MACASIEB. RENZ JIAN B.

BSA III-B

LESSON I: THE PROPAGATION ENVIRONMENT

QUICK ASSESSMENT
1. How important it is for you to know what kind of establishment will be used to
reproduce the nursery crop?
 It is very important to know the know the kind of establishment will be used in
reproducing a nursery crop because it is a considerable importance in flood prone areas
because it is relatively more sensitive to flooding during germination and early seedling
growth.

2. How important is managing the propagation environment

 It is so important because it dictates the extent to which environmental conditions

may be controlled. Also it is a very narrow segment of plants life.
LESSON II: MEDIA FOR PROPAGATION AND GROWING NURSERY PLANTS

1. State the different qualities of ideal plant growth media

 The growth medium must be sufficiently firm to hold the cutting in place during rooting.
The volume must be fairly constant when it is dry or wet.
 It must be sufficiently retentive of moisture so that frequency in watering can be
minimized.
 It must be porous so that excess of water can be drained out.
 The media should be free from weed seeds, pathogens, termites, nematode etc.
 The media should be capable or suitable for getting sterilized without any ill effects.
 LESSON III: PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR
QUICK ASSESSMENT
1. Differentiate plant growth regulator and plant hormone
 Plant growth regulator
 Are organic substances other than nutrient, effective in small amounts usually produce in
one part and transported to the site of action.

 Plant hormone
 Is applied to a certain substance, made in one part of an organism, which, after
translocation induce pronounce physiological effects in other parts of the organism being
operative in very low concentrations.

2. List down the different phytohormone and its distinctive effect on plant
Auxins Cytokinins Gibberellins Abscissic Acid Ethylene
 Maintain of  Causes  Accelerates  Organ  Accelerates
release apical germinatio seed yellowing seed
dominance n in light germinatio because of germinatio
 Organ reguiring n in general senescence n in general
yellowing seed such  Causes (accelerates)  Causes
because of as lettuce germinatio  promotes germinatio
senescence (in some n in light flowering in n in light
(prevents in cases) reguiring plants reguiring
some cases)  Maintain seed such (inhibits in seed such
 Promotes of release as lettuce some long as lettuce
increase of apical  Maintain of dash day  Maintain of
respiration in dominance release plants, release
ripening fruit (release if) apical variable apical
 promotes  Organ dominance effects on dominance
flowering in yellowing  Organ short day (in some
plants because of yellowing  Modifies sex cases)
(pineapple) senescence because of expression in  Organ
 Affects (prevents senescence flowers yellowing
absicission of in some (prevents (gynoecious because of
leaves or fruits cases) in some plants) senescence
(when applied at  Promotes cases)  Affects (tends to
certain stages of bolting and  Promotes absicission of accelerate)
organ flowering bolting and leaves or  Promotes
development) in rosette flowering fruits increase of
 Promotes fruit biennials in rosette (accelerate in respiration
growth (in few biennials some cases) in ripening
 Stimulates root cases)  promotes  Stimulates fruit
initiation in  Affects flowering root initiation  promotes
 cutting inhibits absicission in plants in cutting flowering
root growth of leaves (inhibits in inhibits root in plants
 Causes or fruits some growth (in (pineapple)
parthenocarpy (may woody some cases)  Modifies
(but in some delay) plants)  Inhibits root sex
fruits like  Promotes  Modifies growth (may expression
balimbing) fruit sex inhibit) in flowers
 Modifies sex growth (in expression  Affects stem (favors
expression in some) in flowers growth of femaleness
flowers (favors  Stimulates (favors intact plants )
femaleness) root maleness) are exposed to  Affects
initiation  Affects light (may absicission
in cutting absicission inhibited with of leaves or
inhibits of leaves or repeated fruits
root fruits (not application) (through
growth directly) acceleratio
(variable  Promotes n of
response) fruit senescence
 Inhibits growth  Stimulates
root  Inhibits root
growth (in root growth initiation in
some (occasional cutting
cases) ly inhibits
 Causes promotes) root growth
parthenoca  Causes
rpy (in parthenocar
some py
cases) (especially
in fruit not
promoted
by auxin
 Affects
stem
growth of
intact
plants are
exposed to
light
(promotes)
LESSON IV: IRRIGATION OF NURSERY CROP
QUICK ASSESSMENT
1. How important it is to choose what type of irrigation you will use in your nursery.
 Choosing the type of irrigation is the most critical aspect of nursery operations. Because
one missed watering session can cause serious injury and even death to plants at any
stage of development. Therefore, good design and operation of an irrigation system is
central to managing a nursery successfully.
LESSON V: NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
QUICK ASSESSMENT
1. State the criteria of essentially by Arnon and Stout
 There is a positive requirement of the element for normal growth or reproduction or to
complete the plants life cycle
 The function of the element cannot be replaced by another element
 The element has a direct or indirect function in plant metabolism

2. Why we need to know what essential elements our plants needs?

 Understanding a plants essential needs helps in growing healthy, strong plants. Just like
humans, plants also needs essential elements for them to grow well, develop, reproduce
and remain healthy.
LESSON VI: PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN NURSERY
1. Walk around outside your house. List down and picture five (5) common diseases
and pest of nursery plants.

Chewed leaves, Chewed or skeletonized Leaf mines (white

Or slime trails leaves patterns on leaves)

Soft scale Ants

LESSON VII: SANITATION AND OTHER CULTURAL PRACTICES
SUMMATIVE TEST
1. Means the process of removing excess water from the soil using artificial means so cs to
enhance crop production. DRAINAGE

2. Is often the most practical irrigation strategy for small native plant nurseries or for
nurseries producing a diversity of species with radically different water requirements.
HAND WATERING

3. Is a very common easily available and comparatively cheaper medium used in nursery.
SOIL

4. It is the principal growth promoting elements. NITROGEN

5. Is operation for the removal of live or dead branches and pest and disease infested
branches from nursery plants to check spread of pest and disease in nursery plants.
PRUNING

6. Is an effective and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that relies on

a combination of common-sense practices. INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

7. Are organisms that damage or interfere with desirable plants in our fields and orchards,
landscapes, or wildlands, or damage homes or other structures. PESTS

8. Substance made in one part of an organism, which, after translocation, induce pronounce
physiological effects in other parts of the organism, being operative in very low
concentrations. HORMONE

9. A substance through which plant roots grow and extract water and nutrients.
GROWING MEDIUM

10. Is the single most important biological factor affecting plant growth and health.
WATER

ll. Essay
 1. Discuss the criteria of essentiality by Arnon and Stout. (10points)
• There is a positive requirement of the element for normal growth or reproduction or to
complete the plants life cycle
• The function of the element cannot be replaced by another element
• The element has a direct or indirect function in plant metabolism
2. Discuss the integrated pest management and its components. (20 points)
 Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an effective and environmentally sensitive
approach to pest management that relies on a combination of common-sense practices.
IPM programs use current, comprehensive information on the life cycles of pests and
their interaction with the environment. The IPM approach can be applied to both
agricultural and non-agricultural settings, such as the home, garden, and workplace. IPM
takes advantage of all appropriate pest management options including, but not limited to,
the judicious use of pesticides.
 Prevention - Such measures may also mitigate the severity of any pest problems that do
arise, which means less money spent on potentially harmful pesticides.
 Identification- Because IPM relies on sustainable measures that target specific pests, it’s
important to clearly identify the cause of an emerging problem.
 Monitoring- Regular inspections also let you know when a pest population is growing
and where nests are located.
 Assessment- You may not always need to take action against pests. For instance, clover
is considered a pest by some growers, but others appreciate the plant’s contributions to
soil fertility. Determining your damage threshold makes resource management easier.
 Planning- IPM relies on synchronizing various methods of pest control
 Evaluation- Follow-up monitoring is a crucial part of pest management. Identify what
worked and what didn’t and keep records for future reference.

3. Discuss the steps and importance of sterilization prior in nursery use. (10 points)
- the formulation and application of measures designed to
protect plant health‖. Maintenance of sanitation is necessary in any plant
propagation work. If all the necessary sanitary precautions are taken at the
onset, the problems would be less in magnitude and its management can be
done effectively. It is necessary to use clean growing media, sterile containers,
a sanitized bench and pathogen free planting materials in all plant
propagation processes.
Sterilization
General Mixing and Handling Recommendations
 Test the media pH, total soluble salts (electrical conductivity) and wettability
before use.
 Do NOT make changes to your current growing media without experimenting
first to see if changes may affect your cultural practices.
 Thoroughly mix components, but don‘t overmix, especially if a medium
contains vermiculite or plastic-coated slow-release fertilizer.
 Do NOT store media that contains fertilizer for long periods of time, especially
if the media is moist.
 Avoid contamination of components or finished media by keeping
amendments in closed bags or by covering outdoor piles.
 Do not allow mixes containing a significant amount of peat moss to dry out