CHAPTER 5

1. Shyam believes that he should be loved by everybody, all the time.Most of his
beliefs have a 'must or should' component. When things don't go his way, he feels
distressed. Suggest a suitable therapy that will make Shyam think deeper into his
irrational beliefs and help him feel better. (3)
2. A client approaches a therapist to overcome her/his phobia for heights. Describe a
behavioral technique that the therapist might choose to help her/him to overcome
this phobia for heights. (3)
3. Explain the alternative treatment possibilities to psychotherapy. How does
rehabilitation of the mentally ill improve the quality of their life? (4)
4. Explain the different cognitive therapies that are used to reduce distress. (4)
5. Explain the quality of ‘positive regard for others’ of effective counsellor. (4)
6. Explain psychological distress according to humanistic-existential therapy. (4)
7. Describe four factors which contribute to treatment of psychological distress.(4)
8. Explain the importance of therapeutic relationships in psychotherapy. (4)
9. State the ethical standards in psychotherapy. (4)
10. How is empathy different from sympathy? (2)
11. Why is positive regard an important characteristic of an effective helper? (2)
12. Why is it important to develop ethical standards and codes in therapy? (2)
13. A client experiences irrational thoughts that are self-defeating in nature. Suggest
and explain a suitable therapy that will help him to reduce his distress. (4)
14. How can faulty behaviour be modified with token economy? Elucidate with the
help of an example. (2)
15. In the last few years, Monica had to face many difficult circumstances. Quite
often, she finds herself asking questions about the meaning of life. How will
existential therapy alleviate her distress and help her achieve a sense of
wholeness? (4)
16. Ayesha has been feeling anxious and depressed. She is convinced that no one loves
her and it would be very difficult for her to succeed. How will Beck's cognitive
therapy help her deal with her negative thoughts? (4)
17. A particular therapist teaches clients in a group setting to recognise bodily
processes and emotions that they have blocked from their awareness. The therapist
is using which therapy. (2)
18. When a behaviorist praises the client for using kind words during their
conversation and ignores when the client is rude; she/he is employing which
reinforcement? (2)
19. A client experiences irrational thoughts that are self-defeating in nature. Suggest a
suitable therapy that will help her/him to reduce her/his distress. Also provide the
rationale for selecting this therapy. (2)
20. Analyse the chief benefit to the client in both behaviour and humanistic therapies.
(2)
21. Robin is terribly afraid of snakes. His phobia has made him so dysfunctional that
he had to take a long leave from his job at the local zoo. This happened when he
heard that a new snake enclosure would soon open. Identify the therapeutic
technique that would help Robin deal with this problem and explain its process.
(4)
22. Describe the factors that contribute to healing in psychotherapy. (4)
23. Explain systematic desensitisation, giving examples.(4)
24. Explain existential anxiety. (2)
25. Describe four factors which contribute to treatment of psychological distress. (4)
26. Explain psychological distress according to humanistic existential therapy. (4)
27. In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement
of
Reason (R). Mark the correct choice.
Assertion (A): The principle of reciprocal inhibition states that the presence of
two
mutually opposing forces at the same time will lead to the stronger force inhibiting
the
weaker one.
Reason (R): The principle of reciprocal inhibition is a procedure wherein the
client learns
to behave in a certain way by observing the behaviour of the therapist.
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
c. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
d. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Ans.: c. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
28. Amit throws temper tantrums every time he goes to the market with his parents.
He insists that they buy him a new toy every time. Identify the most suitable
behavioural technique to modify this unwanted behaviour.
a. Token economy
 b. Aversive conditioning
c. Differential reinforcement
d. Systematic desensitisation
Ans.: c. Differential reinforcement

29. What is the chief benefit to the client in cognitive therapy?

a. Emotional insight is gained and the client is able to change his emotions
towards
the conflict.
b. The client is able to change maladaptive behaviour to adaptive ones.
c. The client is able to replace irrational thoughts with rational ones.
d. The client is able to achieve personal growth which leads to understanding
oneself.
Ans.: c. The client is able to replace irrational thoughts with rational ones.
30. State any two ethical standards that need to be practiced by professional
psychotherapists. (2)
31. Shahid showed a reduction in symptoms after he received treatment for
schizophrenia. He was sent to the rehabilitation centre to improve his quality of
life. What steps would be taken in the rehabilitation centre to help him become a
productive member of the community? Explain. (4)
32. Mukesh was given therapy that encouraged him to seek personal growth and
actualise his potential. Based on these principles, explain the therapy that is being
applied here. (4)
33. Describe the process of rehabilitation of the mentally ill or in distress. (3)
34. Discuss the various techniques used in bebaviour therapy to eliminate faulty
behaviors. (3)
35. Harpreet’s mother ignores her when she throws tantrums if asked to keep her room
tidy. However, she appreciates Harpreet when she arranges her toys after playtime.
The method being used is known as
a. Positive reinforcement
b. Negative reinforcement
c. Differential reinforcement
d. Modelling
Answer: c. Differential Reinforcement
36. Ramesh is admitted to a rehabilitation centre for alcohol addiction. His treatment
includes giving him a mild electric shock every time he is made to smell the
alcohol. Name and describe the therapy being used. (2)
37. Imagine the following situation: ‘You auditioned for the school play but did not
get selected’. Using Ellis’ framework, suggest two contrasting interpretations and
their consequences. (2)
38. Describe the importance of the therapeutic relationship in the process of
psychotherapy. (4)
39. Systematic desensitisation is a technique introduced by Wolpe for treating phobias
or irrational fears. 1 Referring to the above therapy, arrange the following in
correct sequence :
(i) Together with the client, the therapist prepares a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking
stimuli with the least anxiety-provoking stimuli at the bottom of the hierarchy.
(ii) The client is interviewed to elicit fear-provoking situations.
(iii) Over sessions, the client is able to imagine more severe fear-provoking
situations, while maintaining the relaxation.
(iv) The therapist relaxes the client and asks the client to think about the least
anxiety-provoking situation.
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(b) (iii), (iv), (i) and (ii)
(c) (iv), (i), (ii) and (iii)
(d) (ii), (i), (iv) and (iii)
40. After undergoing therapy for mental illness, Kavita was admitted into a
rehabilitation centre to become a responsible and productive member of society.
After improvement, she was helped to gain skills necessary to undertake
productive employment. This is a part of
(a) Cognitive training
(b) Social skills training
(c) Occupational therapy
(d) Vocational training
41. In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement
of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice.
Assertion (A) : In client-centred therapy, unconditional positive regard indicates
that the positive warmth of the therapist is not dependent on what the client
reveals.
Reason (R) : Empathy sets up an emotional resonance between the therapist and
the client which helps the client to feel secure.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
 (c) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
(d) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
42. What is meant by the term 'therapist and patient variables' in the context of
psychotherapy ? (2)
Read the case study and answer the questions (Q. 43 44) that follow :
Sameera was referred to a clinical psychologist for anger issues pertaining to
differences with her parents. Initially, Sameera kept denying any such concerns
and said, it is nothing but an adolescent phase. The clinical psychologist was not
convinced and decided to probe deeper. She knew that Sameera was hesitating to
share her private feelings and thoughts. The clinical psychologist started by
creating an environment where there was trust, empathy, genuineness and warmth.
This helped Sameera to develop a positive relationship with the clinical
psychologist. Soon Sameera was sharing her inner turmoils and the reasons of her
anger towards her parents. The psychologist challenged her faulty thought patterns
and substituted them with adaptive and positive thoughts. This helped to reduce
her distress.
43. (a) Identify the nature of this relationship between the clinical psychologist and
Sameera. What are its components ? 2
OR
(b) How is this relationship unique in nature ? Differentiate between empathy and
intellectual understanding.
44. The psychologist challenged her faulty thought patterns and substituted them with
adaptive and positive thoughts”. Which approach has been used here ? Explain the
chief benefit to Sameera.
45. In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement
of Reason (R). Select the correct choice from (a), (b), (c), (d).
Assertion (A) : According to cognitive therapy, childhood experiences provided
by the family and society develop core schemas in the child which include beliefs
and action patterns in individual.
Reason (R) : In this therapy, irrational beliefs mediate between antecedent events
and their consequences.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
 (d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
46. Ritik is undergoing a therapy where he is being taught to recognise bodily
processes and the emotions that are being blocked out from his awareness. Which
therapy is being applied here ?
a. (a) Client-centred therapy
b. (b) Logotherapy
c. (c) Cognitive behaviour therapy
d. (d) Gestalt therapy
47. Why is behavioural analysis conducted to overcome stress ?
(i) To find malfunctioning behaviour
(ii) To find the consequent operations of the adaptive behaviour
(iii) To identify the antecedents of faulty learning
(iv) To identify factors that maintain faulty learning
(a) (i), (iii) and (iv)
(b) Only (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (ii)
48. An eight-year-old child is showing aggressive and disruptive behaviour in the
class. As a student of Psychology, what techniques would you suggest to help
modify the child's behaviour ?
49. In one of the therapy sessions, Sarah opened up about the pressures she faced to
be perfect. Her therapist validated Sarah’s emotions and emphasized her inherent
worth as a person. The therapist showed ___________.
a. Intellectual understanding
b. Regard
c. Unconditional positive regard
d. Sympathy
50. Alika has been struggling with the expression of her emotions. During the therapy
sessions, the therapist encourages her to act out fantasies about feelings and
conflicts. Identify and explain this therapy. 2
51. Some children throw temper tantrums every time their demand is not fulfilled.
Suggest the most appropriate behavioural technique that would help modify this
behaviour. 2
52. Why is it important to rehabilitate individuals with psychological disorders?
Explain the effective strategies used in the rehabilitation of these individuals. 4