1

Deliverable 2 - Scientific Method Research Paper

Name

Institution

Date
 2

Deliverable 2 - Scientific Method Research Paper

The challenge of maximizing fidelity in a quantum state entails transformation

process that is constrained to stay within predetermined decoherence constraints

(Koch et al., 2022). According to Koch et al., (2022), a key issue in quantum

information science is achieving quantum speedup for computationally challenging,

practically relevant applications. The discovery of instances of classically difficult

problems with quantum-accelerated solutions opens the door for the use of quantum

computing to address current industrial and societal requirements.

The article has used a theoretical approach to build the case and the problem. In this

case the Quantum optimal control theory (QOCT) has been used. The term QOCT

refers to a collection of techniques for creating and using designs for external

electromagnetic fields that optimally control quantum dynamical processes at the

atomic or molecular scale. The assessment adopts an experimental aspect of research

in order to yield results. Analytical methods have been used to resolve a number of

basic and practical problems in quantum technology. In these research, benchmark

control problems for perfect quantum systems are taken into consideration, but some

experimental restrictions are ignored.

An excellent testbed for QOCT has been demonstrated via quantum technology (Koch

et al., 2022). First and foremost, the accuracy demands of quantum technology

necessitate a profound comprehension of the physical systems that act as hardware

platforms, even in the midst of errors and fluctuations. When compared to other areas

where QOCT has been investigated, including chemical reaction dynamics, this is a

great place to start for quantum optimum control (Binandeh Dehaghani & Lobo

Pereira, 2022).
 3

Markovian control systems with switchable coupling to a bath at T=0 can imitate non-

Markovian control systems. Thus, non-Markovian control systems diverge from the

bilinear context, which made the Markovian example outlined above so

straightforward with its obvious relationship between generators and propagators of

time evolution employed to assess controllability on the generator level (Koch et al.,

2022). In closed infinite dimensional systems, the loss of compactness is already

present. As a result, one can only anticipate approximative controllability if the

underlying Hilbert space has infinite dimensions. Also, this is referring to

controllability in the sense that any state can be reached arbitrarily precisely but not

always.

Still on the experimental nature of quantum technology, Spin qubits in a GaAs double

quantum dot are used in another experimental platform where QOCT techniques were

applied (Koch et al., 2022). Single-qubit and two-qubit gates with tailored pulses are

used. For quantum computing and more broadly, quantum technologies, it is crucial to

control quantum systems efficiently and quickly. A theoretical model of the

dynamical system is typically used to compute control laws analytically or

numerically in an open-loop approach. Since the beginning of the area, this issue has

driven the development of approaches addressing control robustness, yet significant

limits still exist. For instance, random fluctuations cannot currently be reduced, and

robust controls are highly system-dependent (Koch et al., 2022).

The researcher demonstrated a ground-breaking usage of neutral-atom quantum

processors to resolve real-world issues. However, there have been adjustments in

relation to the research. For single and two-qubit gates with a few parameter pulses, a

fixed-length randomized benchmarking sequence was to employed to reduce the

 4

number of measurements needed to fully define the quantum operation (Cain et al.,

2022).
 5

References

Binandeh Dehaghani, N., & Lobo Pereira, F. (2022). Optimal control of quantum

systems by Pontryagin maximum principle. U.Porto Journal of

Engineering, 8(2), 194-201. https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-

6493_008.002_0015

Cain, M., Ebadi, S., Keesling, A., Wang, T., Levine, H., Bluvstein, D.,

Semeghini, G., Omran, A., Liu, J., Samajdar, R., Luo, X., Nash, B.,

Gao, X., Barak, B., Farhi, E., Sachdev, S., Gemelke, N., Zhou, L.,

Choi, S., … Lukin, M. (2022). Quantum optimization of maximum

independent set using Rydberg atom arrays.

https://doi.org/10.26226/m.6275705c66d5dcf63a3115ad

Koch, C. P., Boscain, U., Calarco, T., Dirr, G., Filipp, S., Glaser, S. J.,

Kosloff, R., Montangero, S., Schulte-Herbrüggen, T., Sugny, D., &

Wilhelm, F. K. (2022). Quantum optimal control in quantum technologies.

Strategic report on current status, visions and goals for research in Europe.

EPJ Quantum Technology, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-022-

00138-x