Sunscreens play a crucial role in protecting skin from the harmful effects of

ultraviolet (UV) radiation. These products contain organic and inorganic compounds
that either absorb, reflect, or scatter sunlight, including UVA and UVB rays, both
of which are linked to skin cancer and premature skin aging. Organic ingredients,
like oxybenzone and avobenzone, absorb UV radiation, converting it into a small
amount of heat. Inorganic components, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, act
as physical barriers, reflecting or scattering UV light.

Recent advancements in sunscreen technology have focused on improving the spectral

breadth of protection, water resistance, and cosmetic acceptability. Nanoparticle
technology, for example, has allowed for the formulation of more aesthetically
pleasing physical sunscreens by reducing the whitening effect of inorganic
particles. Furthermore, the development of photostable UV filters has improved the
efficacy and durability of sunscreens under sun exposure.

Despite their benefits, the environmental impact of sunscreen chemicals has raised
concerns. Ingredients like oxybenzone have been found to contribute to coral
bleaching and aquatic toxicity. As a response, researchers are developing more eco-
friendly formulations that are as effective in sun protection but have reduced
environmental footprints. This ongoing research underscores the importance of
balancing human health benefits with environmental sustainability in sunscreen
development.