Answers

Chapter 1
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
SkillCheck 3 a 25 2
pffiffiffiffiffi
b 6 2
pffiffiffi
c 12
pffiffi
3 d 56 2
pffiffiffi
7
e 10 f 3
pffiffi
g 3pffiffiffi h 6 6
1 a 16 b 106.09 c 34 pffiffiffiffiffi 5 5
pffiffiffi
i 18 17 j k 3 2 l 3pffiffiffiffi 3
d 28 e 7 f 11 pffiffiffiffiffi 2 pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi 13
m 40 10 n 15 3 o 14 17 p 3
2 a 25 cm b 28 cm c 76 mm
4 a F b F c T d T
3 81, 25, 199, 16, 64
e T f F

Exercise 1-01 Mental skills 1A

1 a k2 ¼ m2 þ n2 b d 2 ¼ p 2 þ c2 c x2 ¼ w2 þ y2
d k2 ¼ h2 þ t2 e z2 ¼ c2 þ r2 f q2 ¼ f 2 þ d2 2 a 895.4 b 37 c 83.1 d 4200
2 a 10 cm b 13 m c 30 cm e 5271.6 f 1561 g 31 840 h 6430
d 37 cm e 26 mm f 34 cm i 22.4 j 48.94 k 7389 l 1142
g 20 cm h 5.8 m i 25 cm 4a 73.34 b 0.94 c 6.52 d 0.104
j 20.5 m k 61 mm l 19.5 m e 0.704 f 1.985 g 0.02 h 4.159
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
3 a 325 cm b 377 cm c 3541 mm i 12.3 j 0.007 58 k 0.0849 l 0.0251
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
d 4405 mm e 117 cm f 4122 mm
4 a 82.9 mm b 2.6 m c 107.4 mm Exercise 1-05
d 30.6 cm e 6.5 m f 85.4 mm pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi 1 a 7 7 b 5 2 c 6 5 d 4 5
5 B 6 22:81 m pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi
e 0 f 10 g 8 15 h  6
7 a 69.1 cm b 4.4 m c 13.4 cm pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi
i 2 3 j 10 5 k 6 10 l 5 3
d 179.6 mm e 4.4 m f 6.26 m pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
2 a 5 58 b 13 10 þ 3 2 c 9 3 þ 5 2
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
d 7 15 þ 8 12 e 3 7  2 5 f 2 68 3
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
Exercise 1-02 g 13 11  3
pffiffiffi
h 6 13 þ 11 7 i 6 7
j 3 5
1 a 12 mm b 16 cm c 8m
3 a D b A
d 15 mm e 18 cm f 12 mm pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
4 a 6 2 b 3 3 c 2 5
2 a 18.1 cm b 14.4 cm c 93.7 cm pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
d  7 e 5 6 f 7 5
d 24.1 m e 35.0 cm f 48.4 m pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi g  10 h 8 11 i 6 2
3 a 5031 cm b 5520 m or 4 345 m pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi j 8 3 k 3 2 l 9 2
c 1344 m or 8 21 m d 10:32 cm pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi m 11 3 n  5 o 6 3
e 14:03 m f 37 127 m pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
p 30 3 q 5 7 r 41 2
4 B 5 B 6 C 7 10.39 cm 8 212 mm or 21.2 cm pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
s 5 6 t 29 2 u 15 3
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
v 0 w 6 2þ2 3 x 12 3 þ 3 6
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
Exercise 1-03 y 3 26 5 z 4 6

1 C 2 B
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi Exercise 1-06
3 32, 33, 4:9, 52, 200
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi
4 a R b I c R d R 1 a 14 b  35 c 4 3 d 6
pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi
e R f R g R h R e 5 2 f 45 g 15 30 h 10 21
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
i I j R k I l I i 140 j 30 2 k 36 l 60 2
pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
5 a 1 47, p2, 2 b 2 79, 3 20, 2:6_ m 112 n 24 6 o 80 p 90 6
pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
6, 7 Teacher to check, 5  2:24, 10  3:16, 17  4:12 q 396 r 160 5 s 216 2 t 96 6
pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi
u 36 5 v 60 10 w 252 3 x 72 14
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
Exercise 1-04 2 a 5 b  pffiffi3 c 3 6
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
d 2 2 e  27 or  12 7 f 21
pffiffiffi
1 a 2 b 5 c 27 d 250 g 1 h 8 i 5 3
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
e 0.09 f 28 g 45 h 50 j 5 2 k 4 p3ffiffi l 2 6
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi
2 a 2 2
pffiffiffi
b 3 3
pffiffiffi
c 2 6
pffiffiffi
d 3 6
pffiffiffi m 2 14 n  42 or  14 2 o 1
pffiffiffi
e 9 3 f 3 5 g 4 3 h 10 2 p 10 q 4 r 21 2
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
i 4 6 j 3 7 k 12 2 l 6 3 s 12 t 2 u 2
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi 3
m 5 3 n 7 3 o 4 2 p 11 2 3 a 2 b 4 6 c 30 d 2
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi 45
q 9 2 r 7 5 s 5 5 t 16 2 e 14 3 f 2

576 9780170193085
 Answers

Exercise 1-07 Chapter 1 revision

1 a 21.0 cm b 4.7 m c 120.0 mm d 11.9 cm
1 a (AB)2 þ (AC)2 ¼ (BC)2 b n2 þ p2 ¼ q2
e 27.1 mm f 28.0 m g 8.5 cm h 1.9 m
c (EF)2 þ (FG)2 ¼ (EG)2
i 40.1 m j 4.0 m k 11.7 cm l 13.9 m
pffiffiffiffiffi 2 B
2 21 m 3 66 cm 4 92.2 km pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
pffiffiffiffiffi 3 a 175 mm b 113 mm c 98:72 m
5 a 5 b 58
4 B
6 a 48 cm b 31.4 cm c 170 cm
5 a 34.9 m b 12.2 cm c 824.9 m
d 127.9 mm e 35.9 cm f 6.5 m
pffiffiffiffiffi 6 a I b R c R d I
7 a 38.3 cm b 12.21 c 31
e R f R g R h R
8 637.1 m 9 752 m
i I
10 a 21.8 m b 23 m pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi
7 a 6 2 b 7 2 c 5 11
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
d 8 2 e 15 6 f 14 7
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
Exercise 1-08 g 48 2 h 15 5 i 28 3
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
8 a 7 5 b 3 73 2 c 2þ6 5
1 a Yes b Yes c No d Yes pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
d 3 7 e 13 2 f 5 27 5
e No f Yes g No h Yes pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
g 14 2 þ 17 3 h 32 5  9 7
i No j Yes k No l Yes pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi
9 a 21 b 2 10 c 4 3 d 55
2 172 þ 212 ¼ 730, 302 ¼ 900 6¼ 730 pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi
e 2pffiffi 6 pffiffi f p14 ffiffi g 4 6 h 1
[ triangle is not right-angled i 66 or 3p3ffiffi2 j 3 2 2 or p3ffiffi2 k 23
3 C 4 B 10 168 cm
11 a
Mental skills 1B N

2 a 16 000 b 210 c 9900 d 600

e 16 000 f 400 g 490 h 52 P 6 km
i 1500 j 1160 k 180 l 13 200
4a 8 b 5 c 8 d 22
e 4 f 50 g 9 h 9.3 4 km
i 8.5 j 4.23 k 9.6 l 24

Exercise 1-09
b 7.2 km
1 a Yes b Yes c Yes 12 a 432 m b 1.296 km
d No e Yes f No 13 48.5 cm
g Yes h Yes i No 14 a No b Yes c Yes
2 D 3 Check with a spreadsheet. 15 a Yes b No c Yes d Yes
4 Teacher to check.
5 a b ¼ 12, c ¼ 13
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi Chapter 2
b 122 þ 52 ¼ 169 ¼ 13 [ (5, 12, 13) is a triad.
6 a (7, 24, 25) b (11, 60, 61) c (15, 112, 113) SkillCheck
d (4, 7.5, 8.5) e (9, 40, 41) f (19, 180, 181)
1 a 56 b 20 c 22 d 100
g (10, 49.5, 50.5) h (51, 1300, 1301)
e 9 f 20 g 13 h 12
i 20 j 80 k 3 l 64
Power plus m 11 n 32 o 3 p 19
q 20 r 4
1 BD, BC, CE, DE, CD 2 a 0.7, 0.7007, 0.707, 7.007 b 0.002, 0.022 02, 0.202, 0.22
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi 3 a 0.009 b 15.4 c 0.246
2 128 m or 8 2 m
3 a 22.6 b 10.6 4 C
5 1 11 7
4 a 16.2 m b 16.9 m 5 a 1 21 b 1 10 c 36 d 30
15 3
5 5.8 e 28 f 10 g 4 12 h 4 23
6 a 21.21 cm b 25.98 cm i 1 12 j 5
6 k 3
35 l 1 27
6 a 25% b 30% c 7% d 60%
7 5%, 0.5, 59, 35
9780170193085 577
 Answers

Exercise 2-01 Mental skills 2A

1 a 0:16_ b 0:27_ 3_ c 0:8_ d 0:209_
2 a 625 b 3025 c 2025 d 7225
2 a 0.109 810 98… b 0.171 717 17…
e 13 225 f 56.25 g 9025 h 38 025
c 0.255 55… d 8.318 318…
i 2.25 j 4225 k 24 025 l 60 025
3 a 0.875 (T) b 0:2_ 7_ (R) c 4:8_ (R) d 2.6 (T)
4a 441 b 10 201 c 961 d 8281
e 0.76 (T) f 0:6_ (R) g 0.65 (T) h 1:583_ (R)
e 26.01 f 6561 g 3721 h 40 401
i 8.325 (T) j 0:7083_ (R)
i 1.21 j 16.81
4 a 0:3_ b i 23 ii 99 ¼ 1
6a 3481 b 4761 c 7921 d 361
Exercise 2-02 e 11 881 f 24.01 g 6241 h 141.61
i 1521 j 98.01
2 8 7 7
1 a 9 b 9 c 45 d 18
7 65 31 103
e 15 f 99 g 99 h 165 Exercise 2-05
7 832 1 25
i 12 j 999 k 30 l 33
1 2
1 a $6300 b $300.96 c $660
2 a b
3 3 d $708.75 e $2529.60 f $1825
5 10
3 a 11 b 11 2 $21 386
3 a $94.50 b $46.72 c $254.79
Exercise 2-03 d $305.67 e $13 407.69 f $1185.67
1 a $12.75 b 72 kg c 7.2 m d $8.40 4 a 6.3% p.a. b 7.7% p.a. c 4.7% p.a.
e $4.20 f 11.4 kg g $21.75 h 24 L 5 6 years
i $106.88 j $2180 k 1.5625 t l $14.88 6 100 months
2 a 29% b 24 534 7 144 days
3 186 4 140 g 5 106.25 kg 8 a $1400 b 10% p.a.
6 a $500.50 b $92.40 c $2040 9 a $6144 b $2144 c 13.4% p.a.
d 82 kg e 45.5 m f 288 L
7 a $539.50 b 114 min c 79.2 L Exercise 2-06
d 5.1 m e 97.5 kg f $86.85
1 a 12 : 7 b 5 : 12 c 25 : 12 d 3:2
8 a $43 b $903
e 124 : 39 f 12 : 5 g 17 : 6 h 5 : 18
9 $20.90 10 $6.69/kg 11 $944.23 12 $14 520
i 25 : 4 j 15 : 16 k 15 : 2 l 5:6:2
13 a 68.8% b 66.7% c 64.3% d 83.3%
m 3:4:1 n 6:1:4 o 5 : 18 p 1:2
e 66.7% f 15% g 14.6% h 12.5%
2 a 3 : 16 b 25 : 4 c 8:3
i 17% j 12.5% k 17% l 14%
d 3 : 10 e 1:3 f 1:5
14 English 80%, Maths 78%. English is the better mark.
g 3 : 20 h 14 : 1 i 8:1
15 33.3% 16 19.79% 17 $1100 18 $1060
3 9 4 $312 000 5 16
19 $8400 20 750 g 21 $83 654
6 20 m3 gravel, 15 m3 sand, 5 m3 cement
Exercise 2-04 7 1125
8 a i 3:5 ii 3 : 1 b 29.2 g
1 a $600 b 92.3% 9 Shahid $27 600, Bridie $32 400
2 a $1500 b 9.375% 10 D
3 a $4500 b $1700 c 37.8% 11 a 67.5 km/h b $8.40/kg c 56 words/min
4 a $130 000 b 15.3% d 12.1 km/L e 7.7 m/s f 41.7 g/m2
5 40% 6 33 13 % 7 91 23 % g 22.5 km/day h $71.67/h
8 a $1.56 b $1.95 c $7.15 d $10.39 12 a 162.5 km b 552.5 km
9 C 10 C 11 $16.58 12 23.5% 13 21.8% 13 a $27.50/h b $1100 c 8 days
14 a 31.25% b 48.7% 14 a $15.99/kg b $47.97 c 2.5 kg
15 $140 16 $3295 17 B 18 $289 15 a 74.24 L b 6.728 L c 16.24 L
19 a $2090, $22 990 b $181, $1991 16 3.9 L/100 km 17 32 500
c $14.50, $159.50 d $18, $198 18 a 4680 beats/hour b 12 min 49 seconds
20 a $1.90, $19 b $67.20, $672 c $2.85, $28.50 19 A
d $5.99, $59.90 e $84, $840 f $18, $180 20 a 129.7 persons/km2 b 3.0 persons/km2
21 a $1329.30 b $1262.84 c $636.17 d 33.5% c 997 652 400
22 a $599 b $509.15 c $483.69 d $479.20
e No, the 15% discount followed by the 5% discount is the
same as a 19.25% discount.
578 9780170193085
 Answers

Exercise 2-07 2 a 6 b 18 c 21
d 43 e 18 f 5
1 a 18 000 m/h b 108 000 m/h c $0.01/g 3 14.4 cm
d 1200 mL/h e 2400 mL/h f 18 000 mL/h 4 a 11n b 6h c 9pq d 5x2
g 50 000 kg/ha h 2500 kg/day i $39 000/year e 4w f 40x g 6gh h 18y2
j 30 km/h k 360 sheep/day l $420/week i 5x j 6 k 2y l n2
2 a 18 km/h b 1260 m/h c $100/kg 5 a 4 b 9 c 15
d 2.4 L/h e 666.7 mL/s f 432 L/day 6 a 12 b 3
c 16 7
d 1 40
8 35
g 250 kg/ha h 60 000 kg/day i 30:5_ m/s
j 50 g/cm k 8 m/mL l $42/h Exercise 3-01
3 a 97.2 km/h b 349.2 km/h c 11.88 km/h
1 a fg b 9uvw c 8t þ 3
d 108 km/h e 82.8 km/h
d 3x þ 10y e 2g þ h f 3f  2fg
4 a 15 m b 20 m c 27.5 m
g 5p2  3 h 4p  4q i 3  2r
j 10a þ 4b k 6v þ 10 l 3x þ 3y
Mental skills 2B
m 6p þ 7q n 15  5w o 2  10n
p 6e  7f q 5l2  4l r 6b2  6b
2 a 2.8 b 4.2 c 5.3 d 10.5
2 C
e 8.9 f 5.6 g 3.5 h 8.1
3 a correct b incorrect c incorrect d correct
i 8.7 j 5.4 k 6.3 l 11.2 e correct f incorrect g correct h incorrect
i correct j correct
Power plus 4 a 4m þ 6p b 16d c 4x þ 5y
d 6p þ 3 e 90h f 12a þ 18c
1 A ¼ 17 9
80, B ¼ 40, C ¼ 80
19
5, 6 Teacher to check.
2 $21 000 3 44:4% _ 4 $11.68
5 a 666.667 L Exercise 3-02
b Three decimal places mean to the nearest mL and
1 a 40x b 15n c 5ab d 6t2
measuring cups do not measure to the nearest mL.
e 12w f 6p g 12ed h 24vw
6 $108 7 11.1 sec 8 25 : 28
D D
i 64q2 j 20a2 k 24by l 36w2
9 Jordan arrives first. Jordan takes 50 h and James takes 48 h,
k 25n2 l 9r2 m a2t2
where D is the distance travelled.
2 a 4x b 15 c 9 d 3n
10 a 20 years b 20 years 1
e 6 f 4ac g 6 h 5z
1 r
i 5q j 3yz k l 6k
Chapter 2 revision 3 C
4

4 a 30abc b 24pq c 8n d 15
1 0:3_ 6_
e 36hk f 40k2 g d2 h 17
2 a 89 3
b 11 c 1
6 i 11m j 1
5 k 4ac l 6e2f2
3 a $243.60 b 7.425 kg c $8.77
5 a correct b incorrect c correct d incorrect
4 a 162 L b $21.88 e correct f correct g correct h incorrect
5 a 8 13 % b 16 23 % i correct j correct
6 295 runs 7 D 6 a 6ad b 25m2 c 5hk
8 a $380 000 b 152% d 12py e 3a2 f 10ck
9 $272.73 7 a 8m3 b 60dty c 12kw2
10 a $1932 b $54.46
11 13% Exercise 3-03
12 a 4:9 b 7 : 400 c 20 : 3 3w 11k m
1 a 4 b 8 c 2 d x
13 Bill: $476 190.48, Ben: $323 809.52 9 1 5r 3
e f g h
14 a 83 km/h b 332 km c 12.0 h q d w c
4tþs 2y 1 3
15 a 2880 mL/h b 0.14 kg/m2 c 8 13 m/s d 24 cm/min i 3 j h k a l e
pþ3 u 1 2e
m z n 4g o 3f p 5
Chapter 3 q 5a
3 r 2
d s 4
k t 1
a
7x 4s 8h
2 a 12 b 21 c 15 d  5m
14
SkillCheck 9w 17t 11p 5r
e 20 f 20 g 15 h 6
1 a $pQ b $(40 þ t) c 1000h m i 13c
j 6d11r
k 9hþ10a
l 25þ24w
10 33 15 30
d mþpþvþw y
e $100 21þ8a 5e 7m2n 12kþ5m
4 m 28 n 24 o 14 p 30

9780170193085 579
 Answers

Exercise 3-04 j 4r(4r  3) k 3t(2t þ 9) l 36p(p  3)

w st 5 12 m 4x(3xy  4) n 2p(9p þ 8r) o 4mn(m  n)
1 a 6 b 20 c 2hk d mn
p 7bc(2a þ 3) q 7vw(4  3vw) r 9rt(5 þ 6r)
5l 2 6 ac
e 3f f 3v2 g x2 h bd s 36pr(q2  4) t 16xy(3x þ 4y) u 25gh(3g2h  5)
d d2 2 12
i g j 36 k 3 l 5k 2 4 a (a  3)(a þ 6) b (8 þ t)(t  3) c (b þ 5)(b  2)
3u 2 d (2  y)(x  6) e (a  7)(5 þ b) f (a þ 3)(s þ 4)
m 5 n 1 o 3d
2 a 5
b m
c 4 d q g (g þ 5)(3p  2) h (2  3m)(5 þ 2n) i (8 þ r)(r þ 1)
2 2n 3
3d 20 3 9 j (y  6)(1  y)
e 10 f 27 g 5 h b
15 h2 11
5 a 4(q þ 2) b 9(u  2) c 3(g  2)
i 2 j k2 k 12 l 8 d 6(3a  2) e (n þ 1) f (n  1)
5u
m 9 n 6 o x g y(y þ 9) h 2t(3  5t) i 3a(a þ 2b)
6 12 3 5
3 a p b 35 c 20y d 4 j a(p  q) k 2e(10e þ 11) l 3m(3  m)
e 5x
z f c
3b g 25b
3 h 4t
27
6 B
1
i 2
j 50p2 t
k 2s
l 1 7 a 2 ðp þ g Þ b g(7 þ 9g)
3n 7 35 6h2 1
2 2yh 3af 2 c 4 xðx  yÞ d 4(2a þ 3y þ 1)
m 25y n o
9 25
e 5(4xy  2x2 þ y) f tm(t þ m þ 1)
g (m þ 2)(7y  p) h 10p(p þ q)
Mental skills 3A i 5a(1 þ 2ay)(x  y)

2 a 160 b 70 c 240 d 900 Exercise 3-07

e 2600 f 900 g 140 h 300
1 a x2 þ 18x þ 80 b a2 þ 9a þ 18
i 180 j 770 k 18 l 34
c 2d2 þ 9d þ 10 d 12h2 þ 31h þ 7
m 46 n 26 o 18 p 12
2 a w2 þ 4w  5 b x2 þ 3x  54
q 40 r 8 s 14 t 24
c t2  4t  32 d n2  12n þ 35
3 a 4y2 þ 11y þ 15 b 3r2 þ 17r þ 10 c 20k2 þ 17k þ 3
Exercise 3-05 d w2  2w  15 e 3v2 þ 11v  4 f p2  8p þ 15
4 a n2 þ 9n þ 18 b t2 þ 11t þ 30 c p2  100
1 a 4h þ 24 b 15 þ 3t c 6b þ 21
d x2  5x  24 e b2 þ 7b  18 f u2  15u þ 56
d 40 þ 15x e x2 þ 9x f 5p þ p2
g 15 þ 14r  r2 h a2  19a þ 90 i c2  8c þ 15
g 6r2 þ 3r h 4y þ 12y2 i 20e2 þ 40ef
j t2 þ t  2 k y2 þ 6y  40 l n2 þ 2n  99
2 a 3t  6 b 35  7d c 64g  24
5 D
d w2  7w e a2  a f 18h2  6h
6 a 2x2 þ 11x þ 15 b 12e2 þ 23e þ 10
g 12x2  4x h 10x2  20xy i 12ab  21a2
c 3p2 þ 7p  10 d 49d2  28d þ 4
3 a incorrect b correct c correct
e 6f2 þ 4f  10 f 12m2 þ 5m  25
4 a a þ 5 b a  5 c 2x  12
g 6 þ 7h  20h2 h 8p2  38p þ 35
d 2x þ 12 e 11  w f 11 þ w
i 10m2 þ 23m  12 j 6t2 þ 7t  5
g y2  9y h 8x þ xz i 4t2 þ 32t
k 25y2  25 l 4a2 þ 24a  36
5 C
7 a (100 þ x) cm b (75 þ x) cm
6 a 19m þ 10 b 3  9e c 10
c A ¼ x2 þ 175x þ 7500 cm2 d x2 þ 175x
d 43  10x e t2 þ 7t þ 12 f 12 þ 11h  2h2
e 17.51 cm2
g 6x2 þ 23x þ 20 h 2v2  3v  6 i w2  8w þ 3
8 a l ¼ 4 þ x, w ¼ 3 þ y b A ¼ (4 þ x)(3 þ y)
j 6y2  29y þ 35
c A ¼ 12 þ 4y þ 3x þ xy d 3x þ 4y þ xy

Exercise 3-06 Exercise 3-08

1 a 6 b 8 c 5 1 a 20x b m2 c t2 d þ 8h
d 3 e m f c e  18k f þ 80f g 4d2 þ 12d h 36a2, 1
g 6p h 8w i (x  5) 2 a m2 þ 18m þ 81 b u2 þ 6u þ 9
2 a 6(3p2 þ 4) b 3m(3m þ 1) c 10d(2  3d) c y2  12y þ 36 d 64 þ 16k þ k2
d 2xy(3x  4) e (x  2)(x þ 5) f (3 þ n)(n  3) e 25  10h þ h2 f 49 þ 14k þ k2
g (h þ 4)(h  2) h (1  w)(v þ 1) g f2 þ 40f þ 400 h q2  22q þ 121
3 a 6(4x þ 5) b 9(4 þ 3a) c 16(g2  4) i 100 þ 20t þ t2 j x2  2xw þ w2
d y(x þ 1) e n(m  3) f p(6 þ q) k a2 þ 2ag þ g2 l 4m2  12m þ 9
g x(x þ 1) h y(2  y) i 3d(d þ 2) m 25x2  60x þ 36 n 81a2 þ 36a þ 4

580 9780170193085
 Answers

o 9e2  24e þ 16 p 25 þ 70b þ 49b2 3 a 60a2 b n2 þ 4n þ 4 c 2t2  8t

q 16  40p þ 25p2 r 121  44c þ 4c2 d 8m2 þ 2n2 e x2 f 1  2b2
s 100g2 þ 60g þ 9 t 9k2 þ 66k þ 121 g 3y2 þ 12y þ 14 h 3x2 þ 9 i 34n2  34
u 25 þ 20v þ 4v2 j 4b2
3 a 49h2 þ 28hk þ 4k2 b 64a2  48ay þ 9y2
c x2y2 þ 2xyz þ z2 d 1 þ 2y þ y12 Exercise 3-11
e t 2  2 þ t12 f w92 þ 6 þ w2 1 a (b þ d)(4a þ 5c) b (y þ t)(2x  5w)
4 a 441 b 2025 c 841 c (3c þ 4d)(3a þ 2b) d (10 þ x)(x2 þ 3)
d 3481 e 10 404 f 9604 e 3(a þ b)(a þ c) f 6(t þ p)(r  3w)
5 a Two squares of length x cm have been cut from the ends, g (7 þ d)(2e  3) h (h  2)(k  h)
so the length of the base is (10  2x) cm. i (3m þ p)(n  2) j (9 þ q)(p2  3)
b 100  40x þ 4x2 c 10x  2x2 k (f  10)(g  h) l 3(l þ n)(3k  4m)
2 2
e 102  4 3 x ¼ 100  4x m (2  p)(p  c) n (l  3)(l2 þ m2)
o (a þ y)(x þ 1  k) p (a  b þ 3q)(p  2q)
Mental skills 3B 2 a (w þ 3)(w  3) b (y þ 6)(y  6)
c (k þ 1)(k  1) d (m þ 11)(m  11)
2 a 176 b 363 c 261 d 405 e (p þ 8)(p  8) f (t þ 10)(t  10)
e 682 f 707 g 1818 h 3564 g (2e þ f)(2e  f) h (a þ 3b)(a  3b)
i 152 j 540 k 2142 l 588 i (4y þ 1)(4y  1) j (2 þ b)(2  b)
m 288 n 693 o 3939 p 852 k (5 þ e)(5  e) l (1 þ 4x)(1  4x)
m (y þ z)(y  z) n (7 þ 4m)(7  4m)
Exercise 3-09 o (b þ 11d)(b  11d) p (6c þ 5k)(6c  5k)
q (4 þ 9h)(4  9h) r (5a þ 8m)(5a  8m)
1 a m2  25 b c2  100 c a2  144 s (10 þ 7n)(10  7n) t (11p þ 12q)(11p  12q)
2 2 1     
d 36  y e 64  m f p2  1 u þ 5c 12  5c v 2t þ 13 2t  13
g 25  e 2 2
h v  121 i w2  9 2  
w 5h þ 32 5h  32 x (1 þ mn)(1  mn)
j x2  100 k q2  49 l 81  g2
3 a 2(a þ b)(a  b) b 7(k þ 2)(k  2)
m b2  4 n 225  r2 o d2  169
2 2
c 3(1 þ 5u)(1  5u) d x(x þ 7)(x  7)
2 a 4h  9 b 25r  16 c 25b2  64
2 2
e k(1 þ 4k)(1  4k) f 2(5q þ 1)(5q  1)
d 16p  49 e 9  64k f 49x2  25
g 3(d þ 2v)(d  2v) h 5t3(t þ 5)(t  5)
g 4  81m2 h 81k2  16l2 i 49n2  64m2
2 2 2 2
i 2(ab þ 1)(ab  1) j x2(y þ w)(y  w)
j 16g  25h k 49u  9w l 121a2  9b2
2 1 w2
k 12(4f þ 3g)(4f  3g)
m t  t2 n 9 4 o 1  r12   
2 l 5 3d þ 12 3d  12 or 54 ð6d þ 1Þð6d  1Þ
3 a p1 b pþ1 c p 1 d 7
m 2(x þ 2a)(x  2a) n 25(2 þ w)(2  w)
4 899   
o 5 12 þ 4e 12  4e or 54 ð1 þ 8eÞð1  8eÞ
5 a 399 b 2499 c 8099 d 6396   
6 a 29 b 47 c 3000 d 400 p 3c þ 2 1 3c  2 12 or 14 ð6c þ 5Þð6c  5Þ
p xp2 x   
e 240 f 196 4 a 4þ5 45 b x þ 13 x  13
v uv u   
7 a i l¼xþy ii w ¼ x  y c þ  d 2 3y  11
m y m
3 þ 11
74a 95b74a 9 5b
iii (x þ y)(x  y) or x2  y2 e f (t þ 3)(t  3)(t2 þ 9)
7 þ 2 7  2
b x2  y2, (x þ y)(x  y) ¼ x2  y2 g (10 þ n2)(10  n2) h y(2x þ y)
x yx y
i (p þ 4q)(3p  q) j 2þ6 26
Exercise 3-10
k 4ab
1 a 4m2  1 b 5y2 þ 17y  12
c 4k2  28k þ 49 d d2 þ 18d þ 81 Exercise 3-12
e 2e2 þ e  1 f 25a2  16
g p2 þ 4p  4 h 100  36y2 1 a 1, 6 b 3, 4 c 5, 3 d 3, 4
i h2  6hz þ 9z2 j 2xy þ 6x  3y  9 e 5, 4 f 2, 7 g 2, 5 h 5, 5
k 121a2  16b2 l u2  2 þ u12 i 2, 1 j 9, 2
2 a m2 b y2 þ 18 c 3x2 þ 7x þ 6 2 a (x þ 3)(x þ 4) b (x þ 7)(x þ 5)
d d2 þ 21 e 16k2  48 f 4xy c (x þ 4)(x þ 1) d (x þ 5)(x þ 2)
g 27t  10 h 2f2  8 i 12h þ 18 e (x þ 5)(x þ 4) f (t þ 1)(t þ 5)
j 5xy  6x þ 3y þ 9 g (e þ 2)(e þ 3) h (h þ 2)2

9780170193085 581
 Answers
i (n þ 10)(n þ 1)
k (d þ 4)(d þ 6)
3 a (y  3)(y þ 1)
c (h  4)(h þ 1)
e (e  9)(e þ 3)
4 a (x þ 4)(x  1)
c (m þ 5)(m  3)
e (k þ 7)(k  2)
g (m  4)(m  1)
i (x  7)(x  5)
k (n  2)(n  1)
5 a (m þ 2)2 b (p þ 10)2
6 a 3(m þ 1)(m þ 2)
c 5(t  10)(t þ 8)
e x(x  11)(x þ 10)
g 4(w þ 4)(w  3)
i 2(e þ 5)(e þ 4)
k (u  7)(u þ 6)
m (b þ 4)(b  3)
o (x  5)(x  7)
7 a (h  6)(h þ 3)
c (w þ 1)(w þ 7)
e (v þ 10)(v  2)
g (q  1)(q  5)
i 6(x þ 8)(x  2)
k 8(u  4)(u þ 1)
m (y  6)2
o 4l(l  4)(l þ 2)
q 2(d  6)(d þ 9)
Exercise 3-13
1 a (x þ 5)(2x þ 1)
c (x þ 3)(5x þ 2)
e (w þ 15)(2w þ 1)
g (2f þ 3)(4f þ 1)
i (b þ 1)(2b þ 7)
k (4g þ 3)(2g þ 5)
2 a (y  4)(2y  3)
c (2e  3)(3e  2)
e (w  3)(6w  5)
g (3x  2)2
i (2h  9)2
k (4d  5)(d þ 1)
m (3t  10)(t þ 3)
o (y  4)(2y þ 3)
q (5u  4)(3u þ 1)
3 a (5m þ 7)(m  1)
c (3p  2)(p þ 2)
e (5y  1)(y þ 3)
g (4b  3) (b þ 3)
i (3x þ 8)(x  2)
4 a (9w  10)2 b 4(y þ 1)2
5 a 2(t þ 2)(3t  1)
c 4(2e  3)(3e þ 1)
582
j (a þ 6)(a þ 5) e 4(t þ 2)(3t  1) f (5q þ 3)(5q  2)
l (y þ 4)(y þ 11) g 2(2m  1)(3m  2) h (3h þ 4)(4h  5)
b (r  7)(r þ 2) i 6(2c þ 3)(2c þ 1) j 3(z þ 1)(2z  5)
d (w  9)(w þ 2) k 2(2d  3)(3d þ 5) l 2(x  3)(3x  2)
f (a  6)(a þ 2) 6 a (a þ 1)(2a þ 3) b (2m  5)(6m  1)
b (t þ 8)(t  3) c (4x  1)(x þ 3) d (w  1)(7w  1)
d (a þ 2)(a  1) e (h  3)(4h þ 5) f (4x  3)(2x þ 1)
f (w þ 6)(w  2) g (r þ 5)(5r þ 1) h (d  7)(2d  1)
h (w  2)(w  4) i (3n þ 1)(2n  3) j (3m  2)(3m þ 4)
j (p  6)(p  4) k (5c  3)(c þ 1) l (3g þ 2)(5g þ 3)
l (a  3)2 m (4q þ 3)(2q  5) n (x  2)(3x 7)
c (a  5)2 o (3d  4)(d þ 4)
b 2(y þ 2)(y  1)
d 5e2(e þ 8)(e  3) Exercise 3-14
f 4(b  7)(b þ 6)
1 a (m  8)2 b 3d(d  1)
h 3a(a  4)(a þ 1)
c (d  3)(3d þ 5) d (3 þ h)(k  5)
j (t þ 8)(t  3)
e (5y þ 8)(5y  8) f 4(5f þ 4)(5f  4)
l (x  7)(x þ 4)
g q(q þ 3  3p) h (g  3)(g þ 1)
n (k  3)(k 4)
i 4(2b þ 5)(3b  2) j (5r þ 1)(5r  1)
k (b2 þ 1)(b þ 1) l (2x  5)2
b (t þ 9)(t  2)
m (5d  4)(d þ 1) n (b  1)2(b þ 1)
d (k þ 3)(k  15)
o 2(2 þ v)(2  v) p m(n þ 3)(n þ p)
f 3(c þ 5)2
q 2(w  6)2 r (6h þ 1)2
h (a  3)(a  1)
2 a (3r  8t)(5r þ 3t) b (2d þ 1)2
j (x  8)2
c 9(g þ 2k)(g  2k) d e(e  5)(e þ 2)
l (b þ 5)(b þ 6)
e 20(2p  3q)(3p  2q) f 7(2x þ 1)(2x  1)
n 5(r  2)(r þ 1)
g (a  b)(a þ b þ 4) h (c  2)2(c þ 2)
p (g  20)(g  4)
i (3a  1)(2a þ 5) j (t þ 7)(t  5)
r (n þ 2)(n  13)
k 2(3p þ 2)2 l (6a  1)(4a þ 1)
m 9(x þ 2)(x  3) n (a  3)(2ab  3)
o 2(a þ 3)2 p (5u  1)2
b (x þ 3)(4x þ 1) q (k  3)(4k þ 7) r 3(4 þ w)(4  w)
d (2x þ 5)(3x þ 2) s 3(1 þ 3s)(1  3s) t (k þ 4)2(k  4)
f (e þ 3)(4e þ 3) u 5y(y2  2y þ 3) v mn(m þ 2)(m  2)
h (d þ 1)(3d þ 2) w 2(a þ 2)(a  2) x 4(2c  3)(4c þ 1)
j (y þ 1)(5y þ 11)
l (3a þ 7)(2a þ 3) Exercise 3-15
b (2k  3)(5k  2) 1 bc
1 a xþy b c
d (b  3)(4b  1) 2ðtrÞ a
5
f (2t þ 5)(4t þ 3) d 1 e w4 f dþt
h (3f  4)(4f  3) g kþ5
k5 h 3(c  1) i aþ1
mþn
j (y þ 1)(5y  11) j yþ4
k kþ1
l 4aþ5c
2 kþ4 ac
l (2m þ 3)(m  3) m sþ2
n 12c
o aþ4
s3 3c1 2ðpþ2Þ
n (6h  7)(h þ 1) 7mþ10 2w20
2 a mðmþ1Þðmþ2Þ b wðwþ3Þðwþ5Þ
p (2a þ 1)(4a  3)
4b7 k2
r (3c þ 1)(3c  5) c ðb1Þðbþ2Þðb3Þ d k ðkþ1Þðk1Þ
5hþ12 4d1
b (3g  4)(2g þ 3) e 4hðhþ1Þ f ðdþ2Þðdþ1Þ
d (7w  1)(w þ 1) 425r d 2 þ3d6
g 4ðrþ6Þðr6Þ h d ðdþ2Þðd2Þ
f (3n  2)(n þ 4) i k 2 þ9k5
j 3q1
ðkþ1Þðk1Þðk4Þ ðqþ1Þðq1Þ
h (4m  1)(2m þ 3) 1 1
3 a 6m b 1 24 c 2 d 6k
10 3 r 4m
e f g h
c (5h  4)2 hþ1 2ðabÞ 5ðrþt Þ m1
4 3 2
b 3(g þ 4)(2g  3) i p j 7 k 3ðx2Þ l 3 13
ðdþ1Þðd3Þ f þ3 3
d 2(a  2)(4a þ 3) m 6 n 4ðf 3Þ o f 2
9780170193085
 Answers

Power plus 11 a (5m  3)(n þ 2) b (b  1)(a  1)

c (x þ y2)(xy  5) d (p2 þ 3)(10 þ p)
1 a u þ 4t b 2u þ 3t e (w þ 3)(w  3) f (m þ n)(m  n)
c 10u þ 14t d 4u2 þ 8ut  2t2 g (6 þ r)(6  r) h (4a þ 3)(4a  3)
2 5rþ6 i (9x þ y)(9x  y) j (7a þ 5b)(7a  5b)
2
3 a A ¼ y2  5y b P ¼ 4y  10 k 3(q þ 3)(q  3) l 2(5m þ 4)(5m  4)
4 5t hours m 6(2 þ 5d)(2  5d)
5 a a2 þ b2 þ 2ab þ ac þ bc 12 a (m  12)(m þ 1) b (y  3)(y  1)
b x2 þ xy  5x  2y þ 6 c (t  13)(t þ 5) d (p þ 9)(p  3)
c p3  6p2  7p þ 60 e 3(n þ 1)(n þ 2) f 4(y þ 2)(y  1)
d xyz  xy  yz  xz þ x þ y þ z  1 g (x  6)(x þ 3) h 5(b þ 4)(b  3)
e w2t2  6rwt þ 9r2 i (2k  1)(3k  4)
f x6 þ 4x3 þ 4 13 a (3x þ 2)(2x  1) b (5s þ 3)(s  2)
6 a (n þ 2m)2 b (x  y)2 c (4w  1)(2w  3) d 3(e þ 2)2
c (5x  4y) 2
d 5(a  3b)2 e 3(2y  3)(y þ 4) f 4(3a þ 1)(2a  3)
e (c2 þ 1)2 f (t2 þ 8)(t þ 1)(t  1) g 3(3x  2)2 h 2(4t  3)(2t  5)
2
g (x þ 1)(x þ 1)(x  1) h (a þ b  c) (a þ b þ c) i 2(3g  1)(2g  7)
i 4pq 14 a (8y þ 5)(8y  5) b (x  8)2
7 a both positive c 16(r  3) d (g  5)(3 þ h)
b the larger of p, q is negative; the smaller of p, q is positive e (a  1)2(a þ 1) f 3b(b þ 1)(b  1)
c the larger of p, q is positive; the smaller of p, q is negative g (4y þ 7)(y  3) h 2(3q þ 2)2
d both negative i (6p  1)(4p þ 1)
3yþ5 x1 wþ5
15 a 4 b 3xþ2 c w5
x4 2
16 a b 3ðx3Þ
Chapter 3 revision xðxþ1Þðx1Þ
k 2 3kþ10 5x9
c 2ðkþ3Þðk3Þ d ðxþ2Þðxþ3Þðx3Þ
4d 2 3dþ3 mþ18
1 a 16y b 3ab c 8x2 e d ðd1Þðd2Þ f ðmþ1Þðmþ4Þðm3Þ
9 2ðy3Þ
d 2p þ 2q e 6w  5 f 3x2  13x g 5 h y2
g 7m þ 10n h 3u þ 4 i 12d2  2d þ 4 i 1
2ðd2Þ j 5
4
2 a 18n b 3gh c ad
d 6r e 4y f 2x
Mixed revision 1
g 4 h 3 i 4p
5h 2
3 a 6 b k
2 c d  3w
20 _ _ recurring
m 1 a 0.8, terminating b 0:38461 5,
5k 3 d15 5
e 6 f 2d g 5k h mþ1 _
c 0:4, recurring d 4.75, terminating
20 3h 21 5
4 a im b k2 c d d 4 2 a 5m  2 b 20p þ m c 3n2  10n
5 2d p 14 4 20
e f 1 g h 3 a 33 b c 111
2 5 3 pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi 15
10a 16 45a4 75a 4 98, 160, 52
i 3 j 9 k 16bc l 4y pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
5 a 5r  10 b a2  10a c 6xy  15y 2 5 a 5 3 b 63 c 4 7 d 9 2
d 12p2  21pq e 6n2 þ 54n f 6t2  42t 6 a g ¼ 24.2 b e ¼ 4.2 c k ¼ 21.2
g b2 þ 6b þ 5 h 6x2  31x þ 35 i 30  12x 7 a p2  4p  32 b 6n2 þ 13n þ 5 c 49  y2
2 2
6 a 4(m  3) b x(y þ z) c 3(g þ 10) 8 a 25a þ 30a þ 9 b 9r  16 c 6x
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
d 8w(2w þ 3) e 8(q  2) f 5k(3  2hk) 9 a 13 2  3 5 b 2 c 25 2
pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi
g (y  6)(3 þ y) h (2x  1)(3x  2) i (p þ 6)(p  2) 10 a 3 6 b 30 c 8 10
pffiffiffi  
7 a a2 þ 5a þ 6 b y2  4y  21 c t2 þ 5t  24 d 3 e 4 3 f  72 or  3 12
d h2  9h þ 20 e 12 þ g  g2 f 6p2 þ 11p þ 3 11 a 6 b 8 c 12.5
g 20x2  11x  3 h 12r2 þ r  20 i 2
6q þ 13q  5 12 B
8 a n2 þ 10n þ 25 b u2  6u þ 9 c 81 þ 18x þ x2 13 a 3(p  5) b (m þ 4)(5  t) c 4xy(2x þ 3)
d 36  12k þ k2 e 9y2 þ 6y þ 1 f 4x2  20x þ 25 14 a (6y þ 7x)(6y  7x) b (m  5n)(m þ 3)
g 36  84b þ 49b2 h 1  8h þ 16h2 c 2(2m þ 5)(2m  5) d (2y  3)(ky  1)
9 a n2  36 b b2  1 c 100  m 2 15 a $102 b $35 c $23.45
2 2 2
d 9r2  1 e 16w2  25 f 1  64w 2 16 a No, 50 ¼
6 40 þ 14 b Yes, 252 ¼ 72 þ 242
2 2 2
10 a 3x2 þ 9x þ 4 b 7y þ 18 c 6a  2 2
d 8p þ 18q 2 c Yes, 6.1 ¼ 1.1 þ 6

9780170193085 583
 Answers

17 a (y  9)(y þ 7) b (k  2)(k  5) 7 a b
c (w þ 7)(w  2) d (m  9)(m  8) A Y
18 a (k þ 3)(5k  1) b (y þ 3)(3y  8)
c (h  3)(4h þ 5) d (2w  7)(4w  5) θ α
19 a $80.80 b 40.8 L C B Z X
20 $385 c Q R
1
21 a k3 1
b x3 c yþ5
6 d d7
d5
3 2 3 2
22 a 8a b 40p d c 27b d
2 hypotenuse = PR
23 a 3m b 3xy c wv2
n þ1 2 5y ðkþ4Þðk1Þ P
24 a nðnþ1Þðn1Þ b 3 c 4
25 126.3%
d D E
26 a 5:3 b 4:1 c 85 words/min
27 2.3 m isosceles
28 a 110.5 kg b $5.25 right-angled
29 a 40  8x b 6h  21h2 c 18cd  27c2 triangle
30 a 22w  2 b 1  16k c 26t  23
31 $90, $150, $210 F
32 40 320 km/h
33 a 6d11 b 13t
20 c n
30
34 a 5a
b 4
c 2 Exercise 4-02
6m 7 3
pffiffiffiffiffi
35 a 74 cm 1 a sin y ¼ 55 48
73 cos y ¼ 73 tan y ¼ 55
48
36 $1875 b sin g
y ¼ f cos y ¼ f tan y ¼ge
e

ST RS
c sin R ¼ RT cos R ¼ RT tan R ¼ ST
RS
d sin a ¼ k cos a ¼ k tan a ¼ mn
n m

Chapter 4 e sin M ¼ 3:6 7:7

8:5 cos M ¼ 8:5 tan M ¼ 7:7
3:6

XY WX XY
SkillCheck f sin W ¼ WY cos W ¼ WY tan W ¼ WX
2 a 45 b 43 c 35 d 4
5
1 a 35 b 33.2 c 5
3 a a b b c b
2 a 85 b 16 c 3.9
d a e a f b
3 a 8h b 4h c 2h 24 7
4 a i 7 ii 25 iii 24
25 iv 7
24
4 a 4h 42min b 2h 15min c 6h 51min u v u v
b i ii iii iv
5 a x ¼ 55 b y ¼ 23 c n ¼ 38 v w w u
FG FH FG FH
d x ¼ 60 e x ¼ 50 f x ¼ 160 c i FH ii HG iii HG iv FG
84 13 84 13
d i 13 ii 85 iii 85 iv 84
b c b c
e i c ii a iii a iv b
Exercise 4-01 f i QS
RS ii RS
QR iii QS
QR iv RS
QS

1 a opp ¼ 12, adj ¼ 5, hyp ¼ 13 5 a tan Y ¼ 60

11 b tan X ¼ 11
60

b opp ¼ AC, adj ¼ AB, hyp ¼ BC c sin X ¼ 11 11

61 or cos Y ¼ 61 d cos X ¼ 60 60
61 or sin Y ¼ 61
c opp ¼ u, adj ¼ w, hyp ¼ v 6 C
d opp ¼ TR, adj ¼ ST, hyp ¼ SR 7 A
e opp ¼ y, adj ¼ z, hyp ¼ x 8 a b
f opp ¼ 9, adj ¼ 40, hyp ¼ 41 13
5 3
2 a \K b \L c \M d \M e \L 5
3 C
A
4 a \u EF, \/ DE b \u 12, \/ 9 c \u f, \/e 12
B
5 a \u IJ, \/ HI b \u 27, \/ 36 c \u b, \/ c 5 4
sin A = ----- , cos A = 12
-----
6 B 13 13 4 3
cos B = , tan B = 4
5

584 9780170193085
 Answers

c X d Exercise 4-05
25 1 a tan y b cos y c tan y
41 7
9 d sin y e tan y f cos y
2 a 27.63 b 24.44 c 8.78
Y
24 d 31.17 e 38.71 f 53.02
40
3 a 66.5 b 1.9 c 17.2
sin X = 40 , tan X = 40 cos Y = 24 , tan Y = 7
41 9 25 24 d 47.4 e 31.3 f 251.0
4 a 16.63 b 57.75 c 8.97
Exercise 4-03 d 7.38 e 114.80 f 265.25
5 a 167.7 b 131.0 c 618.3
1 a Teacher to check. d 2.2 e 24.5 f 3.5
b All are approximately the same (0.9). 6 B
c The table answer is an approximation of the calculator 7 a 228.2 cm b 141.4 m c 671.4 m
answer. d 1053.1 cm e i 10 km ii 17.3 km
d All are approximately the same (0.5). 8 C 9 R
e The table answer is an approximation of the calculator
answer. 14.8 m 56°
f All are approximately the same (1.7).
g The table answer is an approximation of the calculator 27°
A B M N
answer. 19 cm
AB = 12.3 m
2 a Teacher to check. MR = 10 cm
10 Y 11 H
b The table answer is an approximation of the calculator
answer. 76°
43.7° 8.34 m 13.9 m
c The table answer is an approximation of the calculator
answer.
d The table answer is an approximation of the calculator K
X W A
answer. XW = 5.76 m HK = 3.4 m
3 Teacher to check.
12 9.33 m or 933 cm 13 5.738 m or 5738 mm
14 5.1 m 15 C 16 89 m
Exercise 4-04
1 a 28 b 41 c 19 d 33 Exercise 4-06
e 34 f 56 g 30 h 44 1 a 102.3 b 62.9 c 96.4
2 a 68400 b 54220 c 68400 d 18300 d 21.5 e 245.5 f 378.3
e 9110 f 47590 g 3460 h 57100 2 325 mm 3 12 m
3 a 9.51 b 0.97 c 1.07 d 0.54 4 a 88.97 b 1188.24 c 45.70 d 187.70
e 0.97 f 0.50 g 0.83 h 0.95 5 6.88 m 6 54.4 mm
i 29.86 j 11.61 k 32.97 l 10.26 7 a 27.5 b 109.4 c 293.5
m 47.09 n 9.56 o 3.79 p 32.96 d 5.7 e 88.1 f 20.8
q 19.84 r 246.59 s 12.28 t 16.83 8 D
4 a 55300 b 1490 c 72230 d 33460 9 a 1203.3 cm b 414.2 mm c 6.7 m
e 66250 f 7530 g 2870 h 3130 d i 3.8 km ii 8.4 km e 1044.3 cm
i 34270 j 7150 k 5290 l 69270 10 782 m 11 12.1 m 12 4.9 km 13 B 14 77.3 m
5 a 52 b 14 c 52 d 60
e 33 f 28 g 36 h 89
Exercise 4-07
1 a 41 b 64 c 60 d 81
Mental skills 4 e 61 f 30 g 6 h 45
i 60 j 82 k 84 l 14
2 a 330 b 160 c 1580 d 260 2 a 64590 b 54350 c 36520 d 20100
e 420 f 200 g 420 h 740 e 43320 f 72330 g 2720 h 61390
i 6400 j 16 000 k 300 l 70 i 86120 j 81470 k 35160 l 5130
4a 29 b 15 c 180 d 400 e 3 3 a 34 b 51 c 60
f 4 g 20 h 4 i 6 j 25 d 29 e 67 f 54

9780170193085 585
 Answers

4 C c
5 a 36420 b 25120 c 36520 θ = 43°
d 31300 e 26470 f 48110
6 a 12 b 68 c 27
d 27 e 30 f 88
7 39 8 10560 9 38.9 10 62 11 11
12 37 13 B 14 71 15 11 16 50

Exercise 4-08 43°

1 a 3 127 m 4 2224 m or 2.224 km 5 177 m

70° 6 180 m 7 9 8 14290 9 50 10 18470
11 1256 cm or 12.56 m 12 14.5 m 13 970 m 14 58 m

θ = 20°
Exercise 4-09
b 30° 1 a 243 b 290 c 040
d 115 e 210 f 140
g 312 h 253 i 065
2 a 000 b 090 c 180
d 270 e 038 f 125
θ = 30° g 330 h 225 i 072
j 187
c 3 SW
54° 4 a N b N

60°

W E W E

40°

S S
c N d N
θ = 54°

2 a W 10°
E
θ = 49° W E
35°
41°

S
S
e N f N

10°
b
θ = 28°
W E W E
3°

62°
S S

586 9780170193085
 Answers

g N h N
Exercise 4-10
32° 1 a 21 km b 260
2 a 37 b 163 km c 143
W E W E 3 a 63 km b 29 km c 025
9° 4 a 12.2 km b 035
5 a 18 km b NNW
S S
6 45.7 km
7 a 13.509 km b 321
5 a NNW b 337.5 8 a 2122 km b 330
6 a N b N 9 a 15 km b 26 km
10 a 261.08 km b 167.82 km
11 6.558 km
12 a 322 nautical miles b 2764500
T M
W E W E
42°
80°
P Power plus
P
S S
1 a i 0.342, 0.342 ii 0.731, 0.731
c N d N
P iii 0.819, 0.819 iv 0.996, 0.996
P
b Each pair of trigonometric ratios has the same value.
10°
c The pairs of angles are complementary (add to 90).
65° X d 60
W E W E
K
e i 15 ii sin iii 18
iv cos v 25 vi 32
f sin x ¼ cos (90  x) g Teacher to check.
S S 2 a 1932 m pffiffi b 31
7 240 8 280
3 a cos 30 ¼ 23 b tan 30 ¼ p1ffiffi3
9 a 45 b 90 c 135 or 225
4 a 24120 2600 b 63170 300
10 ESE
5 Teacher to check.
11 a N
80° N
250 km Chapter 4 revision
W E 150
km 1 a 33
b 33
c 56
d 33
65 56 65 65
W E 77 36
2 cos a ¼ 85tan a ¼ 77
280° 3 a 64 b 26 c 12
S
4 a 50190 b 31560 c 64190
S 5 a 0.8480 b 0.7677 c 0.1539
b N N d 64.9839 e 13.9884 f 13.7044
6 a 45480 b 33110 c 5210
7 a 14.49 b 72.50 c 0.87
15 km 8 a 98.9 b 21.1 c 23.2
W E
9 a 684400 b 5590 c 69380
225° 10 a 33 b 28 c 38
11 68130
m

S S
k

12 195 m
20

13 29
14 a 320 b 140
15 a 1281 km b 024
12 a 230 b 270 c 160
d 340 e 050 f 090

9780170193085 587
 Answers

Chapter 5 m 16r4 n 125t3 o 9m6 p y36

q x3 r m30 s 256w20 t 243f5
SkillCheck u 27p6 v 81h20 w 100k2 x 8y3
1 a i 8 ii 4 iii eight to the power of four
b i 4 ii 8 iii four to the power of eight Exercise 5-03
c i h ii 5 iii h to the power of five 1 A
d i 5 ii h iii five to the power of h 2 a a3b3 b x10y5 c l18m30
2 a 25 b 4
3 37 3
c 56 3 82 d 1296d4p8 e 64k8y10 f 243m10n5
d 101 3 x5 e 63 3 k2 f x3 3 y2 g e3k9 h w21x28 i 64d6y10
g a2 3 b3 h 52 3 n3 i p2 3 q4 j 256b8c12 k 27a9d3 l 16p8q12
3 a 93939 b 737 c d3d3d3d3d 3 D
d k3k 4 a 36 b m3
c 625
d 256n40
49 8 x4 p8
4 a 1024 b 10 000 c 729 d 1 10
m8 16 3
e w
t 15 f 256n4 g 81 h  125h
216
e 9 f 15 625 g 8 h 64
49k 8 9r2 a8 b4 32
5 a 3 b 4 c 3 d 2 i 100 j t4 k d 20 l  243c 10

e 6 f 4 g 6 h 4 5 a 40x32y48 b 1000x36y54 c 2q3r4

d 36q8r12 e 27a12x15 f 3ax2
Exercise 5-01 g 32p8h29 h 8p4h11 i 64p10h38

1 B Exercise 5-04
2 a 105 b 25 c 37 d 75
e 88 f 59 g 610 h 412 1 a 1 b 1 c 1 d 1
i 311 j x5 k g8 l w8 e 1 f 1 g 1 h 7
m b13 n p20 o r2 p y6 i 1 j 1 k 1 l 2
q m8 r n10 m 1 n 1 o 1 p 1
3 D q 1 r 1 s 6 t 6
4 a 6p7 b 12y12 c 18m9 u 1 v 1 w 3 x 1
d 5h11 e 24q9 f 10a7 2 a 2 b 0 c 3 d 1
g 30n16t5 h 30a2b4 i 3e10g5 e 7 f 5 g 3 h 0
j 32p7m10 k 48q8r8 l 54u4v3w8 i 1 j 9 k 112 l 2
5 B m 6 n 4 o 125 p 1
1
6 a 102 b 84 c 2010 d 56 q 12 r 3 s 3 t 27
e 99 f 224 g 7 h 219
i 110 j p5 k n6 l w18 Mental skills 5
m h16 n y6 o a8 p b
q w24 r m0 2 a 117 b 740 c 138 d 140
7 D e 174 f 100 g 436 h 109
8 a 2y12 b 5w6 c 8r7 d 30x i 200 j 312
6
e 5m9 f g2 g 2d2h9 h x5y4 3a 160 b 700 c 90
e20 d 36 3qt 3pq2 r4
i 3 j 4 k 9a5b8 l 2 d 2200 e 72 f 1600
g 2100 h 480 i 132
Exercise 5-02
1 C
Exercise 5-05
2 a 46 b 516
c 312
d 228
1 a 1
b 1
c 1
d 1
62 57 31 102
e 22 f 93 g 100 h 620 e 1
f 1
g 1
h 1
g5 z1 n3 t2
i 515 j e8 k t25 l y21 1 1 1 1
i j k l
m c5 n m35 o y16 p h0 a4 53 yd rm
1 1 1 1
q q18 r w4 s 210x10 t 58n24 2 a 9 b 625 c 6 d 49
1 1 1 1
u 43d9 v k45 w d12 x 28d64 e 25 f 128 g 64 h 1 000 000
3 B 1 1 1 1
i 1024 j 27 k 36 l 6561
4 a 16d12 b 25m6 c 16y10 d 81x8 3 a n 2
b n 1
c 8 3
d 8 1

e 3125u30 f 8w15 g 10 000d20 h 27e3 e 105 f 2a4 g 31 h b1

i 2b4 j 36d12 k 243f20 l 1024c30 i 6a1 j 4t2 k 2w5 l 5d3

588 9780170193085
 Answers

5 2 3 4
4 a h b b5 c e3 d n2 2 a 1 b 1 c 7 d 1
p r2 y y3 e 8 f 9 g 625 h 128
e b2 f s4 g w2 h d3
1
i 1
j 1
k 1
l 1 i 1 j 64 k 64 l 1
2m xy 16h2 125k 3 1
3m3 15 12 12y3 m 25 n 1000 o 1 p 1
m p2 n kw4 o x2 y3 p x2 1 1 1 1
3 a 25 b 32 c 20 d 1000
1 1 1 1
q 9h2 r 64k 3 s 16c4 t 8y 4 a 4 b 4 c 3125 d 4
4p 4 v 1
u q3 v pq3 w m2 x vm2 e 4 f 27 g 27 h 8
5 a 7
2 b 5
8 c 10
9 d 2
3
5 a 9m2n6 b 40a5w9 c 256a8b20 d 4pq2
9x2
e  43 f 2
5 g 3
x h a
5
e 64
125 f 6c2 g 3u4v3 h 100
6 3 16 y3 p10
i  m2 j 4
5r k 3z
2 l v i 64n t j 81 k 5x3 l 81y2
15 10 1 a11
6 a 16 b 2 14 c 1 000 000 m 32p q n 343n3 o 2 p b

d 8
e 243
f 256 6 a 817 b 1
35 c 1y d 1
x3
125 1024 625
1 5 1 a
g 16
h 125
i 9 e 25b2 f b2 g ab h b
81 343 k2
11 1 p3 m
j x3
k 256
l 9g 6 i t3 j 1331t 3 k q5 l w3
27 a8 16
8 2r6 10f 3 n7
m 25t 2
n m15
o 9p8 m u3 v4 n y5 o e p 2k 4
4d 2 h10 25d 6 4 2 3
64a6 7 a 7 b 5 c 2 d 7
p 27c9 8
e r f 10p g z
6y h 5a
2
3
Exercise 5-06 8 a 4 b 21 c 10 4
d 92
e k1 f 9k4 g x7 h 5p3
1 a 5 b 7 c 25 d 10 9 a q3 b d4 c m111 d t2
e 2 f 0.3 g 0.2 h 4
e 30g2 f 24a g 28
x h 4
p3
i 2 j 9 k 2 l 5
pffiffiffiffiffi p3
ffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi p ffiffiffiffi i 16q 3
j t4
k 2
l 1
2 a 10 b 12 c p gffiffiffiffiffiffi d 4
m 2 b4 9h2
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi p6
ffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi 1
10 a 52
1
b d3
1
c ð3yÞ2
1
d 104
e 8r or 2 2r f 6h g 5
5j8 h 90a 9 b 5 3 y52
1 1 1 1 2
3 a 52 b 493 c 202 d 4005 e p3 f ðxyÞ2 g ð5aÞ4 h 6
3 2 25
e 666
1
f 644
1
g 1448
1
h 100010
1
11 a 125a
64 b 4c2 c 49m
100 d 3125w 2
1 1 1 1
343 a2 b6 3 y2
i a 2 j q 3 k h 7 l w 6 e d3 f c4 g 5m2 h 16
1 1 1 1
m t5 n ðxyÞ2 o ð100f Þ4 p ð2mnÞ3 i 2m2 j 9g 4
k 32x10 l 16a12
c8
4 a 2.71 b 14.66 c 5.24 d 44.73
e 8.73 f 5.77 g 3.76 h 0.45
6 Exercise 5-09
5 a b b e c y5 d m
e 10t f 36a3 g n3m h 4ab3 1 a 3 b 2 c 2 d 5
2 1
i 2v2w3 j 5 k 7x3 l 9y4 e 1 f 1 g 3 h 5
i 2 j 2 k 3 l 6
Exercise 5-07 2 a 37.6 b 9440 c 168
d 2.81 e 16.0 f 60 500
1 a 8 b 32 c 32 d 9
g 1 770 000 h 386 000 i 10.3
e 64 f 256 g 8 h 27
3 a 0.064 b 0.90 c 0.085
i 100 j 25 k 12 l 13
d 0.000 16 e 0.0076 f 0.039
1 1 1 1
m 125 n 216 o 64 p 625 g 0.28 h 0.019 i 0.31
1 1 1 1
q 256 r 8000 s 16 t 128 4 B 5 C
2 a 7.62 b 0.05 c 132.96 d 0.30 6 a 9 b 60 c 0.04
e 0.03 f 5.28 g 0.02 h 7.96 d 0.008 e 0.5 f 10 000
2 5
3 a g7 b e2 c x3 d y4 g 2000 h 0.0003 i 60 000 000
5 3 3 4
e m3 f m5 g n4 h n3 7 a $36 000 000, 2 b $40 000 000, 1
p ffiffiffiffiffiffi
4 a 8n3 b 4 3 w2 c 8d 6
d 512m12 8 5 9 21 600
e 243r5 f 3h 9
g 1
16s8 h 1
16x6 10 a 180 b 5 c 6.16 d 4.176
1 1pffiffiffi
i 25b4 j 125 t 3
k 343p6 q15 l 1
100x2 y4
e 0.06 f 0.67 g 33 300 h 0.6565

Exercise 5-08 Exercise 5-10

1 a a7 b t9 c n6 d p2 1 a 2.4 3 103 b 7.86 3 105 c 5.5 3 107
e w8 f g18 g 6b7 h 20d13 d 9.5 3 101 e 7.8 3 100 f 3.48 3 108
i 6c4 j 625b16 k 3m2 l 9a2 g 5.967 3 104 h 1.5 3 101 i 3 3 109

9780170193085 589
 Answers

j 8 3 101 k 7.63 3 102 l 1 3 101 2 a 3 b 5 c 2 d 2

m 3.5 3 10 2
n 7.6 3 10 5
o 8 3 101 e 3 f 2 g 10 h 10
p 7.13 3 10 2
q 3 3 10 6
r 9.13 3 101 3 Different answers possible.
s 7.146 3 106 t 9 3 103 u 1 3 107 a m n
4 3
t 8.9 3 10 w 7.8 3 10 x 1 3 101 a 4 1 2 42
1
¼2
5 7
2 a 1.3 3 10 kg b 2.9 3 10 cm c 8 3 105 m b 9 1 2
1
92 ¼3
8 13
d 3 3 10 m/s e 4 3 10 km f 1.2 3 104 m c 16 3 2
3
162 ¼ 64
g 6.1 3 102 cm h 1 3 1010 m i 7.7 3 1020 s d 625 3 4
3
6254 ¼ 125
6 6
j 1 3 10 s k 2.2 3 10 ly
3 a 600 000 b 7100 4 If a ¼ b there are an infinite number of solutions, otherwise
c 302 000 000 d 3.14 a ¼ 2, b ¼ 4
e 0.000 06 f 0.0071 5 a 2n þ 1 where n ¼ 1, 2, 4, 8, … (doubling the power each
g 0.000 000 030 2 h 0.000 000 000 59 time)
i 1 100 000 000 000 j 0.0004 b 4 294 967 297
k 5000 l 0.000 476
m 0.803 n 63 200
Chapter 5 revision
o 0.016 p 0.000 000 22
q 9 000 000 r 0.111
1 a 1010 b 416 c a10 d h10
4 a 4 3 105 b 2.7 3 106 c 1.3 3 107
e 12n4 f 2d12 g 5m8 h 6v7w5
d 6.3 3 107 e 9.3 3 109 f 9.3 3 102
0 5 i 15x6y3 j 8t4h6 k p6q8 l 20ab2
g 3.04 3 10 h 4.5 3 10 i 2 3 1015
5 2 a 26 b k25 c x4
j 9.7 3 10
d 1024y30 e 25t4 f 1000g3
5 a 3.8 3 109, 5.5 3 109, 7.3 3 109
g 32 h 32k5 i 25m6
b 5.8 3 106, 2.2 3 104, 7 3 104
3 a a4b8 b 25x6y4 c 64t6
c 3.5 3 100, 4.9 3 102, 5.3 3 102 a4
d 64h6g3 e f 32p5q5r5
6 a 6 3 105, 2.9 3 102, 1 3 102 5
2401
16a28
b 6.3 3 102, 8.1 3 104, 1.2 3 109 g 243m
32 h 81n4p8 i b4
18 15
c 9.5 3 101, 4.1 3 101, 6.4 3 103 j 512t14u16 k b y
512 l 4 4
5c d
4 a 1 b 1 c 1 d 1 e 1
Exercise 5-11 f h g 1 h 1 i 23
5 a 813 b 1
192 c 1
x d 1
p5
1 a 6 3 108 b 2 3 105 c 8 3 1015 e 1
f 1
g 1
h 5
6 16 4m 16m2 5b b
d 3 3 10 e 2.4 3 10 f 5 3 104 2 5a d2 9
18 i j k l
g 1.024 3 10 h 3.01 3 10 6
i 6.3 3 109 x4 3 c4 100
6 a 103 b r 5
c r 1
d 3b 1
j 2.5 3 10 11
k 2 3 10 3
l 3.81 3 1013 9x2
7
2 a 1.31 3 109 b 2.96 3 1013 c 2.84 3 1015 64
pffiffiffi pffiffiffi p ffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi
16 19 8 a 3q b u c 3
2q d ar
d 1.44 3 10 e 6.99 3 10 f 9.05 3 103 1
14 9 9 a 16 b 8 c 216
g 2.00 3 10 h 2.14 3 10 16
10 a 625d20 b 2y5 c 4x 5 d 4n4
3 3.78 3 1019 atoms 4 2.25 3 102 mm
11 a 8.6 b 15 700 c 500
5 a 7.0 3 1030 b 1.3 3 1017 c 8.1 3 1013
36 50 d 0.007 127 e 0.904 f 300 000
d 2.3 3 10 e 5.5 3 10 f 5.2 3 1022
2 g 4810 h 0.0009 i 70 000 000
g 1.8 3 10 4
h 9.5 3 10 i 3.1 3 106
13 3 12 a 3.7 3 104 b 6.1 3 101 c 2.5 3 105
j 9.5 3 10 k 1.2 3 10 l 1.7 3 105
d 4.9 3 104 e 1.3 3 101 f 8 3 1011
m 3.9 3 108 n 5.9 3 100
13 a 8100 b 60 000 000 c 3.075
6 a 500 s b 8 mins 20 s
d 0.0081 e 0.000 000 6 f 0.030 75
7 1.9 3 1014 t 8 1.7 3 100 km/s 9 9.5 3 1012 km
14 9.1 3 108, 2.4 3 103, 3 3 103
10 a 0.000 1 s b 91 s
15 a 2.701 3 1031 b 4 3 105
11 a 9.999 999 999 3 1099 b 1.000 000 000 3 1099 17
c 1.25 3 10 d 2.5 3 104
16
16 a 9.8 3 10 b 3.7 3 108 c 9.6 3 108
Power plus

1 a 4.382 3 1011 b 5.2 3 108 c 4 3 108

d 2.013 3 100 e 5.78 3 104 f 5.78 3 102
g 6.7 3 106 h 3.2 3 109 i 3.2 3 109

590 9780170193085
 Answers

Chapter 6 g d ¼ 70 h k ¼ 70 i y ¼ 34
j m ¼ 60 k h ¼ 150 l r ¼ 45
SkillCheck 2 C 3 A, D
4 a 115 b 112 c 85
1 a acute b right c reflex d revolution
d 68 e 67.5 f 130
e reflex f obtuse g reflex h straight
5 B 6 B
2 a r ¼ 135 (angles at a point)
7 a 125 b 110 c 67
b w ¼ 55 (vertically opposite angles)
d 50 e 60 f 56
c c ¼ 30 (vertically opposite angles),
8 Teacher to check.
y ¼ 150 (angles on a straight line)
9 a ¼ 65, c ¼ 50, b ¼ 65
d k ¼ 26 (angles in a right angle)
10
e t ¼ 35 (angles on a straight line)
f a ¼ 140 (angles at a point)
g a ¼ 47 (vertically opposite angles), b ¼ 47 (corresponding d°
angles on parallel lines), c ¼ 47 (vertically opposite angles) d°
(other reasons possible) d°
h k ¼ 135 (angles on a straight line), h ¼ 135 (corresponding
d°
angles on parallel lines)
i m ¼ 115 (corresponding angles on parallel lines),
n ¼ 115 (vertically opposite angles) d°
j b ¼ 104 (angles on a straight line), c ¼ 104 (corresponding
angles on parallel lines), d ¼ 104 (vertically opposite angles)
d°
k k ¼ 125 (vertically opposite angles),
a ¼ 125 (corresponding angles on parallel lines),
b ¼ 125 (vertically opposite angles)
l x ¼ m ¼ 58 (corresponding angles on parallel lines), 11 a t ¼ 35 b m ¼ 26 c h ¼ 30
y ¼ 58 (vertically opposite angles), n ¼ 122 (angles on a d y ¼ 110 e g ¼ 40 f x ¼ 11
straight line) (other reasons possible)
3 a AB is not parallel to CD since alternate angles are not equal
Exercise 6-02
b EF is not parallel to GH since co-interior angles are not
supplementary 1 a m ¼ 74 b m ¼ 96 c m ¼ 30
c IJ is not parallel to KL since corresponding angles are not d m ¼ 30 e m ¼ 221 f m ¼ 75
equal 2 See table below.
3 a trapezium, parallelogram
Exercise 6-01 b trapezium
c square, rhombus
1 a m ¼ 70 b w ¼ 33 c h ¼ 50
d rectangle, square
d k ¼ 100 e x ¼ 46 f a ¼ 65

Exercise 6-02
2
Properties Trapezium Parallelogram Rectangle Square Rhombus Kite
One pair of opposite sides parallel ü
Opposite sides parallel ü ü ü ü
Opposite sides equal ü ü ü ü
All sides equal ü ü
Two pairs of adjacent sides equal ü
Diagonals equal ü ü
Diagonals bisect each other ü ü ü ü
Diagonals meet at right angles ü ü ü
Diagonals bisect the angles of the shape ü ü
Opposite angles equal ü ü ü ü
One pair of opposite angles equal ü
All angles 90 ü ü
Axes of symmetry 0 0 2 4 2 1

9780170193085 591
 Answers

e parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus b

f square
g rhombus, square
h kite 5 cm
i parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus
j rectangle, square
k rectangle, rhombus
l parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus
m parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus
c X
n rhombus, kite, square
4 a rhombus, parallelogram, trapezium 65 mm 24 mm
b 9 rhombuses, 6 parallelograms, 18 trapeziums
c 13
Y
5 A, C, D, E, G, I W
6 a parallelogram b rhombus c trapezium 54°
d square e rhombus f kite
g rectangle h square i rhombus
40 mm
7 a k ¼ 70 (opposite angles of parallelogram are equal)
114°
b a ¼ 45 (angles of square bisected by diagonals)
c p ¼ 55 (co-interior angles, opposite sides of rhombus parallel) Z
d w ¼ 112 (opposite angles of parallelogram are equal, then
angles on a straight line) d
e t ¼ 55 (angles of a rectangle equal 90)
f n ¼ 67 (corresponding angles, opposite sides of a rhombus
are parallel)
g a ¼ 55 (co-interior angles)
h c ¼ 9 (diagonals bisect angles of a square)
i r ¼ 110 (angles between unequal sides of a kite are equal)
8 a \PQR ¼ 72 (alternate angles, RW || PV)
b \TQU ¼ \TUQ ¼ 53 (angles in an isosceles triangle) 200°
\QUP ¼ 53 (alternate angles, QT || PU)
\UPQ ¼ \PQU ¼ 63.5 (angles in an isosceles triangle)
[ \PQR ¼ 63.5 (alternate angles, RQ || PU) 4.5 cm
c (30 þ \QRT) þ 110 ¼ 180 (co-interior angles, QT || PR)
\QRT ¼ 40
[\PQR ¼ 40 (alternate angles, PQ || RT)
d \PRQ ¼ 35 (vertically opposite angles) Exercise 6-03
[ \PQR ¼ 72.5 (angles in isosceles DPQR, diagonals of
1 a 6 b 4 c 9
rectangle are equal and bisect each other)
d 10 e 7 f 5
e \QRP ¼ 75 (angle sum of straight line)
g 12 h 8 i 11
\QPR ¼ 75 (angles in isosceles triangle)
2 a non-regular hexagon b quadrilateral
[ \PQR ¼ 30 (angle sum of triangle)
c non-regular pentagon d scalene triangle
f \TPQ ¼ 60 (alternate angles, RT || PQ)
e regular decagon f non-regular heptagon
[ \PQR ¼ 30 (angle sum of triangle, diagonals of
g regular octagon h non-regular nonagon
rhombus meet at 90)
3 a a, b, d, e, f, g b e, g
9 sample answers
4 D
a 30 mm
T U 5 a equilateral triangle b square
113° 6 a 540 b 1080 c 2340 d 1800
e 900 f 1440 g 3240 h 1620
7 a a ¼ 95 b b ¼ 110 c d ¼ 108
d c ¼ 160 e g ¼ 140 f x ¼ 90
60 mm
g e ¼ 135 h m ¼ 120, n ¼ 60 i y ¼ 222
8 a 14 b 11 c 24 d 17
9 B
W V
592 9780170193085
 Answers

10 a 135 b 144 c 150 d 120 Chapter 6 revision

11 a 40 b 171
12 a 24 b 36 c 10 1 a k ¼ 47 (angle sum of triangle)
b e ¼ 75 (exterior angle of a triangle)
Exercise 6-04 c x ¼ 24 (equal angles in an isosceles triangle)
d m ¼ 18 (angle sum of triangle)
1 a 45 b 36 c 24 d 40
e t ¼ 107.5 (equal angles in an isosceles triangle, exterior
2 a 108 b 150 c 140 d 157.5
angle of a triangle)
3 a 15 b 10 c 9
f b ¼ 60 (equilateral triangle, alternate angles on parallel
d 36 e 20 f 6
lines)
4 a 12 b 72 c 20
g y ¼ 140 (exterior angle of a triangle)
d 9 e 5 f 90
h y ¼ 48 (angles on a straight line, isosceles triangle)
i y ¼ 78 (co-interior angles on parallel lines)
Mental skills 6 2 a 60 b 90, 45, 45
3 a x ¼ 110 (angle sum of quadrilateral)
2 a 0.5 b 90 c 8 d 0.9 b y ¼ 112 (corresponding angles on parallel lines),
e 90 f 0.7 g 8 h 30 m ¼ 68 (co-interior angles on parallel lines)
i 0.08 j 3.5 k 4 l 0.3 c g ¼ 60 (angles on a straight line, isosceles triangle)
4a 16 b 160 c 1.6 d 1.6 d x ¼ 35, y ¼ 55 (alternate angles on parallel lines, diagonals
e 1.6 f 16 g 160 h 0.16 of a rhombus bisect at right angles, angle sum of a
i 0.016 j 160 k 0.16 l 0.0016 triangle)
e m ¼ 97 (one pair of opposite angles equal in a kite, angle
Power plus sum of a quadrilateral)
f e ¼ 36 (co-interior angles on parallel lines)
1 a 2 b 20 c 54 4 a parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus
b square, rectangle
2 a 0, 2, 5, 9, 14, 20, 27, 35 b d ¼ nðn3Þ2
c square, rhombus
3 a square, rhombus
d square, rectangle, rhombus, parallelogram
b parallelogram, rhombus, rectangle, square
c kite, rhombus, square 5 a
d rectangle, square
e rhombus, square
f square, rectangle
4 Some answers are abbreviated to fully show the reasons
required to reach the final answer. Other answers possible.
a h ¼ 113 (vertically opposite angles)
m ¼ 67 (co-interior angles on parallel lines)
p ¼ 67 (vertically opposite angles)
k ¼ 67 (corresponding angles)
b w ¼ 73 (exterior angle of triangle is equal to the sum of b
the two opposite interior angles)
c e ¼ 97 (co-interior angles on parallel lines, then alternate
angles on parallel lines)
d y ¼ 61 (angle sum of a triangle, then corresponding angles
on parallel lines)
e f ¼ 56 (alternate angles on parallel lines, then angle sum of
c
isosceles triangle)
f x ¼ 78 (alternate angles, then exterior angle of triangle result)
g t ¼ 34 (alternate angles on parallel lines)
n ¼ 117 (opposite angles of parallelogram)
v ¼ 29 (angle sum of a triangle)
h a ¼ 90 (diagonals of rhombus meet at right angles)
d ¼ 65 (alternate angles on parallel lines, then angle sum
of a triangle) 6 a (10  2) 3 180 ¼ 1440 b 140
i c ¼ 153 (angle sum of quadrilateral, then angles at a point) 7 a 60 b 12

9780170193085 593
 Answers

Chapter 7 Exercise 7-04

SkillCheck 1 a a ¼ 39 b x ¼ 56 c x ¼ 30 d y ¼ 42
e p ¼ 56 f y ¼ 21 g x ¼ 2 h y ¼ 15
1 a x¼5 b y ¼ 8 12 c y ¼ 1 12 d m ¼ 32
i x ¼ 9 j d ¼ 85 k w ¼ 4 l p ¼ 7.5
e x ¼ 33 f r¼6 g x ¼ 7 12 h a ¼ 3
2 a x ¼ 9 b y ¼ 22 c p ¼ 11.5 d w ¼ 22
i d ¼ 6 12 j w¼2 k a ¼ 48 l n¼6
e x ¼ 5.75 f m ¼ 24 g y ¼ 5.2 h x¼5
2 a 7n b n2 c 5(n þ 8) 5
i x¼0 j w ¼ 1 22 k x ¼ 13 l x ¼ 3 17
d n  20 e 6n  9 f nþ2
3 A
4 a d ¼ 24 b k ¼ 18 c m ¼ 12
9
Exercise 7-01 d x ¼ 21 11 e p ¼ 30 f k ¼ 20
9
g k ¼ 30 h m ¼ 10 i a ¼ 6 11
1 a w¼6 b q¼6 c x¼5 d n ¼ 2 5 B
e y ¼ 10 f m¼2 g a¼6 h x ¼ 1 6 a 7
x ¼ 11 b p ¼ 4 13 c m ¼ 12 45
i y¼0 j u ¼ 1 k x ¼ 1 34 l x ¼ 5
d c¼ 9 23 e y¼ 5 34 f x ¼ 8
2 a B b C
g p¼ 2 19 h y¼ 7 149
i a ¼ 28 13
3 a w ¼ 2 b t ¼ 1 12 c a¼1
d y ¼ 3 e y ¼ 1 12 f y ¼ 35 j x¼  13
15 k u¼ 95 1
l m ¼ 19
29
g t ¼ 1 38 h y ¼ 2 12 i k ¼ 1 23
4 C Mental skills 7A

2 a 14 b 9 c 7 d 8
Exercise 7-02 e 3 f 8 g 10 h 5
1 a m¼1 b x¼2 c y ¼ 1 d k¼4 i 33 j 5 k 15 l 18
e a ¼ 1 f p ¼ 19 g h ¼ 24 h m¼9 m 26 n 6 o 36 p 6
i u ¼ 11 j y ¼ 1 37 k p ¼ 1 15 l x ¼ 1 13
14
q 14 r 160 s 14 t 2
2 A
3 LHS ¼ 12ð5  1Þ Exercise 7-05
¼ 1234
1 a m ¼ 12 b x ¼ 20 c y ¼ 15
¼ 48 pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi
d k ¼  59 e y ¼  10 f w¼6
¼ RHS
g x ¼ 5 h t ¼ 3 i a¼4
[ k ¼ 5 is a solution pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi
j k¼ 8 k w ¼  10 l d ¼  12
4 LHS ¼ RHS ¼ 16 pffiffiffiffiffi
m k ¼ 4 n w ¼  70 o x ¼  12
5 a m¼3 b y¼7 c x¼2 pffiffiffi
p m ¼ 9 q y¼ 5 r p¼3
d p¼4 e n ¼ 4 f x ¼ 3 13 pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi
s k ¼ 4 t y ¼  55 u x¼ 7
g w ¼ 8 h x¼6 i y ¼ 59 2 a m ¼ 4.5 b b ¼ 4.1 c v ¼ 2.4 d p ¼ 4.2
6 LHS ¼ RHS ¼ 30 e k ¼ 2.6 f x ¼ 6.3 g k ¼ 9.8 h u ¼ 1.7
7 a m ¼ 7 b y¼7 c y ¼ 10 d x ¼ 12 i y ¼ 3.7 j w ¼ 5.2 k a ¼ 4.1 l y ¼ 6.2
e y ¼ 26 f y ¼ 1 23 g m ¼ 7 h y ¼ 71 pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
89 3 25 doesn’t exist for real numbers; there isn’t a real
number whose square is 25.
4 a, c and f. They all involve square roots of negative numbers.
Exercise 7-03
1 11 2 12 3 24 4 30 5 40 cm 3 10 cm Exercise 7-06
6 a 4w þ 14 ¼ 94 b 27 cm 3 20 cm
7 x ¼ 33 1 a r¼1 b k¼6 c d ¼ 3
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
8 a y ¼ 13 b 110 d x ¼ 3 45 e w ¼ 3 100 f f¼4
9 82, 98 10 43, 44 11 28, 29, 30 12 54, 56, 58 g m¼2 h t ¼ 5 i c¼6
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
13 23, 25, 27 14 Dean is 10, Franco is 50, Helen is 2. j k ¼ 4 k a ¼ 3 15 l p ¼ 3 18
p ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
15 Rebecca is 14. 16 78 17 $1.80 m q ¼ 5.5 n n¼q 12
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi o s ¼ 3 18:75
18 Boy: 140 cm, sister: 70 cm, father: 170 cm. p e ¼ 2 q y ¼ 3 6 23 r v¼8
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi
19 26.5 cm 3 17 cm s b ¼ 3 15 t z ¼ 3 72 u x ¼ 3 36
20 Brett is 17, Paul is 51, Amanda is 12, Janine is 45. 2 a c  3.6 b g  5.3 c y  7.7 d p  4.5
e u  4.3 f x  3.8 g h  7.9 h a  3.7
i d  3.1 j v ¼ 3.5 k a  6.4 l j  3.9

594 9780170193085
 Answers

3 a Yes b When c is positive. 2 a W ¼ 15 b W ¼ 3 c X ¼ 6 12 d Y ¼  23

c Never; it always has exactly one solution. 3 26
4 Daughter is 20.
Exercise 7-07 5 a If x2 þ y2 ¼ 4, then x2, which is always positive or zero,
must be from 0 and 4. So the smallest value of x must be
1 a y ¼ 28 b y ¼ 11 c b ¼ 25 pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
 4 ¼ 2 and its largest value must be 4 ¼ 2.
d b ¼ 1 e x¼3 f x ¼ 16 2 2 2
b If x þ y ¼ 4, then y must also be from 0 and 4. So y
2 a 95F b 14F c 60.8F must be from 2 and 2.
3 a 37.8C b 42.8C c 25.6C
4 a A ¼ 72 cm2 b h ¼ 20 cm c p ¼ 32.5 m
5 C Chapter 7 revision
6 a $540 b $4500 c 6 hours d 9 hours
7 a $260 b 507 1 a x¼1 b x ¼ 5 c w ¼ 1 13
8 a $200 b $825 c 45 people d x¼3 e n ¼ 4 f d ¼ 9
9 D g t ¼ 1 12 h j ¼ 8.5 i q ¼ 1
10 a 65C b 91.25C c 4 hours 2 Teacher to check.
11 a 182 cm b 39 cm 3 a w¼7 b n¼1 c p ¼ 1
d x ¼ 13 e y¼5 f x ¼ 1.5
4 22 cm 3 16 cm
Exercise 7-08
5 a x ¼ 15.5 b a ¼ 46
1 a x¼dc b x ¼ yb
m 6 1
c x ¼ pþy
a d x ¼ my  mp or m(y  p) 7 a d ¼ 6 b n ¼ 1.5 c p ¼ 24
e k
x ¼ mr f x ¼ Vm 8 a x ¼ 11 57 b n ¼ 10 14 c y ¼ 5 34
pffiffiffiffiffi
g x ¼2A  y h x ¼ cby
a
9 a d ¼ 8 b p ¼ 6 c z ¼  35
i x ¼ 2A
h y
10 a x ¼ 11 b h ¼ 6 c t¼5
2 D 11 a BMI ¼ 21.0 b 105.84 kg
pffiffiffi
3 a y ¼ man
a or m
a n b y¼ x 12 a $41 b d ¼ 30.5 km
c y ¼ kx d y ¼ (QqffiffiffiffiP)2 13 a w ¼ avk b w ¼ t  mp 1
c w ¼ xy
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
M
e y ¼  r 2  x2 f y¼ n
g y¼ r2
m2 h y¼ c2 b
2a
Mixed revision 2
2
i y¼t þx qffiffiffi qffiffiffiffiffi
V
4 a h ¼ lb b r¼ A
c V ¼ 2K 1 a 4 b 1 c 4 d 3
p m
2ðsutÞ 2 a y10 b 12g15 c 18p5q3
d C ¼ 59 ðF  32Þ e a¼ f y ¼ 2A
h x
t2 d k12 e x4 f h9
5 C 4
5q 3b D
g 9k4 h h2y3 i 2m3 n
6 a a ¼ 15p b a ¼ r3 c a ¼ Dþ2
3 a 6 b 1 c 1 d x e 1
d a ¼ py py
px or xp e a ¼ 1k
kþ1 4 a b
f a ¼ bMN
ðMþN Þ
or bðNMþN
M
Þ

7 a $290 b n ¼ 4:2C80
c 76 km A
A Aþ360 M 34°
8 a 900 b n ¼ 180 þ 2 or 180 c 10 10°
sx
W
9 r ¼ sx A 304°
pffiffiffi 260°
10 a h ¼ mB (h is positive) b 1.55

Mental skills 7B 5 a 120qffiffiffiffiffiffiffi b decagon

6 y ¼  T a
p
2 a 11 b 40 c 7 d 24 7 a 12 1
b 125 1
c 100
9 25 1000x3
e 23 f 6 g 43 h 80 8 a 2 b 64 c 16d 2 d 27
i 18 j 15 k 40 l 65 9 a 20.50 b 33.34 c 3.31
m 11 n 14 o 12 p 135 10 a 215 b 412 c 32p14 d 23w15
11 a 15 400 000 b 0.0032 c 0.9837 d 24 000
Power plus 12 212 km
13 a 77530 b 6490 c 56190
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi
5
1 a y ¼ 28 b r ¼ 3.5 c y ¼  48 or 4 3 14 a n1 b 23 c k5 d 7y2
d m ¼ 5 5
e m ¼ 12 17 15 7.28 3 106

9780170193085 595
 Answers

16 a 2.7 3 1016 b 1.2 3 1010 6 a $98.25 b $109.83 c $99.60

17 a 39 b 52 c 44 7 Dana, by $1.26.
1 1 1 3
18 a 132 b 203 c ð3pÞ5 d x2 8 fortnightly income
19 a m ¼ 103 (angle sum of triangle) 9 a Mitch by $1.40/h b Philip by $0.45/h
b f ¼ 54 (equal angles of isosceles triangle, angle sum of c Faith by $3.90/h d Ranjan by $0.90/h
triangle) 10 a $187 b $935 c $4051.67
c d ¼ 132 (exterior angle of triangle) 11 a $103 680 b $1986.97
20 A 12 a $3226.67 b $742.05 c $17.67
21 a m ¼ 17.9 b d ¼ 11.7 c g ¼ 160.2 13 $744 14 $630.63 15 $330.15
22 a 5.3 3 109 b 3.73 3 105 16 $470.34
23 a w ¼ 103 b w ¼ 32 c w ¼ 35
24 C Exercise 8-02
1
25 a 125 b 32 c 8 d 9
1 a $494.20 b $591.28 c $750.13
26 a 24 b 8
2 d $763.36 e $953.10 f $979.58
27 a 16m12n8 b 4h25 c 343r3t6
4
2 C 3 $623.48 4 $939.04
28 a k ¼ 5 b h ¼ 87
5 $804.65 6 $707.61 7 B
29 a 40 b 37 c 39
8 a $518.10 b $573.05 c $667.25
30 a 225 min or 3.75 h b 3.125 kg
d $808.55 e $631.93 f $730.05
31 a
9 a $556.80 b $1165 c $911.40
d $1040 e $1560 f $897.90
3.5 m 10 a $19.60/h b $19.59/h c $17.14/h
d $13.65/h e $16.73/h f $8.27/h
50°
b i 2.7 m ii 2.2 m
Exercise 8-03
32 square 1 $558 2 $1459.22 3 $10 979
33 a p ¼ 11 b y¼1 4 Perry: $1600, Amy: $2250 5 $820 000
34 a 44 000 b 10.8 c 0.000 04 6 a $8300 b $9820 c $11 400
35 a 19, 20, 21, 22 b 127 $2 coins 7 $4554
36 50 m 8 a $163.80 b $90 c $172.05 d $188
37 a m ¼ 4 b x ¼ 6 e $307.80 f $217.60 g $162 h $1568
38 a r¼8 b y ¼ 9 9 a i $124.10 ii $172.55 b 540
c i 236 ii 730
10 $156.80
Chapter 8 11 a $96.88 b $142.10 c $457.10
SkillCheck 12 a $734 b $122.33 c $14.40/h
13 a $2014 b $3116 c $2704.65
1 0.082 2 $2.25 d $1961.18 e $3847.50 f $3897.66
3 a 365 b 52 c 28 d 36 14 $10 440
e 14 f 13 g 60 h 26 15 a $536 b $375.20 c $2519.20
4 a $7.68 b $21.42 c $524.74 16 a $2376.39 b $831.74 c $5584.52
d $92.36 e $3085.64 f $106.34 17 a $632 b $2970.40
5 a $733.59 b $6285.83 c $3150
d $1198.21 e $694.67 f $14 911.22 Exercise 8-04
g $1339.02 h $2343.50 i $2293.20
6 $6513 1 $71 634
2 a $34 673 b $3129.87
3 a $89 525 b $21 071.25
Exercise 8-01
4 C
1 a $649.60 b $947.10 c $735.20 d $285.30 5 a $55 262 b $9507.15
2 $45 866.22 6 a $91 340.60 b $90 113 c $21 288.81
3 D 4 $54 177.24 7 a $45 896 b $6463.20
5 a $1309.70 b $2619.39 c $5695 8 A 9 $13 559.25 10 $10 449.33

596 9780170193085
 Answers

Mental skills 8 Chapter 9

2 a $408 b 99 c 200 SkillCheck
d $404 e 672 f $81 1 a 34 b 8 c 55.9%
g $517 h 225 i 560 2 a 38 b 6 c 36 d 14 e 39.5%
j $84 k $350 l 84 3 a
4a 330 b $240 c 1600 d $425 Length of queue (Score) Frequency
e $225 f 60 g $63 h 76 1 5
i $68 j $3762 k $374 l $100 2 4
3 7
4 9
Exercise 8-05 5 7
1 a $3120 b $672 6 3
2 a $8652 b $1848 7 1
3 $240 b
4 a $42 b 21.5% c $153
5 $198–$201 9
6 Phoebe, by $24. 8
7 Cinema: $864, Electronics store: $894. 7
Electronics store offers higher net pay.
Frequency

6
8 a $130 b $363.90 c 39.1%
9 a $812.03 b 27.9% 5
10 a $670.98 b 16.4% 4
11 a $2943.66 b $635.83 c $887.45 d $2056.21
3
12 a $519.12 b $4092.60 c $87 856.28 d 28.3%
13 a gross weekly income ¼ $638.40, total deductions ¼ 2
$277.80, net weekly income ¼ $360.60 1
b gross weekly income ¼ $525, total deductions ¼ $396.90, 0
net weekly income ¼ $128.10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
14 a $251.70 b 24.5% Length of queue
c 4 d 20

Power plus Exercise 9-01

1 a i 18.2 ii 18 iii 15 iv 16
1 $92.28/min 2 $55.56 3 $128/h b i 6.9 ii 7 iii 7 iv 14
4 Felicity: $514; Rose: $454.80; Difference: $59.20 c i 35.7 ii 38 iii 32, 45 iv 34
5 $1368 6 $21.50/h 7 $855 d i 8.7 ii 8.8 iii 8.8 iv 1
8 $841.50 9 $125 800 e i 0.3 ii 0.5 iii 2 iv 11
2 a max x ¼ 22.9C, min x ¼ 15.6C b 7.3
c max mode ¼ 23C, min mode ¼ 15C d 8
Chapter 8 revision 3 a 415 mm b 168 mm c 92 mm
4 76
1 a $1100.23 b $2200.46 c $4784.17 5 a 370 b 462 c 92
2 $505.05 6 No, as she needs to score 103%.
3 $790.79 7 a 6.3 b 7 c 7 d 8
4 a $645.75 b $763.88 8 a 1 is an outlier as it is away from the main body of data.
5 $4200 b 8, 9 c 7.3 d 8
6 $2250 e i 56.7% ii 33.3%
7 a $75 b $822.50 c $997.50 9 a Yes, 7
8 $11 625 b i x ¼ 2, median ¼ 2 ii x ¼ 2:3, median ¼ 2
9 $4117.20 c The mean.
10 a $139 454 b $39 544.98 10 a $180 000
11 a $182 b $1208.96 c 12.2% b i x ¼ $86 944, median ¼ $90 000
12 a $1071.60 b $459.60 c $612 ii x ¼ $96 250, median ¼ $91 500

9780170193085 597
 Answers

c The median, as it is only $1500 higher with the outlier 2 a

Children per family Frequency
included, while the mean is $9306 higher.
1 5
d i mode ¼ $93 000, range ¼ $35 000
2 8
ii mode ¼ $93 000, range ¼ $110 000
3 9
e Range
4 5
11 a 6.4 b 14.8 c 66.8
5 4
12 a 10, 9, 28, 30, 24 Sf ¼ 25, Sfx ¼ 101, x ¼ 4:04
b 66, 184, 168, 225, 130, 108 Sf ¼ 36, Sfx ¼ 881, x ¼ 24:47 6 3
13 a 34.4 b 12.9 7 4
14 a 2, 7, 18, 25, 35, 44, 50 i 5.5 ii 4 iii 6 8 1
b 3, 11, 31, 46, 57, 64 i 20 ii 19 iii 5 9 1
15 a
Number of seedlings per punnet Frequency
4 4 9
5 2 8
6 4
7
7 8
8 11 Frequency 6
9 8 5
10 4 4
11 3 3
12 1
2
b 8 c 8 d 7.8
1
Exercise 9-02 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 a Children per family
Results (Score) Frequency
b mode ¼ 3, range ¼ 8
2 1
c no outliers, clustered near 2–3 children
3 2
d 3 e 3.8
4 2
3 a 6 It’s the highest column.
5 7
b 5.96 c 6 d 5
6 5
4 a 73 b 14
7 5
c 2 It’s the score with the greatest frequency.
8 5 d 5 e 2
9 2 f 2.43 g clustering at 2–3 calls per minute
10 1 5 a Stem Leaf
b 4 0 1 5
8 5 1 3 5 6 8
6 3 4 5 6 7 7 7 8
7
7 1 2 4 7 9
6 8 2 7 8
Frequency

5 9 0 2 4
b 54 c Clustering occurs in the 60s, no outliers.
4
d 27 e 67.85 f 67
3 6 a 52 b 68 c 60.0 d 63
2 7 a Stem Leaf
1 11 8 9
12 1 5 6
0
2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 13 1 5 5 7
Results 14 3 4 5 6 9 9
c 6.1 d 6 e 5 f 8 15 0 0 0 1 4 4 7 7
g No outliers but clustering from 5–8. 16 1 1 3 3
17 6
18 3 7

598 9780170193085
 Answers

b i no outliers c i negatively skewed

ii clustering occurs near 14–15 seconds ii no outliers, clustering in the 70s and 80s
c 8 d 70% e i 43.3% ii 50% d i positively skewed
8 a 54, 55 or 56 b 22 c 59.5 ii no outlier, clustering near 21, 22
9 a Rockets: 8, Blues: 13 b Rockets: 52, Blues: 57 e i not symmetrical, bimodal
c The Blues, 40. ii no outliers, some clustering near 13, 16
d The Blues performed better as they had more games in f i positively skewed
which they scored more than 30 points. ii no outliers, clustering near 1, 2
e The Blues’ median was higher  37.5 compared to g i symmetrical
Rockets’ median of 27.5. ii no outliers, some clustering near 51
10 a Robyn Stem Anthony h i negatively skewed
7 1 ii 10 is an outlier, clustering near 18
7 3 2 8 9 2 a 36 b in the 30s and 40s
7 7 7 6 5 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 9 c positively skewed
5 2 2 1 4 2 3 7 d Test was too hard or students did not prepare for the test.
4 5 1 5 e x ¼ 48:6, median ¼ 45, mode is 28, 38, 45, 47, 64
b Anthony (547) sold more than Robyn (506). 3 a
Children per family Frequency
c 7 d Robyn, 54
1 4
e Clustering is in the 30s for both.
2 7
f Anthony
3 9
11 a Stem Leaf
4 6
1 1 5 9
5 4
2 3 5 7
6 3
3 1 2 3 4 5 6 8
7 3
4 0 2 5 5 7 8
8 1
5 2 5
6 5 9 1
12 5 mode, median mean
b Yes, 12.5 – this score is away from the main body of data.
c Clustering occurs in the 3–4 km distances.
d 4.01 e 3.6 9
f The median is the better as it is not affected by the outlier 8
score of 12.5 km. 7
12 a Girls Stem Boys
Frequency

6
8 1 0 6
5
2 6 8 9
9 6 3 2 4
8 5 4 0 3
9 9 6 1 5 0 0 5 7
2
7 0 6 3 7
8 6 6 4 3 7 2 4 5 6 1
5 2 0 8 2 8 0
4 9 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
b 95, boy c i 63.5 ii 56 Children per family
d 45% e 50% b No c positively skewed d 2 to 4
f i 62.8 ii 54.25 e mode ¼ 3, median ¼ 3, x ¼ 3:8
g i no ii no 4 C
5 a symmetrical, bimodal b 56, 64, 83
Exercise 9-03 c 76 d 72.8 e 72
f No, because the range has been affected by the outlier
1 a i symmetrical and bimodal of 26. Without the outlier, the range is 45.
ii no outliers, some clustering near 5, 11
b i symmetrical and bimodal
ii 10 is an outlier, clustering near 4, 6

9780170193085 599
 Answers

6 a f Men, as their mean and median are less than that for
women.
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 g Men. Their range is 29 compared to a range of 23 for
Sydney women.
6 Teacher to check.

Mental skills 9
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Melbourne 2a 8 b 0.3 c $12 d 0.8
b Sydney: x ¼ 21.75, median ¼ 22, mode ¼ 26, range ¼ 10 e $48 f 1.2 g 5.6 h $18
Melbourne: x ¼ 19.8, median ¼ 20, modes ¼ 17, 20, 24, i $3 j $7.20 k 77 l 26
26, range ¼ 13 4a 12.5 b $4.50 c $10.80 d 9.9
c Sydney is generally warmer  higher mean, median and e $15 f 4.8 g $30 h $90
lower range. i $14 j $7.20 k 5.7 l $10.50

Exercise 9-04 Exercise 9-05

1 a B: 59.58 s R: 57.54 s b B: 59.60 s R: 57.33 s 1 a census b sample c sample
c B: 1.71 s R: 4.55 s d census e census
d Ryan, his mean and median time is lower. 2 a every 5 years
e Brooke, as her range is 1.71 s compared to Ryan’s range of b 2016, 2021, 2026, … – every year ending in a 1 or 6
4.55 s. 3 a 872 b i 17.3% ii 15.1%
2 a S: 13.1C A: 13.3C b S: 27.9C A: 26.6C c i 17 ii 15
c S: 29.2C A: 26.2C d 8 days 4 No, as these students may live close to school or they may be
e Sydney. Its mean and median were higher. driven to school rather than use public transport.
3 a Test 1: 59 Test 2: 67 5 No, as they were shoppers, and from a particular shopping
b Test 1: 58.3 Test 2: 68.0 centre.
c Test 1: 59 Test 2: 54 6 a N b N c N d C e N
d Test 1 is positively skewed. Test 2 is slightly positively f N g N h C i C j N
skewed. 7 B
e Yes, the mean and median have increased significantly. 8 a D b C c C d C
4 a Logan City e D f D g C h D
b L: 27.25C S: 26.13C
c L: 11C S: 12C Exercise 9-06
d Logan City, slightly lower range and temperatures 1 Teacher to check.
clustered from 26C to 28C. 2 a People at a football match would not be thinking and/or
e L: 27C S: 26C interested in the amount of time spent on homework.
f Sydney, its mean and median are slightly lower b Many sports are/have body contact to some degree.
and it had a temperature of 26C or more c Most of the cars at the car show will use petrol.
on only 8 days compared to Logan City’s d People at a rock concert will usually favour rock music.
14 days. 3 Advantages – high accessibility as most people have a
5 a telephone
Men Stem Women
9 9 9 8 6 2 – good quality control as questions are asked the
8 7 2 2 1 1 0 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 9 9 same way
9 8 7 4 3 4 0 0 2 3 5 5 8 – anonymity of people being surveyed
5 3 5 1 1 4 7 – data can be processed quickly
Disadvantages – time taken for survey is limited so questions
b No, the range is too high.
are restricted to short answer type ones
c i The mean and median for men is different (x ¼ 37.2,
– people who screen calls may not answer
median ¼ 32.5).
when called
ii The mean and median for women is also different
– if the survey is about a product, participants
(x ¼ 42.2, median ¼ 40), but the difference is less.
cannot see, taste or feel the product
d Men: 29 Women: 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 45, 51
4 Teacher to check.
e Both are positively skewed. Clustering occurs in 30s
a Depends on the number of students in the school. For a
for both.
large school, more students need to be surveyed.

600 9780170193085
 Answers

b Can be given out at random to students in a school, may b Shape is nearly symmetrical or slightly positively skewed.
only take a short time to compete. No outliers or clusters.
c May take too much time to complete, some of the c 22–27 d 28–33
questions may require a lengthy response. 2 If the range is too large.
d Personal interview – students are asked at random at 3 a i
recess or lunch. Stem Seedlings
5 a Students from each year group are chosen at random 0 3 4 4 5 7 7 8
(stratified sample). 1 1 1 2 3 4 4 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9
b Choose students at random as they leave the canteen. 2 0 0 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 8
c, d Choose students from each year group (stratified 3 0 1 3
sample).
e Randomly select some classes from your school or from ii Stem Seedlings
different schools in NSW. 00 3 4 4
f Telephone survey or personal interview in a shopping 05 5 7 7 8
centre. 10 1 1 2 3 4 4
6 C as all students in the school are asked. Answer A means 15 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 9
only year 9 students are asked and Answer B would only 20 0 0 3 3 4 4
provide an estimate. 21 5 5 6 7 8 8
7 a The question is not precise enough. A better question 30 0 1 3
might be:
b i Positively skewed, no outliers, clustered in the 10s
‘Circle the amount of time you spend studying per week:
stem.
0  less than 2 hours 2  less than 4 hours 4 hours or
ii Symmetrical, no outliers, clustered in 15–19 stem.
more ’
c Plot ii gives the better indication. It gives a better
b The question is too general. A better question could be:
breakdown of how many seedlings grow per punnet
‘Select your favourite sport from the list below’ and
(modal goup is 15–19).
include ‘Other’ in the list.
c The question is too general. A better question could be:
‘What is your income? Chapter 9 revision
a $15 000  <$25 000 b $25 000  < $40 000
1 x ¼ 7, median ¼ 8, mode ¼ 8, range ¼ 6
c $40 000  < $60 000 ……’
2 a $525 100 b $393 500
d, e The question is too general. It should include:
c The median is the better measure as it is not
‘Select from the list below’ and include ‘Other’ in the list.
affected by the high price of $1 750 000.
f, g The question is not precise enough. A better question
If $1 750 000 is excluded, the mean is $389 000.
might be:
d Because the mean is affected by either very high
‘Circle the amount of time you spend exercising/
or very low prices (outliers).
on the Internet per day or week:
3 a Stem Leaf
0  less than 1 hours 1 hour  less than 2 hours
2 hours or less than 4 hours more than 4 hours ’ 2 2
h The question is too general. A better one might be: 3 8
‘How many text messages do you send in one day? 4 2 3 5 7
h 0  10 h 11  20 h 21  40 h more than 40 5 4 6 8 9
8 Teacher to check. 6 2 3 4 4 7
7 0 0 1 2 3 5 7 8 8
Power plus 8 3 4 5 6 9
9 0
1 a
Class Cumulative b x ¼ 65.5, median ¼ 68.5, mode ¼ 64, 70 and 78,
interval Frequency frequency range ¼ 68
16–21 3 3 c Yes, 22
22–27 8 11 d The median, as the mean is affected by the outlier 22.
28–33 7 18 4 a 6 b 1 c 1.93 d 2
34–39 7 25 e The mean as there are no outliers.
40–45 7 32
46–51 2 34

9780170193085 601
 Answers

5 a Northbridge Stem Westvale Chapter 10

9 9 7 0 5 7 7 8 9
8 6 6 5 1 1 3 5 5 8 8 SkillCheck
8 7 7 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 5 6 1 a i 88 cm ii 384 cm2
8 7 7 5 2 0 0 3 3 5 6 7 7 b i 112 cm ii 336 cm2
7 5 2 4 3 4 c i 37.70 cm ii 113.10 cm2
3 5 d i 70 cm ii 200 cm2
b Northbridge: 27.25 min, 27.5 min, 46 min e i 84 cm ii 336 cm2
Westvale: 22.875 min, 24 min, 39 min f i 94.25 cm ii 706.86 cm2
c No outliers, some clustering for Northbridge in the 30s 2 a 34 000 mm b 9.25 m c 1.5 km
and for Westvale in the 20s. d 3.75 L e 380 mm f 7 500 mL
1
d The waiting times for Westvale are less than for 3 a 2 b 14 c 13 d 23
36
Northbridge and more consistent. 4 a 180 cm3 b 2197 cm 3
c 1440 cm 3
d 4500 cm3
6 a no symmetry or skewness, no outliers, clustering at 12, 14. 5 a i 5
b symmetrical, no outliers, clustering near 100  109. ii Three rectangles and two right triangles
c negatively skewed, no outliers, clustering near 15  17. iii Right triangular prism
7 a Girls Stem Boys b i 8 ii Six rectangles and two hexagons
8 1 13 4 iii Hexagonal prism
8 7 5 2 14 8 c i 6 ii Four rectangles and two trapeziums
6 5 3 0 0 15 0 4 iii Trapezoidal prism
3 2 0 16 4 4 5 6 a 41 b 12 c 3.9
17 0 1 5 6 6 8
18 0 Exercise 10-01
b i Nearly symmetrical ii negatively skewed 1 a cm b t c km
c No outliers for girls, 134 is an outlier for the boys. d L e kL f hour
d Girls: 150, 150; Boys: 164.64, 167.5 2 a 0.75 mg b 36 000 L c 67 000 g
e For the boys, the median is the better measure. For the d 1500 mL e 67 mm f 3500 m
girls, both measures are good. g 9400 kg h 3750 mg i 425 cm
f Girls j 200 g k 26 200 mL l 300 m
g Boys. Their range is 46 cm compared to the range for m 3000 000 mL n 5760 min o 54 000 s
girls, which is 32 cm. p 270 000 cm q 5 000 000 mg r 700 mm
8 a sample b sample c census d sample s 29 375 000 g t 18 140 000 mm
9 a numerical, continuous b numerical, discrete 3 B
c categorical d categorical 4 a B b B c A d C e B
e numerical, continuous 5 a 8 kL b 9 cm c 3 min d 4h
10 a Not all teens read Dolly magazine. e 0.375 L f 14.7 t g 8.6 g h 7.5 m
b Only those diners interested/volunteering to complete the i 22.3 cm j 0.8 kg k 0.125 kL l 0.0035 t
survey are sampled. m 17 kg n 5 days o 45 t p 40 h
c Need to sample workers as well, not only management q 1 days r 0.025 km s 0.075 kL t 34.7 m
who may have a biased view. 6 B
d People at a premiere are not the usual moviegoers. 7 a 4800 kB b 2100 GB c 8500 MB
e It is restricted to one radio station playing a specific type d 10 800 000 B e 2.91 kB f 0.74 GB
of music. g 1.05 MB h 5.9 TB i 0.000 94 MB
11 a The question is too general and many responses could be j 57 000 MB k 430 000 kB l 21 000 GB
given. Instead, give choices such as always, most of the
m 7800 B n 2.18 GB o 0.042 MB
time, sometimes, half the time, not often, rarely, never.
p 940 000 kB
b The question is too general. Give choices such as
8 3600 kB 9 4324 files
excellent, good, satisfactory, poor.
10 a 520 000 000 ¼ 5.2 3 108 km b 6s
c The question encourages bias towards saying yes because
c 750 y d 0.012 m
people have died for the flag. A better question might be
e 6.4 3 108 m f 2.0 3 1013 km
‘Do you think Australia’s flag should be changed?’ with a
g 70 ms h 250 000 y
Yes/No response and then a choice of reasons such as
h Australia is independent of Great Britain i 4.8 s j 5290 Mm
h Australia is a multicultural nation k 6.2 3 1012 km l 6000 mm
h Australia is ‘part’ of Asia m 940 millennia n 8.5 centuries
h Other o 85 ly p 80 nm
602 9780170193085
 Answers

Exercise 10-02 6 a 100 b $0.60 c 2.5 d $1.35

e $1.84 f $4.20 g 40 h 6.5
1 a i 1 mm ii 0.5 mm
i $0.48 j $6.90 k $3.60 l 42
b i 1C ii 0.5C
c i 1 min ii 0.5 min ¼ 30 s
d i 100 g ii 50 g
Exercise 10-05
e i 1 cm ii 0.5 cm ¼ 5 mm 1 a i 50.27 cm ii 201.06 cm2
f i 1 ii 0.5 b i 32.67 cm ii 84.95 cm2
g i 5 km/h ii 2.5 km/h c i 94.25 cm ii 706.86 cm2
h i 250 g ii 125 g d i 88.59 cm ii 624.58 cm2
i i 10 mL ii 5 mL 2 a i 92.5 m ii 508.9 m2
j i 1 kL ii 0.5 kL ¼ 500 L b i 35.7 m ii 78.5 m2
1
k i 4 tank ii  18 tank c i 4.1 m ii 1.0 m2
2 D d i 136.0 m ii 1055.6 m2
3 a 1 cm b 0.5cm e i 221.5 m ii 2565.9 m2
c 0.5 mm d 26.75 to 26.85 mm f i 15.1 m ii 9.4 m2
g i 17.4 m ii 5.6 m2
Exercise 10-03 h i 303.9 m ii 4618.1 m2
3 a 182.83 cm b 72.85 cm c 121.12 mm
1 a i 48 mm ii 110 mm2
d 129.12 m e 554.20 cm f 1416.67 m
b i 30 m ii 26 m2
g 103.98 m h 46.57 m i 56.55 cm
c i 340 m ii 4200 m2
4 a 2228 m2 b 293 m2 c 952 m2 d 442 m2
d i 52 cm ii 126 cm2
e 63 m2 f 71 m2 g 503 m2 h 151 m2
e i 92 cm ii 516 cm2
i 193 m2 j 743 m2 k 4664 m2 l 471 m2
f i 136 cm ii 864 cm2 2
5 a 20 056 m b $4001
2 a 150 m2 b 51 m2 c 88 mm2
6 a 40 074 km b 47 614 km
d 156 m2 e 210 m2 f 36 cm2
7 1.2 m2
g 189 cm2 h 1000 cm2 i 71 m2
8 a 34.56 m2 b $2592
j 201.19 m2 k 88 000 cm2
9 4.9 m
3 B
10 a difference ¼ 15.708 cm b extra ¼ 157 m
4 a 38.72 cm2 b 27.2 cm2
11 a 39 m2 b 156% increase
12 a Zoe 399.3 m b Jaron 405.6 m c 6.3 m
Exercise 10-04
1 a 48 cm2 b 54.4 m2 c 340 mm2 Exercise 10-06
d 3 cm2 e 84 cm2 f 950 mm2
1 C
g 280 mm2 h 20 m2 i 91.52 cm2
2 a
2 a 300 mm2 b 172.5 mm2 c 90 mm2
d 360 mm2 e 120 mm2 f 72 mm2
g 66.5 mm2 h 510 mm2 i 112 mm2
3 a 84 m2 b 52.25 m2 c 800 mm2
d 190 m2 e 54 cm2 f 3.15 m2
g 84 cm2 h 144.6 m2 i 840 mm2
4 a 46 m2 b 148 cm2 c 24 m2
b
d 168 cm2 e 100.8 cm2 f 29.04 m2
5 a 160 m2 b 141 m2 c 7.8 m2

Mental skills 10A

2 a 19 b $7.50 c 87.5 d $20.20 d

e $3.76 f 40 g $0.925 h 89.6 c

i $270 j $0.38 k $152.76 l $7.25

m 315.4 n $1.07 o 42.6 p $2431.76
4a 10 b 124 c 490 d $1.72
e 14.4 f $2540 g 78 h $1.16
i $9 j $16.80 k $920 l 64

9780170193085 603
 Answers

3 a 253.5 m2 b 4140 cm2 c 103 680 cm2 6 a 500 b $20 c 4.5 d $6.25
d 125.36 cm2 e 9600 mm2 f 9680 cm2 e $81 f $35 g 16.5 h 74.5
4 a 408 m2 b 348 m 2
c 2310 cm2 i $195 j $425 k $31.50 l 290
d 71.4 cm2 e 360 m 2
f 648 m2 8a 160 b $1.50 c 7.5 d $32.50
5 a rectangular prism b trapezoidal prism e $67.50 f $31.25 g 38 h 170
c cube d triangular prism
e square pyramid f cylinder
g triangular prism h rectangular prism
Exercise 10-09
6 a 145 140 cm2 b $174.17 1 a 149.3 cm3 b 240 cm3 c 120 cm3
7 D d 336 m3 e 1200 cm3 f 106.7 m3
8 a h ¼ 8.9 m b 71.2 m2 c 862.4 m2 2 B
2
9 a cube A ¼ 2646 m 3 a i 24 cm ii 3200 cm3 iii 3200 mL or 3.2 L
b rectangular prism, A ¼ 684 m2 b i 20 m ii 19 200 m3 iii 19 200 kL
c right triangular prism, A ¼ 9720 m2 c i 40 mm ii 4320 mm3 iii 4.32 mL
d trapezoidal prism, A ¼ 6378 m2 d i 60 mm ii 28 160 mm3 iii 28.16 mL
10 a 2804 cm2 b 19 440 cm2 c 3740 cm2 e i 7.7 m ii 133.06 m3 iii 133.06 kL
2
11 a 151.33 m b 251.33 m2 f i 84 cm ii 564 480 cm3 iii 56 448 mL or 56.448 L
4 a 2 592 100 m3 b 1.127 m3
Exercise 10-07 5 27 m 6 76 mm 7 4.9 cm
1 a 747.70 m 2
b 2550.97 cm 2 8 a 209 m3 b 872 cm3 c 1272 mm3
c 206.47 m2 d 15.83 m2 d 616 cm3 e 393 cm3 f 2545 mm3
2 a 904.8 cm2 b 8545.1 mm2 9 a 116.1 cm3 b 13 796.9 m3 c 377.8 cm3
3 a 2159.8 m2 b 3.9 m2 c 1894.5 m2 d 2.4 m3 e 296 162.1 m3 f 129 638.4 cm3
d 6.5 m 2
e 14.4 m 2
f 1131.0 m2 10 9.7 cm
4 a A ¼ 56.5 m 2
b 7 L of paint 11 8.8 m
5 The triangular prism tent has 7.6 m2 more surface area. 12 5.23 mm
6 2073.5 cm2
Power plus
Exercise 10-08
1 a 135 cm3 b 64 m3 c 6120 mm3 1 a 157.08 cm b 50p
d 1.728 m3 e 21 952 mm3 f 258.06 cm3 2 a 70.83 cm b 125.66 m2
2 a 504.8 m 3
b 1045 cm 3
c 19 968 cm3 3 60 cm 4 628 m2
2
3 a 1133.0 cm 3
b 17 671.5 mm 3
c 1.8 m3 5 a i A ¼ 52.3 cm ii P ¼ 33.4 cm
d 1606.0 cm3 e 17 583.1 cm3 f 301 593.0 mm3 b i A ¼ 121.1 cm2 ii P ¼ 46.6 cm
g 500.0 m3 c i A ¼ 185.1 cm2 ii P ¼ 50.7 cm
4 a 9.7 m3 b 94 247.8 m3 c 7.4 m3 6 V ¼ 160 cm3
d 135.7 m 3
e 5026.5 m 3
f 216.9 m3 7 side length ¼ 15 cm, volume ¼ 3375 cm3
g 42.3 m3 h 107.5 m3 i 146.3 m3 8 40 mm
5 C
6 a 306 000 cm3 ¼ 0.306 m3 Chapter 10 revision
b l ¼ 0.90 m, w ¼ 0.40 m, h ¼ 0.85 m, V ¼ 0.306 m3
It is easier to convert each measurement to the required units
1 a 8000 m b 900 s c 700 mm
before doing the calculation.
d 250 kg e 8400 MB f 9500 kg
7 5m 8 23.76 L 9 678.58 cm3
3
g 5h h 34 kB i 125 000 L
10 7 m 11 13 666 cm 12 300 kL
j 0.025 km k 17 000 t l 8.9 TB
m 10.5 s n 9100 y o 2 600 000 m
Mental skills 10B p 2.838 3 1013 km q 0.4 ms r 75 m
2 a i 1 mm ii 0.5 mm
2 a 18 b $126 c 39 d $30.30 b i 1 ii 0.5
e $7.50 f 10.8 g $27 h 60 c i 1 min or 1 s ii 0.5 min ¼ 30 s, or  0.5 s
i $240 j $3.30 k 900 l $52.50 d i 10 km/h ii 5 km/h
4a 10 b 166 c $50 d $22 3 a 432 mm2 b 64 m2 c 16 cm2 d 2340 mm2
e 37.5 f $5.80 g 135 h $22.60

604 9780170193085
 Answers

4 a 52 cm2 b 468 mm2 c 72 m2 9 a Perimeter ¼ 72 cm, Area ¼ 212 cm2

d 198 mm2 e 120 m2 f 260 cm2 b Perimeter ¼ 66 cm, Area ¼ 231 cm2
5 a i P ¼ 57.3 m ii A ¼ 205.3 m2 10 a $1206.50 b 55.3%
b i P ¼ 7.7 m ii A ¼ 3.5 m2 11 C 12 $904.80 13 125 g
c i 54.8 cm ii 56.5 cm2 14 a 200 mm2 b 240 mm2 c 30 cm2
6 a 14.14 m2 b 162.62 mm2 c 326.73 cm2 15 $14 218.75
7 a 61.44 m2 b 152 m2 c 760 m2 d 2256 m2 16 a Positively skewed b 2 and 3
8 a 7389.03 m2 b 1437.28 mm2 c 104.33 cm2 c mode ¼ 3, range ¼ 8
9 a 32.768 m3 b 176 m3 c 960 m3 d 5040 m3 17 a 158 m2 b 360 cm2
10 a 48 490.48 m3 b 4064.44 mm3 c 109.93 cm3 18 a 120 m3 b 300 cm3
11 123.75 L 19 a i 20.6 m ii 25.1 m2
12 10 800 cm3 b i 20.5 m ii 26.2 m2
13 a 323 m3 b 540 cm3 c i 28.6 m ii 44.6 m2
14 a 1340.4 cm3 b 733.0 mm3 20 a ‘People at a park’ does not represent everybody, as
15 10.7 cm employed people are less likely to be at the park.
b Not enough information obtained as responses will just be
Mixed revision 3 Yes or No.
c Which of the following applies to you?
1 a 12.5 h b 1.35 L c 0.512 GB h going to school/TAFE/University h working part time
d 3005 g e 2700 m f 250 kB h working full time h retired
2 a $82.80 b 560 h carer for children and/or other person
3 a $63 720 b $12 256 h on unemployment benefits
4 a 21 24 700 mm3 22 4710 mm2
Shoe size Frequency
5 5 23 a Mon: positively skewed Wed: almost symmetrical
b Mon: 8.79 Wed: 9.58
6 8
c Mon: 8.5 Wed: 9.5
7 6
d Monday
8 5
e Wednesday
9 3
24 8 cm
10 2
11 1
Chapter 11
b Shoe sizes
SkillCheck
8
7 1 a
x 2 1 0 1 2
y 5 3 1 1 3
Frequency

6
5 b x 2 1 0 1 2
1
4 y 0 2 1 112 2
3
2 a y¼5 b y ¼ 1 c x ¼2 12 d x ¼ 1
2 3 a 2 b 2 c 8.5
1
Exercise 11-01
0
5 6 7
8 9 10 11 1 a 7.3 b 7.2 c 8.2
Shoe size d 14.3 e 7.1 f 14.3
c 63.3% d mode ¼ 6, range ¼ 6 pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi
2 a i 45 or 3 5 ii 6.7
e 7 f 7.1 pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
b i 117 ii 10.8
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi
5 a $1076.27 b $2152.55 c $4680 c i 128 or 8 2 ii 11.3
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi
6 a $752.40 b $526.68 c $3536.28 d i 68 or 2 17 ii 8.2
7 a i 46, 48 ii 48.6 iii 48 iv 6 3 a 7.071 b 5 c 6.403 d 18.474
b i 70 ii 70.7 iii 70 iv 10 4 a 4.5 b 10.8 c 11.3 d 5 e 24.1
8 a numerical, discrete b categorical f 13 g 11.4 h 2.8 i 17.2
c numerical, continuous d numerical, continuous 5 A

9780170193085 605
 Answers

pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi

6 a RS ¼ 20, ST ¼ 8, RT ¼ 20 c Both gradients are 23.
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi
b isosceles triangle d TZ ¼ 2 13 units, PR ¼ 4 13 units, PR is double the
7 a trapezium b P ¼ 28 units c A ¼ 38 sq units length of TZ.
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi
8 a square b 52 or 2 13 units c 28.8 units
d 52 sq units Exercise 11-04

Exercise 11-02 1 a y
7
6
1 A
5
2 a (4, 4) b (5, 3) c (1, 1) y=x–3
4
3 a (8, 7) b (7, 8) c (412, 4)
3
1
d (2, 3) e (4, 42) f (7, 12) 2
g (12, 312) h (3, 12) i (1, 612) 1
j (1, 1) k (7, 8) l (512, 6) x
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4 a P(2, 3) b Q(1, 1) c R(5, 5) –1
5 D –2
–3
6 a i (12, 1) ii (12, 1)
–4
b They are the same point. The diagonals bisect each other.
–5
7 a M(12, 412)
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi –6
b i 50 or 5 2 ii 4:5 iii 17 –7
2
c i 7.5 units ii P ¼ 15.3 units
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffiffiffi
8 a 2 26 units b 2 26 units c Yes i 3 ii 3
d (2, 1) e (2, 1)
b y y = 2x + 2
f Yes, their midpoints are the same. 7
6
5
Exercise 11-03
4
1 a þ b  c  3
2 a 2 b 14 c 5 2

3 a 12 b 5 c 23 d 7 1

e 16 f 52 g  72 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x
–1
4 C –2
5 a 1 b 13 c 5 –3
1
d 2 e 0 f 12 –4
g 74 h 12 i 0 –5
6 A 7 k: 15, l: 12 8 B –6
9 a mPQ ¼ 12, mQR ¼ 52, mRS ¼ 12, mPS ¼ 52 –7

b QR and PS, PQ and RS. They are parallel.

i 1 ii 2
c parallelogram
10 a y c y = –x + 5 y
Q (–2 , 10) 7
10
6
9 5
Z
8
4
7 3
6 2
5 R (4 , 6) 1
T
4
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
3 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 –2
1 –3
–4
–8 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 –5
–2 –6
P (–8 , –2) –3 –7

b T(5, 4), Z(1, 8) i 5 ii 5

606 9780170193085
 Answers

d y y = 3x g y
7
7
6
6 (x + 2)
5 y=
5 2
4
3 4
2 3
1 2
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x 1
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–2 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–3
–4 –2
–5 –3
–6 –4
–7
–5
–6
i 0 ii 0
–7
e y = –x y
7
6 i 2 ii 1
5
h y y = 2x + 1
4 7
3 6
2 5
1
4
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3
–2 2
–3 1
–4
–5 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–6
–2
–7
–3
–4
i 0 ii 0
–5
f y
10 –6
9 –7
8
7 i 12 ii 1
6 i y
5
6
4
5
3
2 4
1 3

–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x 2
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 y =x – 2
–2 3
–3 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–4
–2
–5
–6
–3
y = 10 – 4x –4
–7
–8 –5
–9 –6
–10

i 212 ii 10 i 6 ii 2

9780170193085 607
 Answers

2 B e y
3 a y 7
2 6 2x
y = –– +1
1 5 3
x 4
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–1 3
–2 2
–3 1
–4
y = 3x − 6 –3 –2 –1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
x
–5 –1
–6 –2

f y
b y 5
5 4
4
3x − 4y =12
6 −x
y = –––– 3
3 2
2
2
1
1
0 1 x
0 x –4 –3 –2 –1 2 3 4 5
–2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 –1
–1
–2
–2
–3
–3
–4
c y –5
7
6 g
x +y = 7 y
5
6
4 5
3
4
2
x+y=4
3
1 2
0 x 1
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–1
x
–2 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
–2
d y –3
3
x −y = 6
2
h y
1
2
0 1 x 1
–2 –1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
0 1 x
–2 –2 –1 2 3 4 5
–1
–3 –2
–4 –3
–5 –4
–6
2x − y − 5= 0
–5
–6

608 9780170193085
 Answers

i y c y
5 6
5
4
4
3 y
–x– + –– = 1 3
2 2 3
2
1 1

0 1 x –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
−2 −1 2 3 4 5 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−1
–2
−2
–3
−3
–4
–5
y = –5
4 a yes b no c yes –6 x = 21
d yes e yes f no x=0 2
5 a LHS ¼ RHS ¼ 1 for x  2y ¼ 1; d y
LHS ¼ RHS ¼ 5 for x þ y ¼ 5. 6
b (3, 2)
5
6 LHS ¼ RHS ¼ 12 for y ¼ 3x þ 6;
LHS ¼ RHS ¼ 12 for y ¼ 2x. 4
y=3
7 C 3
8 a y
y = 1.5 2
6
x = –3 x=2 1
5
4 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
3
2 –2
x = –2
1 –3

–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x –4
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–5
–2
–6
–3
–4
–5 9 a y¼6 b x ¼ 4 c y¼3 d x¼5
–6 e y ¼ 5 f x¼3 g y ¼ 3 h x ¼ 1
10 a y¼6 b x ¼ 5 c y¼2 d x ¼ 5
e y ¼ 2 f y ¼ 1 g x ¼ 1
b y
11 a x¼0 b y¼0
7
6
y=6
5 Mental skills 11
4
3 2 a 2, 5 b 3 c 2, 3, 6 d 3, 5
e 2 f 2, 3, 5, 6 g 5 h 3
2
3 a 4, 9 b 4, 10 c 9 d 10
1
e 4, 9 f None g 9 h 4, 9, 10
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–2
–3 y = –2
–4
–5
–6
–7

9780170193085 609
 Answers

Exercise 11-05 c y y = 3x + 2
7
1 a m ¼ 3, b ¼ 2 b m ¼ 2, b ¼ 7 6
c m ¼ 1, b ¼ 4 d m ¼ 1, b ¼ 9 5
e m ¼ 34, b ¼ 6 f m ¼ 1, b ¼ 0
4
g m ¼ 12, b ¼ 11 h m ¼ 23, b ¼ 6
3
i m ¼ 2, b ¼ 8 j m ¼ 1, b ¼ 5
2
k m ¼ 14, b ¼ 0 l m ¼ 3, b ¼ 11
m m ¼ 0, b ¼ 5 n m ¼ 25, b ¼ 1 1
o m ¼ 1, b ¼ 72 p m ¼ 34, b ¼ 1 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 D
3 a y ¼ 2x  1 b y ¼ 34 x þ 2 –2
c y ¼ 3x þ 5 d y ¼  25 x þ 3 –3
4 C –4
5 a y –5
y = 2x + 1
6 –6
5 –7

4
d y = –4x y
3
6
2
5
1
4
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x 3
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
2
–2
1
–3
–4 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–5
–2
–6
–3
–4
b y
y=x–4
4 –5
3 –6
2
1 e y
y = –3x – 3
x 6
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–1 5
–2
4
–3
–4 3

–5 2
–6 1
–7
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6

–2
–3
–4
–5
–6

610 9780170193085
 Answers

f y
Exercise 11-06
6
y=x+2
5 2 1 a y¼xþ4 b y ¼ 3x2 c y ¼ 3x  5
d y ¼ 3x
2 þ7 e y ¼  3x þ 3 f y ¼ 2x  6
4
2 a y ¼ 2x þ 2 b y¼x c y ¼  2x þ 5
3 d y ¼  2x þ 3 e y ¼ 3x  3 f y ¼ x  2
2 g y ¼ 3x  10 h y ¼ 2x
5 þ2 i y ¼ 2x  3
1
Exercise 11-07
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 a x¼3 b x ¼ 2 c x ¼ 112
–2 2 a y
10
–3
9
–4 8
(3, 7)
–5 7
6
–6 y = 2x + 1
5
4
g y 3
9 2
y=8– 3x
8 4 1

7 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
6
–2
5 –3
4 –4
3 –5
2 –6

1 –7
–8
–2 –1 x –9
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
–10
–2
–3
x¼3
–4
b x ¼ 4.5 c x ¼ 3
–5
3 a x¼3 b x ¼ 412 c x ¼ 3
–6
4 B
5 a y
h y
y = 5x – 1 7
6 2
6
5 5
4 4
3 3
y = 3x – 2
2 2
1 1

–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–2
–2
–3
–3 –4
–4 –5
–5 –6
–6 –7

x¼3
b x ¼ 3 c x¼0

9780170193085 611
 Answers

6 a y 8 a y
7 6
6 (4, 5)
5
5
y = –x + 1 4
y= 1x+3
4
3 3 2
2 2
1 1
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6
–1
–2
–2
–3
(4, –3) –3
–4
–4
–5
–6 –5
–7 –6

x¼4 x¼4
b x ¼ 3 c x¼2 b x ¼ 4 c x ¼ 2

7 a y
10 Exercise 11-08
9 1 a
8 S
25
7
6
20
y = –2x – 1
5 15
4 10
3 5
2
1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 M
5
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x b S¼ 8M c 22.5 cm d 64 kg
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 Y ¼ 115
–2 3 C
–3 4 a M ¼ 74V b 710.5 g
–4 c i 16 cm3 ii 205.7 cm3
–5 5 n ¼ 2.5m
–6 6 a I ¼ 0.025D b $62.50 c $125
–7 7 p ¼ 108
–8 8 a 11.25 km b 2h 8 min
–9 (4, –9) 9 A
–10 10 a V ¼ 64t b 512 L c 15 min
11 a 22.8 kg b 84.1 kg
12 a 235.2 kPa b 141.7 m
x¼4
b x ¼ 12 c x ¼ 2

612 9780170193085
 Answers

b Same: concave down, vertex (0, 0).

Exercise 11-09
Different: y ¼ 3x2 narrower than y ¼ 0.1x2.
1 a, b y y = 2x2 4 a i vertex (0, 0)
8
y
8
7
y = x2
7
6 y = 0.5x2
6
5
5
4
4
3
3 y = 0.25x 2
2
2
1
1
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 x
–1 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 x
–1
–2
–2
–3
–3
–4
–4
–5
–5
–6
–6
–7
–7
–8
–8
c Same: both concave up, vertex (0, 0).
Different: y ¼ 2x2 is narrower than y ¼ 12 x2.
ii Both concave up. iii y ¼ 14 x2 iv (0, 0)
2 D
b i vertex (0, 0)
3 a y y
8 y = 2x 2
8

7 7

6 6

5 5

4 4

3 3

2 2

1 1

–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 x x
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3
–1 –1
y = –0.1x2
–2 –2

–3 –3

–4 –4

–5 –5

–6 –6

–7 –7

–8 y = –3x2 –8 y = –2x2

9780170193085 613
 Answers

ii y ¼ 2x2 concave up, y ¼ 2x2 concave down 5 C

iii same width iv (0, 0) 6 a i y ¼ x2 þ 1, vertex (0, 1); y ¼ x2 þ 3, vertex (0, 3).
y
c i vertex (0, 0) 10
y
8 y = x2 + 3
9

7 8

7 y = x 2 +1
6

5 6

5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1

–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 x
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 x
–1
–1
–2
–2
–3 –3

–4 –4

–5 –5
y = –0.5x 2
–6 –6

–7 ii both concave up
iii both same width
–8 y = –3x2
iv y ¼ x2 þ 1, y-int.: 1; y ¼ x2 þ 3, y-int.: 3.
b i y ¼ x2  2, vertex (0, 2); y ¼ 2x2 þ 4, vertex (0, 4).
ii both concave down iii y ¼ 12 x2 wider iv (0, 0)
y
d i vertex (0, 0) 10
y
8 9
y = 5x 2
7 8

6 7

6
5 y = 2x2+ 4
5
4
4
3
3
2 2
y = 0.2x 2
1 1

x –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 x
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3
–1
–1
–2
–2
y = –x2 – 2
–3
–3
–4
–4 –5

–5 –6

–6 –7

–8
–7
–9
–8
–10
2
614 ii both concave up iii y ¼ 0.2x is wider iv (0, 0) 9780170193085
 Answers

ii y ¼ 2x2 þ 4 concave up; y ¼ x2  2 concave down. y

iii y ¼ x2  2 10 y = 2x 2+ 2
iv y ¼ x2  2, y-int.: 2; y ¼ 2x2 þ 4, y-int.: 4.
c i y 9
10
8
9
7
8
6
7
5
6
4
5
3
4
2
3
1
2
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 x
1
–1
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 x
–2
–1
–3
–2
–4
–3
–5
–4
y = –5x 2 – 2 –6
–5
–7
–6
–8
–7
–9
–8 y = –3x 2– 4
2–
y = –2x 1
–10
–9
ii y ¼ 2x2 þ 2 concave up; y ¼ 3x2  4 concave down.
–10 iii y ¼ 2x2 þ 2
iv y ¼ 2x2 þ 2, y-int.: 2; y ¼ 3x2  4, y-int.: 4.
y ¼ 5x2  2, vertex (0, 2); y ¼ 2x2  1, vertex (0, 1) 7 C
ii Both concave down.
iii y ¼ 2x2  1 Exercise 11-10
iv y ¼ 5x2  2, y-int.: 2; y ¼ 2x2  1, y-int.: 1.
d i y ¼ 3x2  4, vertex (0, 4); y ¼ 2x2 þ 2, vertex 1 a centre (0, 0), r ¼ 2 b centre (0, 0), r ¼ 1
(0, 2). c centre (0, 0), r ¼ 9 d centre (0, 0), r ¼ 10
e centre (0, 0), r ¼ 5 f centre (0, 0), r ¼ 12

9780170193085 615
 Answers

2 D 5 y
3 a x2 þ y2 ¼ 16 b x2 þ y2 ¼ 36 y = –3x + 6 10
c x2 þ y2 ¼ 6.25 d x2 þ y2 ¼ 0.81 9
4 B 8
5 A
7
6 x2 þ y2 ¼ 64
6
7 B
5
8 28 units
pffiffiffiffiffi pffiffiffi 4
9 a 12 or 2 3
b y 3
6 2

5 1

4 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x2 + y2 = 12
3 –2
2 –3
1 –4
–5
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x –6
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
–2
a 2 b 6
–3
6 a yes b yes c yes
–4 7 a y
–5 x = –4 x=3
6
–6 5
4
3
Power plus y=2
2
1 D(3, 5) 1
2 a y ¼ 23 x  2 b 4
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
3 Y(5, 4)
pffiffiffiffiffi –1 1 2 3 4 5 6
4 a r ¼ 73
pffiffiffiffiffi –2
b r ¼ 73  8.54; 10 > 8.54, [ P lies outside the circle as it
is further from the origin. –3
pffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
5 RS ¼ 13, ST ¼ 13, RT ¼ 208 [RS ¼ ST ¼ 13 units –4
[ isosceles triangle
–5
6 B(5, 4), C(8, 1), D(5, 2) y = –6
–6

Chapter 11 revision b 56 units2

pffiffiffiffiffi 8 a y¼4 b x ¼ 1 c y¼0
1 a 97 b 9.8 9 a m ¼ 3, b ¼ 1 b m ¼ 1, b ¼ 8
2 a (3, 7) b (4, 4) c (1, 2) c m ¼ 15, b ¼ 4 d m ¼ 6, b ¼ 0
3 a i MN, CD, GH ii KL, IJ, AB iii EF
b i 17 ii  54 iii  14
pffiffiffiffiffi
c (9, 12) d 13
4 a m ¼ 2 b m ¼ 2 c m ¼ 13

616 9780170193085
 Answers

10 a y 14 y
10 y = x2 + 1
10
y = –3x – 1
9 9
8
8
7
6 7
5 6
4
5
3
2 4
1
3
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 x
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2

–2 1
–3
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 x

–5 –1
–6
–2
–7
–3
–8
–9 –4
–10
–5

m ¼ 3, b ¼ 1 –6
b y y= x+6
7 2 –7
6 –8
5
–9
4
3 –10 y = –2x 2

2
1 a y ¼ x2 þ 1, vertex (0, 1): y ¼ 2x2, vertex (0, 0).
b y ¼ x2 þ 1 concave up; y ¼ 2x2 concave down.
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x c y ¼ x2 þ 1
–1
–2 15 B
–3 16 centre (0, 0), radius 4
–4 y
–5 6
–6 5
x 2 + y 2 = 16
4
–7
3
2
m ¼ 12, b ¼ 6
1
11 a y ¼ 2x þ 1 b y ¼ 3x þ 1 x
–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
12 x ¼ 3 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 –2
13 a T ¼ 35 d b d ¼ 58 km
–3
–4
–5
–6

9780170193085 617
 Answers

Chapter 12 5 a 500
b i 0.47 ii 0.468 iii 0.35
SkillCheck iv 0.302 v 0.832
c i 0.652 ii 0.667
1 a 15 b 40% c 60% d 11
20 d The probabilities are close.
2 A, B, C
1
6 a 0.28 b 0.16 c 0.45
3 a 13 b 14 c 12
d 0.89 e 0.60
4 a ii b v c vi
7 a 40
d iii e i f iv
b i 11
40 ii 18 iii 3
4 iv 1
8
5 a 16 b 23 c 12 d 1
4
3 8 a 31 b 10
31 c 11
31
6 a 5, 6, 7, 8 26 5 9
d e f
b i 25% ii 100% iii 25% iv 75% 31
3
31
1
31
1
9 a 10 b 10 c 4
1 9 17
d e f
Exercise 12-01 2 20 20
10 a i 0.092 ii 0.077
5 9
1 a 26 b yes c 26 d 26 b They are similar. The experimental probability is just
2 a 0.375 b 0.25 c 0.25 higher.
1 1 5 3 c C
3 a 2 b 13 c 13 d 13
2 1 2
4 a 3 b 2 c 3
d 1
2 e 0 f 1 Exercise 12-03
4
5 a 7 b 0 c 1 1 a 48 b i 5
ii 25
8 48
1
6 a 3 b 23 c 13 d 1
9 e 5
9 c i 1 7
ii 48 iii 23
48 iv 0
7 a 60.9% b 39.1% c 100% d 0% 7
d 25
8 a 13 b 16 c 23 d 23 2 a 160
9 a 35% b 45% c 55% d 45% 91 1 19 133
b i 160 ii 2 iii 80 iv 160
10 a selecting a vowel v 19
vi 53
vii 21
32 160 80
b weather not being sunny or weather being overcast 38
c 76.25% d 91
c traffic light showing amber or green
3 a People that preferred watching movies just at the cinema.
d selecting a heart, diamond or club
b 12
e not hitting the bullseye
c i 0.25 ii 0.4 iii 0.7 iv 0.05
f selecting a red or yellow ball
4 a 204
11 a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 b 15
b 119 – inside the rectangle but outside of the circles.
c Not spinning a 4 or spinning a 1, 2, 3 or 5. 5 29 43 1
c i 204 ii 204 iii 204 iv 51
d 1, 2, 3, 5 e 45 23 25 65
1 v vi vii
12 a i 50 ii 0.02 iii 2% 204 34 102
54 9
d i ii
b i 49 50 ii 0.98 iii 98% 85 85
3
5 a 79 b
13 a 60% b 80 46
79
51 34
c i ii iii
14 D 15 0.65 16 56 17 24% 45
79 79 79
d
18 0 as all mobile numbers begin with 0. 79
47 10 14
e i 79 ii 79 iii 79

Exercise 12-02 6 a

1 a i 0.45 ii 0.18 D S
b i 0.4 ii 0.2
c They are similar but not equal. 10 8 12
d 160, which is close to the observed frequency of 164.
2 a Teacher to check b 25%, teacher to check.
c 12 or 13, teacher to check.
3 a 16 or 17 b–e Teacher to check. 4 2 1
b i 15 ii 5 iii 3
4 a Teacher to check. 11
iv 1 v 15
b i 0.4 ii 0.5 iii 0.1
c Teacher to check. d Teacher to check.

618 9780170193085
 Answers

7 a 9 b 6 a 965
b i 18:4% ii 49:4% iii 21:8% iv 27:7%
S M c 2
d 31
5 52
7 a 320 b 43.4% c 56.6% ¼ 181
6 9 15 320
d 49.7% e 38%

Mental skills 12
c Because neither playing sport nor watching a movie was
not an option. 2 a $700 b $800 c $400 d $700
7
d i 10 ii 12 iii 15 e $300 f $400 g $250 h $300
8 a i $300 j $500

D C
Exercise 12-05
21 14 33 1 a BA, BW, BL, BN, AB, AW, AL, AN, WB, WA, WL, WN,
LB, LA, LW, LN, NB, NA, NW, NL
2 1 6 3 2 1
b i 20 ¼ 10 ii 20 ¼ 10 iii 20 ¼ 10 iv 14
20 ¼ 10
7
12
2 a 56, 58, 59, 65, 68, 69, 85, 86, 89, 95, 96, 98,
b i 14 ii 21 iii 68 iv 54 b 12
c i 0.2625 ii 0.675 iii 0.825 iv 0.85 c i 126
¼ 12 9
ii 12 ¼ 34 6
iii 12 ¼ 12 2
iv 12 ¼ 16
d 47
68 3 a
9 a Die
1 2 3 4 5 6
SRC C H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6
Coin
13 3 T T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
7
1 3
5 b i 12 ii 12 ¼ 14 iii 4
12 ¼ 13
4 5 4 a
1 2 3 4 5 6
19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Y 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
b 19 c 7 d 3
e 17 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
14 56
f i 141
ii 39 iii 23
iv 51 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
56 56 56
g No, because information is only given about numbers 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2 1 6
belonging to the clubs and not about the numbers attending b i 36 ¼ 18 ii 36 ¼ 16 iii 26 13
36 ¼ 18
the school. iv 30
36 ¼ 5
6 v 18 36 ¼ 1
2 vi 12
36 ¼ 1
3
5 a First Second Outcomes
ball ball
Exercise 12-04 B BB
1 a 300 b 75 c 68 B Y BY
d i 31
75 ii 14 iii 157
300 iv 58
75 G BG
2 a 130 b 68.5% B BB
61 89 1
c i 130 ii 130 iii 5 B Y BY
23 7 8
iv 26 v 26 vi 13
G BG
d 35
61 e 133
B YB
3 a 240 b i 121 ii 119
:
9 36
Y B YB
c 53: 3% d 80 e 121
14 118
G YG
4 a 183 b i 183 ii 183 B GB
43 169
c 35.5% d 50 e 183 G B GB
5 a 148
Y GY
b i 75% ii 9.5% iii 60.8% iv 39.2%
53
c 148 ¼ 35:8% d 23
37 ¼ 62:2% b i 2
¼ 16 ii 2
¼ 16 iii 4
¼ 13 iv 10
¼ 56
12 12 12 12

9780170193085 619
 Answers

6 a First Second Outcomes 11 a i 12, 13, 14, 15, 21, 23, 24, 25, 31, 32, 34, 35, 41, 42, 43,
draw draw 45, 51, 52, 53, 54
3 33 ii 2nd digit
4 34
3 5 35
1 2 3 4 5
8 38 1 – 12 13 14 15
3 43 2 21 – 23 24 25

1st digit
4 44 3 31 32 – 34 35
4
5 45
4 41 42 43 – 45
8 48
5 51 52 53 54 –
3 3
3 53 i
b 5 ii 5
4 54
5
5 55 Power plus
8 58
3 83 1 a 16 b 365
c 25
216
4 84
8 2 Teacher to check the tree diagram.
5 85
8 88 a 14 1
b 16 c 3
8 d 15
16
5 5
4 e 16 f 16
b i 16 ¼ 14 ii 8
16 ¼ 12 iii 6
16 ¼ 38 iv 2
16 ¼ 18
7 a Saturday Sunday Outcomes 3 a 5
b 5
c 5
d 13
18 18 9 18
F FF
F
Chapter 12 revision
R FR
F RF 1 a 60% b 16
R
2 a 12 2
b 13 c 4
13
3 a i 0.36 ii 0.32 iii 0.83 iv 0.175
R RR b i 0:3_ ii 0:3_ iii 0:83_ iv 0:16_
1 1 3
b i 4 ii 4 iii 4 c They are similar but not equal. d C
8 a 14 b 1
2 c 1
4 4 a 13
d 14 e 3
4 f 1
4 b
9
1st die M T
1 2 3 4 5 6
8 13 5
1 1, 1 1, 2 1, 3 1, 4 1, 5 1, 6
2 2, 1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2, 5 2, 6
2nd die

3 3, 1 3, 2 3, 3 3, 4 3, 5 3, 6
4 4, 1 4, 2 4, 3 4, 4 4, 5 4, 6 c i 154 9
ii 15 iii 13 iv 17
30 30
5 5, 1 5, 2 5, 3 5, 4 5, 5 5, 6 5 a 210
6 6, 1 6, 2 6, 3 6, 4 6, 5 6, 6 b i 48.1% ii 32.4% iii 51.9% iv 73.3%
68
a 16 b 181
c 11 d 49 c i 109 ¼ 62.4%
36
10 a i CB, CP. CS, RB, RP, RS, WB, WP, WS, YB, YP, YS 6 a AB, AC, AD, BA, BC, BD, CA, CB, CD, DA, DB, BC
ii 1st 2nd Outcomes b First Second Outcomes
Course Course draw draw
B CB B AB

C A C AC
P CP
S CS D AD
RB A BA
B
R RP B C BC
P
RS D BD
S A CA
B WB
W P C B CB
WP
WS D CD
S
B YB A DA

Y YP D B DB
P
YS C DC
S
1 5 1
b 1
2
c i 0 ii 6 iii 6 iv 2

620 9780170193085
 Answers

7 a Dice 1 4 In nABC and nADC

1 2 3 4 5 6
Dice 2 BC ¼ DC (given)
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 AB ¼ AD (given)
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 AC is common
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 [ nABC ” nADC (SSS)
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 5 In nPQN and nLQM
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 \PQN ¼ \LQM (vertically opposite angles)
PQ ¼ LQ (given)
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NQ ¼ MQ (given)
b i 1
ii 5
iii 1 [ nPQN ” nLQM (SAS)
6 9 6
6 In nDEG and nEDF
\DEG ¼ \EDF (given)
Chapter 13 GE ¼ FD (given)
ED is common
SkillCheck [ nDEG ” nEDF (SAS)
1 a i \P and \Y, \R and \B, \T and \W 7 In nWXY and nYVW
ii PT and YW, PR and YB, RT and BW XY ¼ WV (given)
b i \E and \N, \G and \V, \M and \Q, \X and \C WX ¼ VY (given)
ii EX and NC, XM and CQ, MG and QV, GE and VN WY is common
[ nWXY ” nYVW (SSS)
8 In nPVQ and nQTR
Exercise 13-01
\VPQ ¼ \TQR (corresponding angles, PW || QT)
1 a SAS b AAS c SAS d AAS \VQP ¼ \TRQ (corresponding angles, RW || VQ)
e SSS f AAS g RHS h AAS PQ ¼ QR (given)
i AAS [ nPVQ ” nQTR (AAS)
2 B 9 In nBCX and nCBY
3 a nABC ” nNMP (SAS) b nKLQ ” nFED (AAS) \BXC ¼ \CYB (CX’AB, BY’AC)
c nAXT ” nGYE (RHS) d nMVR ”nSPC (SSS) XC ¼ YB (given)
e nBTV ” nPSX (AAS) f nCNQ ” nDCE (SAS) BC is common
4 a w ¼ 24 b x ¼ 28, p ¼ 7 c a ¼ 34 [ nBCX ” nCBY (RHS)
d b ¼ 26 e y ¼ 65 f x ¼ 45, k ¼ 8 10 In nFNM and nTMN
5 a ¼ 118, k ¼ 43, x ¼ 28 \FNM ¼ \TMN (alternate angles, FN || TM)
6 a No b No c Yes, SAS \FMN ¼ \TNM (alternate angles, TN || FM)
d Yes, RHS e No f No NM is common
[ nFNM ” nTMN (AAS)
11 In nWYX and nZYX
Exercise 13-02
XW ¼ XZ (given)
1 In nWXY and nWZY WY ¼ ZY (Y is midpoint of WZ)
\X ¼ \Z ¼ 90 (given) XY is common
XY ¼ ZY (given) [ nWYX ” nZYX (SSS)
WY is common 12 In nEFH and nGHF
[ nWXY ” nWZY (RHS) EF ¼ GH (given)
2 In nABC and nDCB EH ¼ GF (given)
\ABC ¼ \DCB (given) FH is common
AB ¼ DC (given) [ nEFH ” nGHF (SSS)
BC is common 13 In nAOB and nCOD
[ nABC ” nDCB (SAS) OA ¼ OC (equal radii)
3 In nDEH and nFEG OB ¼ OD (equal radii)
\D ¼ \F (alternate angles, HD || GF) AB ¼ CD (given)
\H ¼ \G (alternate angles, HD || GF) [ nAOB ” nCOD (SSS)
EG ¼ EH (given) 14 In nPQT and nPRM
[ nDEH ” nFEG (AAS) \Q ¼ \R (given)
PQ ¼ PR (sides opposite equal angles of isosceles triangle)
QT ¼ RM (given)
[ nPQT ” nPRM (SAS)

9780170193085 621
 Answers

15 In nAMD and nCNB

Exercise 13-03
\A ¼ \C (opposite angle of a parallelogram are equal)
AD ¼ CB (opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal) 1 a In nABD and nCBD
AM ¼ AB  BM AB ¼ CB (given)
But AB ¼ CD (opposite sides of a parallelogram) and AD ¼ CD (given)
BM ¼ DN (given) BD is common
) AM ¼ CD  DN [ nABD ” nCBD (SSS)
¼ CN b \A ¼ \C (matching angles of congruent triangles)
[ nAMD ” nCNB (SAS) c \ADB ¼ \CDB (matching angles of congruent triangles)
16 In nOAC and nOBC \ABD ¼ \CBD (matching angles of congruent triangles)
OA ¼ OB (equal radii) [ DB bisects \ADB and \ABC
OC is common d D
\ACO ¼ \BCO ¼ 90 (OC’AB)
[ nOAC ” nOBC (RHS)
A C
17 a In nTPM and nMST X
PT ¼ SM (given)
PM ¼ ST (given)
MT is common
[ nTPM ” nMST (SSS)
b \PMT ¼ \STM (matching angles of congruent triangles)
B
c PM || ST (alternate angles proved equal in b)
e In nDAX and nDCX
18 In nFED and nEFC
AD ¼ CD (given)
\FED ¼ \EFC ¼ 90 (angles in a rectangle)
DX is common
ED ¼ FC (opposite sides of a rectangle are equal)
\ADX ¼ \CDX (Matching angles of congruent triangles
FE is common
proved in a )
[ nFED ” nEFC (SAS)
[ nADX ” nCDX (SAS)
[ FD ¼ EC (matching sides of congruent triangles)
f AX ¼ CX (matching sides of congruent triangles)
19 In nTSK and nLPK
[ X is midpoint of AC
\T ¼ \L (alternate angles, TS || PL)
g \AXD ¼ \CXD (matching angles of congruent triangles)
\S ¼ \P (alternate angles, TS || PL)
and \AXD þ \CXD ¼ 180 (angles on a line)
TK ¼ LK (K is the midpoint of TL)
[ \AXD ¼ \CXD ¼ 90
[ nTSK ” nLPK (AAS)
[ DX ’ AC
20 a \XYB ¼ \ABY (alternate angles, XY || AB)
[ BD ’ AC
\XYZ ¼ 180  \XYB (angles on a line)
2 b In nWXZ and nYZX
¼ 180  \ABY (\XYB ¼ \ABY) \WXZ ¼ \YZX (alternate angles, WX || YZ)
¼ \ABC \WZX ¼ \YXZ (alternate angles, WZ || YX)
b In nXYZ and nABC XZ is common
\XYZ ¼ \ABC (proved in a ) [ nWXZ ” nYZX (AAS)
\XZY ¼ \ACB (alternate angles, XZ || AC) c \W ¼ \Y (matching angles of congruent triangles)
ZY ¼ CB (given) d In nWXY and nYZW
[ nXYZ ” nABC (AAS) \XYW ¼ \ZWY (alternate angles, XY || ZW)
21 a In nLMN and nLKP
\XWY ¼ \ZYW (alternate angles, WX || YZ)
LM ¼ LK (given)
WY is common
MN ¼ KP (given)
[ nWXY ” nYZW (AAS)
\M ¼ \K (angles opposite equal sides of isosceles triangle
c \WXY ¼ \YZW (matching angles of congruent triangles)
LMK)
f Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
[ nLMN ” nLKP (SAS)
3 a In nSPW and nTPW
b LN ¼ LP (matching sides of congruent triangles) \S ¼ \T (given)
[ nLNP is isosceles (two sides equal) WP is common
22 a In nPQT and nPRT
\WPS ¼ \WPT ¼ 90 (WP ’ ST)
PQ ¼ PR (equal adjacent sides of a kite)
[ nSPW ” nTPW (AAS)
TQ ¼ TR (equal adjacent sides of a kite)
b SW ¼ TW (matching sides of congruent triangles)
PT is common
[ sides opposite equal angles in a triangle are equal (SW is
[ nPQT ” nPRT (SSS)
opposite to \T, TW is opposite to \S)
b \Q ¼ \R (matching angles of congruent triangles)
c \QTP ¼ \RTP (matching angles of congruent triangles)
622 [ PT bisects \QTR 9780170193085
 Answers

4 a In nVUS and nTUS 8 a In nACD and nCAB

VU ¼ TU (given) AD ¼ CB (given)
VS ¼ TS (given) AB ¼ CD (given)
SU is common AC is common
[ nVUS ” nTUS (SSS) [ nACD ” nCAB (SSS)
b \VUS ¼ \TUS (matching angles of congruent triangles) b \DAC ¼ \BCA (matching angles of congruent triangles)
\VSU ¼ \TSU (matching angles of congruent triangles) [ AD || BC (alternate angles are equal)
[ VS bisects \VUT and \VST. \DCA ¼ \BAC (matching angles of congruent triangles)
5 a In nABD and nCDB [ AB || CD (alternate angles are equal)
\ABD ¼ \CDB (alternate angles, AB || CD) c ABCD is a parallelogram
\ADB ¼ \CBD (alternate angles, AD || CB) 9 a In nPMY and nPNY
BD is common \M ¼ \N (given)
[ nABD ” nCDB (AAS) \MPY ¼ \NPY (PY bisects \MPN)
b AD ¼ CB (matching sides of congruent triangles) PY is common
AB ¼ CD (matching sides of congruent triangles) [ nPMY ” nPNY (AAS)
[ opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal. b MY ¼ NY (matching sides of congruent triangles)
6 a In nBEL and nGHL \PYM ¼ \PYN (matching angles of congruent triangles)
\BEL ¼ \GHL (alternate angles, BE || GH) and \PYM þ \PYN ¼ 180 (angles on a line)
\BLE ¼ \GLH (vertically opposite angle are equal) [ \PYM ¼ \PYN ¼ 90
BE ¼ GH (given) [ PY ’ MN
[ nBEL ” nGHL (AAS)
b BL ¼ GL (matching sides of congruent triangles) Exercise 13-04
EL ¼ HL (matching sides of congruent triangles)
[ diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other. 1 a 2 b 23 c 45 d 223
7
c \BEH ¼ \BHE (angles opposite equal sides in isosceles e 10 f 113 g 145 h 125
triangle) 2 a
[ \BEL ¼ \BHL
d In nBEL and nBHL
\BEL ¼ \BHL (proven in c)
BE ¼ BH (given)
EL ¼ HL (proven in b)
[ nBEL ” nBHL (SAS)
e \BLE ¼ \BLH (matching angles of congruent triangles)
and \BLE þ \BLH ¼ 180 (angles on a line)
[ \BLE ¼ \BLH ¼ 90
[ The diagonals of a rhombus at right angles
7 a In nABX and nACX b
AB ¼ AC (given)
BX ¼ CX (X is the midpoint of BC)
AX is common
[ nABX ” nACX (SSS)
\B ¼ \C (matching angles of congruent triangles)
b In nBAY and nBCY
BA ¼ BC (given)
AY ¼ CY (Y is the midpoint of AC)
BY is common c
[ nBAY ” nBCY (SSS)
\A ¼ \C (matching angles of congruent triangles)
c Since \B ¼ \C, \A ¼ \C,
\A ¼ \B ¼ \C
\A þ \B þ\C ¼ 180 (angle sum of a triangle)
[ \A ¼ \B ¼ \C ¼ 60

9780170193085 623
 Answers

d f i \K and \T, \L and \Q, \M and \S, \P and \U

ii KL and TQ, KP and TU, PM and US, LM and QS
iii PMLK ||| USQT

Mental skills 13

2a 2
3 b 45 c 57 d 12
e 14 f 16 g 56 h 25
i 5:9 j 5:9 k 9 : 20 l 4:5
m 9:7 n 4:3 o 35 4
p 35
4 a 17
40 b 23 c 16
25 d 14
5 2
e e 24 f 25

Exercise 13-05
8
1 a Yes (12 ¼ 20 2
30 ¼ 3) b Yes (12 27 21 3
20 ¼ 45 ¼ 35 ¼ 5)
623
c Yes (46 ¼ 69 ¼ ¼ 10
10
2
15 ¼ 3) d Yes, all squares are similar.
e Yes, matching angles are equal.
f Yes, all equilateral triangle are similar.
2 a k ¼ 14, x ¼ 6 b y ¼ 12.5, p ¼ 19.2
c x ¼ 21 d a ¼ 12, q ¼ 123, w ¼ 313
7
f e d ¼ 16 f b ¼ 2118
4 1 1
g w ¼ 10 5 ¼ 10.8, x ¼ 23 3 h c ¼ 19 4
3 d ¼ 15 4 a ¼ 2137 5 1313 m 6 8.9 m 7 21 m
8 a A and D, scale factor ¼ 2 b B and D, scale factor ¼ 34
c C and D, scale factor ¼ 35 d A and D, scale factor ¼ 12

Exercise 13-06
1 1 : 500 2 1 : 35 3 8:5 4 3:1 5 1 : 7500
6 a 1 : 5000 b 70 m
7 2 mm 8 730 km
3 a Yes b Yes 9 a 8m b 4m
c No d Yes 10 a 100 km b 80 km c 54 km d 224 km
e No f Yes 11 length ¼ 3.2 cm, height ¼ 4.4 cm
g No h No 12 a Scaled length ¼ 30 mm, scaled height ¼ 43 mm b 12.9 m
4 a i \A and \L, \B and \M, \C and \K
ii AC and LK, AC and LM, BC and MK Exercise 13-07
iii nACB ||| nLKM
1 1 : 16
b i \W and \D, \X and \E, \Y and \G, \Z and \H
2 1 : 6.25 or 4 : 25
ii WX and DE, XY and EG, YZ and GH, WZ and DH
3 a 100 : 1 b 30.25 : 1 or 121 : 4 c 9 : 16 d 25 : 4
iii ZYXW ||| HGED
e 16 : 49 f 1 : 100 g 64 : 25 h 4 : 81
c i \T and \F, \R and \W, \P and \V, \M and \S,
4 a 1:9 b 9:4 c 49 : 16 d 25 : 121
\J and \K
e 25 : 9 f 16 : 25
ii TR and FW, RP and WV, PM and VS, MJ and SK,
5 a 8:7 b 6:1 c 3 : 20 d 1 : 4.5
TJ and FK
6 a 5:3 b 4:7
iii TRPMJ ||| FWVSK
7 3.5 8 3072 cm2 9 162 cm2 10 1024 mm2
d i \Q and \N, \K and \C, \B and \G 2 2
11 28 7 m 12 154 mm 13 22.5 mm 14 12.5 cm
ii QB and NG, BK and GC, KQ and CN
15 Increased 9 times 16 reduced by a factor of 2
iii nQKB ||| nNCG
17 9 : 16
e i \F and \X, \E and \W, \C and \Y
18 50 cm2
ii FE and XW, CE and YW, CF and YX
iii nFEC ||| nXWY

624 9780170193085
 Answers

Exercise 13-08 2 a In nXLM and nXYW b In nABX and nPTX

\X is common \A ¼ \P (alternate angles,
1 a Two pairs of matching sides are in the same ratio
12 15 3
\XLM ¼ \XYW AB || PT)
8 ¼ 10 ¼ 2 and the included angles are equal (SAS).
corresponding angles, \B ¼ \T (alternate angles,
b Two pairs of angles are equal (AA).
c Two pairs of angles are equal (AA). LM || YW AB || PT)
d Two pairs of matching sides are in the same ratio [ nXLM ||| nXYW [ nABX ||| nPTX (AA)
8 15 5
6:4 ¼ 12 ¼ 4 and the included angles are equal (SAS). (AA)
e In both right-angled triangles, the pairs of hypotenuses c In nPLM and nPTW d In nKHL and nKMG
and second sides are in the same ratio 20 26 4
15 ¼ 19:5 ¼ 3 (RHS).
\P is common \K is common
f All three pairs of matching sides are in the same ratio
20 16 7:5 5 \PLM ¼ \PTW ¼ \KHL ¼ \KMG (given)
16 ¼ 12:8 ¼ 6 ¼ 4 (SSS).
g All three pairs of matching sides are in the same ratio 90 (given) [ nKHL ||| nKMG (AA)
x y w 1
2x ¼ 2y ¼ 2w ¼ 2 (SSS). [ nPLM ||| nPTW (AA)
h Two pairs of matching sides are in the same ratio e In nTXY and nKXG f In nWZY and nWXZ
12 16 5
19:2 ¼ 25:6 ¼ 8 and the included angles are equal (SAS). \T ¼ \K ¼ 90 (given) \W is common
i Two pairs of matching sides are in the same ratio
15 24 3 \TXY ¼ \KXG \WZY ¼ \WXZ ¼ 90
10 ¼ 16 ¼ 2 and the included angles are equal (SAS).
2 a B and C (SAS) b B and C (RHS) (vertically opposite angles) (given)
c B and D (SSS) d C and D (AA) [ nTXY ||| nKXG (AA) [ nWZY ||| nWXZ (AA)
3 If two angles of one triangle are equal to two angles of 3 a x ¼ 7 17 b x¼8 c x ¼ 1 38 d x ¼ 12 34
another triangle, then the third angles must be equal as the e x ¼ 6 23 f x ¼ 6 12
angle sum of both triangles is 180. 4 a In nKGF and nKHM
4 a nEFD ||| nPMR (SSS) \K is common
b nUTW ||| nKAM (SAS) \KGF ¼ \KHM (corresponding angles, GF || HM)
c nUZV ||| nHPZ (RHS) [ nKGF ||| nKHM (AA)
d nWLB ||| nXAT (AA) b m ¼ 6 67
e nKWP ||| nGEF (SSS) 5 nBCF ||| nDCE (AA)
f nLEA ||| nRBX (SAS) m ¼ 7 12 or 7.5
6 a In nTFR and nTPD
Exercise 13-09 \T is common
\TFR ¼ \TPD ¼ 90 (given)
1 a In nDEF and nRPM b In nWUT and nMKA [ nTFR ||| nTPD (AA)
DE 6 3 WU 15 3
RP ¼ 4 ¼ 2 MK ¼ 20 ¼ 4 b TR ¼ 14.4 cm
EF 9 3 UT 9 3
PM ¼ 6 ¼ 2 KA ¼ 12 ¼ 4 7 a In nCDE and nFGE
FD 12 3
MR ¼ 8 ¼ 2 \U ¼ \K ¼ 65 \C ¼ \F (alternate angles, CD || FG)
[ nDEF ||| nRPM (SSS) [ nWUT ||| nMKA (SAS) \D ¼ \G (alternate angles, CD || FG)
c In nUVZ and nHJP d In nWBL and nXTA [ nCDE ||| nFGE (AA)
UZ 20 5
\B ¼ \T ¼ 118 b k ¼ 11 14 or 11.25
HP ¼ 12 ¼ 3
VZ
¼ 25
¼ 5
\L ¼ \A ¼ 27 8 nAXM ||| nAYN (AA)
JP 15 3
\U ¼ \H ¼ 90 [ nWBL ||| nXTA AX ¼ 12
[ nUVZ ||| nHJP (RHS) (equiangular or AA) 9 a In nFGE and nEFH
\F is common
e In nKPW and nGFE f In nLAE and nRXB \FEG ¼ \EHF (given )
KP 13:75 5 LA 5:6 2
GF ¼ 11 ¼ 4 RX ¼ 8:4 ¼ 3 [ nFGE ||| nEFH (AA)
PW 12 5 AE 8 2
FE ¼ 9:6 ¼ 4 XB ¼ 12 ¼ 3 b FH ¼ 25 cm
WK 16 5
EG ¼ 12:8 ¼ 4 \A ¼ \X ¼ 90
[ nKPW ||| nGFE (SSS) [ nLAE ||| nRXB (SAS)

9780170193085 625
 Answers

Power plus 3 In nMNP and nNMT

NP ¼ MT (given)
1 a In nCGH and nCDE \MNP ¼ \NMT (given)
CG 1 MN is common
CD ¼ 2 (G is the midpoint of CD)
CH 1 [ nMNP ” nNMT (SAS)
CE ¼ 2 (H is the midpoint of CE)
\C is common 4 In nABD and nBAC
[ nCGH ||| nCDE (SAS) a \BAD ¼ \ABC ¼ 90 (angles in a rectangle)
b Since nCGH ||| nCDE AD ¼ BC (opposite sides of a rectangle)
\CGH ¼ \CDE (matching angles of similar triangles) AB is common
[ GH || DE (corresponding angles are equal) [ nABD ” nBAC (SAS)
c CG GH b [ BD ¼ AC (matching sides of congruent triangles)
CD ¼ DE (pairs of matching sides of similar triangles in the
same ratio) [ the diagonals of a rectangle are equal.
But CG 1 5 a 2 b 35 c 1.5 or 32
CD ¼ 2
GH
[ DE ¼ 2 1 6 a y ¼ 8.75, p ¼ 6.4 b a ¼ 18, w ¼ 27
[ GH ¼ 12DE 7 a 10 m b 6.4 m
8 a 25 : 81 b 16 : 9
2 33.25 m 9 a SAS b SSS c AA
3 a True, angles in all equilateral triangles equal 60. 10 a In nABE and nCBD
b False, since two isosceles triangles may have different \A ¼ \C (alternate angles, AE || CD)
angles such as 50, 50, 80 and 70, 70, 40 \E ¼ \D (alternate angles, AE || CD)
c True, since all circles have the same shape. [ nABE ||| nCBD (AA)
d False, as the ratio of lengths does not necessarily have to b k ¼ 12.25 cm
be equal to the ratio of the widths.
e True, since all squares have the same shape.
f True, since all regular pentagons have the same shape.
Mixed revision 4

4 C 1 a no b yes c yes
D
2 a 32 b 7.5 m
3 0.8
X 4 a i 59 2
ii 27 iii 23 iv 25
27
b 59
A B 5 625 m
pffiffiffiffiffi
Consider quadrilateral ABCD where the diagonals AC and 6 a 26 units b 5.7 units
pffiffiffiffiffi
BD bisect each other. 7 PQ ¼ 26 ¼ QR Since 2 sides are equal, it is an isosceles
In nAXB and nCXD triangle.
\AXB ¼ \CXD (vertically opposite angles) 8 (1, 0)
AX ¼ CX (diagonal AC is bisected) 9 a 15 b 1
BX ¼ DX (diagonal BD is bisected) 10 y
[ nAXB ” nCXD (SAS)
[ AB ¼ CD (matching sides of congruent triangles) 4
Similarly, nAXD ” nCXB (SAS) 3
y = 4 – 2x
[ AD ¼ CB (matching sides of congruent triangles) 2
[ ABCD is a parallelogram (opposite sides are equal).
1

Chapter 13 revision –4 –3 –2 –1 0 x
–1 1 2 3 4

1 a SAS b RHS c SSS –2

2 In nACE and nEFA –3
\AEC ¼ \EAF (alternate angles, AF || EC)
\CAE ¼ \FEA (alternate angles, AC || EF)
a 2 b 4
AE is common 4
11 a 15 b 107
[ nAEC ” nEFA (AAS)

626 9780170193085
 Answers

12 a y 23 1.8 m
y = x2 – 2 24 a Teacher to check (equiangular or AA).
b i 6 10
13
6
ii 8 13
–1 0 1 x
–2 General Revision

b (0, 2) c concave up 1 a 288 cm3 b 910 m3 c 84 m3 d 4536.5 mm3

pffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffiffi
13 a SAS b AAS 2 a 5qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi b 9 q 3 ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffic 140 d 18 2
14 y¼4 3 t ¼  2my2k m or t ¼  2y  2k m
15 a 15 b 23 4 a 23
1 b i 9 ii 6 iii 6.2 iv 6
16 a gradient 2, y-intercept 3
b y ¼ 2x  5 c 1 d Yes, around 5 and 6.
5 a QD b QD c QC d C
y
y = 2x – 5 6 a Teacher to check (SAS).
4
b \CDT ¼ \ABT (matching angles in congruent
3 triangles, [ DC || AB (alternate angles are equal)
2 7 a
Japan Vietnam
1

–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 x
–1 2 3 4 5 8 4 5 13
–2
–3
–4 b i 15 4
ii 17 iii 13
30 30
–5 8 a 144 km/h b 0.6 kg/min
9 y ¼ 2x  4
17 a 188 kPa b 125 m 10 a $1571.48 b $6833.33
18 11 a b 6.71 m
1st die K
1 2 3 4 5 6
9m
1 1, 1 1, 2 1, 3 1, 4 1, 5 1, 6 6m
2 2, 1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2, 5 2, 6
2nd die

3 3, 1 3, 2 3, 3 3, 4 3, 5 3, 6
L M
4 4, 1 4, 2 4, 3 4, 4 4, 5 4, 6
5 5, 1 5, 2 5, 3 5, 4 5, 5 5, 6 12 a (y  4)(y þ 2) b (m  3)(m  5) c 5(m þ 7)(m  7)
6 6, 1 6, 2 6, 3 6, 4 6, 5 6, 6 13 a 63.6 cm2 b 160.2 cm2 c 3.4 m2
a 181
b 11
c 16 d 1 14 $1008.15
36 2
19 a 3 b y ¼ 3x þ 1 15 C
20 x2 þ y2 ¼ 16 16 a k12 b d5 c 15p3q4
8r3
21 a d 4k4 e 125 f 5
17 a
Score Tally f fx
Kayaking Bushwalking
45 1 45
47 2 94
20 15 5
48 2 96
49 6 294
50 11 550
51 7 357
52 9 468
b i 38 ii 5
8 53 2 106
22 a Teacher to check (SSS). b 90 Total 40 2010
c bisect, right angles
b 50.25

9780170193085 627
 Answers

c ii y
12
3
10 y = −x2 + 3
Frequency

8
6 0 x
4
2
iii y
0 4
45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
Scores 3
d 50 e 50 2 x2 + y2 = 4
18 a 3  6y b 2x2  7x 1
2
c 4m þ 4m d 5x2  13x  28 ffiffiffiffi
27 p ffiffiffi pffiffiffi pffiffi 2 p 3
–4 –3 –2 –1 x
19 a b 2 x
4
c 2 3 p d ð 3 rÞ or r2 1 2 3 4
125a3 –1
20 D
–2
21 a 35.93 m b 62.5 m2
22 D –3
23 $761.10 –4
24 a 2(y þ 4) b 5a(1  3b) c 2b(4a  1)
25 a 6.36 b 15.63 c 108.21 b gradient 2, y-intercept 1 c (0, 3)
26 52.7% 35 $1925 36 $88 37 B
27 a m ¼ 55 b e ¼ 41 c k¼8 38 a 396 cm2 b 476 cm2 c 792 cm2
2 1
28 y¼5 39 a m ¼ 85 b k ¼ 42 c y ¼ 112
  pffiffiffiffiffi d x ¼ 3 e x ¼ 20 f a ¼ 713
29 a 12; 212 b 82 c 19
30 2.5 cm 40 a 7.14 3 105 b 3.5 3 104 c 1.5763 3 107
31 a rectangle b equilateral triangle 41 a 2.4 3 1015 b 4.2 3 1011
c rectangle d isosceles triangle 42 a i 0.15 ii 0.17 iii 0.47 iv 0.64 v 0.70
32 a 2 b 33 c negatively skewed b 180; the actual frequency of 173 is close to this.
33 a equiangular (AA) b k ¼ 1315 43 a 35300 b 35260 c 43210
34 a i 44 a 1080 b 135 c 45 d 360
y
4
3
2
1

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 x
–1

–2 y = 2x – 1

628 9780170193085