• Volume 02 • Combined Issue 05, 06, 07 • Number 17, 18, 19 | May-July 2022
What is Disability Pride Month
and Why is it Significant?
SHARADA DEVI. V
■ July is observed as the Disability
Pride Month.
■ The term ‘Disability Pride’ refers to
the importance of accepting and
honoring each person’s uniqueness
and seeing it as a natural and
beautiful part of human diversity.
■ It is connected with the disability
rights movements.
Why do we observe Disability
Pride Month?
■ The Americans with Disabilities
Act (ADA) was passed on July 26,
1990, to prohibit discrimination
against persons with disabilities.
■ The first Disability Pride event was
held in Boston in July that year. Since
then, Disability Pride celebrations
have taken place all over the country
and the world.
■ July month is a time to acknowledge
and celebrate how disability is a
natural part of human diversity, and
how people with disabilities can be
proud of their abilities.
■ Ann Magill, a disabled woman,
designed the Disability Pride Flag,
and each of its elements represents
a different aspect of the disability
community.
■ The Black Field represents the
disabled people who died not only
as a result of their illness, but also as
a result of negligence, suicide, and
eugenics.
Disability Pride Flag
■ The Colors: The different colors on
this flag represent different aspects
of disability or impairment - Red
denotes physical disabilities; Yellow
represents cognitive and intellectual
disabilities; White indicates
disabilities that are invisible and
undiagnosed; Blue represents mental
illness and Green denotes sensory
perception issues.
Why ADA is significant?
■ The Americans with Disabilities
Act (ADA) was the world’s first
major piece of national legislation
to systematically address the
discriminatory treatment, barriers,
and difficulties faced by people with
disabilities. Other countries quickly
joined the movement, enacting
principles similar to those of ADA.
■ People with disabilities and
governments around the world
began meeting and discussing
about an international treaty that
would require other countries to
protect the rights of people with
disabilities, in the years following
the enactment of the ADA in the
United States and similar laws
internationally. These discussions
culminated in the Disability Treaty
(also known as the Convention on
the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
(CRPD)) in 2006, which is based on
the ADA’s non-discrimination and
inclusiveness principles. The ADA was
also a source of inspiration for the
convention.
 2 • Volume 02 • Combined Issue 05, 06, 07 • Number 17, 18, 19 | May-July 2022
On July 26, 1990, U. S. President George H.W. Bush signed the Americans with Dis-
abilities Act (ADA).
■ Justin Whitlock Dart, Jr., an American
disability rights advocate, is widely
regarded as the “father” of the
Americans with Disabilities Act.
In 1981, President Ronald Reagan
appointed him vice-chairman of the
National Council on Disability. Dart
and other council members drafted
a national policy on equal rights for
disabled people, which became the
foundation of the ADA.
What is Disability?
■ Disability, like gender, is a
construction of society.
Discourse of Care
Postcolonial Reflections on an Expatriate Memoir
ROY MATHEW
T
.N. Mukharji is not as popular as his
contemporaries when considered as
an expatriate Indian who wrote about
England. An anglophile civil servant
who worked for an extended period
as a curator, he desired to enlighten
Indians about English ways of life.
However, he was not blind to the vices
of Victorian Britain, which believed
itself to be the benevolent administra-
tor of its colonies.
As represented in Kipling’s infamous
poem “The White Man’s Burden”, the
■ A person with an impairment
(differences in body or mind)
becomes disabled by society
that does not provide friendly
environments with facilities, which
will enable that person to lead a
dignified life with independence to a
great extent.
■ When a person with an impairment
self-identifies as a ‘person with a
disability’ or a ‘disabled person’, that
person refers to the social oppression
faced by the disabled community.
Hence, ‘disability’ and ‘disabled’ are
not bad or offensive words.
British colonizers claimed that it was
their responsibility to civilize and en-
lighten the natives of their colonies.
The purpose of this assertion was to
justify violent conquests and draconian
governance in the colonies to their
citizens back home. This necessitated
creating stereotypes about the na-
tives so that the British citizens who
had never been to the colonies could
picture them as uncouth savages who
required reformation.
The struggle for Irish Home Rule and
the increasing number of British voices
protesting the actions of the empire in
■ The Convention on the Rights
of Persons with Disabilities is an
international human rights treaty
of the United Nations intended to
protect the rights and dignity of
persons with disabilities.
■ According to the UNCRPD, disability
“results from the interaction
between persons with impairments
and attitudinal and environmental
barriers that hinders their full and
effective participation in society on
an equal basis with others.”
■ In India, the Persons with Disabilities
Act was passed in 1995. It was
amended and in 2016, the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities Act (RPWD
Act) was passed.
Disability not an
Abnormality
■ ‘Normalcy’ is only an abstract
concept that does not exist. It is
incorrect to regard persons with
disabilities as different from the so-
called ‘normal’ non-disabled people.
■ No one is normal or abnormal.
Human race is diverse. Hence,
disability must be considered not as
a deviation from ‘normalcy’ but as a
form of diversity.
its colonies made the need for some
sort of justification all the more
pertinent.
Victorian England’s entire discourse
of care arose from a lack of care for
the colonized.
The British could not be bothered to
invest time and effort to understand
the lives and ways of their colonial
subjects. Neither were the colonizers
interested in what was best for the
natives. They would take raw materi-
als from the colonies for low costs
and sell the products for high prices
in the same countries.
 3 • Volume 02 • Combined Issue 05, 06, 07 • Number 17, 18, 19 | May-July 2022
The geographical and economic expan-
sion of the British Empire thus being
the perpetual primary concern of Victo-
rian England, the discourse of care for
the natives served as a mere façade.
In his memoir, A Visit to Europe,
Mukharji provides his Indian readers’
perspective about how the citizens
of England assumed them to be. He
subverts the British narrative just by
stating it to the Indians who can easily
discern the vast difference between
their actual selves and the portrayals of
their lives by the colonizers.
The instance recounted by Mukharji of
a woman assuming that he may know
her nephew elucidates how little the
inhabitants of Britain knew about India.
The assumption that every Indian will
know each other is ridiculous when
one considers the vastness of the sub-
continent as well as the diversity of its
residents.
Mukharji’s recounting of how a young
girl assumed him to be an African
throws light on the British imagination
perceiving all their colonized peoples as
more or less similar. They were all as-
sumed to be primitive folk lacking the
ability to distinguish between good and
bad and to make decisions wisely and
judiciously.
As Slavoj Zizek once remarked, the
white man referring to Native Ameri-
of a white woman who married an Af-
rican man but was unable to survive in
Africa due to the difference in cultures.
From this incident, we can deduce that
the white woman’s preconceptions
of how life would be in Africa were
entirely incorrect. Had they been accu-
rate, the experiences she went through
would have failed to surprise her. She
would have had a fairly comprehen-
sive idea of what to expect. This story
serves to point out how flawed the
colonizers’ perspectives were when it
came to the colonized.
Mukharji’s reflections also serve to
illustrate to the English reader how
Indians feel when treated with such
insensitivity. Writings by expatriate
Indians like Mukharji served as coun-
ternarratives to the popular rhetoric of
the white man’s burden.
T N Mukerji
cans as Red Indians shows how little
he knows, and more importantly cares,
about the difference between the two
ethnic groups.
By stating the outrageous perceptions
and behavior of the British in a light-
hearted, matter-of-fact tone, Mukharji
enables the reader to appreciate how
normalized such narrow-mindedness is
in England. Considering the indigenous
peoples of the colonies as immature
and improvident is the norm and taking
the effort to try and comprehend them
the exception.
The exhibitions conducted by the
Britishers with live humans as exhibits
show the extent of their obsession Rudyard Kipling
with the ‘other’. To convey the essence
Before such writings, the only means
of their curiosity to Indian readers,
the British public had to understand In-
Mukharji uses the analogy of a chim-
dians and the natives of other colonies
panzee performing religious rights in
were the stories told by the coloniz-
the stead of a priest. The attention that
ers who had been to these countries.
such a sight would attract in India is
These tall tales, though hard to digest,
similar to the interest the British had
could be washed down conveniently
to watch Indians perform chores with
with a pinch of salt to assuage guilty
tools that to them seem obsolete.
consciences.
Mukharji points out how the British are
To conclude, we can say that trav-
under the assumption that Indian men
elogues and accounts by Indians who
have unusually large numbers of wives.
traveled (and could afford to travel)
The construct of the colonized as being
have served as eye-openers for both
governed by passion rather than reason
the Indians as well as the English
served as a very good excuse for the
people.
British to lead them on the ‘right’ path.
An instance in Mukharji’s account tells
4 • Volume 02 • Combined Issue 05, 06, 07 • Number 17, 18, 19 | May-July 2022

Identify the Book
■ It is a horror novel written in 1986.
■ The story follows the exploits
of seven children as they are
terrorized by the eponymous
being, which exploits the fears
and phobias of its victims in order
to disguise itself while hunting its
prey.
■ The novel is told through narratives
alternating between two time
periods, and is largely told in the
third-person omniscient mode.
■ The book deals with themes that
eventually became King staples:
the power of memory, childhood
trauma, and the ugliness lurking
behind a façade of traditional
small-town values.
■ Moving back and forth between 1958
and 1985, the story tells of seven
children in a small Maine town who
discover the source of a series of
horrifying murders.
■ Having conquered the evil force
once, they are summoned together
27 years later when the cycle begins
again.
Identify the Person
■ An Indian historian, an emeritus
professor, who was born on 30
November 1931.
■ This historian’s principal area of study
is ancient India.
■ This renowned historian has twice
been offered Padma Bhushan, but
has refused both times.
■ “I only accept awards from
academic institutions or those
associated with my professional
work, and not state awards” – said
this person while refusing the
Padma Bhushan.
■ This person’s works trace the
origins of Hinduism as an evolving
interplay between social forces.
■
This person was elected as the
General President of the Indian
History Congress in 1983.
■ This Indian historian is the co-
winner with Peter Brown of
the Kluge Prize for the Study of
Humanity for 2008.

Find the hidden names

Find the hidden names of writ- 7. He opined that the revolution will 8. A great Genevan philosopher and
ers born in the month of June in a be complete when the language is writer who preferred liberty with
group of jumbled letters in the box. perfect. danger than peace with slavery.
You can find the answers horizon-
tally, vertically and diagonally. Hints
are given below:
Hints:
1. He said, “Time changes
everything except something
within us which is always
surprised by change”.
2. “Kaddish” is one of his famous
poems about the death of his
mother Naomi.
3. She was called the ‘Poet of the
Black Revolution’.
4. He was the Former Senator of the
Irish Free State.
5. Her novels Black Water (1992),
What I Lived For (1994) and
Blonde (2000) were each finalists
for the Pulitzer Prize.
6. She was the first American
science-fiction writer to receive a
MacArthur Fellowship. She said,
“I just knew there were stories I
wanted to tell”.

Bodhi Tree Books and

Publications
Vallaths Total English
Solutions www.bodhitreepublications.org
www.theqriosityshop.com
www.teseducation.org
 5 • Volume 02 • Combined Issue 05, 06, 07 • Number 17, 18, 19 | May-July 2022
June-The Queer Pride Month
PRIJITH P K
■ June is celebrated as International
Pride Month around the globe to
remember the struggle and fight
against all phobia and discrimination
and for the visibility and acceptance
of LGBTIQ+ people.
■ LGBTIQ Pride is a movement
worldwide to celebrate, remember
and agitate against queerphobia
in the world; it differs in its ways
and processes depending on the
geography and culture.
■ To mark the anniversary of the
Stonewall uprising and riots against
police atrocities in a gay bar at
Stonewall inn the first gay pride
marches took place in Chicago, Los
Angeles, New York, and San Francisco
on June 28, 1970.
■ Queer is an umbrella term used
to represent diverse Sexual
Orientations, Gender Identities,
Expressions, and Sex Characteristics
in human beings.
■ Stonewall riots is also known as the
Stonewall uprising and Stonewall
rebellion.
■ The Stonewall Inn (now a national
monument) was one of the most
popular gay bars in New York City
and was raided by police officials
frequently. In 1969 violence began
after the attack by the police on gay
and transmasculine people in the bar.
■ The riots are widely considered the
watershed event that transformed
the gay liberation movement and
the twentieth-century fight for LGBT
rights in the United States and the
world.
■ Marsha P. Johnson, an African-
American street queen recalled
arriving at the bar around “2:00
(am)”, and that at that point the
riots were well underway, with
the building in flames. As the riots
went on into the early hours of the
morning, Johnson, along with Zazu
Nova and Jackie Hormona, was noted
as “three individuals are known to
have been in the vanguard” of the
pushback against the police.
■ June 28, 1970, marked the first
anniversary of the Stonewall riots
with an assembly on Christopher
Street; simultaneous Gay Pride
marches in Los Angeles and Chicago
were the first Gay Pride marches in
America. The next year, Gay Pride
marches took place in Boston, Dallas,
Milwaukee, London, Paris, West
Berlin, and Stockholm.
■ In June 1999, America included
51 and 53 Christopher Street and
the surrounding area in Greenwich
Village into the National Register of
Historic Places the first of significance
to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and
transgender community.
■ Now Queer Pride has become an
annual celebration in major cities and
towns across the globe to celebrate
and commemorate the memories of
the Stonewall Inn riot.
■ It was the British who introduced an
Act to prohibit the public appearance
of Transgender individuals in Indian
streets and places in association
with their victorian morality in India
(Criminal Tribes Act, 1871).
■ There were many instructions in
Manusmriti and Arthasasthra to deal
with the transgender, transmasculine
and homosexual people in their way
of punishment.
■ The British introduced the IPC 377,
an anti-human act to punish people
without considering their privacy
and identity. Like many other acts,
the post-independent government
blindly followed this act to punish
their citizen. Unfortunately many
transgender, MSM (Male who
is having sex with a male, is a
technical name used by NACO)
and homosexual individuals were
illtreated and jailed through this
heinous act till 2018.
■ The LGBTIQ Pride in India began
in Kolkata in 1999; it’s one of the
oldest pride marches in South
Asian countries popularly known as
Kolkata Rainbow Pride Walk (KRPW).
■ The walk was called The Friendship
Walk and Kolkata was chosen as the
first city to host the march owing
to Kolkata’s history of movements
for human and political rights. Soon
many other Indian cities joined the
club to celebrate queer rights and
freedom.
■ It’s in 2009 another landmark
judgment came from the Delhi High
Court to decriminalize IPC 377 by a
case filed by NAZ Foundation that
challenged the constitutionality of
IPC 377. That initiated a legal battle
between the orthodox organizations
and the human rights front.
■
National Legal Service Authority
succeded in another case at the
Supreme Court to deliver a historic
verdict that accepted transgender
rights in India in 2014 (NALSA
Judgment) and made gender
recognized by self-declaration.
■ In 2018 again the Supreme court
proclaimed a verdict that amended
the anti-natural act of IPC 377. Truly
judicial activism recognized the need
to provide support and recognition
to the queer people, but not a good
model for a modern democratic
republic.
The only known photograph taken
during the first night of riots, by free-
lance photographer Joseph Ambrosini,
shows gay youth scuffling with police
 6 • Volume 02 • Combined Issue 05, 06, 07 • Number 17, 18, 19 | May-July 2022
Pulitzer Prize 2022
MEGHA PATIL
■ Pulitzer Prize is an award given for
achievements in newspaper, online
journalism, magazine, literature and
music composition within the United
States.
■ There are 21 categories for which
awards are given.
■ It was established in 1917 according
to the will of Joseph Pulitzer, a
Hungarian American politician and
newspaper publisher.
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
■ “to renew a conflict is to acculturate”
-Joshua Cohen, The Netanyahus
■ The Netanyahus: An Account
of a Minor and Ultimately Even
Negligible Episode in the History of a
very Famous Family (2021) by Joshua
Aaron Cohen.
■ Joshua Aaron Cohen (b.1980) is an
American novelist and a short-story
writer.
■ The Netanyahus is a campus novel
set in 1959.
■ It centers on a fictionalized account
of Harold Bloom’s (American Literary
critic) encounter with Benzion
Netanyahu (Israeali encyclopedist,
historian and medievalist) and his
family at a New York college.
Joshua Aaron Cohen
■ Juicy, the Hamlet character
is a queer fat Black college
student studying Human
Resources at an Online
college.
■ As the play begins, Juicy is
seen doing decorations for
the wedding reception of his
mother Tendra and his uncle
Rev.
■ Juicy’s dead father, Pap manifests
■ Benzion Netanyahu is well-known as and wants to be avenged.
the father of an Israeli politician who
■ Pap tells his son Juicy that he was
served as the ninth Prime-Minister
killed in prison by an inmate on the
of Israel from 1996 to 1999 and from
orders of his brother Rev.
2009 to 2021.
■ Juicy agonizes over whether to kill his
■ The novel blends history, fiction and
uncle and tries to determine Rev’s
humor.
guilt not by a play-within-a-play like
■ Narrator is Ruben Blum, an that in Hamlet but through a game of
Economics Professor in Corbin charades.
College in a small town in New York.
■ Juicy is seen to recite “catch the
He is the only Jewish faculty member
conscience of the king” soliloquy
in his department.
from Hamlet before the play and
■ Being a Jew, Ruben is asked to hire a “What a piece of work is man”
committee to assess the application speech.
of an exiled Israeli scholar Benzion
■ Other plays by James Ijames: Youth,
Netanyahu.
History of Walking, Matter out of
■ As Ruben considers Netanyahu’s Place, Kill Move Paradise, White
case, he comes to terms with Moon Man Walk.
Netanyahu’s colleagues and his
scholarly work, which in turn
takes him to pursue Netanyahu’s
scholarship himself.
■ This novel was considered a New
York Times Notable Book of 2021
a Wall Street Journal Best Book of
2021 and A Kirkus Best Fiction Book
of 2021.
■ Other works: Witz (2010), Book of
Numbers (2015) and Moving Kings
(2017).
Pulitzer Prize for Drama
■ Fat Ham by James Ijames
■ James Ijames is an American
performer and playwright from
Bessemer city, North Carolina.
■ Fat Ham was premiered by Wilma
Theatre in 2021. James Ijames
■ It is an adaptation of William
Shakespeare’s Hamlet.
 7 • Volume 02 • Combined Issue 05, 06, 07 • Number 17, 18, 19 | May-July 2022
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry
■ frank: sonnets (2021) by Diane Seuss
■ Diane Seuss (b.1956) is an American
poet and educator.
■ She has written five poetry
collections which include Wolf Lake,
White Gown Blown Open (2010);
Four-Legged Girl (2015); Still Life
With Two Dead Peacocks and a Girl
(2018).
■ frank: sonnets consists of 128 poems,
all of which are sonnets.
■ The Pulitzer Prize Committee
described frank:sonnets as “a
virtuosic collection that inventively
Diane Seuss
THE AUTHOR
NADA RAJAN
■ The author is a general question for
literary theory and criticism. It is the
question of the presence of another
‘I’, the haunting absent presence of
the ‘I’ who writes. He is always a kind
of ghost.
■ It is an undeniable truth that one
of the curious effects of literature
is that literary texts can generate
powerful feelings of identification,
not only between the reader and
the character, but also between the
reader and the author as well.
■ The rapport that exists between us
and our favourite author is a sort of
linguistic tele-link. He is an absent
presence, meaning he is both there
and not there. He is sometimes not
so much an actual author at all:
expands the sonnet form to
confront the messy contradictions of
contemporary America, including the
beauty and the difficulty of working
class life in the Rust Belt”.
■ frank: sonnets was also the winner
of PEN/Voelcker Award for Poetry
Collection and the National Book
Critics Award for poetry.
■ Her collection Four-Legged Girl which
concerns with loss of her father
and her lover, and addresses the
importance of living in the present
was final listed for the Pulitzer Prize
for Poetry in 2016.
Pulitzer Prize for Biography
■ Chasing Me to My Grave: An Artist’s
Memoir of the Jim Crow South
(2021) by late Winfred Rembert as
told to Erin J Kelly
■ Winfred Rembert (1945-2021), an
artist from Cuthbert, Georgia says
- “I want Black people to be proud
of what their families sacrificed and
how they survived. I want people
who have lived in the South to talk
about their history”.
rather it is our personal projection,
our idea of the author which gives
shape to him.
■ The question of authorial intention
can also be pondered in the light of
psycho analysis. Conscious intention
can always be considered as subject
to the unconscious workings of
the mind. With psychoanalysis, it
is no longer possible to privilege
consciousness as the only judge of
what is intended.
■ The jurisdiction of ‘authorial
intention’ falters here – for what is
not meant can in another sense be
meant.
■ Rather than say the author is in
control of the language that he/ she
uses, we might consider the idea that
the language is as much in control of
■ Rembert was a self-learnt artist who
carved and painted on leather by
using skills he learnt in the prison.
■ Chasing Me to My Grave presents
Rembert’s vibrant experiences on
Black life on Cuthbert, Georgia’s
Hamilton Avenue, where he first
glimpsed the possibility of life
outside the cotton field world.
■ It illustrates the artist’s life during
1950s and 60s giving an account of
abuse, endurance, imagination and
aesthetic transformation.
Winfred Rembert
the author. In this respect, language
can be thought of as a kind of system
within which any writer must take a
designated place—the system and
the rules of the language inevitably
dictate the possibilities of what
someone can say. The author is never
equal to God.
■ Intentional Fallacy is a term
introduced by W.K. Wimsatt and
Monroe C. Beardsley in the essay
“Intentional Fallacy” (1946), to
describe the problem inherent in
trying to judge a work of art by
assuming the intention or purpose of
the artist who created it.
■ The approach was indeed a reaction
to the popular belief that to know
what the author intended was
the only way to know the correct
 8 • Volume 02 • Combined Issue 05, 06, 07 • Number 17, 18, 19 | May-July 2022
W.K. Wimsatt
interpretation of the work. The
intentional fallacy forced the critic
to assume the role of a cultural
historian or that of a psychologist
who must define the growth of a
particular artist’s vision in terms of
his mental and physical state at the
time of his creative art.
■ Intentional Fallacy is part of the
arguments of American New
Criticism, which holds that the
proper object of literary study is
literary texts and how they work
rather than authors’ lives or the
social and historical worlds to which
literature refers.
■ “Intentional fallacy” names the act of
delimiting the object of literary study
and separating it from biography
or sociology. The meaning resides
in the literary work itself, and not
in statements regarding his or her
intention that the author might
make. These statements become
separate texts that may become
subject to a separate analysis.
■ Reader Response critics view the
authorial intent variously. In general,
they have argued that the author’s
intent itself is immaterial and cannot
be fully recovered. However, the
author’s intent will shape the text
and limit the possible interpretations
of a work. The reader’s impression of
Editor-in-Chief
Patron • Dr. Sudip N
• Dr. Kalyani Vallath
Associate Editor
• Megha Patil
67 Vrindavan Gardens, Pattom, Trivandrum 695004, Kerala, India | Tel: +91-471-2444402; 93878 39871
the author’s intent is a working force
in interpretation, but the author’s
actual intent is not.
■ ‘The death of the author’ is a
paradoxical idea which represents
the fact that the author is absent
from the text.
■ ‘The death of the author’ became a
catch-phrase primarily on account of
an essay of the same title, written by
the French post-structuralist, Roland
Barthes and first published in 1967.
He argues against the very common
ascription of authority to the figure
of the author.
■ Barthes’s essay provides a strong
sense of the ways we need to be
skeptical about the idea of the author
as the origin and end of the meaning
of a text. But rather than solving the
problem of interpretative authority,
‘the death of the author’ in certain
respects simply transfers it. Barthes
ends his essay by declaring that ‘the
death of the author’ coincides with
‘the birth of the reader’.
■ the readings of his or her text.
‘The death of the author’ in Barthes’s
terms, is explicitly figurative or
metaphorical. The author cannot
die precisely because the author is
always a ghost. Never fully present or
fully absent, a figure of fantasy and
elusiveness, the author only haunts
us. We also have to remind ourselves
that Barthes is not in fact talking
about ‘the author’ but ‘the Author’.
■ Michel Foucault’s essay, “What is
an Author?”(1969), should be read
along with Barthes’s essay. Foucault
provides an extraordinary sense of
the figure of the author as a historical
construction.
■ The idea of the author is not
timeless: the significance of the
author as a historical figure varies
across time, from one culture to
another, from one discourse to
another and so on. We think of the
author as endlessly creative, but
Editorial Board
• Reshma Rajan
• Sethulakshmi A
• Nirmala Mangalat
our ways confine him as one who
confines meaning and significance to
a single univocal strand.
■ The author is therefore presented
as an ideological figure by which
one marks the manner in which we
fear the proliferation of meaning.
We want an identifiable author for
a text mainly because it gives us a
comforting notion that there is a
particular sense in the given text.
■ Barthes and Foucault present before
us a way to think that literature does
not essentially regard the author as
the origin of the meaning of a text or
even as an ‘authoritative presence’.
■ It should be remembered, the author
is a figure who remains a decisive
force in contemporary culture. At the
same time, it is important to bear in
mind that there is something deeply
problematic about a straight forward
reduction of a text to what we know
of the author’s personal life, habits or
ideas. It is mainly because of the fact
that no author owns the meanings or
Answer Key
Identify the Book ► It by Stephen
King
Identify the Person ► Romila
Thaper
Find the hidden names ► (1)
Thomas Hardy - 2 June,1940 (2)
Allen Ginsberg – 3 June, 1926
(3) Nikki Giovanni – 7 June, 1943
(4) W B Yeats – 13 June, 1965 (5)
Joyce Carol Oates – 16 June, 1938
(6) Octavia E Butler – 22 June,
1947 (7) George Orwell – 25 June,
1903 (8) Rousseau – 28 June, 1712
Design & Layout
• Zia-ul-Haque