 Plant hormones 

(also known as phytohormones) are organic

substances that regulate plant growth and development.
Plant hormones may be part of a signal-transduction pathway, or
their presence may stimulate reactions that are signal and/or
causative agents for stress responses.
Plant hormones as signal molecules regulate cellular processes in
targeted cells locally and when moved to other locations of the
plant. They also determine the formation of the root, stem, leaf, and
flower and facilitate the shedding of leaves and the development
and ripening of fruits. Hormones shape the plant and affect seed
growth, time of flowering, sex of flowers, and senescence of leaves
and fruits. They affect which tissues grow upward and which grow
downward and even plant death. Hormones are vital to plant growth
and lacking them, plants would be mostly a mass of undifferentiated
cells.
 Phototropism- the orientation of a plant or other organism in
response to light, either toward the source of light (positive
phototropism) or away from it (negative phototropism).
 Iz knjige podvuceno
 In order to knowwhat causes the cells on the dark side to grow faster
than the cell on brogh side, Charles Darwin had done an experiment.
He noticed that if light is shone on a coleoptile (shoot tip) from one
side the shoot bends (grows) toward the light. The ‘bending’ did not
occur in the tip itself but in the elongating part just below it. Removing
the tip or covering it with foil meant that the shoot could no longer
‘bend’ toward the light. Covering the elongating part of the shoot did
not affect the response to light at all!
Darwin Concluded that: “Some influence is transmitted from the tip to the
more basal regions of the shoot thereby regulating growth and inducing
curvature- basically the shoot tip determines the wither the plant will grow
towards or away from the light

Role of abscisic acid (ABA) in plant development and stress response. Abscisic acid
regulates different developmental processes, such as seed dormancy and shoot and
root development. In leaves, ABA transport to the guard cells triggers stomatal
closure in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.