to decreased volume pressure will
get increased and also the concentrations.

73. Sol. (4) With change of pressure, x will change in such a way that Kp remains a constant.

74. Sol. (4)

75. Sol. (2) 2A(s) + 3B(g) 3C(g) + D(g) + O2

If pressure on system is reduced to half its original value then equilibrium will shift in forward
direction to increase no.of moles of gas to compensate reduction of pressure.
Amounts of C & D will increase.
76. Sol. (3) T , then V , then P , equilibrium shift in such direction so as to decrease pressure,
i.e., Backward direction.

77. Sol. (2)

78. Sol. (3) Since density of gold decreases after melting therefore it is favourable at low pressure
and high temperature.

79. Sol. (4) Solublity of gas is favourable at high pressure and this process is exothermic hence
solubility will be more at low temperature.

80. Sol. (1)