Parts of a

plant
leaves
❑ leaves are the lateral outgrowth of the
stem.
❑ typically thin, flat, expanded green
structure of a plant.
❑ highly effective energy converters.
leaves
Parts of a leaf
- blade
- petiole
- stipule
- midrib
- Veins
Parts of a leaf

Blade – broad,
flat, expanded
light harvesting
portion of the
leaf.
Parts of a leaf

Midrib – long
thickened
structure which
is a continuation
of the petiole up
to the opposite
end of the leaf.
Parts of a leaf
Veins –
networks found
in both sides of
the midrib
which is the
continuation of
the vascular
tissue.
Parts of a leaf

Petiole –
stalk which is
cylindrical
and attaches
the blade to
the stem.
Parts of a leaf

Stipules –
earlike lobe at
the base of
the petiole.
Parts of a leaf
Some leaves
have a pair of
appendages called
stipules at the base
of their petiole. If
there is no petiole or
stalk, the leaves are
called sessile.
leaves
Variation of the Leaves
a. According to composition
( Simple and Compound leaf )
b. According to venation
( parallel and netted )
c. According to texture
( fleshy, succulent, coriaceous,
chartaceous, membranous )
b. According to shape
leaves
Variation of the Leaves
a. According to composition
( Simple and Compound leaf )
leaves
Variation of the Leaves
b. According to venation
( Parallel and netted)
leaves
Variation of the Leaves
c. According to texture

Fleshy leaves (Crassula) Succulent leaves (Aloe vera)

 leaves
Variation of the Leaves
c. According to texture

Coriaceous leaf Membranous Chartaceous

(Magnolia grandiflora) (Schefflera digitate) (Baumea articulate)
leaves
Variation of the Leaves
d. According to shape
STEM

- the plant axis that bears buds and

shoots with leaves and, at its basal end,
roots. The stem conducts water,
minerals, and food to other parts of the
plant; it may also store food, and
green stems themselves produce food.
- composed of vascular tissues.
STEM
Modified Stems
1. Bulb (e.g. onions)when sliced in half, will
show concentric rings.
STEM
Modified Stems
2. Clove - bulblike structures (e.g. garlic)
that will separate into small pieces when
broken apart.
STEM
Modified Stems
3. Tuber (e.g. potatoes) these structures are
either on strings or in clusters underneath
the parent plants.
STEM
Modified Stems
4. Rhizome - are large creeping rootstock or
underground stems (e.g. ginger)
STEM
Modified Stems
5. Runner / Stolons – Horizontal,
aboveground stems (e.g. Strawberries)
ROOTS
- the root is the organ of a plant that typically
lies below the surface of the soil.
✓ Root's four major functions are:
1. absorption of water and inorganic nutrients
2. anchoring of the plant body to the ground,
and supporting it,
3. storage of food and nutrients,
4. vegetative reproduction and competition
with other plants.
ROOTS
Types of Roots
1. TAP ROOT
is a large, central, and
dominant root from
which other roots sprout
laterally. Typically a tap
root is somewhat straight
and very thick, is
tapering in shape, and
grows directly
downward.
ROOTS

Types of Roots
2. FIBROUS ROOT
is usually formed by
thin, moderately
branching roots growing
from the stem.
ROOTS
Types of Roots
3. ADVENTITIOUS
ROOT - forms on any
plant part other than
the roots.
ROOTS
Types of Roots
4. AERATING
ROOTS -
roots rising
above the
ground, have a
large number
pores for
exchange of
gases.
ROOTS
Types of Roots
4. BUTTRESS
ROOT - are large
roots on all sides of a
tall or shallowly rooted
tree. Typically they are
found in rainforests
where soils are poor
so roots don't go deep.
They prevent the tree
from falling over and
help gather more
nutrients.
Fibrous vs. Tap roots
• Seedless vascular
plants and Monocot
such as grasses
have fibrous roots.
(a)
• Dicot have tap
roots. (b)
flower
- is the reproductive structure found in
flowering plants
flower
Parts of a Flower
flower
STAMEN
Male part of a flower
and consist of anther
and filament.
✓ anther - is the part of
a stamen that contains
the pollen.
✓ filament - supports
the anther, which is
where pollen
develops.
flower
PISTIL / CARPEL
Female part of a flower and
consist of stigma, style and
ovary
✓ stigma - landing zone
and entrance of pollen.
Most stigmas are covered
with a waxy, sticky
substance.
✓ style – is a long, slender
stalk that connects the
stigma and the ovary
✓ ovary – part of the pistil
which holds the ovule(s);
develop into seeds upon
fertilization.
flower
Other parts of a
Flower
✓Petal - usually bright
colored structure that
attracts pollinators
✓Sepals – accessory
part that protects the
inner parts of the
flower
✓Receptacle –
structure that holds all
organs of a flower.
flower
Variations in Floral Structure
A. Kinds of flowers as to part present

▪ complete flower – if all the four sets are in a

flower, petals, sepal, pistil and stamen.

▪ incomplete flower – if one or more of the

floral sets are missing in a particular flower.
Complete flower
Complete flower
incomplete flower
pollination
- is the transfer of pollen grain from stamen
to a stigma. It is brought about by different
pollinators.

There are 2 types:

1. Self pollination
2. Cross pollination
pollination
Agent of Pollination
✓Insects
✓Wind
✓Man and Animals
✓Water
fruit
- a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in
flowering plants.
- found only in the members of the
Angiosperms.
SIMPLE
FRUIT

These fruits
develop from
a single ovary
of one or
more carpels
AGGREGATE FRUIT
These fruits develop from multiple
ovaries but of the same flower. So, an
aggregate fruit consists of a collection of
simple fruits called as fruitlets.
MULTIPLE
FRUIT

Develops from
ovaries of
several flowers
fused together
on the same
stalk.
seed
- is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a
covering called seed coat usually with
some stored food.
- the formation of the seed completes the
process of reproduction in seed plants.
seed
Why are seeds advantageous for plants?
1. Maintain dormancy until better
environmental conditions arise.
2. Afford protection to young plant at
vulnerable developmental stage.
3. Contain adequate supply until
photosynthesis is possible.
4. Dispersal of plants.
seed
Parts of a Seed
1. SEED COAT
– the structure
that protects the
embryo. It can
be of varying
thickness
depending on
the seed type.
seed
Parts of a Seed
2. EMBRYO – is what forms the new plant once
the favorable condition is present. Composed on
cotyledon, hypocotyl / epicotyl and radicle.
-cotyledon is the first leaf that germinates
and is filled with stored food that plant uses
before it begins photosynthesis.
-epicotyl or hypocotyl is the basis for the
plant’s stem. Epicotyl = above the cotyledon,
Hypocotyl = below the cotyledon. They grow
upward in response to light.
seed

-radicle
- the part of
the seed
where root
develops