LANGUAGE ANALYSIS

GRAMMAR / FUNCTION

TARGET LANGUAGE e.g. Present Perfect

EXAMPLE/S FROM MATERIALS e.g. He has been to Thailand

MEANING e.g. The present perfect here is used to express experiences (i.e. finished actions in the past with no specific
time reference)

FORM e.g. have/has + past participle (think also about changes that take place in question forms, negatives and short
answers)

PRONUNCIATION e.g. have/has is pronounced weakly: /həv / / həz / in question forms and long affirmative sentences;
when forming a negative it is more natural to use a contraction: haven’t / hasn’t

WRITTEN RECORD e.g. I will elicit M, F, P onto the board and Ss will copy from there

REFERENCE MATERIAL USED i.e. state the grammar book/s you looked the target language up in
ANTICIPATED PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS: GRAMMAR/FUNCTION

(What problems of M, F and P might Ss have with the previously analysed language? List and explain these problems and include
details of a solution).

MEANING: (Describe how you would create the context, convey and check the meaning)
e.g.

Problem 1: Ss may not be able to distinguish between Present Perfect and Past Simple

Solution 1: Write on the board: I ___ ___ to London. And: I ____ to London last year.(elicit/ provide: have been/went) Ask the
following concept questions focused on the Present Perfect:

-Is the action finished? Yes. - Do we know exactly when the action happened? No.

Ask concept questions about the Past Simple: - -Is the action finished? Yes. - Do we know exactly when the action happened? Yes.

FORM e.g.

Problem 1: Ss may want to insert ‘did’ into the question form: “Did he have visited Thailand?”

Solution 1: Highlight on the board and ask Ss: do we use ‘did’ in the Present Perfect? No

PRONUNCIATION e.g.

Problem 1: Ss may not produce weak forms of have / has and therefore sound unnatural

Solution 2: Highlight weak forms: model both strong and weak forms of have/has, model a target sentence and ask Ss
what they hear. Then drill.