M DKAyHAP OAH br U WtslCr nry rUE Frr

pAn bH OA3 I4ATC rU,t X H C CAEAO n *tuu

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR CENI'RAL ASIAN STUDIES
L'INSI'IT'UTE INTERNAT'IONA L I]'ET'TIDES SUR L'ASIE CENI'IIAIE

Apr$ Vcrrnan

K Pyn H E fr rU rfiE CV$ l,t fACrcI,4n E PATCTBA

uEHTpAhhHOfr A3l,4.r4

Carrnaprarr4 - 1999
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l{cna\t, KaK MltpoBat peilvtn\.fiBJulerct oqeHb cJIox<HbrM tBrlerrtreMi KaK B TeopslrrrecKoM, Tar( rr B
llcropFlecKoM orHolllenuax, Xopouo tr3BecrHo, qro eIIIe B panrufi IIepl{oA csoefi lIcropr4u, Ka3aBtrreect
eAI,IEEIM Bo Bcex orHolreHl,Isx ABr.Ix{egrre LrcJIilM4 B KoHIIe VII s. pa3Aerl,urocb Ha ,qBa reqeHr4r - opro-
AoKcoB u cropoHHlrKos Anz - IIocJleAHero r43 rrerbrpex 'trpare4nrx" xanurpou. I{x cranra HrcbrBarb
"uular AJrn" - cropoHHIzKI{ Attu, t,e, TaK HaibIBaeMhIe trrIrETbI. Konevno, flo.qaBJnntrIee 6onrnruHcrso
MycynbMilH B To BpeMrr tBirtrllcb oproAoKcaMr,r-cyHHuTzlMr.r. Ognaro rnr.vrhr-uta4hl lrocrerrenuo cralru
xa6uparr cIlIIy, xort Aonroe BpeMl nx upecreAoBaJrrl oproloKcaJrbHbre npaBurqrrz.
Buecre c reM, B rreApax ucrzua 3apoxgaJrocb Apyroe HarIpaBJreHr.Ie. Ono He npnsHaBilro peJllrrr,ros-
HbIe tpynutrPoBKl,I I{ ceKTbI. IlpegcraulTeryMrr eroro HanpaBIIeHruI flBwrtrcb cybnu. Bo rpeur BogHtrKHo-
BeIIzt ororo l4cJlttMcKoro ABI{x(eHWr trepBble cyQzn BeJrr.r orllreJlEHltrrecKyro xr{3ub, orpeKrrrr{cb or Bcero
MlnpcKoro. Osu 6rlrn oAerbl B ole4try acKeroB - BJractHHUy, HagbrBaBtupcx fio-apa1cxa cy$. Cvuraer-
ct, qro or ororo cJIoBa rlpoucxoryr Ha3Baurre ororo ABExeHvt - racanryQ. Ilepmre cyQun-ornreJrbnrrKn
r apa6crulx crpaHILX x[rI,I B orAaJIeHHbrx s Br4Ax., T.e. yelnHeuubrx yroJlKax, Bla/ril or nloUcxofi cyer6r.
B Hpare, Id:palrre u I{eurpalruoft Agrau xuiKlrHbr cyQner raKxe ycrpalrBanr,rcb B orAaJreurrbrx yroJr-
Kiu(, Ho Ha xoJlMrlcrbx Mecrax u Bo3Bblrlreunocrtx - 6yplxax. B qactnocrn, K HrrM ornocl,rrcr Eyplx-
MyffIa (nrrue Eypv4rma) tro4 Tenr6s111s1,4.
B nocneAlnorqeM,qBllxeuue CyQr.rsIrra ctpopnauponiurocb B r.rreonorrrecKoe jnreHue. B ocnose erorc
WaHE Jlextrr uAet A)4(oBHoro rro3Hauns 6ora - AJUraxa, uaet 6expamrsuofi ,rn6ru r Tsopqy.
CyQzftcroe yqeHue iuuleropurlno, floer-cyQufi uor Harrucarb rrpeKpacuoe nro6onnoe cruxorBope-
HIre o crpa,UilIl{tx un6legsoro IoEoIIIt4. Ha cauom leJre oror loHorrra 6rur czMsorou cyQrr, crpeuuB-
rrreroct A)D(oBHo-rryBcrBeHHbIM obparou [ocrrrq6 A-ruaxa r.r Jrrrll$perb ero noo6paxaenmrfi o6par. Ho
A-nnax ocraBalrct Herrocrl{xlu v laer;rzpl/;rr. Tar nec6rrsruarct Meqra cyQua z ero 6esorBernac rrodosr
yrfrrpafla BMecTe c HrrM.
Hexoroprre crtequamlcrbl crlrlTaror, vro CyQn3M He I,IMeer grararori cBssn c trpaBoBepHhrr.r Vfuta-
MoM E, 6onee roro, qro Cytpzsru Aaxe [porr4BoperrllT Llcnarrry. ,{efictuzre.nrno CyQzeu r{Meer HeKoro-
pble HecoorBercrBllfl c oSuUualrnrn'r I{clauou. Ha orr{x ocrroBauytrx il@arKa trpeAcraBuTenefi CyQrs-
Ma, TaKIre rar Xarur4p<, ClaparapaLr, HercuNoa, Maurpab 6rruu uo4nepnryrrr rorreuffrrM tr xecroKo KILB-
IIeHbI. Ho racaruyQ [osB[IJrct BIIyrpu llcnaua u p.r3BuBarcs B ero paMKax. B cyQraficrrx yrrenr,rflx Mox(-
HO UpOCneIUTb pa3flI{qHbls IIcJIaMcKIIe UIeOnOIIIqeCKI,re TgrIeHUt I,I HarrpaBleHut.
 Ha nonpoc, rITo xe raxoe CyQu3M, cIteqnaJllrcrr,I .{arBrulu pir3rurlHble orBerbl, rlacro upor[Bopeqa-
Uue lp)tr Apyry. 9ro npoucxoAr,rJro or roro, uro CyQneu r.wrflercfl, oqerrb cJroxnhrM, [onHbIM BEyrpeH-
Hrrx nporuuopeuufr, o6reMurru, v oqeHf, I,I3MeHqr,IBbIM o6qecrnenuo-rloirllTlrqecKlrM, KynbrypHo-
AJat(oBHbIM, QurocoQcr[M TeqeH]Ielu l{c,:raua. flora ocRosblBalrcb .rrlrllrb Ha Harl,ulbHbrx [aHubrx, MbI Mo-
xeM ytBepxAarb, qro CySu:tvt t&'rrsrcq cnoeo6pasubrM AyxoBHbru, QruocorpcKo-peJlr{rrrosubrM MrrpoBo3-
3peHueM; elo llpeAcTawlTelln cqETilIoT, qTo lIeJIoBeK, [ocpelcTBoM JIr{qHoIo ucllxoJloruIrlecKoro oIIbITa LI
ycraHoBJleHllr [yxoBHofr carsu (cosnaur.rr, oqyqeuur), Moxer o6qafics c Anraxovt,
Tarofi lrpouecc o6qeuzr lpoucxoAr.rr y cyqva, BceM cepArleu, rceri gyltoit sosrlro6flsruero Alnaxa
u crpeMllnletoc{ K HeMy rlepe3 eKcras v Bnyrpeuuee ocBeilIeHue. Taxa.fl AyxoBHo-peJr}rrrro3H.u [paKTrrKa
6rna nrupoKo paclpocrpaHeHa B cpeAHIIe BeKa B l,Iclaue, a raKjKe r,rMeJra MecTo B Apyr[x _[o rIcJraM-
cKI,Ix Kpynnblx peJll{rvo3Hbrx reqeHl4tx raKlrx rax 6yAAuaM, LryAaH3M, uIr;.AytzIM, xprrcruaucrBo'.
{ylttuficxuit CyQuaua !x. TLer, qro repMr.rH
"Cy$t{irvr" B HayrIH ynorpe6,ren na leplrauuu upoQec-
bopor'r @.A. foryx 'CyQr,r:u" r,rMeer flo Aannrm, ocraB-
ireHHbIM cpenleBeKoBbrM yrreHr,ru-cy$ueuegou A6y-n-XacaHoM A,rr,r Xyaxnupu o6 orr{MoJrorr{u repMr,rHa
"CyQu:t',r":
1) olnz c.rvfiuru rrro c;roBo "cy+" cBc3aHo c relr, qro [epBbre cyQuu Hocr,urrr BepxHlorc olexAy
(cyQ) ua roncrofi u rpy6oir nep6:rrcxnefr uepcrrr;
2) ypyrue c reM, vro cy$ur,r croqirr,r BcerAa B rtepBblx pflax (catD);
3) a rperru cBr3brB{rr[ TepMrrrr "Cy$v:u" co cnoBoM "ca$", xoropuft o3uaqaer uracrufi, 6e:yupev-
IIbIfr.
I{ssecrHHfr apa6cxuit nltreparop Axypaxz 3afrlas cqvrar) qro cJroBo "CyS" }'KoporleHHoe or
IpeBHerpeqecKoro "CoQur", r.e. "MyApocrb". flo MHeHr,rn yrreHoro r4cJraMoBela Jlynca MaccI,IHroHa,
cyrpuu KaK 6br floffrepKuBat cBoro per[ruo3nocrb tr orperlleHHocrb or MlrpcKr{x sa6or Hocflru "cyQ"
oAexAy zs rpy6oft uepcrrr rr flooroMy Hzr3hlBzurr{cb cyQuruu'.
JI. Maccvsbon rrr.rrrreT: "B ropoge KyQe neprrna "cyQneu 6rur HeKro [2ra6up u6H XafisH. Bno-
cneAcTBr{r{ quqllo BepyolrlEx Hoc.fl[IHx nrrax "cyQuft" yeenzuznocb B cTpaHe apa6or, Xopacaue u Mase-
paHHaxpe. Ero 6luru [pr,IMepHo 199 t. rro MycynbMarrcKoMy KilreHIaprc xr{Ax(pe, Koropbre coorBercrBy-
m 814-815 rr. rpuropuaHcKoMy KafieH,qapro"*.
loropr o ilepBbrx cy$urx cnelyer yroMrHyrb flepByro xenultHy-cy$w Paduro an-Alanuro (718-
801), a raxxe Ba.rsnqa au-Bzclonu (y'r. n 875 n:nu 878), A6y-r-Mynaca Xycefina u6u Mancypa an-
Xamralxa (858-922) rr Apymx rr3Becrubrx yreurrx-cyQues. Crou.raBrrrairct 801 rogy r Eacpe Pa6us at-
Alanas BcerAa rroBToprna: 'Jlm6osr K AffIaxy HacroJrbKo 3iilroJrourrJra Moe cepArle, qro r He B clrJrax
.rrro6nrr roro-,ru6o Apyroro KpoMe uero (Arnaxa - Ped.)".
Hanr cooreqecrBeHHr{K, npoxurannufi n Calgoncrofr Apatun, C.M.Kacann s csoefi pa6ore
"Hcropus. Cpe4reft Asuu" o [orBJreHlru Cy{rusrrra B lrcraMcKrlx crpaHax u ero Iiulbueriure\a pa3Bvrrr4vr,
ccbura,Ich Ha KHnry ,{Narran "Ha$axar yr-}Hc", uuller: "fleprrna o6nalare.rreM 3BaHrrr cyQult 6rur A6y
Xqnrny. Eonrmylo qacrr cgoefi xr{3Hr,r oH upoBen s IIIaMe (Cnput) u yMep n 160 roA xrrAxpbr. Ileprnfr
KoMMeHTarop CyQr.r:rrra 3puyn Mucpu (W. B 256 xulxpst) 6rrn o)IHnM r,r3 Jrre-HfiKos Zr{ar\aa Manura.
Vnopa.UovrBrrrrrM Werlae CyQu:rrla 6rur [xy-uaftA Earlanfi (W. s 398 xuxprr), Ho rlepBbrM qe]roBeKoM
BbrrrreArrrr,rM K Hapogy rr rpr{3BaBrrruM K yqeHurc CyQu:laa 6rur IIIu6nu Hyraauu (W. B 135 xuxprr),
ugsectHrrfi 6naroqecrraeM r.I nepxaHrreM AJrilTeirbnbrx rrocroB, rroxopoHeHHufi u HepycaJlrrMe. flepruu
cy$lleu cpeArr xeHIrIr{H 6saa Pa6us aut'-Anmus. Axauu [ocBrrIrJI arr-A.qasuIa qerBepocrl,Imne B Koro-
poM BocxBiutrer ee AocTovilstha It 6raro.IecTl,Ie"5.

t O.@, Arcuuyu.tKun "CyQurtcrcue 6pamcmea: cnoxuor.f,i ysen npodneu". [Ipeducnootre K KHuze IIx. C. Tpuueuzeu
j'CyQu,fi.crcue opdenu e Llc.naue". Mocrcea, 1989.
" Ix-C. Tpuueueeu CyQuilcrcue opdeuat 6 ucnctr4e. Mocxea, 1989. Cmp. 25-26
3llawmy "Opuevd",,[,oupamynuaoputp.S-motvt Atlzanucman. Ka6yt. 1354. cmp.55-56; Cnedyemyno,r4a.Hymb
qrno Ha ceeepnoil cnlopoHe ,tevenxu ,[,xone e flcpu6e Medune 6ovpy? "coQu" -MonuJracb. neprbte ilycynbilctHe s
paHneuctuLl,tcxurt nepuod. IIpu 6umee Eadp npopox Myxa,ved u eeo YO cnodeuxuurcoe 6una odemw 6 comnaHHue
ue zpy6oit eepdnotceil taepcna "cy$w". 7mo moxe Wasbtaaem H.a c6nsb mepJttuva ""y$uil" a cnoao.tr "cyf",
allawmy "Opudua",
,[oupamyt uaopuQ. cmp.55.
tceiluA Mydaututup Kacantu. I'Icmopua Cpednefr Asuu e mpex moJ{rdx. Kopotteecmeo Caydoacrcan Apaeu.a. A6xa,
1989, n.2, c.l15 (rua apa6. ae.)
 B ucropuz CySu:rvra B crpaHax pac[pocrpaHenus, Vlc;tavra 6sutu cneAylouue KpynHble 6parcrna: 1)
'YBafrcr4a" Ha3BaHHoe vMeHervr Ysafica Kapanu, )rilrB[rero s ffe]t{eHe BcKope nocJle Ilpopoxa Myrauuala;
2) "Cyxpavap\r4a" or r4MeH 3utnyquua A6y HaAxr.{6a ac-CyxpaBp&vr (yu.1168) v ero poAcrBeHHIrKa
Illaxo6gauua A6y XaSca Cyxparapryr (yu. n3D;3) "Kqqupur", Ha3BaHHoe I,IMeHeM A6lpt KannPa
lxwruuu (yu.1166); 4)- "Pu|arut" H,a3BaHHoe LrMerreM Axua4a u6n Pvdpatu (yr"r.1182):5) "flccanr4fl"qI,IIIITI'I
Ha3BaHHoe r,rMeHeM XoAxa Axuaaa -![ccaurn; 6) "Ky6parrrt" cBfls HHoe c I{MeHeM Myu'uIanAuHa
(ytt.1,236), 8) "Illa.:anue", cBflzatrHoe c rrMeHzMa A6y Ma[ssHr llllafi6a (y. I187) u A6y Xacana Anu
aur-lllasafir (W. 1258); 9) "Eauanus" cBfl3aHnoe c rrMeHeM Axua,{a Ea,qaru (yxr. 1276); 10) "Manraunl"
cBr3arrHoe c rrMerreM Axa,ra,'legnna Pylru (yll.. 1213); 1l) "Xolxatan" (Harur6anlur) cBq3aHuoe c
r.rMeHaMrr IUafixa IOcyQa a,'r-Xaua,uauu (W.
'Il4O), Xolxa A6gyr Xuturca fizxryrauu (yr'1. 11.79) u
XoAxa Eanaryg4uua Harru6auaa (W. 1389). flocnellyrcuue 6otstnue r{ MaJleHbr<ue 6parcrBa I{ ceKrr'I
TaKI,Ie rar "6emanfvlg", "lIKannfl", "IJmraHI{q" BIIIITJII,I us 6offiilux cy$ufrcxux 6parcru, notBtrBlul4xcq
s HcraMcxoM Mr.rpe. Eparcrra '?uQatux", "Illa3arrdr" u "Eqasur" B ocHoBHoM paclpocrpaHllrlrcb B
apa6crux crpaHax. Manrennxlre u 6onnmue 6parcrna rax "K16panzl, "Manrantrfl", "flc-caulrr", Ilznr-
Tvtt", Kagupvt", 'Xogxaton" (Harnr6arqur), "Berra-IrtIar", "Pymannfl" 6bLrnr IIIupoKo pac[posrpaHeHbl
t l4uauu, Xopa-cane, Typrecraue (Cpegrxx Asus), AQranucrane, Vlpaue u Typqzn. Onz rnnqrl{ Apyr
Ha Apyra, pa3BvBnJII,Icb, ycoBepllleHcrBoBa[r{cb I{ r{rpaJrl{ BiDKHyro ponb B o6uecrseHHo-floltlltuvecKofi,
nayvno-QmocoQcxoft, KynbrypHo-Ayxonuoii xu3nrr BbrlrreHa3Barrlrblx rocyzapcrB I{ B HeKoropblx rocy-
napcrBiD( (flarr.rcran, Vln4us,, Vlpan, Typgur, A$ranucrau z qpyrue) Bce eue llMelor orpoMHoe 3Haqe-
nae. B [pnBoAlrMoM 3Aecb r{ccJrelror,annvr aBrop ocraHaBrrrrBaerct flraBHbIM o6pa:ou ua 6patcmax
"Ky6parnx" , "flccaarrfl", '9vurrlra", "Xo4x{arou" (Harnr-6anlflx) a "Pyrran*tr".
Bo npeuena Xalu$a A64yn Manura (685-705 rr.) cyQuu 6rurn ornretlbHtrKaMll, rocrl{Jlllcb, He
errrlMlca,6pogrxuzuaJrn,Hocurrr{ ogex[y nzrpy6otrt u rorctoft uepcrl4 (cy$).V[zsrux acKeroB cQop-
Mr.rpoBiurocb reqeHlre cycpueu (Cy$uau) r,r Haqaro paclpocrpaHtrlcf, BMecre c I4clauou. Tarue opraHl{'
sa\rrtr acKeroB rrorBkurrrcb s VII-VIII BeKax r KyQe u Fiacpe. A no rroporl nolonune IX seKe Earlal
cTaHoBIITCt IIeHTpOM TaKUX aCKeTOB.
OcuosHrrN,ru rleJrflMrr cy<puen 6uru orran or 3eMHbrx ygoBoJrbcTBr.Ifi n 6tat,6ecroueqna.f, rxr6osr r
Antaxy, crpeMJrerr[e r Arulaxy. IIrar, CyQu3M rrorBrrJrcrl u pazBvBurcs B arMocQepe I4claua, oH IIIII-
poKo Bocrrorr,3oBa-rrc-fl Kopauou n Xa[zcarvrrr, oAHaKo HeKoropble Qoplnrtr Cy$ueua B cBol{x pilrIHLIX
cra[rfix pa3BilTng, cnoeo6pa:no fipollaraHl\Ltpyg HeKoropble acIIeKTbI Hc,'IaMa, K{tzulocb BbIpilKiuI oll[o-
srrlllroHrrbre MhrcJrr{ rrporr{Bocrorlque oproloKcallbHbrM yqeHI4tM llc:raua. floorovry Qeogauruue [paBrl-
Terilr w oproAoKcaJrbHoe AyxoBeHorBo rrarl,lJrlr lloABeprarb MHorrrx cyQuen Ce:xanocrnrrrrr roneuulna (n
922 r. 6rur xasueH Xycafin n6u Mancyp XarurauN). B 1191 rogy IIIaxa6yMr4H Cyxpauapau rpnHsn
MYIIEHUIIECKYIO CMEPTb B 3ACTgI{KAX.
Arageuur B.I,[. 3axraloB ,uenr.rr CyQrnvr Ha rpfi reqeuur: 1) IlolnrIx unLI eKcTaanux cyQuer.
Maucyp Xannagx, (DapugyUuu Arlap, Axalare4luu Pyri,rur 6rulu rpylHbIMLI [peAcraBl,IrersMl{ ororo
TeqeHur. flo MHeHI,IIo qJreHoB groro reqeHtrfl, ecrh oAHa BceJIeHHag, eAIrHcrBeHHat HaqiulbHafl ilcruHa
roropofi ecm Annax; 2) Erneru{rlecKoe reqenue. ?Iuana fazau'*r, Xalxa Axual flccasg cquTarorct tp-
Kr,rMr4 rrpeAc'TaBlrreJrrMtr ororo reqeHus. Ouu craparllrcb o6reAuuurr,. orox(AecrBurr Cy$llsu An:raxou;
3) Tevcnr,te Harur6asrzgua. 9ro reqeHlre [porl,IBopequlo acretuguy.'
Vqenr,re CyQusua oKa3aJro orpoMHoe n;tr:r,snvre Ha rroJrr{TnrrecKyrc LIcl'opHIo crpaH flepegHeft Azul4,
linuxnero u Cpe4uero Bocrora u I{eHrpanrnoit Azuu. Ocvancrue cyJrraHbl, Tevryp u Teuypulr,r naxo-
I\urrr4cb rroA BnrrtHl,reM yqeHrrlr CySu:rr.ra. Tax, uanplrMep, AyxoBHLIMIT HacraBHI{KaMIl Teuypa cql{Tallucb
cyQuiicrr.re lllafix Kylan, IIIaftx 3afruy;rluu Tafta6uu u Cafiirul Eapaxa. Orpouuo 6r,ruo ar[tHI,Ie Ha
Tevrypngcxux [paBureJreft mafixa XoAxa Axpapa.
B euoxy pacrlBera MycynbMiurcKr.rx rocylapcrB, no-Br4AnMoMy, MoHapx[ Marepllanbno rIo.UII4TbIBzuIII
cBoltx [yxoBHbrx HacraBHrrKos. Ho Bl{ecre c ocra6reHneM }r yrrq[KoM ueHTpirJrbHoawllTcKr\x rocyAapcrB,
cySuu ororo peuroua o6e4neru u [peBparr.r-[rrcb B crparrcrB)[onprx 4epBr.refr-uoupomaeK. OrAenrnrre
I{x eArrHr,rrlbl Mox(Ho 6rtllo slrAerb elrle B cepeAlrHe ororo cro;rerul. Ha ropoAcKrlx oKpiMHiD( Y:6erucra-
na u TarlNtrKr{crarra. B onoxy rorzrrlrrrapHoro pexrrMa CyQzsrrr 6rl,r oxonqarqfibHo lrcKopeHeH e 6rts-
ruux cpeAHe,Br{arcKl,rx pecny6:rzrcax.
Hcropur CyQusrraa - gro Hama flporrfirar vcropr4l. A u:yrarr l{croprln I4 II3BIIeKaTI LI3 Hee ypoKl{
IIOJI93HO K{DKIOMy.

tLlB.3axudoe. Ynye uroup

ryan1u. Tawxexm, "It6rrcur*on", 1970. Cmp. 320-335 (na ys6. as)
)
 H4[o orAellrHo orMerllTb, rITo HecKoJIbKo pyronucefi tBrslotrIuect ocHoBHbIM I{crorIHItKoM ganuoti
pa6otu, TaKtu KaK "Panraxar ariH-yn-xaar" cavra 6rura sarIzcar'a Ha ocHoBe IpeBHr4x crasanuir u pac-
cKatoB, Koroplle AorrrnIa Ao Hac B Br.rle pyKorltacu u [errarHbrx trgpLanrrit. Hanpuuep, aBTop "Pauaxar"
Man'IoHo (Daxpugguu Aru-ac-CaQu s croefi pa6ore, uocsrueHgoft yrreHlt-fiM "flccaBvs" 14
"Harur6augr.rt" uclonb3yt BbIpilKeHHfl "uuQapuyla arrA, ruurySrang" (upuraruru, cratanu); or r,rMeHIl
cBorrx [peAIIrecrBeHHI,IKoB lOcy$a Xauq4auuu, Xo4rrl A6gyxanuna fnxgyrauu, XogSu Axuala -flcca-
nu, Xogxu Eaxay4guna Harur6augz, Maauouo A6uypaxvrana ,[xaur.r, Xolxu Y6afigymro Axpapa Balu
u lpynlx ilpI{BeJI MuoxecrBo paccKa3oB u crazannir. 9rra crasaHvfl, u paccKa3br B cr4Jry roro, qro oru4
.qounn Ao Hac B pyKonIIcHoM Br{Ae, KiDKyrcr renepb peaJrbnbrMrr, r.rMeBruI4MrI Mecro co6nnlsMl. To ecrr
HaAo rloHr{Marb raK, qro Mlrorrre BilKHbre, rJraBHbIe 3a,uaqu Hallrero IpeBHero, oqgnb boraroro E tpKoro
KynbTypHo-[yxoBHoro HacneAcTBa recHo rrepeluleTaloTc{ c paccKL?auvr, cKa3arrr.rflMz r{ ApyrurMrr MaTepr{a-
nauu QomruIopa, Halpuuep, nersHAbl o HaBo[ Ha ilepc4cKoM, rypKMeHcKoM z y:6ercxnx r3brKix
I,IMeIor cuoeo6parulte oco6ennocrrr, a rzrxxe o6llue csofrcrsa. nrasHrrM o6qnna ux csofictgoM flRJrterct
To, qro ouu oro6paxaxlr He KonKperrrbre r.rcrop[qecrrae ripamu u KoHKperurrfr ucropusecrufi o6par
Alurrepa Haro[, a ero o6par r roo6paxeunu HapoAa, TecHo cnssannHfi c HapogHbrMv v'aflHrrflMr4.tlpu
co3AaHI,Iu ororo o6pa:a Hapo.q HecKoJrbKo Wuwtorcfl. oT r'rcTop[qecKl,Ix Qarron, xn3rrr{ r{ KoHKperHbrx
co6rnzfr XV aera, HeKoropLIM co6rrrusrr Aaercfl HoBoe 3HaqeHrre, HecKoJrbKo rrpor{3BoJlbHo uso6paxa-
Iorc{ Ir ouenfiBiuorcs HeKoropble EcroprlqecKue Quryprr. Ho sce sro 6tr.no EcrloJlb3oBarro Ans co3AaHut
o6pa:a Anuurepa Hanoz, roropnfi no6parr s ce6s. KarrecrBa r4 qeprbr xapaKrepa 6laropo4noro qeroBeKa.
Eqe oguuu o6qlru csofrcrsoM tBrrercfl AeMoKparlrsarltrr Alrr{mepa Hanon. B neroroprrx JrereHAax oH
HacTor'IbKo IeMOKpaTI43I,IpOBZUI, qTO CTaHOBrrrc.rr IIOXOXIIM HA HapOAHOIO repOX XO4Xy HaCpe4AUna (UlU
na Tanxara tl MylQurn). floorouy, HeKoropble JrereHAhr, cBr3aHHbre c r{MeHeM Hanon, nepecKa3brBa-
Krrc.{ c LIMeHaMr4 HapoAHbrx repoeB - Hacpe4gzua z MyrnQuru. "Hapo4 B cBor{x JIgreHliD( Ee craBur
rlepeA co6ofr 34[aqy Bocco3Aarb l,Icropr{qecKyro nurlHocrr - A,runepa Haron. Ero qenrrc sBrrrercr co3-
AaHI,Ie o6pa:a BenrrKoro rroera, roc)trapcrBeHHoro AetreJrr, MyApeUa, cbrHa cBoero HapoAa v KpacHopequ-
sofr ru'Iuoctlt, 6ecroulpoMrrccHo 6opnrqerocr c HecfiparBe&[I{Bocrblo II xecroKocrrrc. B HapoAHbIX
cKa3anvlax rJrilBHiutr BeAoMiuI cll:ra He gcropr{qecKar KaIIBa, a rla4exAa, Meqra rr Kpbulbt QaHTa:vu"'.
?Irax, paccralbr, cKa3zurux u Qonrrcnopubre MarepvaJrhr o IIIafixe Haxwalzse Ky6pa, Xogxe Ax-
ua[e -flccanra, Xoqxe Eaxay[.urue Harnr6asAe r,I Apyrr,rx MyAperlax cyQuer sBrlrrorcs He ricropnqecKr,rM
AoKyMeHTaMrir, a Bcero nulrb Meqrofr, nagex.qofr u Qaurasuoft.
A.Axmedoe

IH. Matma"e. Atumep Haoouit sa xcutt uxodu4mu. ToutxeHtn, "Foflyp Fyttou" uouudazu Ada6uEm 6a cdHbam
Hawpudmu, 1974. Cmp 345-372 (ua ys6. as)

6
 II]AI;IX rcCYO XAMAAAHPI
IA EIO IIETbIPE fIOCAEAOBATEA'

HetecrHo, qro rrorgreufle v,qalrueftuee par;nvrue cySuficxoro )^IeHI[t n Marepauuaxpe il Xopa-

c HMeHeM IIIafixa A6y tocytpa Xaua[auu. flonnoe ero IrMt A6y ,fxy6 Iocytp r'r6u
carre recHo cBrr3aHo
4.ro6 u6u au-XycafrH n6n Baxapa a,r-Xaua[aH]r, po/rr.rJrcs orr s 440 (1048) KAY, B ceJleHurr Eysana-
rrllpA: 6.nu: ropoga Xaua4an r 3anaguou V[pane.
B pyronncnrx pa6orax yqeHrrKoB Xau4ganu, TaKvx rar "Kma6 yn-Axa6" ("Knuta o [poucxox(-
A"ntasx;j A6y Ca'aa arn-Cau'avu, "Pvcarar4 Caxu6us" - rpaKTare [pII[I{cbIBaeMoM nepy A6lyxanura
Iuxg5manr,r, a raKxe r pa6ore xrrBmero s XVI rere (Daxpltq4vna Alu Xycafina KarunSfl, LI3BecrHoM
rro4 rrMeHeM ac-CaQu, "Panraxar aitu y*xatr" ("Kauu IrcrogHLIKa xuznu") nptrBoAtrct HeKoropbre
Sartrr I{3 ero xu3HI{ u ,uesrerbHocrll,
,[ragqaru Jrer or pogy IOcyQ Xauagauu npu6r,ur s 5arA4[ - cronfiqy XanuSara, c roptrruM xala-
Hr{eM rlpfio6pecru 3naur{r. B ro npeur 3HaMeHIrrbIM MeApece "Huzauus" s SarAqIe 3aBeAoBarI vsueaT-
uufr yrinufl csoero BpeMeHrr A6y Hcxax an-llllrpa:u. Xanalauu 6ruI upvum IrM B yqeHlrrz u npuo6-
pel 6omuue 3HaHI,It n o6racru $uxxa - trcJlaMcKoro [paBoBeAeHI'It.
flporunrx oco6oe ycepArre r Surxe, JroprKe, xa[Izcax il Apymx cyQr,rficxnx HayK,N Xauanalrn .uo-
6urcs. rrptll:inamkrs y cBoero yqr4renr - A6y I{cxara. \anee ou o6yvaucx y r{lKrIX I43BecrHbIX 3HaroKoB
xal\r4ca u 6urxa xir A6y Vlcxzx ut-Haszapu, an-Xoru6 al-EarAaln, A6y,{xaQap u6n Myclut, 46y
Xycafrn al-Myxr44u. C qelrro coo6qenra-r xaAr,rcoB B HapoAe, oH coBeptrraer HecKoJIbKo lryrellrecrBrrrr B
llcQaxau, Ea-rx, fepar, Mepn, By upy z Cauaprau,4. I4Meslxufi cz,rbuoe rflroreHlre r Cyipu:uy I{ Mopa-
JII{crrrKe A6y Hcxar at-lllzpa:r,r oKa3zrrr 6omuroe BnI'ItHI{e Ha cBoero na6nroAare;rbHoro u xaxAyqero
snaHufi yrrenuKa IOcyQa Xaua;1aRr,r, [ooroMy loc.rre4unft c MoJroAocrr,I )ZeJlfler oco6oe BHI{MaHIte Ay-
xoBHoMy Ia QuszuecroMy caMoycoBepmellcrBonaHll Io
B ro apeur u Manepannaxpe xunu n rBopr,rJr[r raKr,re coBpeMeIIHrIxu IOcyQa Xairaa.qanr,r, rar ll]al,rc
yt-Capaxcu (yrr,r. a90l1097), V$ruxaplull4H a,r-Eyxapz (yu.547,11|48), Eypxauyryu1 al-Mapru-lanlr
(yu. S-lAlttSil u SutrocoQ-reolor a:-3auaxmaprr (yM. 5381114q1. B rarnx llenrpili 6orocnosus, rloru-
Kr.r E reoJromrr KzlK EarA4A, I4cQaxu, Earx, fepar, Mepn, Iiyxapa n Cauaprang v3 v.ncra Saruxor ru-
rrrJrr4 Mnorue yr{eHbre-cyQur,r. ogunM rr3 TaKlrx BeJrr,rKr{x cy$uer crur tr A6y K)cyQ XauqAauu.
B FarAaAe XauaAauu r{3} ran pas,rurrnbre acrreKThr yrreuu.s Cytpu:rr,ra y an-Cau'anu n Axuaga ut-
faeratlu (6para 3Hrttrlenuroro cyqvs A6y Xarwua al-fa::zuut).
Ocrarurlrocr [onoBr.rHy )s{3Hr{ IOcyQ Xau4gaun [poBeJr B ocHoBHoM e fepare, Ea,Txe, Cauapxan4e
u Fyxape. B Mepre oH rrocrponJr xarraKax n Megpece. flo4roroaun MHoro )FIeHI,IKoB B MeApece Mepna tl
Eyxapn. I4: yveuuron n Eyxape oco6o oluuqrlJrr,rcb XacaIr Angaru, A6aynna,r Eappaxtl, AxMil flccass'
u A6nyxa,rur fzxgyrasu. B Aa,rruefiureu, n Eyxape, grl{ rlerblpe yqeultKa-[ocJleAoBareJrt (xalu{an
ap6a'a) uo oqepeAl4 3aHnMtuI Mecro cBoero yqvITerfl, 3aMeIrIaIIu ero, TeM caMbrM yclellrHo npoAoJrxa,t
[rKony Xairralasu.
A6gyxiulur ftaxgyranu r pa6ore "Pucuau Caxu6us" [pIzBoAI{T nHTepecHble cueAeuvs o cBoeM
yrrurere IOcySe XauaAauu. flo cseAeuftru fi.rxAynann, A6y Auu arr-<Dapu4Au (sror yuennfi swlssrcx,
yqrnreneM raKx(e A6y Xarrlula ar-fagsa[u) y{urem Xauaganu, 6un ytenur<ona A6yr Xacar.a a*
Xapararu, yqrreneM Koroporo 6rtrr ,[xaQap arr-Caglrr, yuuytttuitcr. B cBoe BpeMt y XanuQa A6y Earpa
CtuAzra.
[4rar, raK uoKa3,Lrr A6g5xa.nux luxgyrauu, IOcyQ Xau44anu qepe3 rpu 3BeHa rlo ,uyxonuofi qeuu
(cnncuna) HerrocpeAcrBsHHo BocxoAr{r r A6y Eanpy Cug4ury - uepBoMy xannQy rocJle flpopora My-
xaMMaAa. fuxgyralru flnIrrer, qro r{clo.rHs,e\,rbtir B yrelrurr IOcyQa Xauqqanu (s nocreflcrsuv, Bo BceM
1intrclanur Harur6auAus) aurp xyQur (ruxuft:mp) na caMoM ,qene 6ur [epeAaH cBo[IM rIocJIeAoBareJUIM
eqe XarrzQou A6y Earpou CzAgzrovt.
flrxgyrauu rrumer o ce6e, ,fro 22 JrerHr.rM rrapHeM rro yKasy XLtpa on 6rur ylocroeH qecrl'I crarb B
Xalla[aHe )FreHrrKoM IO.yQa Xaua[anu. flocreAurafi, ro yKasy Xz:pa, c oAHHHaEIIarbrc rI3BecrHbIMIl
cnyrgrrKaMlr (cpegz uux 6rlr u fuxgyrauu) ortpauustcs us XaMaAaua r Cavraprang. Co cBoI,IMrr o&vrn-
Hq,qrlarbn yqeHilKilMu Xaua,uasz ocraHoBr,ilrcs B KBaprane farQap n C4lapran4e. B srou KBapr.ule
farQap B TerreHr{r{ reBflTn MecflueB oH Aaer BcecropoHnne ra uy6oKr.Ie 3uarlut rro yrIeHI,In CyQuaraa

' A.K. My.uuuoe "Kamoou6 antant a,t-axilap" aa-KaQaeu (yu. 990-1582) xarc ucmo4HuK no ucmopuu uctttt-L4a a
Maaepauaaxpe- AKI.Jleuunepad, 1991. Cmp 11.
 cBoI'IM rlerblpeM caluEIM rilIaHTJIr{BbrM
) reuxKaM (xarruQan ap6a'a) Xacauy Augaru, A6gynnaxy Eappa-
ru, Axuqqy flccana u Alx]g;/atwy fuxgyrauu,
_ 3gecr, cnelyer JmoMsHytb oAHy rpqArrrltlrc, nMerouyrocq e CyQusue. Tpalnur.r.r xa,rz{au ap6a'a
IocyQa Xauaranu upoucxoAl{r or 3uaMenurr,rx qerbrpex ilpaBernuf xanaqon [popoKa Myxauuq4a -
xanu{rau ap6a'a (A6y Barp, Ycuau, Vuap n A"nu). B [ocJreAcrBrru raKafl rrerBepKa yqeuuKoB, r.e. Tpa-
Ar{IIlIfl xanuQan ap6a'a 6rura upogoJlxeHa BceMrr KpyrrrrbrMl.r E u3BecrHbrux mafixa.ulr.
Bo upeul I(I'I3HI'I u yue6u u EarAqAe (506/1112 roay) IO"yS Xauaganr,r Bcrpeq{ucr u r.rMe.q 6ec0grr
A6tyn Kaglrporrl lx.urrann, roroprd rarrrJrcfl ocuoBareJreu 6par_
uupe CyQu:ua. flo:4uee, BhrcoKo IIeHr ero AocroIIHcrBa, yrIgHtI_
yJr-acp" (noltoc rer<a).

BecB HcrraM cxuir trup, Asa 6ornr". ;;J;-#\T:ffi"?"iHLy"1,T#i"trJ#"f f3i:ffiffi:T :

HacJIeaI'IeM TaKoro BeJrrrKoro cror[a AyxoBHocrt4 rar IIIaftx Xarra4ganu. Hexoropue 3anaAnbre yqerrbte-
I{ccJreAoBaTsJrI't Cy{rusua uvrr locyr}a XavragaHu cB{3brBztror ronr,Ko c yqeHHeM'Tlar<ur6an4vff,,.
flo 1'51a-

T9uy uuenvw) vI yrIeHI,Ie 9.ccasl1^t uMeer cBt3b c r,rMeHeM rl yqeHueM IOcyQa Xauagaura. Ocnonare.ru
6parcrna flccasus' - XoAxa Axua,q flccanu 6nur rpemnrrr xalz4u Iocyea k^*.ouu". B csorc oqepeAb
Xogxa A64yxanur< fiaxAynauu (ouronarenn 6parcrna XoAxaran - rrosx(e-XogNaran-Harm6wawfl - 6um
rrerBeprbrM xwmSa IOcyQa Xau44auu r Eyrape.
IIo yveuurc IIIafixa Xau44anu, ulefrxoro orqa 6parcrr flccanul n Haxur6au4u.r, "ToJIbKo ror, KTo
tIoJIIIocrbIo nocBtrI4JI ce6s Arraxy, HsyroM[Mo r,rrler rryrlr K Bcrpeqe c HHM, rL lra etoM qucroM, cBtroM
[yt[I crapaercs 6r'ITr MyrpbIM u 6operca sa sma:rrurs, - ToJrbKo ror Moxier Ha3brBarb c6s ucrunHbrM cv-
Qnbu".
_B_xpaHlalnue pyl(orllcefi I4ucruryra BocloKoBe[enr4t vrMunLr A6y Pafixaua Eepyulz AH pecny6nu-
ru Vs6exvcrzul xpantrc-fl ABe lparoqeHHrre pyKorracn NsNs 2174 w 21'75, tpuuqq,ri*"rque nepy A6gy-
xtul'IKa lnxgyrauu, B Koropbrx oH paccKa3brBaer o cBoeM yq[rere Xolxa IbcyQe Xau4qanz. g oaHof
lI3 EIIX' nassaHHofi 'lPucwmu IIIafix yfi-ruyrlyx Xa-rparz Xo4xa A6y IOcyQ XalragaHr,r", lzxgynanu
nuIIIer, rITo B yqeHuLI ero ) II{reJUI - Iocytpa Xauagauu, Her rru oguofi MbrcJrr{ nporuBopeqar\efi urapua-
^
ry. H_aupourB' ero yrIeHLIe rIoJIHocrbIo coorBercrByer rpaArrqrr;{u flpopoxa ra ero uetup& xa,rurpoa.
321ecr uago yrloMrlnyrb, qro I,IM,I "IIIaftx yru-uyftyx" (IIIafix Illauxon) lara,'rocr ne raxlouy. B
usropz:ld CySusua n TypxecraHe raKoe rrpo3Br,rtrIe .qaBaJrocb roJrbKo IIIafrxy Haxur,rggzny Ky6pa z
XoAxe Axvragy flccasu. Haxuuggtrua K16po errle H,BbrBzuru "Illafrxu uarniapoul"- IIIafti notnlnu-
narouufi cBflTbrx.
Xauagauz, Ky6pa n flccann - BenvKrle cySuu, ocHoBaBrrrve n Typrecraue, XopacaHe rr B Apyr.r4x
rracrtx ltcnaMcKoro ur,rpa 6o.rlbnve Lr 3E.aqr4Mbre rralpaB[enux Cyeu:ua.
Kar rulcan pyccxl.tfi yveurtft-nocroKoBeA B.Bsrruu B Kouqe XIX sera s csoefr crarbe, rrocBrrqeg-
uofr IOcyQy Xau4ganu: "B KaKoM 6u ropoge su 6ru go6poAeremnrrfr, 6narosocnuraHHbrfr, r,ry6oxuft
3HaroK yueuzft cBoero BpeMerru, nsrnxrafr y.renr,rfi cyeufi IUaftx IOcye al-Xaua,qanu, yrreHbre_Mylpeqbr
ororo ropo,qa Bcrperl{ilu eto c oco6ofr -rro6ontrc rI rocrerrptrr.rMcrBoM. Eoree 700 y.reuuroa Xauqnauu
Aocrl{flru crerleHH nalz (clrrofr), 6olee 8000 sgrFrHzron 6;rarogap{ eMy rrprrHrJrlt ncJrurM, a reM, Koro-
pbIM oH yKa3arr fiyrb l{crrrHnbrir, vucrhrfi r,r nepuuft Her qr,rcJra. Xaspar Xonxa IOcyS Xau44anz rrpoBen
cBolo xrl3Hb B HlrIIIere u 6eguocru, aapa6arrrna[ Ha xrr3rrb rraH]rMntcb pa6o.ruu K Kpecrbsuvwy wru
peuec.rexnwry''1.
Kar 6rulo cKa3alro BbIIIre, KoHerI csoeii xzsuu Iocyrp Xarvra4aura [poBe,T n Typrcecraue, [poAoJrxaJr
cBoe yqeHl{e n Eyxape, Cauaprange u Mepue. gacro nocetqaTr fepar u Eatx. Oi nocrpoun n nyxape
xarlaKax (o6llre.nr) E Melpsce, rAe rlopKor3brrrHbre yrrenr{Kr.r, npumeArurre u3 pa3Jlr{qurx pafrouon Mare-
paHrraxpa u Xopapaua, BocrprrbrBaJuzcb B [yxe Cyeu:rraa.
B pyrontrce Qaxpu44ulta Atu ac-CaQu "Panraxar afru yr-xarr" (Kaulz ldcrorrquKa xzsnn) Harllt-
caHo, qro Iocydr Xauanauu upra6rur s 535 (1140) roAy B fepar ra: Mepra. gepe: HeKoropoe BpeMfl, B
ToM xe roAy, oH Bo3BParllaercx I Mepn. flo 4opore B ropoAe Favrzau (A$raxucraH), novrlr 9O nerggfr
crapelJ, yteunfi IIIafix Xaua[asz yxoAl{r us xinznvt. Te,ro ero (no ero :areqalrun) 6ruro [prrBe3euo rr
3ixopoHeHo u Mepne oArlxM Ir3 ero rtocreAoBarerreft Vl6la Anxapau au-Byxapr. Bocnr,rrasruwit g1acete-

1-O.-O-Klfuuoe'
Hercomopb,e ctcneKrnbtnonurnwecrcoil u putuzuoino-QanocoQcrcofr nparcmurcu mapuKdmct Hatcw1aru-
duya e Maeepaunaxp, u. B c6,; I,Is ucmopuu Cy{tisua, Llcmoqiurcu w couucubnar npo**ria. Taw.rceum,
"@4H", 1991. Cmp.76Y
 Hne XopacaHa u MaBepaHHaxpa B peJrrrrr4o3Ho-KoH+eccvoHaJrbHoM, Mr{crnKo-+r.rJroco+cKoM Ayxe IIIarix
IocyQ Xauaqasu B rrcpKo-LIcJIaMcKoM Mr{pe rrMeJr raxofi nrrcor<uft aBTopr,rrer u [oquraHr,re, sro ero
ycbrrrtulbHr{ua r
Mepne HzBbrBitrracb "Xopacaucrori Ka'a6ofi " 1,
B cnegenurx, ocrilBrreHrrbrx ero ) renrrKzrlllr, roBopr4rcr, sro IIIaftx IftytF Xaua,4anu 6rl,r srrcor
poclroM, KpacHB, xyr u crpoeH. Ou 6rur go6ponopr4oqHr,IM, Mf,rKlIM,
WHnIM Ir HenpbIM rIeJIoBgKoM, [I
orrll{q'.ilcll paBHo,uymueu r< 6orarcrBy, coBeprlreHHo ne lro6rm Kopblcrr, rr 3aBItcIIMocrb, BceM qro nMer
Aervrcg' c HeI'IIuyIrIuMI4, Hy)KrIarcilILIMHcr r,r becnolrorqgr,IMt4. Eror 6,raroqecrr,rsHfi rreroBeK BcerAa Mtr-
KUM pr Hex(HbIM roJrocoM qvTur cypy '5axopa" uz Kopaua, KorJIa ero KeJrbro flocetrI:uru raKne ero yqe-
HI,rKr{, rar Axvla,q flccasw u A6gyxarmr fia:rgynanu.
Ogual44rt, KorAa Xo4xa A6gyxaur.rr< ftlx4yrauu ilocerzJr KeJrbro K)cyQa Xarraa,qanz il B xore pa3ro-
Bopa cllpocltr ytlurerf, o 6yUyUeu ) IeHI4KoB, Tor orBerl{,'r: "Mou r4crl{HHbre xaluQrr, 9To rrpex(Ae Bcero
XoAxa Xacan Angaru, [oroM Xo4xa A6lyruax Eappaxz, Hy a loroM Xorxa AxuaI ffc€asu. Xonxa
Axuan flccanu B cBolo oqeperb rrocJre r{eKoroporo BpeMeHH xaluQcrnonauwx, yityet n pognoft Typre-
crau (.flccn). florou BMecro Hero, KaK uet'neprrrft, orlnqurrfr or Apyrfix ) reHr,rK, 6geurr xaruQorrl iri'.
H 4efr,crnnreJrbHo, TaK oHo u 6rrrro.
Kar upegcxa:al IIIafrx IOcyQ Xau44anz, co BpeMeHeu Xo[xa Axu4rl flccasu ocraBr,rJr o6urenr,
Melpecce u yqeHr'IKoB n Eyxape Ira BoJrIo Xo1xu A6gyxarnxa fiax4yranu r{, BepHyBrrrrrch B flccu, lpu-
cryrII'IJr K crpollTeilbcrBy HoBoit o6urerm, MeApecce fi Bocrrrirarrr,rn HoBbrx )^reHI,rKoB. Bepnyrmucr ua
PoAI,IHy I'r ocHoBaB 6parcrro "flccayux", oH HaqaJr pac[pocrpaHrrb cBoe yrreHue cfiepBa s obracru Irrau
- TamreHT, a 3areM fl B Apyrrx o6racrsx.
Y'rennrrii cySutrr Xazupu, xunttuir u pa6orannufr r Typunn, 6san uocJIeAHnM npeAcraBrrreJleM rle-
uII yrleHrrKos 3aHru ara, Koropblfr n ceorc oqepeAb 6ru onunu r.r3 rIocJreAHr,IX yqeHr,rKos Xqlxu Axua.qa
fccanu.
B csoefi pyl(or[cll "Xaroxzp yn-a6pop MrrH aMB.DK y,r-6uxop" (")Keuvyra r.r3 MopcKrrx nonu"), Xa-
3uEIt BcuoMlrHaer cBoero HacraBIIIiKA v Wnrenc Axuala 9:ccasu. B c.nelyxllqeM crl,Ixe oH roBopl,tr o
roM, qro ero HacraBHtrK, BMecre c Anlanu z Fapaxru, Wl.arcfl y npeuogo6uoro Llfaftxa Xo,4xa IOcyQa
Xalu4gann u 6wst ylocroeH ero oco6oro BHI4MaHHJI:
"Eyl trraruryrn A6y IOcyS raMoM
{a.:paru Clurouu Arau A{rraaA Eauov
Ear,q E appar,z ft sazu6o,sp, Anloquft
X.onuurznu IOcyS oH MapArr roKrlfi.
\azparn Cprrou vy 6op ctuKxoAarrryA,
Kopu oryru Aap.q srr y oMoAa rrr)A
{rpra Ba xypMou Xa:par 6Sra,
O$ro6u Sarp a: eafi raSra...":
(Xa:paru Axvrag, 6ylryt Cy;nanou repnr,
Eecxoueqno lrc6ul A6y IOcySa Xarrlaganu.
Clepna Eapparcz, sareM AHAar[
3aMeHWrr4 IOcyQa - eluHcrBennoro B cBoe BpeMJr.
flocrre ui.rx Xasparu Cylran (flccanu) cral xanz$au,
Bce xeuouHr,Ie noqyBcrBoBaLrru o6-nerrenue.
Xa:par flccanu B3.srr c pyK yrrr4renr IOcyQa py6zUe r xypMy
lI co.nnqe Hr,rtrrero B3orrrJro u zacns,sto\

HraK, B grofi sacu4 Harlrero rloBecrBoBaHurl MbI KparKo ocT'auoBrlTrrcr na -rpxori, >Kuzrju,ll, tto.rtuori
MlrnocepAr,rr, AerreJrbHocru IIIartxa IOcyQa Xau44aull, rB.rrrroqerocr, BeJrrrqafiueil uuuapoft rrcpro-
uc,tanacxofi tryxoBHocrlr. IIIafrx IOcyQ Xau4qanu 6rm racrrauHbrM t4 rrr.rcrbrM ItcroqHHKoM sn rinir ilnt
6parcrn "flQcaBlar" rt "Haxrr6anAui', o6reauHuBrrrzx Apyr c rpyroM MHoroMr4JrrILIoHHbre Hapogu Mare-
palrHaxpa z Xopacang LI urpaBluue BaxHyIo ponb ts o6uecrseruo-rroJrr.rrt4rrecrofr, mzcruxo-p"-ttnraosHofi,
AyxoBHo-KynrrypHofi x-[r3ur{ Marepannaxpa u Xopacaua. i

' Aunoxon AQcatctod. Tax4aeyn aQrcopw A6dypar,uon )I{auuil. flymaru1e, ",[ouuw", 1981. Cmp. 42-43 (ua madx.
F){Dyad
' Kynpynysoda. 7W* adaduEmudq unK wy macaeeyQnap. I:Icma,v6yn, 1918. Crnp. 36
 __A
renepl MbI IlocrapaeMct Aarb HeKoropbre cBeretr4r. o rJraBHbrx yqeHuKax (xalr.ripau ap6a'a) IIIarr-
xa IOcyQa an-Xaua.{aru.

Xz'r,
6rur
trffilrd;xx";#J#'"?#;o#;
aMeHriroro )nteHoro A6gyr Kaiuua
carvrann- "Hur Xogxu A6.[ynnaxa Eappanu or "y.i"" rIpeAKr,I Bna-
cJroBa "6appax"... raK KaK ero rreKoropbre
IerI,I CTanaMil oBeII"" - trfimeT aBTOp '?amaxar".
Xors l'{rr 3HaeM, uto Xo4xa A6gynnax Eapparu poAoM rrc Xope:ua, Mbr He rrMeeM Huraroft rocro-
nepuofr t'tuQopuaqul o aare ero poxAeHll-fi il cMeprn. Mouura Eapparn, KaK [r{urercs B '?ailaxare"
ptloM c vrorruofi A6y Earpa I4cxara fyra6q4r.r u Byxape.

Xoa:r<a Xacan A,rraarcl

B '?allraxar" KoporKoyrIoI{JIrIyro, 'Iro XoAxa Xacan Anqarz nropofi xanztp Xorxra IOcyQa a,r-
4***t. On po4ou u3 cereHut AqAar B rpex Qapcaurax (or. 20 ru; or Eyxaprr. AuAarn c rcHocrr.r
6bl,r laocroen qecrlt 6um socnuraHHbrM tUitxol,r IOcyQou Xaua4aun. on nyrenrecrBoB:ur co cBolrM
HacrirBHtrKou n Xopesu u Earaal. Angaru poilvncfl n 464-1072 roAy. Moru:ra Xogxu Xacana AuAarn
TaK xe HaxoAr4Tcr r Eyxape, prAoM c uorunofi Irlafrxa A6y Eaxpa rlcxara.

Xolsxa llxna"o, flccanu

Xogxa Axual flccasu 6nl,r rpernuM yreHuKoM (xanuQou) IIIafrxa IOcyQa Xauauann. Avup Alu-
urep Harou ilncur o HeM - "Bertuxuil uoKpoBr{renr u IIIafix Qaryl T}precrana''. A r p1mon""z
'?aruaxat" roBopETct, vro "rrcpnz ero oqeHb BbrcoKo rIgHflT I{ HiL:}lIBaK}T "Ara ficcasta" (oieu fcca-
Bvr)"'.
V Xogxu Axuaga flccasn B cBolo oqepeAb 6nlrz qerupe yqeur,rKa (xatuQaz ap6a'a). gro Marrcyp
ara, Carug ara, CyQu Myxarrlrrla,4,flouuuruang u Xarnna ara.
O apyrr* qJreHax lapilKna flccaBm,, TaKI4x rar, Ys5m Xacan ara, Carttug ara, Hcxax ara, C4gp ara
r{ E4[p ara, Asutwatvrnu 6o6o, Mangyg ruaftx, Kauol l]fairx (I{rouu), Xarzu IIIaftx 14 Apyrux cyqurx
MbI KparKo ocraHoBl{Mct B nraBax [ocBrtrIeHHux XoAxe Axu4gy flccar,u u 3anru are Xul,laru.

Xoax<a A6aynxannr flu<a,walrr

etot serurufr noxporure.rt TypxecraHa 6rur verueprbrM ) reHr4xou IIIaExa locyea Xau44auz u
cql,ITaercr Ayr(oBrrbu orrloM 6parcrra "Haxlu6aHAus".
Xogxa A6gylxalur fiaxAyrauz poAllncr rr yMep B cerelvu fixgyran. Ilrar cereHlre, KaK r.r or-
nouvrennufr ropoA B coBpgMeuHofr Syxapcrofi o6tacrm, rBJ'Iterct KpyrIHbIM HaceJreHHbIM [yHKToM It
HaxoADrct, KaK cql{Tiurl{ B IpeBHocrH, B trrecrrr Sapcanrax (ur,n 136 ru) or Eyxapu. Ero oreq A6gyr
Axauun ?Iuarr,r Malur 6rur nssecrHbrM r{MaMou. Iluam A6ryn [xaulll npou-cxo4un poAoM nz Pyua
(Typury) n 6tut H3BecrHbIM o6lqgaroleM Mrrorux snanuir cBoeto BpeMeurr. flpegru ero uarepu 6inu
TaKxe z: Pyua. KorAa ero poAvreJlu ronyqunrr cblHa, ro c 6o,rrmlrMll HaAexAaMu HajrBzurr ero
'46[ynxanur" (Pa6 6oxuir). Boneft cyae6, paHee unaarrr A64yn flxauu,r co csoefi ceurefr [epeexrur r43
Pyua u Manepauuaxp (Typxecrar) v oceJl B ce[remvrr luN;1ynau Eyxapcnofi o6tac'rn, rAe porrrJrcr H
Br,rpoc A64y:rxallzr-
3r9uy 6naropognoMy ornpblcKy a firx4ynane )Arrre;rbcrBoB.ur yveHufi l{uau Co1pyZnur. B oAuu
geur A6lyrxalrrKy [pIrBI{AeJrct Xnsp, roroprrft cKasarr: "kI4rr K xaFy, rJrorHrd orDiAa nognt, a upo ce6.r
uorroprtl cnetrytolqyrc Kaltvuavrairuly (crrqeuuylo Spasy):'JIo lfuoxo I,Lnrollrox, Myxavruq4au Pa"yo
orurox" (Her Bora xpoue Amtaxa u'Myxavtvrag ero upopor). A6lrynxarrrK r.rcrroJrrrrrJr ri", uro euy 6rulo
cKa3aHo II oro cBtToe 4eitcrr,ue cqvraeTcg, HaqarloM 3EKpt4 xyQz (r.e. 3r.rKpa c rrrxrrM ro.rrocou).
floegnee, A6gytrxanzrc crau co6ecegnuKoM r4 ) renrrKoM XoAxa IOcyQa an-Xavra.qanu. Onz BMecre
[yremecrBoBarll{ B EarIaI, I4c$axau, Ea.nx, Mepn, Cauapraug u Eyxapy. B ro rpeur, KorAa on crarr

' (Daxpaddun Anu Ac-CaQuu. Pawa4om, c 7. Iloamu Bo 6cetc usdauuax ua 3anade o CyQusue "Eapparcu" ue-
np.cteuJtbtro nu.utemca "Eaparcu". 3ruqveaue gtno?o cno6a, rcarc euduo cna3aHo c cJro6o,t, "Eappa" (6apiru, oe4a)
" "Paulaxam", Cmp, E,
 nocJleIoBareJreM XaMa,qaHL{ eMy 6wto 22 ro4a. Xou, B Haqzue IOcyQ Xaua.qanz r.srorer K 3IrKpII iua-
ttnn (nru 3I4KpI,I [xaxput, T.e. rpoMKr,rfr, suyronofi surp), rroclre Br.IIeHI,It II yKaI]aHrIJI Xurpa, cT,I[ TaI(-
x(e Hcno.Tru-srb 3HKpI{ xy+Ia. floc.ne roro, KaK IOcyS Xauaganz or[paBnJrcr r Xopacan (lepar, Mepr)
luxgyrauu lpo,qoJlx(aJl BoclruTbrBarb rrocnenotsarenefi u rrpr.r3brBarh Hapo,q Bcrarb Ha rryrb rrcrrrrrbr, qr4c-
Torbr n 6narocectut.
Abryxanzr fi.rxlynatru ocHoBaB yqeHr.re Xogxaralr (uo:,gnee "Harnr6anAur"), csopMtrpoBiur AJrt
cBol4x lrocnelloBareuefi (carur, vrypr{A) IreKoropbre MopzurbHo-erlrsccKr,re HopM6r. Bncr<a:asurre A64yxa-
JII'IKOM fzxgyrauu 'hparoUeu-urre KarrJrr{ rvryApocru" - pamxrr (e4aucmennoe qucJro or 'pauraxar"), n
6o,trnruucrBe cBoeM 6ruru uopalbHo-oruqec-KkrMr{ HopMaMI{ Ant qJIeI{oB cHaqala 'Xo42xarau" a 3areM
"Harlr6an4ul".
Cleqyoqze palutxar (xarpu) tBJrtlorcr 6ecqenunrrMr{ coBeraMu v BbrcKa3bIBaHHlIMr,r XoAxn A6Ay-
xaJ/^r[Ka fiaxn5ruaur.I u cocraBJrsloT ocHoBHbre HopMbr (upaeu.ua) ttoBeAeHrrx B Tapr,rKare Xolxaros
([o:gnee "HaK[r6 gau, Ha.:ap 6ap ragam, caeap Aap Balan, Xmear Aap aHrxyMaH,
Egrap.u, BoetaulT, mr. A n qarrureftueM TaKXe r4 cnegyrotrIue npaBr.IJIa craJrr{ ocHosofr
rapvKura Xo4xarou (Haru6asanr): ByryQu aga6n, ByrcyQu 3irlroHu, BynyQu xaur6u1.
Teuepr KoporKo paccMorpltM Aer{uru oAnHHanrIarH BbrmeHa3BaHHtrrx rp.rBrlrr, pa:pa6oraunrx luN-
AyBaHII (rpn za flocJIeAHI4x yKa3aHHbrx Halru 6rrnu pa:pa6oranbr qyrb rro3xe Eaxaluunou Haru6au-
gtru) u crzrBrrrux ocuoroft uopu 6parcma Xo4xaron (Harm6angut):

floH-srfie cocrollT It3 Toro, rITo rlpfi vcrloJrHeHult 3vKpa, rax.unft BbIAox AoJ]x(eH rrpoucxo,qr{Tb rpes-
Bo tr oco3nalrHo, To ecrb KoHTponvpoBarbcf,. Mannono CarAu4grau Kamrapra roBopr{Jr, trro KaxArrfr srl-
,qox IIoJIXeH AeJrarbct c 3r{KpoM (yuouuHaur.reu) nuenn Co:gareru, To ecrb ne 6lrrl caMorrporr3Bonb-
HbrM... Py6au:
"9fi rrlorqa za 6axpu utru 6np coxu,flu ariu,
fiap 6axp Qaporar acr Ba 6ap coxunra uraftn
Bap4op caQu uasan 3r.rMaBxv rauHaftu,
Oroxu caxap 6orr-y 6ofi u-yl-n aQracaitu"
(Efi ocraunartcs na 6epery uopr suauzfr
B uope ycnoKosHfie, aH 6epery 6eccrranus..
Orregz crofi nsop or BoJrIr Karnafrua, T.e. AByx MrIpoB
Bo epevr Bocxo,qa, cneAlr 3a cBotiM lruauueu).
Arrop "Paruaxat" rrpoAonxiu cBorl paccyn<gentrs, Ha ery reMy, rrLtrrrer: 'Xasparz Maxawz Hypua-
4ax A6aypaxMaH al-Axarau roBopr,rr, qro, KaK rrvrcaJr IIIafrx A6yr )funsa6 Haxu al-Ky6pa (IIIallx
Hagxuryrguu Ky6pa) s cnoefi pa6ore "(Dasarux arr-)KaMau", AbrxaHlrr xrrBorHbrx rrpoktcxoArr or oAnofr
ecrecrBeHlrofr neooxoyuMocrlt; nrcnl4 Ha caMoM AeJIe AbIIIIaT no srofr xe neo6xogzMocrE. Ognaro, cauu
Toro He oco3HaBat B rlporJecce AbIXaHrrt AeJraror 3IrKp - yrloMlruaHrre cB.{Toro ilMentl locnoga. Xorg. ulu
HeXoTt, Ho rIe,IIoBeK Bo BpeMt BAoxa It BbIIoXa upoI,I3HocI4T cBeTJIoe r,rMc Aluaxa. HanpUrrlep, "l^]t-jira"
("aluQ", 'trau"). TaurllrA B "raMe" yrorpe6rrerct rns. ycvrJreHnfr, Ro3BbrrueHr.{fl cB.flroro vMeH}r An.uaxa:
"Ar-la !", " AJr-Jrat"z.

Colr.lr (vleu 6parcrna), rge 6rr on

Hrr rrreJr, B ropoAe, B Kr{rruraKe, B nycrblllg IIJrlr B ApyroM Mecre,
.qoJIXeH BHI,IMareJrbHo cMorperb Lr cre[r4Tb 3a cBoI{Mlr rlaraMlr, xa6rr u:op ero He 6rur pas6pocarlHblM,
orBJIeqeHIrbrM. A6nypaxuan ,(Nauz croefi pa6ote "fyxp* a,'r-Axpap" BbrparKaer cBorr Mbrc.Trg o6 srolr
r
rlpaBune rapr,rKara EaxaytAuna Harm6aura B Br.I[e cneAylorrlero rrerBepocr[ru[t:
"KaM saAz 6a xaqaruu xyru AaM,
Aapla ry3arxra Ha3aparu as KAqilM
Eac r<e 3n xla KapAa 6acyrpar caQap
, Eos Ir,MoH,[a (a,qaMaIII ag H^3ap

'^"Pawaxam". Cmp. 2l
'. "Paruaxann". Crnp. 31
' "Pdutaxam". Cmp. 22
11
 (Kaxgrrfr uar noJrxerr Aenarbcr rrocJreAoBareJrbHo,
,{e:ratrcr ocropoxHo 14 oco3uaHuo.
Kro nyremecrByer yBepeHrro oArrH,
flycrr orreArrr 3a KaxAbrM cBorrM marou).

9ra nopua r,IIacIlT: cyQuft [yreilecrByer B rreroBerrecKori trpllpoAe, T,e. nepexogr,rr r{3 qorloBeqe-
cKltx KarIecTB BO BCeIIeHCKLIe KaqeCTBa, Lr3 IIJIOXUX KaTIeCTB B XOpOmIIe KaqecTBa.
Py6av: "E pa6, qu xylu acr 6e ,qaxoH xaHAr,r.qaH,
EesocnraH \rarrrM )r(axoHpo Ar.rAaH.
Enur.rurun ra carpap K)m, Ke 6arorr xy6 acr,
Eeuunnaru rro ruplpr xiu(oH raplEraJr"t
(O anaax, KaK xopoilo cMef,Tbcr He orKpblBiu ycr,
H rz4err Becb MI4p, ue otrprma-r rna:!
Xopomo nyrerrrecrBoBarb clrAt Ha Mecre.
I{ 6pogrm rro 3er\4Jre, He yrp)DKlar uor (ne lnurarcr)
Kar uzguna, rloHtrb cMLrcJI rperreft panrxu pa:pa6orauuofi A6gyxanrlKoM fzxgyuann He raK-To
n?rK9. floorouy, MHor4e yrleHble (M.Pagxa6or, B.3axugor, A.AQcarcoA rr Apyrtre) ueperogrr rrpaBuJro
Ca$ap gap naraH" fipocro KaK "[yre[recrBoBarb uo Pograue, KoqeBarb rro crpaHe z 6pogurt no lglpf'.
[o uoc.tegnero BpeMeHIt MbI Toxe EMerr,r raKoe xe MHerrue I,I AorrycKiuur onu6rn npu nepenoge2,-Ec-
JrIt BHHMareJrbHee rlocMorperb, To MoxHo rroH-f,Tb rlo cMbrcry Bbrrrre[prrBeAenrroro py6a*t, qro B sroM
rIpaBIIne perlb rlAer o nyrellre,crBur,r aJrJrerop[qecKoM, AyxoBHo-MopiuIbHoM - "no PoAuHg", T.e. rlo Mlrpy,
AapoBaHHoM Arnaxou cBor{M pa6alr.
Octanonnlrcg na ogHoft npo6.rreue, orHoczreJlbHo nepeBolla I{ TpaKToBKr,r Ha ra,qxuKcKoM ra y:6er-
cKoM t3blKzu( AaHHoro ilpaBrIJIa (CaQap gap narau) yreutut "Haru6angvx". Kaxercr, rrro 75;vBg. v Bep6r
IlccneloBanut Bo BpeMeHa rorarrrrrapu3Ma, Kpyrrr{bre BocroKoBeArr, QulocoQhr ut Jrl{TeparypoBe.qbl, rrepe-
Bo!.vilu Ir rpaKToBaJILI AaHHoe npaBllno lzxgyeanu coBpeMeHHee, "nporpeccnBnee", rar 6u crapatltrcb
oco6euso [ofiqepKHyrb "uporpeccuBnocrr" yrreHllf, Harnr6asAur. Teuepr, KorAa orKpblTocrb Lr npoqec-
cbl AeMoKparv3a\ilv, I,IAyr [onHbrM xonoM, Mbr, KoHerrHo, IIe xorrlM o6ntul,Irt B oroM yrreHblx roro Bpe-
MeHIt, raKlrx rar M.Pagxa6or, B.3axnl\oB tr llp. B 1977 u 1982 rr. MHe rrptrrxJrocb 6rrrr s recHoM Ha-
) IHoM KoHraKTe, c HbIHe uorofrHHM, aKqAeMr,rKoM B.ll.3axuloBbrM, Koroporo r NlHoroKparuo paccflpa-
rlrrrBur o6 yrenuu Cy$uzua, o rapnKaril( "naxnr6anlufl" 14 7p.
Ha naou Borlpocbl o Baxayprune Haxru6ange, sro BpeMeHIt vt ysenav, a raKxe o MlrpoBoM 3HaqeHuH
ero Hacrelltt, oH oTBeqaJI c oco6egnuM BoJTHeHI{eM r,r yloBorlbcrBr,IeM. klz ero orBeToB creAoBzrlo, qTo
rnasa "HaBov H TacaBry$" ero pa6orrr "!yma rBopqecrBa BeJrrrKoro [ogra", 6rrra nauacama s 1939
nrqy. Ho ee I,I3AaHlIe 6ruro saupenleHo: "Y.reuze "Haxur6aHua" eule Aonx(Ho 6nrrr r 6y4yrqeu Bcecro-
poHHe n my6ono u3yrleHo, noroMy qro, oro yqeHue orleHb BiuKHafl I,r aKTyiuIbHM lt\eorotyts B llcropilu
HapoAoB Bocrora v LIMeHHo uogroMy BeJrr{Kr{e rroorbr-MhrcJrwterrv, ,{xanau, Hanoz, Xynrxal, Manrpa6,
Maqylmynl{ Bocxurleulro BocrleBzrlrrr B cBor.rx rBopeHr,rrx oro yqenl{e", - roBopr.L[ B.Il.3axzlos.
Bu4nlr.o, BpeMlI, o KoropoM Meqriul B.lL3axnIoB, ToJrbKo HagaJlocb. LI uoorouy, He crelyer oryJlb-
Ho KpI{TI,IKoBarb z rIpLIHIrxarb yllregrrux yvutereri, reu 6olee, qro oHrr He Moryr orBerzrb; cJrelyer
6larogapzrb Bper,IJt B KoropoM Mr,r Is{BeM r,r rny6oxo, BcecropouHe, ocHoBareJlbto rI3JAarr uarne 6ora-
roe lr tlpKoe AyxoBuo-KyJlbrypHoe lporrrJloe. B I99l rolly AaBafl uHrepBbro rro reneB[AeH[rro qJreH - Kop-
pecnonrenr AH Pecny6nuru V:r6eKltcraH H.A.Cylrauor upousndc cneAyrcqr.re cJroBa: "!:a, n e[oxy
Tor{lnl{Taplt3Ma Mbr Aorrycrxrrrr HeKoropbre oulr,r6ru B Harrrrrx HayrlHbrx rBoprrecKux pa6orax, Ho grl{
owu6xu I{ HeAocrarrcu 6nutu lorrytrIeubl Bo IrMr 6es:aBerflofi cnyx6rr HapoAy." Mrr ue Aonxuu :a6rr-
Barb erI,I cJroBa rlplr paccyxAeHl,Irx o6 yrennrx, TBopr,rBmux Ao Hac r,r oIIeHLIBiltr IIX HacJIeAlIe.

'^ "Pautaxam". Cmp, 22

" M.Paxa6oe. A6dlpannou flxtwu u ntadxarccKaa QunocoQun XV e. ,[yutau6e. Cm.p. 102-150; B.3axudoe. Vnye "'
utoup uxodanaue rya^n6u. Towrceum, u "Ys1exucruout', 1970-. Cmp. 338 (na ys6. as).-,[ywan6e. Cmp.42-43 (na
madxc ne.); O.Ycnon Eaxoydun Harcw6and ")I(Mynorcom", MI2-92 zod (na ye6. as.)

t2
 flo naureuy MHeHr{ro, noroftHrrfr BocroKoBeA A.A.Ceue-uon, naz6oree roqno rlepeBen rPerbe [Pa-
uuo (a4a6) fizxgyeanu, KaK "[yremecrBrre uo csoefi po,quHe"1. fcHo, rITo B TperbeM upaB[rJle (agare)
pevt rrAer o raKoM, csoftcrseuuoM oroMy orpoMHoMy A)rr(oBHoMy
TapvK Ta Xogxarau (Haxnr6anur,u),
Kar '"Telou 6urr c HapoAoM, a Alurorl c 6oroM", ('[ur 6a rtrcp-y, gacr 6axop").
TeqeHI{Io, [oHrITHIit,
,[yuaeu, qro B qerBeprofr panxe lru uo4po6Hee pacKpoeM cMblclr gToro norrtrl{t.

,{m parucHenrrr eroro [paBr{Jra B '?auraxar"e Xo,uxa BaxaygAuu Harur6aul caM rrprrBoAt4T c.rle-
lyrcIuge cBeAeHI{r.
V Xolxr,r Fzxa)trAuua cupocaJrr.r: "[nl vero narne 6parcrso? OH orBerrrlr; Erttl ruxrau n co6pa-
Hlrrr, TsJroM c HapoAoM z xynrofi c A.rrJtaxona".
Kar nz.qno, tlprrBeAelrHoe rrpaBvno cQopuyrupoBaHo l-uxlyranu r4 coorBercrByer 3HaMeHr{ToMy [e-
rzey 6parcrea XoAxarau-Harm6augus "\ul 6a fiop-y, gacr 6a xop".
3ra
cQopuynupoBaHHall BrrepBlre A6lyxa,rzrou Imlq4yraHlr MbrcJrb, rro3AHee craBllrzlf, ITIIzIBHbIM BbI-
p:uKeHI,IeM Mr{poBorpeu}rr rapr,rKara XoAxarau-Harrr6an4r , qacro Bcrperraercr B TBoprlecrBe riilurx
tlooroB, TBopI,IBIIrux B paMKax yqeHr{r raprrKara Harnr6au4ufl, KaK flxauu u Hanou. Mrr orpauurluMc.f
rIpIdBeIeHI{eM Jrrrrrrb oAHoro 6afira r.r3 nocralra "Cagg[ I4crarrlapu" A,ruutepa Hasou:
'MycoQup 6!r, awruo naran n.rpa 6!r,
Tu.ira xulrar-y au)<yruilH uupa 6!t".t
(Eyar vyxecrpaHlleM, Ho He Ha csoeri poAnrre
I4luu yegvnetrus, Ho 6yal r o6utecrse).
BraAuo, vro HaBor.I, Koroporo B opAeu "Haxu6an4nn" flpilnein ero )^IrilTe.rrb r,r co6ecenHI'Ir ,[xauu -
sr,rAxrrft nraftx rapurala n XopacaHe, B npr4BeAeHHov 6aitre, ptsnr4Baer rrrero flonHocrbrc co3ByrrHyro c
AByN{t (rperreft fi gerBeprofi) pamxarrrr.r rapr,rKara "Harln6an1r,rr". KaK rrr4cur TIJIeH - KoppecIIoHAeHr
AH Pecuy6ruru V:6eKrrcraH A.II.KarouoB, corJralrarrcb c MrreHuerrr E.9.EepreJrbca, oru ABe crpoKrt
rnlltlorcr ocnosofr yqeHrrfl Haxnr6au.uuss.
flocro"rrxy peqb 3arrrJla o cMblctrTe sroro caMoro BalKnoro flpaBr.rna 6parcrua "Harur6anAr4fl", Ha ca-
MoM ,qene cQopuynupoBaHHoe eue B XIII nere, ocHoBarereM TaplrKara, A)D(oBHbrM oruoM EaxagAuua
Haru6asga, HarurrM cooreqecrBerrnlrKoM, A6gyxa-nnrou luN4yraHlr, trpriBeleM ero vfirorosuaquruufi
6afir:
"Aopu xrlJrBar 6aHA na aopu cyx6arpo rynrofi,
flapra urafrxufrpo 6arq Ba Aapr.r zopufrpo ryurofr".n
(3arpoz [Bepb yeglrueHrr, orKpofi 6eceuu lBepb,
3arpofi tnepr lllafixcrBa, orr<pofi Apyx6u ,uBepb).
Kax euluM, rr4es Hason Bocxolu{r K oroMy ABycrrrrunp finxlynanz.
Ilrras paurxa: iiqxaptl
Kar roroprarcr B '?amaxar"e, cMbrcJr eroro rrpaBwt B AyrrreBHoM 3HKpe. Maa,rono CarAnqArau
Kaurrapu roBopr{Jr, o cnoco6e 'y.rcnvts, suxp: Cuavsv IIIaftx roBoprrr npo ce6a: "JIo klnoxa lluonlox,
Myxaua44an Pacyl Orrox!". flocne eroro MyptlA roroBrrr cBoro Ayrly, paBH{er ee Ha gyury lllafixa,
mrrpoKo orKpbrBaer Hrarsa, [p[xr,rMirr r3brK K n66y rpenro cxl{Maer ry6u, vepee_Hoc Bnbrxaer rlonHyro
rpylb Boslyxa v 4eilaer rroKJIoH lr co ecefi oneprzeft Hac[Haer ucrroJrHeHlre szxpa'. YIrax, rrrroe trpaBr,r-
.no A64fxatrnra fi'txTlynaHu cocror,IT r{3 orrrrcauut spitcrnuft conura rrJrr,r Myp[Aa rrepeA 3rrKpoM.

'A.A.Ceueuoe. CBP UBAH Pys. rn.-3. Tawrceum. 1955, Cmp. 256. M.Xacauoe Xodxa A1dyxaturc fuxdyeauu,
"(Dan ea myptt'tyut" lcypHqr 10-91, Cmp. 19. flx.C.Tpurltut4zet4. "CyQurt.cxue opdeutt e I'Icnaue". 1989. Cmp.
167.
t4 , ."1.,r , ,.
t o nwnepanxypbt u,rrr. f.fytatta. 1975 Crnp. 165.
o H Xauuir"'mjnnauu, 1344 xuxpu, Ka6yt. Cnry.
21
t nPautaxam>. Cmp. 23
13
 {Ilesrar paurxa: Eograum
Cuucl ororo [paBr{Jra B cneAyroueM. 3arup ( xaxArrfr pa3 rroc'rre roro KaK
nporr3noc npo ce6l Kurr4Mav rafifiula (JIo Hnoxa an pacyl Onlox), BcJreI npo
ce6r upouenocur "Bcesrrutuuft, TbI Mos ueJrb I,I t ( sst-

CearMar Baluxei llurollarur

3ro uparulo roBopur, rITo 3aK[p (ucuornzre;rb 3uKpa) .qonxeH oflacarbct orlrreqeul{r BHr4MaH:nfl,
nPtr [poI{3HereH}II{ npo ce6r K.urr,rMarr rafrfitu6a, ro ecrb 3ilKrrp HecKoJrbKo pa3 [oBTopr{B KarrrrMy, .qon-
xen co6pamct c uucaqMu.'
Bocrmar paurxa: Ernorur
Ero uparuao uracr.IT, rITo rrpu rroMlrHaHr{r{ A-nrraxa caurnK (cyQufi) BcerAa AoJrx(eH 6rrrr cocpegoro-
qeHHbIM, To ecrb Eceula TIoMHIITr o cBsroM .[eficrBr,Iu".3

Cna'Iarra nonpo6yeu rtontrb cMbrcJr crroBocoqerauul "Byry$z agaru". "ByryQ"- ero cyQuftcrzii
TepMItH' oruavarcqufi xapaKTepHoe Ara "Harur6annu\" yqgnta cqera Alala. VIraK, B groM rrpilBtrJre
roBopHrct o co6nrc4eunil a[xila (c.rera) B rrpoqecce 3[rKpa. Bepuee, KaK roBopuJl c,lM Eaxayaunn Ha-
rur6anq: "co6llo4enue alala, upeAoxpaHf,et saKnpa, or pacceflIrHocru n orBJreqeHr{r lvtuc:refr Bo BpeMiI
surpd'4,
4ecrrar paurxa: ByxyQu gauaur
"3To upaBuro rJIacI{T - KoMMeHTI{pyer aBTop '?atrra-xar"a, - qro, rlpaBoBepH[rfi ucerga AoJIXeH
oco3HaBarb cBoe cocrotHf{e rlpu KaqecrBeHHoM r{3MeHeEyfir, To ecrb, CoJII,IK AoJrx(eH x(I{Tb
)^IrrrblBlul
raxArIft MoMerIT csoefr xIt3HI{ vI zma , KaK oH rrpoBeJr KDK.4oe MrHoBeurre - c .qo6porra (xafip) uJrrr Bo 3rle
(mapp)t."

9ro npanuao I,IMeer ABa cMblc;ra. Ileproe - ,4yfia saKnpa AoDKHa 6rnr rcerga o6parqeua r Anaaxy,
KaK oro cKa3aHo raKxe B upilBILIIe Eggoun. Bfopoe, KaK roBopr,rr Xonxa Eaxayplnn g csoefi KzuIIrMe,
"ByKyQr{ ran6r.r ecr6 - o6paqeunocrb r,r roroBnocrb A5mrn B cropoHy A,r:raxa".6
Boceur z3 B6llllerrepeqilcreHHbx I,I [poKoMMeHrL4poBaHHhrx parxxa cSopuyrupouau Xo.qNa fzx4y-
BaHtr, aXogxa EaxayAlun Haxru6ang upr,r6aru.n ocrzLrlr,Hble rpr,I, nocne irero ux crar'Io orl,IHnaAuarr.t
fIo:AHee orLI pa[Ixa cralrtr ocHoBnbrMt4 [puHqr.r[aMr4 rapwKara HaKru6aHlz.fl. OcHosarerbHo yKperrneH-
nrre Xo4xa Harnr6anloM rr ero )AeHrrKaMrr, ouu rur4poKo pactrpocrpa*rvrttcr, cpegr,r rureHoB 6parcrua
Haril6auguc. Ho 1, 2, 3, 4 - parrxu (Xyrr Aap nau, Ha:ap 6ap r4gau, CaSap Aap Barag, Xulear gap
auxyualr) 6*sm uail6onee [orIyJUIpHbr B yqeHrlu Hanru6arqus ]r crporo Br,ItroJrurJrrrcb .urel{aMu ororo
raplrKaTa.
XoAxa A6ayxanux fi.txlynauu rlyBcrByt npu6.nuxeuue cnoefi cMeprr,r (1220 r.), upueral r ce6e
caMLIx 6lu:rux ) IeHEKoB LI qerBepblx crMbrx ryqrxr4x (xaluSau ap6a'a) Ha3Haqaer cBor,rMr.r ilpeeMurr-
KaMIto. Ero verrtpe xamlQa rto oqepeAz 3aMeIIIiu cBoero Berrr{Koro yqvrerfl, [polonxarcT ero ruKoJIy
AyxoBHocrI,I II pennMo3Hocrl4 r ESxape, np[I3blBiu{ HapoA rra fiyrb ucrwrtftstit, ql'cToTbr, Mt4[rocep/irr'.,
rpygoruoOnr, rrarprrorr,rsMa r'r [pyrnx BbrcoKoHpaBcrBeHHbrx rueiuroB.
A reuepr KoporKo paccKiltKeM o rlerbrpex xzuruQax A6gyxauura fuxgyeaun u Apyrnx ero [ocneAo-
BATEJI'X.
 Xo*:r<a Ax aqA CraAAuK PaxrvraTy
^ox
Ero uepnrrfi u3 rrerbrpex xanuSor XoAxu A6ryxanr,rra luxrynaHr,r, poAoM us Eyxaprt. Xolxa Ax-
nq4 Cuggzr Bocrlrlrtul n trocraBlr.rr Ha HorE yrreHnKoB A64yxauuxa I'l.rxgyranu. flepe1 cMeprbro, rro3BaB
Xogxy Aa'Iu0u Ka6upa z Xogxy Apudpa Pzntapu, 3aBerqaJr EM yqeur,rc vr rlocrfinanue Bcex cBolrx yqe-
ITLIKoB. Monua Xogxu Axual CuAIIrra Ha(oArrrcr B Tpex
Qapcanax (ox, 20 ru.) or Fyxapu B Kr.rrrrJra-
re Mar€n.

XoAxa Anru6u Ka6up cqllTaercf, BropbrM xaluQovr A6gyxanura fia44yranu. "CBflral MoruJra
Xolxll Aulrdlr Ka6zpa HaxoAllrcr n Eyxape oKoJro Bhrcorbr na roropofi rrocropoeHa 6amns Al6p"t -
[llll]erct B "Panraxat".
XoAxa [exrou Kalaru, XoAxa 3axu Xyla6R, Xogxa Cyaolan, Xogxa lapu6, XoAxa A64y:r.uax
flapca, Xo4xa Xacan IIT4sy, Xolxa Yrrzuag TaKxe r4Me.[u 6eceAu, Boctu4TbrBa,rlncb ilrrrr 6rl'rn yrenu-
KaMu yrreHuror Xo4xu luxq4yraaz.

9ro rperuft xaluQ XoAxa fi,rxgyranu. B Ha.rare oH BocrurrbrBarlct y Inxaysann, Ho rlocre cMep-
rrllNx.qysaurl oH BocnurblBzulcr y Xogxu Anrurdu Ka6rapa. Xogxa MyxarurvlqA IIIox Eyxopu, IIIafrx
CatAuAlun luxAynanu, IIIsfix A6y Calrl Eyxaplr B Te BpeMeHa raKxe BbrpocJrrr rr Boc[r,rrr,rBiurlrcb y
Cy,rafiuaua Kapnauuu u Awueu Ka6upa.

Xol.>xa ApuQ Plrlnrapu (Maxurcafia)

9ro verneprrd xa,ruQ Xoaxu A6ayxatrr.rrara firNlygasu. Xo[xa ApuQ Pllurapu po1oM rr3 Krrurra-
xa Purrap, roroprrfr HaxoAllrct B rrrecrtr Sapcaxax or Fyxapu rr oArroro Sapcaxa He [oe3xa:r Ao lux-
AyBaHa. Xoaxa Axua4 Anxup (Datuauu, Anrup Xupaa Ba6rauu, XoAxa A-uu Apran4a6z rnrtrrorcfl cy-
Sututu BocrrrrraH Hr,nrar,r ApuQou Pznrapu.

Xoa,xca Artz Pa nturantvt

Xo[xa Asm Pauurann xanuQ XoANz Axua4a Auxup (Danrasr,r. Ero upoerutrIe 'AsusaH". OH po-
r\rlrlcfl B ceJIeHpII4 Paulrran B oKpye Eyxaprr. Arrop "Pamaxan" n csoefr pa6me flpr,rBogr{r 18 panrxa,
flplrn4tr;lexailIux repy XoAxaz Alu Pauuraull. flpuregeM HeKoropbre r,r3 Hr.rx.

Panrxa: Ornaxlrt Xuep npurrer x Xogxe lux,qyranu. Xtzparu Asu:aH crilBtrr trepeA Aoporr{M
rocreM ABe tr{MeHHbIe reuettrKrr n npocrrr ero orBeAarr nx. Ho Xurp cvgur He AorparuBarcb Ao re[e-
nrer. Torla XoAxa fkxgynaull B3Morrv.rcs.: "floveMy Bbr He ervrre, oror qrlcrbrfi (xailat) wte6, t caM B
rlore JrLIqa BbIpaULIBiur rtIMeHb, cBor{M co6crseHHrru rpy4ou". Xu:p crasan eMy B orBer: 'Xopomo, ettt
JreletrIKlt BbmoqeHbl LI3 lvfyleu qtlcTofo (xalal) tqMeHg, Ho TecTo 3aMeIII[BilI geJIoBeK, ue conepnrurmrafi
oMoBeHlte (raxopar), E rlooroMy HaM He cJreAyer ecrr rarofr xrr.f"z,
Kax crasaHo s "Pauax:ar"3, Xerzpa;tu Asus H (Xoa4a Anu Pawnrauu) 6nat cotspeMeHuuKoM, Apy-
rou, co6ecegHl4KoM 14 eAHHoMrIIITJTeHHI{KoM Carqa ara - I,rMeHvrofo rLJreHa rapuKara "ficcalnr". Cafrul
ara [pl{Bo3ul r Eyxapy cBoeMy Apyry n eAr{HoMbrrnneHHlrKy rocrr{Hrlbr us KflnqaKcroi Creuu ([aurrr,l
KuuqaK).
Ha npuuepe 4pyx6u Xoqxa Anu Pauntanrn (Xa:paru Aszsau) u CauSa ara, Mbr BuAuM xax 6rrrrz
TecHo B3aLIMocBx3aHbI TapvKarst "'fccasur" Lr "HaKm6angv5" 14 BHoBb y6exgaenrcr B dluzocrw ropuefr
,uByx BeJrI{KItx peJrrtnto3Hblx rlrrHap Typrecraua. Taryro 6nr.rsocrl Mox(Ho [poc.nernrb r,r B trocneAyroulux
BEK.l)(.

t_
<Pautaxant>. Cmp 29
"^<,PaweJlqm>. Cmp. 36
' <<Pewqxatn>. Cmp. 37

15
 Xogxa Xupa[, XoAxa ll6paxru, XoAxa Myxavruag Ka.na4ye, XoAxa Myxauuqg Xauarx, Xorxa
Myxauuau Eauapu z XoAxa Myxaurrlaa 5a6au Cavacn - cyQuu u3 fiocreAonare:refi Xasparu Asusaua
(Xogxa Arn Panaurauu).

Xoloxa Myxamman, Ea6au Can'y,racu

9ror 6laroponnufi qeroBeK oArIH r,r3 3HaMeHr{rbrx xaluQor X:dsparu As[saua. On pogzlcr B Knrrr-
nare Caivracu s PaMuraue. Or xuurnara Ciuracr,r go Byxapu paccrolrHrre B Tprr llnap'bv. Morzna Ba6apt
Cauacu HixoAI{Tcr raM )r(e, rAe oH poluncs r.e. B K}rrrrJrare Cauacu.
Kar rouoprr, Xa:parz A:ra:an (Xouxa A,ru Pavruranz) npegnu.qr cBoro cMeprb, rro3BaB orHoro r,r3
cBollx rlru6raurrx xarusor - Xo,qxy Myxauu4qa Ea6a, na^:uavqr ero xannQou Ha cBoe Mecro, a ocrarrb-
HbIM yrIgIIUKilM IIplIKaBarr lo[IlnHflTbcrl 9My.
Xarparz AslrsaIr fiepeA xanzQauu orAe;rbHo 3aBerrlzur Xogxe Myxauua4y Ea6a: 'B reqeurrfl Ao-rrrHX
ner ff rlyt.[ cssrofr sarlax B Kymrn Xuuayraue. Bor yxe rpr{ Arrf,, KaK oror cgtrofr 3allil( criur 6laro-
yxarb cIrJIbHee, f anarr, rITo Ha etoft csmofi seNllte poArrrcr cunnntrfr 14 MoryIuecrseHurtft crm. ]ro g
)EHilII rI3 orxporenufr [ocelqaBrrrux MeHr. Tenepr groMy cbury, Boreii fuuraxa BceMoqElero, ucrloJrHu-
Jlocb rplr 4nx. Ilpztrru ero Myxavrna4l Ea6a rar cBoero crrna. ?I c errrx lop "Kynrxu XungyooH" Aa
6yqer na:unarca "Kacpr'r Apu$an". C srrrrvru cJroBaMr,r oH rrepeAaJr rpexllHeBHoro il,LraneHua Xolxe My-
xaMMa[y Ra6au Caruacn. XoArra Myxarrruag Ba6a uonoxr{B o.qHy pyry ce6e Ha rpyAb, Apyrofi r;zr^rr M]ra-
AeIrUa u o6paqanct x co6panrrvwcg., cKa3iul: "9Tor MTIaAeHeII - cblrl, Koropofo MbI AoJrro xlalu. .fl
trpunrlMaxl ero, KaK cBoero pe6eura. ,{a ne 6yxy s uyxvltuofr, ecnr.r Aorlyqy onrr.r6ru B ero Bocrruranvv.
u o6yrennn!"1.
9rnM.IrlcrrtM II HeBr{rrHbIM MJI4r{eHqeu 6nur 6gyuuft Xogxa Faxayggnu Harur6ang, ro ecrr XoA-
xau 6y:pyr. AraK, rpex,qHeBHbrM N[rlq4eHueu XoAxau 6y=pyr 6rur ycsruos,'reu Ba6au CaMacu, uo 3aBery
XoaNu A-uu P'arrauraHrr, v 6rn uu BcKopMrreH rn Br,rparrlen.
Y.reHHxaMr,I Xo4xlr Myxaur"r44a Ea6az Cauacra cql{T.uorc{ XoAxa CyQu Cyxapx, XoAxa MaxMyA
Cauacz, Manrrono flanumuau4, Cafifrl,z4 Aunp Kylal.

Caitirur Al.llup K]gnal^

9ro o4ru II3 caMbIX JIyrI[rI4x u ilpelnotrlraeMblx ) reHr,rKoB XoAxz Myxanruaga Ba6aw Cauacn,
)aocroeHHbli, znaHnc "cafritul". PoAr.Incl u Wep B Kr{[Lrrar(e Cyxapu, Byxapcxofr o6nacrrn.
Ou 6rul ropureqnlrKorrl (rcyron). Kar nunrercr r 6uorpa$uu Cafrftwa Arraupa Kynana, ero Marb ro-
Bopl4na: "Korga fl, Hocvra ero rIoA cepArleM, rax,qrd pa3 nocJle yuorpe6nenur MHoro ranofr-nu61ar
nnoxofr ur?I coMHI{TemHorl lrlrtrrl{, B xr.rBore flof,B.rls.[acb cr,rrrbHat 6onr, npuvznofi roroporo 6rrn pe6e-
HoK B xLIBore. floc-rre ororo, Ao pox.qeHLlt Moero pe6enra, fi. crura 6epevr ce6r nepeg xaXAoft eyortr"z.
B reqesuu 2O ter Cafritu Avrnp Kynar HenpspbrBno xorrrJr rr3 KrrrrrJraKa Cyxapn B Kr.rrurar Caua-
crl, Mex(Ay III{MLI paccro-sHr,re n 2 uaxapurua (2 ru.), r Xo1xe Myxaurra4ay Ea6av. Ilepenrn y Hero 3Ha-
HHs. E BocrrrrrarrHbtit uM, Caitliul Arr,rup Kylar AocTr{r 6onrnrr,rx Bbrcor B } {eHLr[ CyQusua rr [pr{3brBiur
Hapol Ha nyrb ucrunsuft. Kar crasaHo s '?anaxar", c ero rrMeHeM HerlocpeAcrBeHHo cBr3aHa pnropl,r-
Ka, )AreHrre 3rrKpa, cynyK TaprlKaraXasparn XoAxa EaxayrArana3.
Y Caftitam Auupa Kyrara 6ruro ueruepo crnrorefi tr qerbrpe xastaQa, BrrocJreAcrBr{u qrrcJro ero
yqentrKoB AocrlnrJro 114. O 6uorpa$uu Caiiitula Auupa Kylala Aarorcr uo,'rHbre cne4emur^. Avrzp Xanr-
sa u Aulrp Bypxan 6rr,tn crrrroBriflMul Auupa Kyrarra u Bocrrnrarrnr Xa:paru Eaxayggltrou Harnr6anlou.
Manrono Xlrcavryr4gur IIIaml -Fyxapn, Mannono Kavranl4rulH Maft4auu, Ea6a IIIafrx My6apax Eyxaplr,
Aunp IIrn1, {vsp Vuap, Mauono Apu$ [urrapanu r{rKx(e cqr{rarurcr 3rraMeHrlrbrMtr yqeHuK:lMtr
Cafriruta Avrupa Kynana.
Manlono Apy.l.Q Ar.lrrapasz
MasroHo ApuQ .{urrapanu 6rrsnrr,Iri BropbrM yqeHr{KoM Cailntlzq Aunpa Kynana, poAfircs ll 1n,rep B
[rrrapan na 6epery A6u Kyxor n fiyxapcrofi o6nacru. 9ror rlrnuraK Hil(o[Ercs. s 3-
KTIIITJIaKe
Qapcaxax (55 ru) or liyxapu.

l^oPa >. Cmp. 4t-42

' <Pa >. Cmp. 4-)
' ,rPa >. Cmp. 43
t6
 Ctitfil:aa Auup Kynan BcerAa c 6olrruoi ropAocrbxr )irBepx.qaJr, rrro cpelfl ero yqeHEKoB ABa xzuu-
Qa - Mauouo ApuQ ,(urrapanu u Xogxa Baxa;[Anu Harnr6aug 3aHuMiuor oco6oe Mecro r.r Apyrrre He
Moryr cpaBHI,IrLcs c erHMI{ IByMs. 3navur, ApuS flr.lnapanv 6rul raruu -x(e, MJApbrM cy{lleu u yqeHr,rM
Mbrcrr,rre;reM, rcar Xa:paru EaxalgAlru Harm6aul.
fonoplr, rITo oAHaxAbI, c rop B KHIIIJIaI( flurrapan colreJr ceJrb rr yctrnr4&afrclr, Ito IryrIa Harlan pa3-
pyllrarb )IepeBHrc. Cpe4n xllreleri KI{IrrJraKa Harrarlacb rrarrr{Ka r{ cyr{aroxa. II rorla Mannono AputD
[nrrapanu dpocnucr Ea caMoe oflacnoe Mecro Ha rryru ceflr c KpHKoM: '.Efi, 6ecuotrIaAHoe Hecrlacrlre,
cB€fJIl4BIIreect Ha roJIoBy HapoAa, ecJrr{ TbI TaK cItJIbHo, - Bo3bMIr Ment!"r. Moquuft u yxacnrrfi rloroK
BHe3auHo ocraHoBl{Jlcfl. Tar .{urrapaHr.r crac HaceJreHr{e KrrruraKa, Manrono ApuS He pin coBeprrral
TaKtre qyleca u o6nerqan xga3Hb HapoAa, B pe3yJrbrare qero o6pen 6olruroe
),tsilKeHr{e cpeln HapoAa.
Mauono Anazp AmpaQ Byxapu, Auup I/txrutpwpgttH [urrapauu, IIIa;ftx .f7pap KacpyHr.r, IIIafrx
[xauatlyuun .{exxanu, IIIafix Myxauuaa XaruQa, Auup Ka,ran Barrtr, IIIafix CaWmt-II]aMcyAA}rH
Ky.la,r 6nutlt conpeMeHHltKaMu, co6ecegHldKarvrLr Eaxalglnua Harnr6asra a aweHurrbrMr.r yqeHr,rKal4r,r
Cafrirug Auupa Kyra,ra.
Haupuuep, Cafifiua IIIauc)EAnn Ky,rarr 6rur gyxonnbrM rracraBHunou Arnlllpa Teuypa rr ero orrra,
Auupa Taparar. Huxe MbI rIprrBOArrM rrprrMep, rroKillbrBarcrqufi ornonrenur Auupa Teulpa r'r ero orlla c
oAHr'rM ug IrIafi xos Har<ur6anAltq IrIafr xorrr Irlavrclflrlrnolr Kylarou.
B amo6uorpa$uz Anaupa Tevryrpa [puBeAeH paccKiu o cHe ero orrla, naxnrtfi rJUr ero lanrueftrnefi
X[I3HI'I' "B uonoAoctt4, fl. cltbrraJr paccKiB Moero orqa Auupa Taparar o6 ero )AHBI{TenbHoM cIIe:
"O.qnalqgrI, rlo Bz,[y uoxoxllft ua apa6a uolo.qoti qe.rroBeK rronolreJr Ko MHe v Aan Meq. -fl rsrr
Meq, B3MaxHyn rrM L TorAa or 6lecra KJruHKa MI4p crar rptre.
-f, cnpocru y IIIaftxa Illaucylglrua Kylara o6t.flcHenue Moero cna. IIIafrx Illaucygun Kyrar cra-
3ail, qro uofi cou yAlIBLITeneH, Ir qro Arr-nax rroAapl{r MHe cbrHa, roropufi. troKop}tB Becb cBer., rreper€-
Aer Bcex B IrcJraM, o6noszs ur.rp, pa:6yarr or reMHoro cHa.
cos uofi oKiurzurcr BerrIr{M: 736 royy (1336) Aurax A,ur MHe re6{, cbru Moft".
IIIafix lllauclflgun Kyrar rIo3AHee crarr AyxoBHbrM HacraBHzrorra Auzpa Teuypa.z
Ecru paccrcBbl o roM, KaK Cartfiul Illzucyg4un Kyaarr orrrpaBaJrcr rtelrKoM us Kapuru r XuAxas
Ha n:uroMHrrqecrBo. B Xra4xase oH yrr[ncr r.r Bocrll{TbrBurcg, y BeJIrrKr{x yrreHblx Ir rvfyAperloB, TilM rrpu-
o6pe.rr Mnox(ecrBo snaultit, Bepnynct u Manepannaxp fi criur pac[pocrpaHrrb rr lporraraHAtrpoBarb grr{
znarua. Ou rarxe 6rrrr corpeueHHl{KoM, erIrHoMr,rIIrJIeHHI,IKoM rz co6eceAuurou XoAxu Myxaw4[a
E axaygAnu a Haxur6 asAa.
B Aausoft trocJleAoBareJrbuocrll cy$zen ecrb raK)Ke 5r.renufr rto riMeuu MasJroHo Baxayrrutn Kuur-
laru. Sror yveurrfi 6rur orqrauorr,r ApuQa [urrapanu r4 B rcHocrr{ Xo4xa Baxa16[un Harm6anl yqurct
y Hero 3HartnfrM xaAr,rca.
06 yYeur.max I4 rlocJleAoBareJlf,x Cairiawa Avrapa Ky:ra,ra llrt uogpo6no paccKiDKeM, HaqrrH,rs c
Xa:par 6axay4guua Harn6asAa, B cre4yroqeM pasAeJre.

EAXAYAAI4H HAKIIIEAHA

Iztcropus. usy,leld;un ldlactte^;us Harcru6antta

Vvennte-cyQlreBelbr 3ala,qa u Bocrora eA[IHornacHo yrBepxqalor, rrro IIeHHrIM r{crorrHr,rKoM, I&ro-
trII{M BcecropoHlrlietl florHbre cBeAeHur o EaxagAltue HaKm6aHAe r{ ero yr.enlrra, -tBJIteTcr TpaKTar
'?atrIaxar afin-yl-xarr" ("Kaurl4 IlcroqHr,rKa xr,r:nla") npr,rH4rurexaqufi uepy xillBrrrero n fepare crrua
I.r3BecrHoro ) reHoro Borasa KonruQu, tDaxpng4lna Atn Xycafru ut-Bous ar-Kanru$u, r,r3Becrnoro noA
[ceBAoHr'IMou ac-CaQu (L463-1531). Pyronucurle n neqarHbre Korruu eroft padorbr Ha rrepcr4AcKoM,
TyperIKoM, ye6excroll LI TarapcKoM t3brKax xpaHrrcr B KpylrHbrx Qougax pyronucurrx KHHI. If, raxx",

I-
oPawaxam". Cmp. 50
" AwpaQ Axuedoe "Auuy Teivyp xaUmudazu axoil,u6 nattea.tap sa yHuH? eapo[tu6 m.ywnqpu". X(ypNan "Cupnu
onail"'. Ns8-92 z. Cmp. 32. Coxu1rcupony A"uupy Teuypy a cepeduue ,ro xisuu dyxoeuwu HacmdnHuKot+t 6wn
sua-neuumt'tit LIIa[tx us "XorcaeoH"a A6y Earcp fafia1adu, a 6 Koutre ezo nar3Hu Mup Cailfiud Eapa.rca. us Andxoa.

L7
B llHcrr.rryre BocroKoBeAeHnr prMeHu A6y Pafixana Eepylrr Pecny6.uuru Ys6erucraH, ecrb HecKoJIbKo
ronnft eroro rpynat.
HeBecrHo, uro tllafrx IOcyQ Xau4lanu gyxorurrfi u ulefrumir oreu rapllKaroB "flccaBvfr" 14
"Harm6anqu-fl", noropufi Harril,r rrpol.faHAupoBarb v pacrlpocrpansrb s XI BeKe cyQufrcro-
MucrurlecKlre rr AyxoBHbre )^IeHrrtr r Xopacane u Mauepaunaxpe, uue,n 6o.uee 700 u:secrnblx yqeHI'lKoB
(xa:luSon), Aocrr{rmrlx crerreHrr narul. B uocJre4yroqeM BeKe oHu paclpocrplul,IJlrl yrleHue Xal,ralagn uo
BceMy IrcJIaMcKoMy vrupy. Ho s "Pamaxar" Aalorct rIoJIIrhIe cBeAeHIIt JIEIIIr o rlerblpgx lnaBnbrx yrleHu-
rax IOcyQa XauaAanr,r - XoAxe A6tyuax Eapparu, XoAxe Xacane Angaru, XoAxe AxnaaAe flccavu n
XoD<c A6uyxanzre lux,Iyrann.

Harnr6aru pogirrncfl n 1318 roAy B KnrrrlraKe Kyruru Xun4yaan 6nus Eyxaprr. floglnee,6tarogapt
Harur6an4y, oror KrrruJraK Harrzur Hzl3brBarbcr "Kacpu ApuQan". Vuepurufr 7354 rouy cyQufi XoAxa
Myxauinral Ea6au Cauacu fionyqaer [peAcKruaHrLe o poxAenuu EaxayM[IHa B KI{IlrIaKe Kyuru XUHAy-
san. Drot uy4peq-cyQufi ycunoau.ser Mafleubrcoro EaxayA,Uwna. flepeg cMeprbrc oH flspelaer ero cBoeMy
yqeHr.rKy Cafifiugy Auupy Kynary, ra ronrrfi BaxayAAr,lt pacrer H yqwrcs y erono yqeHoro cyfrr,B Ha-
ca$e (Kapurn) Cafifiut Arvrup Kyna,r yvnr Baxayur.rHa HoBoMy cuoco6y 3uKpa - cnoco6y "Xy$ut".
llsnecrno, rrro Ao ororo rrpeo6la[ara rpoMKar (xaxp) rpopraa 3I,IKpa. I{uenno rrocJle ororo, crzlll
rrpr{Merurtbcr cuoco6 u3 yrreHr.r{ Harm6aHAur - ilocrl4xegus. 6ota 6ermywno, MoJIqa, r ce6e (xulrar),
roropufi Ha3brBaercr aurp xyQua.
flocneAosarenb rapuKara Harnr6anAur Anuurep Harou Irumer r cnoefi pa6ore "Hacorau yl-
Myxa66ar" o6 yueunu SaxayAluna Harur6anAa: 'Eue c[pocI,IJrI{ rtx, AIrs qero Brttrr rapurar? Orterviru,
6nllt, ruxr,ru n co6pauun: cHapyxor c HapoAoM, Bu)"tpu c Artrtaxou... ll crazattu, Hatrt rapllKar - 6eceAa,
H cJraBa B ye[flHeHllu, a 6era B cJraBs, ao6po s o6trlecrBe, a o6tr1ecrBo n 6ecege, c ycnoBI,IeM, qro oI{lI
He BpeAsr Apyr Apyry, - ecJII{ sce 6yuyr 6eceAosarr Apyr c ApyroM, B oroM MHoro 4o6pa-'2.
Y.rurenb rr npyr Alraruepa Harou, roroprrfi BBeiI ero r 6parcrno Harur6anlux XVI BeKe - A6Iy-
paxMan ,{xaun, BbIcoKo oueHnBaJI Harur6anla cKa3.ur: "l/Aap uaneceHuHfi na fcpu6 u Eotxo, B Kouue
KoHrIoB 6rul saueceu r Eyxapy''3.
Kar yrnepxlan E.S.FepreJrbc, Haxm6auA go6pononnuo BcIo cBolo xflt3Hb [poBeJr s 6eAuocru. Ou
mo6ran xzrr isofiM TpyAoM, Bce qro uMe:r orAaBirJr crrpor:rM, repx(zulc.f, rloAaIlbme or rtpaBl,ITeneft. Ecrr
r4lnTepacHas. llcropns B KHrlre A6yn Myxcuua Myxauun4 Eorupe u6s Myxavnrla[ Alll "Marouarr Ha-
r1r6anA". Offrax.uu uq[Hrrrax lepara Manlm Xycafin rro3BzIJI r ce6e B mcrlt Ha [I,Ip Eaxayuuua Ha-
rur6au,4a. Xort Harm6anA xoten noHarlary orKa3arbcg, Ho rlo [puqI,IHaM He 3aBuceBtrrI,IM or nero 6nut
BbrHyxAeH rroirru r1aa. flpnfrM Tyila, oH BprAr.rr rlocraBrlenHr'Ie rrepeA gllt'l 6;rrc[a lI cJra,qocrll Tbrcflqv
coproB. Harnr6aul cIIAHT 6erpaeruuro, He Aorpafl{Bascb IIo eArI. VA[BneIrIrbIfr rralutIlax, cHoBa I{ cHoBa
rlpelJraraer orBelarb rymauufr, uo Harm6aHI Hnqero HtI ecr. flocne ororo rra,quurax HecKoJIbKo pa3-
.qpaiKerrgo c[paur{Baer y Harcur6aura rtpla.ruHy ero orKil]a. Haroneq, Harur6anu BbIHyxqeE 6rru orse-
rurr: '.f He eM co croJla rra,qr{[Iaxa, rroror,fy 9To Bce Ha HeM Ao6uro HerIpaBeAHbIM rlyreM, oHIr He co3-
IaHr,I TpIAOM rl4ruItrIaxa, a 3HaqXT He flBT'IOTC.S qUCTbIMH (xa.rtal)..."*.
B XIV BeKe rrorBrlBtrreecr n Cpegnefr A:r.ru yleuue 6parcrra Haxrr6axAut Haq.IIro vepe: AQranu-
cran npougKarb B Hn1uro v rpyrue ucJr McKLre crpaHbl Bo npeueua 3axupa,q.quna Myxanau4ga Ba1ypa
(1483-i530) z nocrre Hero B XVI-XVI BB. oror rrpoqecc yclanilBurcs. Vqenne Harnr6arrAa Haqlrxaer
cBoe pa:lBrrrr.re s PIHAuu rrocJre upu6rrrux ryla B XVI sere Xonxu Myxauu44a arr-Baxn Ka6ynu (Wep
1605 roay). ?ror ylenrfir cypuft rr3BecleH r A$ranzcralre eqe nar 'XoAxa Earu6rumd'. A XoAxa

1
Panaaxamailnyrxaiim. Llue.3503. Jlumozpafuua. JIarcuae. 1890 Bo ttsdexanue noomopevue 6ydennucamt
"Pawaxam" Cmp. maxaa-mo". ctedyem omilemumb, ltllo do cux nop, Jutro?ue cnequ(utucmu nymapfn omqa c
cutTow. "Pawaxam" 6otn x,anucan cuHo.tut - tDaxpudduruou Ac-CaQu, xomopttti, KaK u e?o omeq Bous KoutuQu
xun e fepame u 6wn yueuaKoJ+r ,[xa*tu, B emo.tr uccnedoeanuu trclJt4w 6ottu t,tcnonrcoeaHb, rconuu emort pyKonucu
ua Qapcu, ys6erccrcou, myperyKoi4 u mamapcKott n3uKax.
" Aiuutep Houor. Acapnap W mott. Towrceum, F.Fynon rwuudaea 6aduuil ada6u4rn ruauupuEmu. 1968, 131-132
6emtap (ua ys6.)
3
B-3oxudoe. Ynye utoup uxoduuute rgan6u. Cmp. 340 ..
a
Eaxayddun Eanoeapdau. Taun+e.nm, tr4gdamenocmeo "Esyauu" - "Xasuua", 1993. Cmp' 7I
18
Axua{ @upy Clrpxuu4u (1563-1624) cnrpal BiuKHyrc porlb B pacrpocrpaHenuH yqeHus HaKilGaHluf, r
XVII eexe.
Myxaul,ra4 Xonruu Kznruzfi, poymwnufict, r AQranCrou EalaxUrane, B cnoefr p
MaKoMar" IrpHBgJr MnoxecrBc paccKa3oB o cBoeM HacraBHHKe AxuaAe Crapxraugu-
XoAxa Axua[ Cupxllugu 6r,u e Jlaxope, KorAa raM cBupencrBoBzulli roJIoA It 3ac1xa. B esar corIyBcrBI'It
roJroAaroruuM, oH olKa3zulct ecrb. Korla K HeMy rrpllHocaJrl{ pa3JruqHble 6lnna, oH crporo crot Ha cBo-
eM LI roBopllr: "Korga Ha ynuue Wupaxlr or roiroAa, [epBI,Im Ire Mot(er ecrb pa3[plqHrIe lclsa''. VI s3qs
trpltroroBrrolluylo nJIt Hero eAy, pa3[aBaJI rologarouzut.
pgreilrLas, r,r AyxoBHaf, cnrsi Cpeguefr Aauu c I/rnplz'Leit s XVII BgKe coBepluallocb rlepe3 IIIafrxoB
Harru6anur r LtcMavrrruros. CaMn IIIafixn cBoro [etreJrbHocrb Bblrlonrrulrr qep93 troAp] IHbIx AepBrlllleu-'
Kpynnrrfi lrpeAcraBurarr Cyrpusrrla n kln1uu Xonxa Axuag Qapyr Cnpxnu4l B cBoe BpeMt rlocra-
p orpoMHoe n llunuu, XoPaca-
H Agllz' flo auI'rJI Ao'IIrrHa 6gna
I,I yrc ponl- B
B rarofi - 6li crpaue ucraMcKoro Mrrpa He xrnJru orlt IIIafixu Ir AyxoBHbIe orubl, onn 6tutu B Tec-
sofi crx:u [pyr c lpyroM. Jlnqrnan cBq3brBaBrrruMrr ktx 6ruru uo.qp] IIIrIe AepBmIu. flepuuuu qacro c
pyKorlr{cHbrMr{ Kullrutt,lfl, yKa?auv-flMr,r ,qyxoBHbrx HacraBHLrKoB Ii nucbMaMl4 B pyKax, 6poluna I{3 crparlbl
B crparry. IIo uogcueravr QpanqyrcKoro flyreilecrBeHHlrKa Tarepnn, s XVII BeKe q[IcJIo raKI'IX AepBu-
meft s rrcJraMcKoM MI{pe [peBbIIII:uIo 8000004.
I4srecrHo, qro rollbKo orregD MzuleHbKzrs qacrb I,I3 grtlx Ml{oroqucreHHrlx gepsr,Inrefr x(rrJru ollpele-
JrerrHo B oArroM ropoAe, s o6urern y cBoero IITaixa, ocriulbnoe 6onrmunsrso suilaoft u JreroM 6po4mo
rro crpaHaM MycyJrbMaHcroro Boctoxa. B uecrnx cBoero upe6rrranra-r oHr{ BbI[oJrHtnI{ yKaialnvfl' cBfkrx
AyxoBHbrx HacraBHr.rKor. Y aQrauqeB Ao crrx lop 6uryer nocroBrlua "lllaitx xyAilrx HerrruflapaI, MYP4-
xaflm Ml,rflapoHaua", ("IIIaiix caM He ireraer, ero Hocr{T MypI,IA"), Korop{If, oqeBuAHo .qomna c rex AaJre-
Krrx BpeMeH.
Eue oluu aQrancrrafi yveulfi cyQufi Myxarvrvr4g u6n Kacuu au-Hy'unra al-Balaxnru n 1622 royy
s VInArav rro 3a,UaHHro r,r3BecrHbrx lllafixos Haxur6auglr Myxaurvraga Earcu (Earu6usma) u Xogxu Ax-vra-
ga @apyxa Cupxuayu co3AaIr rpyn "HacraMar yn-Kylc" ("'.[yRorelrl{e cBtrocru"). B oroft pa6ore AaEbI
nHTepecnbre cBeAeHtrs o xrl3nn [r AeflTenbrrocru cyQuen Harrr6au.q" ;y-XVII BB- xirIBIIIIrx n Cperyefi,
Azuu, Xopacane, klugmu u Bocrocuou Typrecrane. B uepnofi rrtane sroft KrvtrrmK paccKa3blBasrct o
Mawrouo IIOI) II,IB Wer:,anvfr Xaspara
MasJroHo
Kar 6ur Yrute'nem Xa'rParn 46-
AypaxMaua [xarvru. floclegnnfi, repeHrB y Kamrapra ceKperbl Haxnr6anlur, n XV BeKe crail Kpy[HblM
Illafixou ororo yrreHux n fepare. Morurnu Ca'gag4vna Kaurrapu u A6gypaxuaHa ,flxauu Io cux IIop
Hzxo.qtrc.f, B rrpoxJra,quoit relr'u AepeBbeB s6;rzsu lepara. 9ro uecro rurs aSlaHIIeB cquraerct oAHItM I'I3
n lepare.
curMbrx rroquraeMblx
Hrax, no.ragnur"ecs r XIV sere n Cpe1nefr Aauu 6parcreo HaKur6aHIIrlr, B TeqeHuu XV-XVII ee-
KoB paclpocrpaHurrcfl n l4pane, A$rauracraue, Typ[uu, V[lnlinu, BocrocuoN,I Typr<ecrane, Kaerase n
rpyrux MycynbMaHcKrrx crpiuiD(, Lrrpu BiuKrryro poilb B o6qecrsesHo-tloJlllTlrqecrofi u rynrtypuoft
xu3Err HapoAoB 9TLrX CTp:tH
OAnaro cneAyer cKa3arb, rITo rlo rIoBoIy Harur6auAus, HaIIII{ yrleHble lrMeror pa3rlrrlHble, Ilopoll
nporl,rBorrorroxHbre MHeH[r. V'Ieuurc Harur6aulz.s, ero poJIII s o6ulecrBeHno-rroJrlrrl'Iqecxofr I{ Kynbryp.-
noft xttsHl{, y Hac He gemercr AoJrx(Horo BHr4MaHrrr; oIIo He vsys.aercfl BcecropoHHe B cBeTe rlgropfin
Apyryx rapqKaroB r CyQusr"re Bocrora. Bce erqe aKTyaIIbIrbr c:rosa A.H.EongrIpera orHocrlTeJlbllo He-
r,r3yrregHocru raprrKara Harm6anAus z CyQusvra soo6Ee: "Tapuxar Haxn6asAut Bce elqe ocraerct He
I{3)AeHHbrM, aierral.crrbHo 6nuo 6rr usyvut yreulre naxur6anAz.s rny6xe, BcecropoHlre, B cpaBuelanvr c

t Xodxa Myxa,vuad Xauruttt. Kuwuail. jy6dam-an-uaHoilam. LIue. M 2936 I4B AH Pye' Cmp. 38
2
t
Lf .fopdou-Ilonoucrcan. MycyntuaucKae meqeru4fl e o6u4ecmeeutto{t. xusuu Hudau u llarcucmana. 1963. Cmp. 37
K.A.Aumotnea Ouepxu o1uqecmeeuuux omHouteH.uil. u notumuqecKo?o cmpofl Moueonocrcoil Hn'duu zpeileH
Arcdapa (1 556-1605), 1952. Crnp. 200
o
K.A.Anmoruos. Tatn xe. Cmp. 180
' Hacuuam ytr-Kyde nB AH Pys. I'Ine. M 635 u 388. II' 406, 4Ia-
79
 ApyrllMr4 eperI4rIecKo-orIo3I,IqI{oHHbIMI,I ABLrx(errr4{MLr rroAo6HEIMu eMy, ,upyfl,IMl{ TaplrKaraMtr tr TerIeHIu-
MI{ rrMeBrrruMlr Mecro B Lrcroprrrr Vlcr^ava,,l .
Vqenze Harur6an4lls urpaer BiuKnyro ponb
HapoAoB Cp"lueri Azun, Cpenuero u Emaxuero
TpyAa, AapMoeAcrBo, o6lqecrueHHoe 3JIo, u4T
)
ororo yqeHl,rr 6mu uporraB acKer[3Ma, rrporr.rB
TPYAa, 3a cqer cBoI'IX pyr. Vvenue He 3aupelqa)to 3uE "rr4l- topronnefi,
peMecJleHur,rqecrBoM, seMJleneJrv-
eM, xyAoxecrneuuoft Jlltrepar)?ofi, vry:uroi, nayroft-upocneqenrerra,'SunocoQneit, apxtnnrypofr,
ApyrrIMI'I upoQeccuruu. .(axe B HeKoropblx cryrurf,x rlrtrpe r{Hlep[per[pyfl rrocrynarbr
,
nopu, Konerzx-
ToBarIz c rreKoropbrMr,r p4ALtK:lJrbHbrMr{ rrpeAcraBureJurMrr flo
Ayxosencrsa. unenuro B.il.daxuoia, s
xrr3HglrrloMr KynbryptrI, [o.flMeHI4rI IIoeToB BocxBa[tIoUIIx KpacoTbl rI
uroau Mup srtofi lertc B enoxy ---Jr- n
J Telvrypa -- reMyprlron,
--'' rapurar Ha-
rrn6arur.rr u Boe 11oilox Htter.
x+*
3recl p$r xorPIM oco6enno no4po6no ocraHoBrrrb ca Ha vcropkrv :z3yrcHvfl Haxnr6angu-r. Cyqecr-
Byer Macca MarepltzuloB Ha ory relrly. MrI xe xorI,IM l4cuoJlbgoBarb ruanlr
uav6oJree BilKHbre r43 Tex. Ko-
Topbre ecTb y Hac B HzrIrIIqI,II'.
Vqerrue H
crolr Corose.
A.H.Eorryrrpen
cBeAeHr.rr o rapr.rKare Harnr6auArar.
1pon, A.M.EaxalqAun, M.paxa6or, A.A$caruo4,
bre AaHHbre o Eaxay4grane Harur6alrae u ero xcl3Hu.
eK, I4.M.Myrmnor, B.kI.3oxugor, I{.O.Cylronon,
M.M.XafipyrJraer, A.pycrauon, A,.X.XafturMeroB,
o .(xauu u Hasou Arulr{ rreKoropbre cBeAenux o6
a rBopqecrBa Be.[r{Koru uosra" u Myco pagxa6ora
V sexa" paccKa3blBaerct o n<Ir3rrl{ v 1ef,ITenbftocrrl
ax Haxur6ala4vt, \poflcntg nx [ocpeAcrBoM ocuoB
MtrpoBo:speHzr A6aypaxuana lxarrau u A-tumepa Hasou.
Kpoue roro' Hqno cKa3arb, rITo rlocJre uprro6perenr4fl He3aBvct4Mocrr,r naurefi pecny6lzru B Teqe-
HIrIt KOpOTKOTO npoMexyrKa BpeMeHI,I, Halrrr{ yrleHble v fincarelru, IJrfl. yAOBIterBOpeHIr.r orpoMHoro
I{H-
-AyxoBHoMy rracJleAulo, co3AarcT rreKoTopble cTartbLr)
e,
yqeHr.r.flx flccasnfl. u Harru6anlm.
eAeHHflX B KoTopbrx laroTcs HeKoTopbre cBeAeHns o
nuu Harur6au1tLts, ero [paBr{,JIa H reHezuoruu.
o [oKa Ha3Barb oKoJro 30 4octouepHhrx r,IcroqHuKoB
o )KI{3HII' Ae.srerbHocrH, )AeHuIr Eaxalqguua Harnr6anga rl o caMbrx KpyrrHbrx rrpeAcraBr,rrerf,x ero yqe-
nils. Erz pa6oru Haq.uu trtlcarb c XV-XVI BeKoB B pa3rurrHblx r{craMcKl{x crpaHax, Terrepb oHn xpa-
llrz Vs6exucras. Cauue Ba]KHbre cperur HI,rx, oro

Ma.

'
I
pa3 K sonpocy o Xodwe Axpape. B
tt 6 nepuod Qeodatusrva". Mocrcea,
.MHeHue B.A.fopdteecKoeo o npozpeccunHol4 sHaHeHuu
Qopue u ttecmHo-ilt eude e cmpauai Bocmorca, npounoeo 6eQq ox^daeHHbrx aHnr.trKolouuanwtort 6opt6oil.; "8 XIX
cmp .iltup, 6 omaern ycuJlu_
KUJC eHau otn Xudxasa. do
a, aoanrnaPOOArIHO?O K Jl4eClnHUJtt ycllO$UflJti
tr'It6parunue cot4uHeHw. 3-mou, 1962. Cmp.
2
Boxud 3axudoe. Ynye woup uxoduuuuz ryat6u. Cntp. 342

20
 Korna peql 3axoAur o caMbrx KpyrrHbrx rrpeAcraBnTeJurx raprrKara Harur6aHAu-s-XolxaraH, cJre[yer
ylloMf,Hyrb raKl{x yrIeHbIX cyQzen, xax ITIafix Wr-mp{yx IOcyS Xauq4auu, Xolxa A64yxanvr filxAy-
nanu, E'axayyguu Harrr6arul, XoAxa Mlarauual llapca, Xorxa Atayyiltn Amap, Manrrono 9rxy6 9ap-
xu, Xogxa Axpap Butu, A64ypaxuau ,{xanau, Maxgyulr Al:au, Xogxa Xuganry.n:ra (Adpar Xouxa).
B saqane groro BeKa raKr{e pyccKlre } reFlbre BocroKoBelbr, KaK Kasaucrufi, fop4lcncxufi, Eap-
roJIbE, B.srruu r.r Ce[4eHos npu6rrn n Cpelnroro Asuro (Typrecran), ncecropoufle a rnforo usyv.urur
xH3Hb IIapoAa Kpzu rd ocraBr{Jrr,r HecKorbKo llerrHbrx rrpot43BeAenufi. OIuu n3 Hr{x, A.Kasaucrrru s 1905
r. rr3AaII Ha pyccKoM t3brKe r Cauapxanae KHfiry - 'Cy$u:u c rorrKlt 3perr.nfl. coBpeMsHuofr uclrxouaro-
ron4r4". B erofr KHI{re oH rIpIrBoAIrr vpesruvarZHo BuuKHbIe r,I IIeHHbIe MarepI,Ia,TIbI o CyQurue, ero Kpy[-
seftmux rpeAcraBllre:rrx (Mancyp Xanna4x, V[6u Apa6v., lxututylyun $ura, Illaxa6ygAran Cyxparap-
,q[), trpaBurax-Tpa.qvllvtx cytrIecrByrcrqr4x B pasJrlrqHbrx rapr4Karilr, TaKr{x sar, 3rIKp: crttraab il 4pyrue,
Hanpuuep, o 3I{Kpe [pill(TrlKoBilrrleMcr r XIX BeKe, B rrr[poKo pac[pocrpauerHbrx n Eyxape cyQnfr-
cKEX raPllKarax, A.Ka:aucrufi. rrr4cur ocHoBbrBzrrcr ua pa6ore H.B.Xaurrroua 'Xpouuxa Eyxapcxoro
xiilIcrBa 1848 roAa": "MoloAofr uapeHb rrprrxoArrr B KoMHary AJrr 3vKpa (xanarax) v npocrrr y rnaBHoro
Vltfraua, up[IHrrb ero s cnofr rpyr. Iftuau cHaq:ura rrcrrbrrbrBaer ero. "O6parucb K A.uaxy, no cne Xy
(For) carvr o[peAenlrr Bce, noBopl4r Lluran ilapHrc. florou sroT rIgJroBeK Tprr Arrr Iro iloprAKy: l) Corep-
rraer oMoBeHI,Ie flepeA cno*r, 2) IIuraer ABa paKaara MoJ]trrBbr nepeg cnorrn, 3) Or qucrofr ,U5ruru o6pa-
trIaercs x A-uraxy, cr4M Ha KoBpe wru Ha nro6orrl ApyroM qircroM rroJrorHe. qepea rpr4 AHfl so cHe An-
Jrax orrpelenf,grct eMy. 3art;u oH cHoBa r,r4er K Vmany H paccKa3brBaer o npoI,rcmelileu. Ec.rrn paccKa-
3aHuoe yAoBJlerBoptet Zuraua, oH BeAer ero Ha KoBep vlu H rIrrHoBKy r,r roBoprlT: "Crru uofr Terlepb
o6parn cnoft nsop Ha cBolo [yr]y, sarpofr vtasa, o6paru Bce cBoe BHr.rMaHr4e B ce6t., [ycTb B TBoeM
cepAIIe He ocr.rHercr HrrKoro KpoMe Amaxa! Kar uoxuo 6omure uonropxfi lrMs Anraxa!" Taxzu o6-
pa3oM I{crIbITaHr.Ie npoAoJlxaercs B TerreHrrrt oAHoro ilnv EByx, rracoB. HosHft dypyryaft uen 6parcrna
(catzr) cIt'IbHo crapaflcb nlrucuoco6urb cBoro Alrry K gynre klnaua rax nos6p<gaercs., qro uHorAa rra-
Aaer B o6uopor. Ilocre sroro I4uas flpnHuMaer MoJroAoro rureHa (calnxa) s csofr Kpyr r{nu orKaubrBaer
euy. Ecnz oH lrpoxoArrr r{clbrraHlre, Lltrran BBoATIT eto B ptgbr 3aKlrpoB B xaHaKzxe"l. TaKoe .rBrlenrre
Xanrrror BrrAeJI nonropa BeKa Ha3aI B oAHoM ra Eyxapcxnx xaHaKaxots.
Ecnu ucxogr{Tb u3 Tolor, qro B Harrale XIX sexa n Eyxape rapr{Kar Haru6anrurt nonHoKpoBHo cy-
IIIECTBOBUUI TAKXE KAK I.I B CPEAHNE BEKA, MOXHO NPEANONOXtrTb, IITO 3UKP B XAHAKil(E N NPNHIT'.IE R
Kpyr gaKrrpoB rroBoro rLTeHa (calura), cBrrAere;reM Koroporo crar XauuxoB, fl&'rterct lrsnecrHofr v pac-
rlpocrparreHnoft rpa[nuuefr e Byxape, csofrcrseHHoft raplrrcary Haxur6angur.
A.KasaHcx[fi ouracrrsae)T Ka3Hb oArroro rr3 Kpy[Hbrx yqeHbrx cytpzeu Bocrora Mancypa Xaffa,qxa s
Eargqqe: "flana.r v oxpaHHnKr,r rroABo.q,f,T Maucypa Xaraagxa K rrJraxe, ycraHoBJleusofi n ueHTpe orpoM-
nofi unonl44t'r s Earla,qe. T'rrcsqu nro.qeft co6zparorca BoKpyr. Cpeaz Hrrx rbrctsfr rloql,Irarerlefi Xal-
Jla.ux(a. florouy, qro ero cJraBa paclpocrpaHr4nacb He ro.JrbKo uo Earga.{y, Ho H rro BceMy llpaxy rI Apy-
ruu Apa6crprM cTpaHaM. Xiurna,{x y flJraxu, yBepeHrro o6paqarcl r co6paunrr,rMcs, roBopur: 'Anar-r-
Xar!" (.f 6or). Oauarn.rsrrre u 6eeyuHhle My;rJrbr e 6emeucrBe Hagr,rHaror sa6pacuBarb ero KaMHtMIt,
KycKaMV Kup[Hqa rr 3eMJrrr. Marrcyp Xarnq4x cronr 6espaanr,runo cMorpfl Ha rrrax c yrrr6xofr. Ho rorAa,
oAlrH n3 ero 6nusrrax 4py:e:fi 6pocur B Hero u rrrrrHy, oH Tsxero BsAoxHyB, roBopur: 'Xoru KutlleHHblft
AOX{r rbercfl Ha MeHt, MHo oro rrrr [o qeM, Ho, K coxairenzlo, KaK cKa3zul ) Ilrrenb l]In6xn Hy'MaH,
rorla ruofi Apyr 6pocaer s re6r rpr3b, uer 6o.nee rfiKKoro rr Mep3Korc rpexa B Mnpe!" Ilepe4 3a[oJlo-
uusmeft rrJrorrla,qbro, 6ypnrqefr KaK Mope, nornofi HeHaBr4crtr rolnoft, y 3aKoBarrHoro Xaruralxa 3BepcKI,I
orpy6urra oArry pyKy. Torla oH, cMercr roBoprrr, "Orpy6urr pyxy 6ecnoMotrIuoro, 3aKoBarrnoro B llerrl,r
qeJroBeKa He oqelrb rpyauo! Eutu 6st, BbI cMorJrr{ yHurIToxETb, craBIIrI,IMI,I II3BecrHbrMrr Io ne6ec, 6oxe-
crBerrrrbre r{ rar.rncrBeHHbre Kar{ecrBa, Bor sro 6nuro 6u rpyano!" Kor4a orpydntu BTopyro pyKy, oH Iro-
repeB Apyr o Apyra KpoBaBbre Kynr,rrrrrKr.r, HeBo3ruyrrrMo roBopnr: 'Ror cMorprrre, tr coBepffaro oMoBe-
HHe, -cgacrJrr{BeA) yAocroeHHrrfi nto6rlr Aultaxa, yN{brBaerct nporrro!"
3areM rrorepeB, 6le4uoe or rroreptr KpoBr{, JII{qo ocrauKaMrr cBolrx pyK rI ropAo B3ursHyB Ha rraJla-
uefi rpurnyn: "He g5nrafiTe, qro :uzqo Xauragxa no6ne4HeJro or crpaxa! fl, xouy floKr.r[r5rrb oror Mrrp
cMlIpeEHo c KpacHBrM rr.rqo:u!" 3areu euy 6esxarrocruo orpy6u"rrz o6e norlr. 14 rorga Xaraalx He Te-
pf lvlyx<ecTBa, cMetcb IoBoFrnT: "v Menq ecrb erIIe ABe HoM, vrMr4 s,6eccrpauruo [rarzuo [o oToMy r,r [o
roMy Mllpy! Haftlure u orpy6ure ux, ecJrr4 cMoxere!" lepouuecru yMvpar Mauclp Xallalx qrdraer

t A.Kasaucrcart. CyQuw c nloqKa 3peHua coepe.ueunoil ncuxonarrwtozuu.

Lledauue Cauaprarudcxoao o1narmuozo
CmamucmurtecKo?o Kotuumenxa, Cauapxaud, TunozpaQun "Tpyd", 1905. Cmp. 82

27
 MonrrrBy 3a crotBllrzx B yr(ace nloAeft [ ucuycKar rrocJreAHee Ablxrurue, [pon3Hocrrr: 'Ana-l-Xar! Au-
Jrax xeJlaer, qro6 nprnrraJllr ero I{crr4Hrrocrr!" B rouqe cBoero paccKiua o Mancype X:ullagxe rlcKpeH-
H
q
E
Eue gpyl Apyry' B crpalre 6rrrtz rncsqlr, AectrKH Tbrctq ero JATSHHKoB, croponrrlrKoB r{ uoqr,rrarelefi.
ouz eqe 6olec rtpeyBenl'IqnB ero yArrBrlTe,rlbubre rrygeca tr Aelrrrufl., Bo3Be.[u ero Ao crerregr,r l,rz$uvecxo-
ro Box(M I'I rspot. Paso3l]enurle srlrM, QaHarnuurre yneMhr I{ BJracrltreJrLr oilacuab orpoMHolf, aBTop[-
rera Xa,u4gxa, [peAarenbcKlt I{arroBr,uILI orol'o M}rxecrBeHHoro, KpacriBoro, BoJIeBoro qerosera, o6oliar
efo llMf,' noABepIIIyB TtxeJIbIM' HeseIoBeqecKI,IM cTpflAaldnflM, )I(ecToKo, AI{Ko Ka3HIIJIU. Ho sro 6.naro-
c 14 6eccrpanrneM Bcrperr,rB cMeprb, He c4urcfl,
eH1
79 zra <Dyala Konprclrcsage .,flepurre cyezr,r n Typeq-
rofr nnrepatype" c.Iuraerc.f, saxmofi pa6orofi, coorBercrByroqefi xponoronasecru nanreft- r"r". Hurrrn-
caHIJ?J Ha ryPeUKoM .[3bIKe, B BI/A9 yve6Hura, ora pa6ora csl[raercfl. o,qHI{M I{3 rnaBHblx, sMKrIx r{croq-
HITKOB o rapl4Karax "flccaBn.fl", "HaKru6anqflfl", "EeKTarrrwi' u soo6qe o Cy$usue Bocrora. Oga na-
[I4caHa Ira ocIroBaHHIrt MHoIzx p5nconzcefr, MaHycKprIIIToB H rJIaBHoe Ha ocHoBe pa6otrr r{3BecrHoro
)AIe-
uom cyQltx Xazuuu ",[xaeaxnp yt-a6pap MI,rH aMBzDK yl-6uxap", flpnHarqJ'rexasirero orBerBJIeHVro 3aH-
rz_ Arrl or rapvKara fIcar;us,. fiaunas. KHnra Aaer BzDKIrbre cBeAeHr.rr o rapuKarax "flccauilfl",
"Haxu6ang v9.", " 8 eKT auul", "IdKatrlry" v t4x KpyrrHbrx [pelcr,tBrrreJrrx.
B xnrare (D.Kouprcnlo34[e o B3ar'rMocBt3rx rapuraror flccanu-fl, rz Haxnr6aH4r,rr roBopr,rrcr, qro I{3
9lccanuu BrIIIIIII4 nBa rapuKara: Harlr6aug"q u gsKlarrru. Eolee MeJlKne cyJryKn rax "I{raHUc';, )torfl. H
BbmIJrlI vtz flccasuu - H9 piillBI,IBIIIncb, I4crre&Trr. Haupuuep, cynyK rla3Baunufi ruenel'r IIIafixa Kaua,ra
llxaHu, xort Br,rIIreJr mz flccanuu, TeM He MeHee He cMor pacupocrpaHllTbct 3a npeAenlJ o6lacru
IIIan. 'I
Kax cnparegll4Bo orMeqail (Dyaa KoupruJrro3are, Xasparz Baxal4Azu Haxur6asA tro yr(a3y cBoero
{nrupa Kylala, repeurrM,ur 3rraurr y Ulaftxor iapurara frccasus, Kycau [Ial.rxa u
HacraBIrHKa Cartfimaa
Xanuna Aru. Kycau IIIafrx, cKa3aB - "V veHr AeBtTb cuuoreft, Tbt crzLrr gecf,TbrM,', c nlo6bsrrc yqr,rr ero
B TeqeHtrn 2-3 Mecilles. Tarxe Xarpar Harm6alrl Wnrncs. H Bocrrr{rbrBurcc. y oAHoro uz lflairxon fcca-
sur' Xurvna Aru. "OInaxAbI MHe rlptlcHulrcr Xarzu Ara" - roBopt4r 6axiy4ryrn Haxru6anr: 'Xaxllrvr
Ara yrasan MHe crarb co6eceguzxau Xarvl Arn. OAuu AeHb r yBrrAen Xalnn Ary n oAHoM u: 6arapon
Eyxapn. Ho ne cuor nogoftTn K HeMy. Bevepou Ko MHe npurrren He3HaKoMeII u cKiBarl: "Te6l xoqrt
Bilrerh Xanrnlr Ara". f. [olrleJr na co6panlre Xanun Aru z paccKzuiur o cBoeM cue lr oH 83fi MeHt rIoA
cBoe Boc[l,ITaHI,Ie. Heoxzlanuo oH crurJr rlpaBnreneM Manepannaxpa u 6slrrr HiBBaH "Cyrrau Xaultvl", H
TofAa oH, He rlepecTiul oKa3bIBaTb MHe cBolo MIrJrocTL. Vqa ueng fipzlBr{naM Tapvnttta, oKilraJr BennKyro
qecrb. IIIecrr' rer yrlfircs v pazBnBurcs, y Xatmrra Aru. Bolefr 6oxiefi or roc]Eapcrna CylrauaXannata
Hllqero He ocr,Lrlocr. Vuttger oro, lI lo;rHocrbrc p:BoqapoBaircs B MupcKux ga6orax. flpufrar n Egapy
3aceJl B Kerbg"2,
I{rar, Xogxa
Baxay/.liuu Harru6aul c o4uorl croporrbr rlepeHtB 3Hanr,rs raprrKara Xo4xanau ocuo-
BaHHoro Xo4xa A6gf{a'Iuxou flrxqgyranr , c lpyrofr cropoHbr W:zurcfl y rarulf Illafixor flccaBur., Karc
Kycau IIIarix uX:urnn Ara. He uago:a6rnarb, qro o6a cySr.rricxue 6parcrna (fccanut u Harn6augur)
fipoucxoAtr rI3 o[Horo llcroqHltKa - Illarlx-yttt-ulyl4yx IOcyQa XauAlanz. 3navar, B Wenr4n Eaxaytguua
Harrr6auAa MbI BI{AI{M rlnoAorBopHoe rtrnfrHr4t- ytenuil n Xo4NaraH, u fccaBnr. (anttun cJroBaMrr - rr
llepcolfl3bFlHbrx, vI TnpKos3bFlHbrx rrcroqHflKoB Aproruocnr). Kar yrrepx,ual @.KouploJrrc3a,qe, orr{
oqeHb B,uKrrble croftcrsa tBJltrcTc.f, pe3)4rbraroM cJru'.IJu'. cBoficrr, otluvufr, oco6enuocrefr o6orzx y.Ie-
lc.uit.
B puu B:DI(HIIX pa6or, AamIqrrx qeHHbIe cBegeHzr o6 ytur.uu Harm6au4ru, u roo6lqe o Cyeurue
BoctoKa, BxoAtr pa6orrr ll3BecrHoro yrreHoro BocroKoBeAa E.D.Eeprennca "CyQLr3M rr cyQuftcrar -nvre-
parypa", a raKxe "[xauu rl HaBou". Oco6euuo, co6paruue "CyQusrvr z cyQnficxar rurreparypa" Bce etr1e
tBJuerct He3aMeHI4MbIM E BuuKHhIlu noco6neu s o6racru BocroKoBelenur, CyQt3Ma rr meparypn. B

'-Ta"v xe. Cmp 126-129.

"__Cantaxuddun-u6n Mydapay a*fyxgpu. Marcauamu Xodxa Eaxaydduu Ha.rcwdand. Ilepeaod Atsauu Aeauc)u.
(:y:"6t" 13-28. xudxpa. Cmp. 19-20; (Dyad Konpnnosade. Ilepewe cyQuu *yp"r4,-r, numepdmype Cma,u6ytt,
1918. Cmp. 124. "
zz
 grofr KHure, HarlucarrHofi Ha ocHoBo, rJraBrIbIM o6pasovr, IIeHHbrx py<onucelr o KyJlbrype I,I AyxoBHocrI,I
Bocror<a HatrIlcaHHbrx ua apa6croM, nepcr.rAcKoM rr rrcpKcKr4x t3brKax, Aalorcr HeoIIeHr{Mbre cBeAeHnr o
CySz:ue, ero KpyrIHrIx npeAcraBr{Te,rsx, BDKHbrx cy$uficrzx 6parcruax, oco6enno o Harru6anuras,
xr,r3Hlr EaxalaAuua Harm:6anAa, ero Ae.f,TeJrbHocrr4 il yqenvtl
E.D.Eeprenbc rrumer: "B ocHoBe 1nreHufl Haxur6anna Jrexcrr godponomuas 6enrocrr... floorouy,
oH x(HJI 3a cqer cBoero ,qexKalrcKoro rplga, B KltnrJraKe Ha cBoeM ue6onrurou y{acrKe zeMrlv\ BblpatrIv-
BaII [flrenuqy u 6o6u. flrcua ue r,rMe.lr HlrlKaroro 4o6pa. 3uuoft cflalr on Ha KaMbrrrrzx a JreroM Ha IIn-
HoBKe. He 6uro y Hero HEKaKLTx c,ryr. Ero nro6lruuu ,r floRrop.fleMbrM MHoro pa3 py6a[, 6ruu c:re-
Aylolque crpoKr{:
Fapu6una, JreK gMacMH3 {erl KHMIaH KaM,
Bra:4aulrayp derr Hapca,qaH aHAy{-raM.
Xarrla xuftu6 suafir4r,rg ro ripr.rcrou
Arap !ncar<, TylrrJrMac 6usta rvroraM.
(Huurlle Mbr, Ho He xylKe HrrKoro
Her xarocrb Hu floqeM, y Hac
)Kzeevr Ao cMeprn, oger po6m.
Ko:u yrupeu, HrrKTo He BcrroMHrm o uac.) t
O cy$uficrllx B3fJItA.rx, 6unmux uo MrrpoBospeHrlro crpotlrMrr rrocJreAoBarertru*r yvenur Ha-
lcul6an4a, BctrlecKlt flpoflaraHAlrpoBaBllr[x uAen Harcm6aqug B cBoux pa6orax, ,fixanru u HaBor,r, oco-
6euno o naxm6anguficro-cy{nftcrzx rr4er.x Hanou, E.S.Eeprenbc rrulrer: 'Y Haeou 6nrrto ectecrseH-
Hoe rtroreHl,Ie K rlecclrMu3My, KpoMe roro oH 6rlrt oqeHr 6lugr K KpyrrHoMy rrpeAcraBrrreJrro rBoprrecKo-
ro Cy$zsua - fixaIrau, Koropblfi 6rur ero HacraBHrrKoM, eAr,rHoMbrrrureuHrrKoM r,r rpyroM. Mrr xoponro
3HaeM, qro Hasou uy6oro yBaxaJI r,r llocrotHHo nocelqa[ [oora Axarrlu B xiuraKe HeAarreKo or lepata,
rAe ror orIIIeJrbHIlqauI BcIo cBolo xrr3flt... Hasou 6e:rpanuuuo lrc6llrt Cy$n:rvr, nynrofr on 6rlr cy{ueu,
xopoIuo 3r{€Lrr ero ) {eHue, Ho rra leJre He cra.rr cyQueu"'.
Eue oAHofr saxHofi grrr uanreii reurr pa6oroft xnnf,ercfi Kurrra "Mypu4usl,r ra Kanrase", u3yalnafl.
s 7963 roAy Ha pyccKoM fl3blKe, s MocKne. Ero anrop rrpvlBoAlrr Mlroro unrepecnofi n uoyyurelnroft
uuQopuaqurr o lpoAonxaBrlruxcr na Kasra?e [prrMepHo floJrropa croJrerlrg HarluoHalbuo-ocro6ogr.r-
Te.IILHbIx ABLIxeHI.rtx rrpo'rl,IB l{apcrcoft Poccua, cBs3iuluhrx c VMeHeM IIIafixa IIIzys1s, o6 oco6enno-
cT{x gTux [yuxeuuit H ocHoBax r.r,I(eoJroruv IlIa]rr,r.[s. Kar nznret A.Cunpnon ocHoBblB,ucb Tra MbIcJItI
3HaMelrlrroro pyccKoro BocroKoBeAa H.K.XasrrKoBa: "B ocuoBe Mypugusua (r.e.1unxeuuy IIIafrxa IIIa-
l/.utts.) ile)(vr, Bo3HI,IKItree n Fargage Bo BpeMeHa Apa6crux xalz$oe, 3areM rrpurrreAmee r Eyxapy yre-
nue cyQuficrczx 6parcrr "Kyrraru uc,JIoMn gr,rH". 3TO ) reHr,re r Eyxape 6rulo pa:ruro r.r upolonxeHo
Illaftxou Eaxayngunou Haxur6annoM, a B cJre,qyrctrIue BeKa rrepeilno ue Eyxaphr Ha Kanran"3.
LlnrepecRu r.I gocrofi.nu BHrIMaHr,rt pa6mu yqeHbrx QulocoQor, BocroKoBenoB rr nvreparypoBeloB
Tarxurracrana s o6racru CyQu:r"ra, Tapl{Kara Haru6aHAlrs. Oco6o xorr,rM orMer}rrl pa6ory MecrHoro
BocroKoBeua, AoKTopa QulocoQcrxx HayK M.P.Pruxa6ora 'A6gypiurMarr [Narru rr ra,qxtrKcKar ez-rro-
coQur XV rera", ra:,4anflat s 1968 roAy, B flynran6e Ha pyccKoM .fl3brKe. ilannas Knrrra r 6usmeM
CCCP, cqllraerct rropofi cepr,e:uoft Ha),lrHo-nccneroBarerrbcrofr pa6orofi o {rulocoQuu Cy$uaua Boc-
roKa Lr Harru6anlus, uoc;re pa6orrr E.3.6eprentca.
B srofi KHLTI€ M.P.lla,qx(a6or Bbrrernrr c[euuarrbHyro 6olrmyru ruaBy o CyQusvre t.r rra3BaJr ee
"Vqeuue Box.Irarl,r B)tKyA A6aypaxnrana \lKawfi". flo uneulrro aBTopa, yrenr4e eoxdamu ryJcyd 6yxry
oAnofr rae Qopu o6tenrzs.Horo u.Ue.Lrrr.[3Ma, yrBepx,qalo o eAIrHclBe Bax.qar Co:garena u co3/l Has' Bcero
Bo BcereHHoil, parencrBa Bcex peLrurrzft r r<ouQeccnit, cavrax qeroBeKa - orpaxeHr{eM 6oxecrseHHoro
cwtHLrN, nepnrflnofr Bcex co3AaHIlfi; urupoxo [po[araHAlrpoBiulo cpelH HapoAHbrx Macc rJraBHue cySzfi-
cKVe AoBIt3bI '[acr 6a ropy Aut 6a Ep" v "xr4lBar Aap amKpau". V.reHue Boxllarr.r B]DIryI (uanrezeu)
cylqecrBoBa.flo etrre lo LI6iv Apa6u u frxauu LI B pn:ilrquux Qopnrax Bbr,qBrrr.rJrocb raKEMrz yqerrbrMu,

' E.O.
t
e mpydw. Ilaaou u,[xauu..
E.O. e mpydw. CyQuz-dr u cytfuuu lg
' H.A. ua-KaeKasi.-Mocrcea'1965. Ka,K nuuremcn 6
emofr xuuee (Cmp. 166), qtte+u dautwuae IIIauwa npa 3uKpe egecme c oduqdtrwu l.Icta,wa, ynotueHat [Ipoporca
e zo cno d e utrcnaKo 6, maK)Ke 6c no-&ra Harom uu"t H arcut1 aud a.
23
 KaK a-r-KtlHAu (IX rex). Ar-oap.a6u (87o-97o), v[6u Cuna (9g0-103g),
lxa"uane4qnu pyur,r (1207) n
MaxMyg Illa6ucroHu (IZG} - l3}0il.r
1993 t. 6nn o6MBreH roAoM 900 rerus XoIxu Axrrra,qa frccasu u 675 Jrern.fl XoAxz EaxaylAr.rra
Haxnr6anla- IIo orofi [pI4rII'IHe n vg6erucraHe r{ Kasaxclaue 6ruu na.Iarbl HecKoJrbKo rra) rI{bIX, JTIITo-
par)?Irblx I4 KyJlbrypHhrx Mepoupu]nrurt. Oco6euuo, s Vg6er[craHe rraqaJrocr my6oroe, ucecropouuee
rr3)trr€Hrre nayuno-$u_uocoecrzx, nr,rreparyprrbrx 14
,qyx frccasu u Harur6an_
!a. B TarrrreHTe rr Byxape, a cenrr6pe 1993 r. 6nuru e xoueepen \nu, no_
rur6
Mecra cBr3arrHbre c r{Menalau Xaeparu Ha-
burfi rr3na'br HeKoropbre pa6oru Xa:parz
Harur6au4a
aKru6aq,q" u A6y Myxczu MyxaMlrqA Eaxup z6u
Xasparu XoAxa Harrr6ang).
"MyroKor",
XAKIIKATII".
'Vs6exHcroH
"Tourrenr orltotuu") rreptroAflqecKl{ }I3raBallrcb crarbl,r o xr{3Hrz, TBopqecrBe,
AerreJrbHocrn 14 yqe1ilv
Xolxu Axuara flccasu u EaxayElzsa Haxnr6an4a. Crarsu C.Oruua, I4.O.Cy:rranora, A.VcururoBa r4
I'pyrnx )AIeHbrx TpaHcJrr.tpoBarrrlcb rro p4[zo.
Ara,qeMrar , n cnoefi qeunofi pu6or"
Mup:a Eeruala' orAeJ,rbuoe BnrrMrurue 3a,Earl
yrrenws Harnr6 BuuKHoM 3HarreHr,ru MrrpoBo3
-
rm6auna' Kar nunret lr'M.MyuunoB, flepBble rlpeAcraBr.rrenu Harru6an4irr yAenflJTH BaDKHoe 3naqenne
MI,IpcKr{M, xr{3rreHHblM npo6neua:rr:
"Tapurar Ha orKul3a
K rpygy, yve6e u u ecrb
uu.r HaK[I6arrlr4r crgpoHa
p^3

Me
oroM rIJIaHe EHTepecHa I/.3I.aH,Il.as,
"rff*1":ff#ififfi;i"'"","Jf#:'To'_tJf:;
s l98l r. r [yrran6e xa r4[xilrKcKoM rBbIKe KHlrra "3rolrcuux v*rc-
refr llxanru".
B orofi KHHre A.A$caxsoA Aaer rHTepscHbre cBereHl,If, o flosBflenr.ril, pasBvrvrn rr oBoJrIoIJEa Ha-
rn6anAuficro-cyQurircxoro MtlpoBo$peHr4f, caMoro KpyrrHoro npeAcraBrrrers HaKrx6arunn XV BeKa,
BeJII'IKoro Iloera A64ypaxrr,laua,{xavru. On nnepuue n Tq4rru6rrcrage Ha r4AXr{KcKoM r3brKe trpr{BoAr{T c
TIoJIHbIMI'I KoMMeHTapE MLI rJIaBHtrre Ir BaKHbre HopMbr fioBe/IeHrrfl
Wenur-, Harm6aHAHs: l) Xym AapAaM,
2) Hasap {aP KqTt 3] CuQup rtap BaraH, 4) Xunrar Aap aHxwan, s; iia rapA, 6) Boerann, 7) Hnrox-
AoIIIr, 8)E44omr, 9) ByrcyQn 3aMorru, l0) Byxy<pn at\Uril,11) Byryeu rufii.
aAQcaxsog, KaK I{ Ap}flte cfleqfizultcrbr Ao Frel'o, KoMMeHTT{pyer rper6e, caMoe rrrilBnoe, npaBuno
narlu6asAvr "CaQap gap raraH" ucxollr. rz: 6yr<nanruoro rrour{Mrurilr eno: 'canrar ,uoJrxeH rrocrosHHo
6poAllb Ha IrpupoAe, [o poAuue rr oKp]DKarctr1eli sewre, AoJrxeH xopono secru ce6fl,, crpeMrlrcr K cBr-
Tocrll'--. tla c,MoM AeJre tcHo, qro B oroM npaBune perlb ItAer o AyxoBHoM rlyremecrBltu flo "po4uue"
He BcraBat, cvId Ha Mecre. Cne[yer yloMsuyrb etrIe oAHy M6rcJrb, vro A.AQcix3oA, KaK 14 ero 3a[AI-
HbIe, pyccKrle, T4[x(ItKcKI{e Ir y:6excrrae KorJreilr [peArrrecrBeHHr{Klr, yqeHbre naxm6angroJroru, [epe-
cTILITaB BbIIIrerra3BaHHbIe [paBILla, otrtr,r6ovuo tllztrIer, rITo BoceMb r,r3 oArrHHaAqatu ceopuyluporanrt
Xolrrofi A64yl Xarrmou lzxgyraura, a ocriurbHbre rpu BaxayflAr.rnou Haxlr6alrgornr. Ha cauou a*"
pyKorlucu Xogxtt A6nyl Xutura flrx4yrauu o ero yqzrere Illofrx-ym-ilyflyx IOcyQe Xauq4ann, uox- ",
no y6e4lftct, qro rlerllpe caMble BaxHbIe rropMbl tr3 oAr{Hrraluarra' (Xynr aup lui", Hazap Aap KqAaM,
Ca+aP AaP BaraH u Xwmar Aap aHAxwan) parpa6orarrrr etrIe locySou kartlat-arru, Xipa-
ru A6gy.t fz6qynanz rr ocrarrbHbre rpn Eaxay4lusou Harun6allovr. "ot" ""iurpd

QunW ee 102-140.
Tawtauzan m, ,,@aH." 1969,
ii. ,\yutau6 42-43.
24
 If3necrno, qro s ConercKoe BperuJr rocflo/{crB}torlJar r4.qeonorus, Jrrmrura Bo3MoxHocrn BcecropoEHe-
ro uy6oxoro zsyreHrr;r Hcnaucxori Kynbryprr, ytennil CyQueua na Bocrore, r oco6eunocrtr florBrrB-
ruuxcr s XII-XIV BeKax y{eHr.rit fccavut, Ky6panrar u Haxm6asAltq, B To BpeMfl KaK Ha 3arla.ue cepbe3-
Ho Hqruuurucb Lr pr3yqarorc:r. cysuircK[re TapuKaTbr cbrrpaBrrrrze Ba]<rrym poilr. B KynbType u AyxoBHocTII
Hapo[oB I,Iclalrcrcoro uupa. 3qecb cJrelyer yuoMtr.Iyrb ABa BaxHbIx r,r3AaHI,It, HenocpelcrBellHo orHocf,-
ilIfixcr K paccMarprasaeuofl TeMe, rr3Aaurrrrx IIa 3auque.
OAna lrs ornx pa6or rruy6rurorar.Iuas s L97I roAy ts Orc$opae (Aunrlrr) KHrrra anurrdficKoro uc-
JraMoBeAa ,[x(. C. Tpuvranloua "CyQuficrue oplenbr B }/lcJravre". gra xnura 6rma ouy6lrrKoBaHa s 1989
roly B Mocrse B pyccKoM nepeBoAe A.A.Craszqrof c [peAncnoBrreM, KoMMerrrapruMl{ r,r yKa3arertrMr,r
I{3Becrrrorc BocroKoBega O. (D.Arzrurylmtna.
B elofi KHItre Aiuorcx BecbMa rleHnbre cBeremvs. o uorBJreHIIr4 B MycynbMaHcKI4Ix crparrax cyQufi-
cKI,Ix IIIKon, ocHoBHbIX H?lrrpilBJreHl,Itr cySufrcrrrx rapr{KaroB, SopMnpoBaHnr,I pasrurlHblx cy{tlf,cKfix
PaHroB, o6norurenuu AaHHr'rx raprrKaroB s XIX BeKe rr lpor,r3omeAlrrux B uux pe{opMaropcKr{x ABI,rx(e-
HLtx, crpyKType raplzKara u ero pllTyrurax, trpaBr,Inax ra a,qarax, IeHeaJIoMI,r caMblx 6olrurux II BilKHbIX
TaprrKaroB Bocroxa.
B 1990 roAy B Ilapuxe lr Crau6yne na auunricKoM rr $panrry:cxoM fl3hrKilx 6ruro urgano eqe oA-
Ho Kpyrlnoe Ha) ruoe co6panue o3arJranrreHHoe "Harnr6an4rrs" ll nlo6esHo 6rrto nocnaHo H,ttr,r s Taur-
renr 1992 roAy )AeHbIM I{cJIaMoBeAou, cyQzeneAoM rr3 CIIIA, AoKropoM lenun leoucol,r. Era rnllra na
caMoM Aene sBrrercr co6panr,reu BbrcryrrJreHlrft ua Mexlgruapognoft nayunofr ronQepenqun, [poBeAeE-
nrni s 2-4 v'as 1985 rola I flapuxe rr flocBxtrIeHnrrfr ronpocaM yrrenur Harm6alrA[-s.
Ha eroft rouQepenuul{, K coxiileHllx), He yrlacrBoBaJr Hr4 oIuH yqenbrfi ue rontro ltg CoBercKoro
Colo:a, Ho AiuKe u: V:6exrzrcraHa - poAr{Hbr Eaxalgquna Harnr6arua. OcuosHlre AoK,'r4[br 6ruu cAelanrr
yrIeHbIMr us (Dpanquu, CIIIA, Auuuu, HuAur, flarucraHa, A$rautcraHa rr Ip.
B .qorcrraAax r.r [peHnrx rro HuM noArrepKuBaflacb ponb Haru6anrur{ B pasBr{Trru 4yxornofi KyJrbry-
pbr MycyJrbMaHcKr,rx HapoAoB Azvv, AQpurn u Azun.
B [onuaAe I{3Becrlroro HccrsAoBarelr CyQu:Ma H3 CIIIA Xauu,qa Arrapa, [offrepKaBafiocb, sro
HaIIuoHtuILHo - ocno6o1[Te;IbHble ABIr)KeHut rrpoTI{B Koirorlrlanl{3ua Bgruro6purauun r A$ranncrane n
Korrqe XVIII u s XIX BeKiD(, HapoIFbIe ABuxeHIdr n Kypgzcrane cwtr,nbre HapoAHbre 4ur4x.enurs. uporrlB
Ilapcroft Poccuu ua Kasra3e u u Typrecraue (Illauurns, lyxuu Hmon-MyxaMMan A;lu, B ler-Teue),
BeJrLIcb rIoA 3HaMeHaMI4 pas[L{qHblx BITAoB Hanu6au4ur aAaurr.rpoBalrHbrx K MecrHbrM ycJroBIrJrM].
C Hacala 9O-x rogon n Cpe4lrefi A3ttu, oco6enno n Vs6eKucraHe, Bo3poc rrnTepec K H3)AeHrrro
KynbrypHblx, A)D(oBHIIX qennocrefi [porlrJroro, B qacrHocru, r CyQu;rnry. B reqeHflu xoporroro 2-3
JlerHero [epl{oAa, s Ka3axr:raHe, Tqgxlrrusrafle H Vs6erucraHe s o6racrr4 vs]ync'el1^Vs. CyQusrrla lrpoBo-
Iurct MHoro Mepo[putrr{fi, u:laxrrcr KHuilI, pa6ora r{ crarbrr [po[araHAr,rpylouze 6orarue ]r rpKr,Ie
KynbTypHo-IyxoBHbre ueHHocrr.r HaIIrux H apo[oB.

Knr,rra A.MyxaMlra.qxq4xaeBa "Hgeolr'orut Harur6anlrau" uzslauuafl Ha pyccKoM t3brKe n 1991 ro4y

r ,{yurall6e, r4syqas, lpo6neurr CyQurua u Harm6anlr4pr rro pyKo[ncnbrM t4 rreqarHbrM r,rcroqnilKaM,
paccMarpl,IBaer II cepbe3Ho, BcecropoHue auarllr3r,rpyer raKile Borrpocbr, rax o6uecrBerrHo-rroJrr4Tl,IsecKr,Ie
u uleonomqecKl{e ycJIoBIr[ B rloflBrreuuv yv.ennfl naxn6angu,a, flpotrcxox)IsHne ta pac[pocrpaneHrre
rapI.IKaTa Harm6au.qra.r, ero H.qeoJroruqecKl{e ocHoBbr, [plrKrraAHoe 3HaqeHr,re E IlocneAyroulee pir3Bt4Tue.
Aurop KHIrru, co ccrrrxoft Ha "MaKoMarrz Xa:parn Xoxa Haxn6asA" A6yr Myr<una Myxauual Eoxu-
pa u6u Mlxavrvr4qa Auz, trlaccral3hlBaer o roM, xan EaxayAgrrn B roHocrrr Bo cHe yBr4/IeJr Xarutua Ary,
rax 6a6yuxa y6eawta ero 'frurbc.s 3HarrnflM y rnpKcKoro 6orocJrosa Xanuta Arrr, 3areM KaK oH Bcrpe-
rrar Xanrul Ary n oAHoM H3 pbrlrKoB Eyxapu II [o3AHee ] runctr r{ Boctll{TbrBzurcr y Heto, t4 rrpr.rBoAl{T
oArlo [peAauue. Xarrr,r.n Ara nog rrMsHeM "Xaur,ur Cynran" KaK oArrH r.r3 rrpaBnreJreft r Cpequefi Aswu
3acraawl EaxalqAuna Har<ur6anAra ucuonH.fiTb o6lsafluocrv rarasa y ce6l Bo ,{BopIIe. II oluaxglr flarraq
- Haxur6asA He cMor orpy6xrr roJIoBy BrrHoBHoro r43-3a ryrrocru rouopa. LI rorAa rriurarr - Eaxaylguu
yc,TbIIIIa[, KilK BITHOBIITTfr UeUga MOJIIIJT O CilACeHULt CBOero AyXOBHOIO HaCTaBHrrKa. Ha nOlpOC EaXalz-
Auua: "Kro rbl Ir Koro rbr rvroJII,IIIrB o cfiacetlrl{?", Tor orBerl{Ji: "f *rypul, Cafifiula Auupa Kynana u y
HeIo fipomy o cflaceHrru"- Torla EaxayaUlilr Harur6anl He crarr y6ntars ero, orKaL3allcr ot o6x:aHHo-
crefi uanaqa I{ crir.Jr oIHr.rM r{3 MypnAoB Cairfiuga Alaupa Kylala2.

I- "Harcudauduu", Llcmau|yn-Ilapux I990. Cmp. 38-39

' A.Myxattualxodxaee. I'Ideoaozua norcw6audisua. fiywau1e, "Jlouuut". Cmp. 61

25
 I4:BectHo, qro rlo pe,rlllruo3no - rouQeccuon{rrrbHoMy, cy$uzcronay flpaBrury "An-MabM}? Maa3yp"
(venorer ucnoJrHtrcIqufi rpnxazaarre He runoren). flarrav, o6gzanw;it Bbrlo,[Hsrb BoJIro lparB]rreJlrl, He
cut4Tzlllclr BITHoBHrIM KaK rrpocrori geroser. Eoree roro, y6nficrBo rIaJIaqoM BHHoBHoro, tro rrpuKa3y
[paBrtreJut, cql{Ttlrlocb rro [apnary [paBuJrbrrbrM u HerlpeAocyrvrenbrtnu. ffoeroMy, B pyKorrr{cHbrx Hc-
ToqHI{Kax peMecno tlalasa rcHoro Eaxayu{una Haxn6au{a He paclleHnBarrocb KaK orpr.rqareJrbHoe, rrJro-
xoe KaqecrBo H He ocyxlaJrocb, xors BoKpyr sToro Bolpoca pacfipocTpaHtnrrc[ pa}IlurlHbte neIeHA[I tr
paccKiBbr.
Telr ne MeHee, HecMorpt Ha orrr paccKa3br r,r nereuAbr EaxayA,uun Harlr6anA 6rur nucoro ueHI,IM z
yBilKaeM Hapo.qaMI,I MacczlMtr Typrecrana n Hcnaucnoro Mr{pa u ceroArrfl oH BLrcoKo IleHurcr. Belr ue
3pt Ha[ucaJr cnoe py6au o Xo4xe EaxayT.{r,rne Harnr6anAe, ero } reHr{r, netullft clyrHrrK, MHorr{e roAa
uporegurnfi s 6ecelax u piulroBopil( c Hr,IM, oqenb xoporuo gnasur&fi EaxayAunua Haru6auaa r{ ocra-
susninn o HeM HecKorbKo pa6or (rvrararrrar) Xolxa Myxaurra44 flapca, or3hrBilflcb o EaxalAnlse Ha-
xnr6anAe KaK o BeJIrrKoM qeJroBeKe B Mr.rpe PIc"'raMa:
"Efi onrn rypo p!ft 6a poxuqun acr,
flap xycranu Kat6aar {a3op ovH acr.
Qaitze, Ke 3r4 {yxpau Xapar4 rraerana6u,
[ap caurlau Xoxa Eaxayl4ran acr"l
(9fr ru, rrcKareJrb Bepbr, Heycragurri.
Ecrt rurcgsa [paBr4Jr
Ao Kaa6rr
Bce qro xopouee ecrb B Merre
flacr re6e XoAxa au-Eaxalg4uu).
B 1992 roAy, B Cauapran[e 6rna nslla*a KHrrra O6lanyna Baaapona r,r Pycraua Tll4guera "Cyeuarr,r
Cpe4ueft Asrzu u MopzulbHble IlenHocrlr". Kax uugno rr3 HasBaHr.rf, Knvtr:rr, era pa6ora paccMa"pr{Baerur
aHarrtr3llpyer 6rlronasnue r Cpeguefi A:nu cyQufrcxue yqeHlrs u ]rx B3ar,rMocBs3b c upo6:reuaMu Mo-
paJIbHhIx qeHuocreft. Kar u so scsxofi xopomefi pa6ore, s Hefi ecm HeKoropble crropnbre \r coMnrrreJrb-
H6IE MOMEHTbI-
Haupuuep, ilBTop B oAHoM Mecre, KoMMcHTupyr rroHtrue "(DaHo" (llcrunnrrfr npauegHuft), rIErIIer:
"B sroM cyQttfi cqltraer ce6r gocruruyBrrrnM llapcrBa Boxrero, r4 ero o6para... Ilrar on craloBr4Tcfl
4ocrofrnuu Hocrrrb lrur "QoHrafr" u upou:Hocrrrr 'Aua-.lr-xax!"2.
He rax[ufi yAocroeHHblfr panra "Hcrr4md', uocrzrurufr o6par A,uaxa Mor cKa3arb "Aua-.u-xaK!".
Torga, TaKIitx cyQuer xax Xann4[x B r{cropuu CyQu:ua 6rrro 6rr Mnox(ecrBo. ,(axe raxue BeJrr{Kue
cy0na, rar Lflaftx Haxuylruan Ky6pa, Xo4xa AxrvrqA flccasu u Xo4xa FaxayAAuu HaK[r6aHr rre MorJrrt
cKa3arb 'Ana-r-xaK!".
Tarzu o6parolvt, yveuufr cydpufi r{Men cBepxbecrecrBeHHoe MyxecrBo, uro6tr rar Xycafru 6. Man-
cyp Xaru44x, Farsn4 Buctaulr, Illaxa6yuuu Cyxparapau, klvaruqll.n Hacuuu u Ea6apaxulvr Maurpa6
sa ucrflHy lofirn 6eccrparuuo uoA BlrceJllr\y vnv.6es rore6auuit 6pocurn ce6fl, B loprlIlee rtraMs. KaK
uorroptn Xycafin 6. Maucyp Xa,tnagx, "huorga A,uax flporRltsercr n o6paze qeJroBeKa, ororo cqacrbg
yAocralrBalorct roJrbKo cttMble ltrlcrhle, cuuble llecrlrble rlpaBeArrbls". On ronoputt: "Cnasa A-rnaxy, vro
oH BpeMfl or BpeMeHI,I oKiBbrBaer croro 6,raro,qarb I{ rlogBnflercx B o6.rrure HeKoropr,Ix lrcAell!". Xycaftn
6. Mancyp Xarla,qx raKxe roBopr{Jr: "Kto yruuoxaer cBor{ 3talnr,, prBBr{Baer ce6t $nzuuecKz r,r ny-
xoBHo, rloJrHocrblo ns6anurcx or xsrBorHbrx rorpe6uocreft, n cepAIIe y Koro Her Hr{qero KpoMe A,tnaxa,
ro e o6rure raKoro )AeHoro, pa3Buroro rleroBeKa uotBJuerct A.lutax!"
floorouy, XoAxa Axuq[ -fccaBlr corlyBcrByr ropbKofi, rparuuecnofi cuepru Xycaftn 6. Mancypa
Xaruagxa roBopI,IT, vro "$anauarlHble Kzr?vln, HeBexecrBeHHble MyJrnrr rlpllroBoprrnlr sro K cMeprr,r, He
rroruIB uonoxenufr Kopaua'.
Ovepnra u upoKrll{Hat y6nfiu Matrcypa Xumalxa - Qauarzvnbrx Ka3ueB, HeBex(ecrBeHHbrx MJtrrJr,
flccasu trl,Itrrer:
"Eufiu4gruap MyJrJrarrap "Ana-n-Xar"K[ MabHocrlH,
I(or ax.nrara {,ac a14un Xarq xfpMaArz rrlynocn6.

'.Xodxa Myxanttad llopco. Maryouatn UB AH Pyt Hue.Nt 5765 III, u 77a

' O.Eosopoe, P.IIIodues "Ypma Ocui! macaeey(tu ea oxnoxuil ryadpuamnap". Cauaprcaud, "3apaQuton", 7992-
Cmp.28
26
 Punorlap 6urwryu, doJIIrH anu 6rutua't1lr
Maucypger annu6nu K}figarap Aopra ocu6".
,[ocrofiuu BrrtrMarrufl pa$oru Hacadpu Eepesuroua "Cstrrte :uru TyprecraHa" u
'Xa3par
faxayA-
.quH Fiuril6 aggv"l - B noc,tr^qtlrefi pa6ore uoxco yBr,rAerb crlopHble MoMeHTbI, HeAocrarKI'I u oulu6r<u.
flpexge Bcero) rrceBgonrr.rM Eaxayuuua "I{arur6anA", a He "HaK[r6aHgI{", KaK [fiuler oH. 3Aecb
ov"nuquo, vro E.E.Bepe3rrK.oB cneryer raKrrM rl3BecrHbrM pyccKl,IM BocroKoBeAaM, KaK lopglencxufr,
Ka.:ancrzft. Bsrrun, CeMeuos.
IIo narueruy MrreHr{ro, HoKoropbre oruu6rcu I{ HeAocrarKu srofi pa6or;l cneAylouue:
qacrHocTl4
1.. "Konegiro, Harnr6au,q [poBeJr MHon] BpeMeHq B tr3yqeHuq pa6or BeJIIlKl.lx cy$ueu, B
V6y Apa6z (1164-1240). QqHoio rr3 yrrrrerrez CyErasua, aHAan)RcKoro Mr,Icrrrarr Myxufillalllna A6y
A6gyl.n,axa u6n a,r-Apa6u, ltHomg yrreHblg crrr.rraror ocHoBo[onoxHI,IKoM yueuufr "Boxgaryn-ByxyA"
(eAnnocrr cyruecrna) u "Boxaaryn-myxyA" (egzuocm neposaa ns,)"z -
Ha 13 - crpanuUe Krr[ru, [epeBoAquKoM r,r aBTopoM rIpeALIcnoBI4f, rluIuerct cneAyrcrrlee: "Herlgx
Ha3Barb Xa:par EaxayrAnua,, - KaK cqrrraer E.EepeauroB, - rIocJIeAoBareJIeM Ll6r' Apa6,u."_B eroM Bog-
pilKerrw,r ecrb rons upaagrr. Koueuno, Xaspar Harm6aug He rlocneAoBare.rrb l46Y Apa6u- Ho lt:nectno,
vro co6panmuii s eAr,ruyro clrcreMy Bce ]^reHr.{.fl CySu:vra Boctora, 6o.nturoft My[peu CyQu:ua' ocHo_Ba-
r"nu yv"n- "BaxAarr *y yu" Vt6n lpi6u oKa3.Lrr,-B neroropoft crsrreull, BJIITIHI{e ua EaxayAAuvaHa-
xur6anga, KaK tl Ha Apymx KpyrrHblx yrreHbrx cyQuen. FaxayA[us Harur6ang, K,lK tloKa3aHo B IIeHHblx
r{crorrHrrKix r,r KaK e,qr{HolJracHo yrBepxAarcT cneqtraJl[crbl Iro Cy$uamy, cquraercs IrocJIeloBargJIeM
Iocytpa Xauaganu, XoAxlr A6lyxailzrl fuxgyranz u XoAxu Axrrlqla flccasa. A yrenue "BaxAaru-
myx)tr" ocHoBaHo oAHr.rM s3 {pbrx orrorreuroB Vl6n Apa6u. Iil,IBIIII,IM s XVII BeKe B lln$uu KpyrIIIbrM
uarnr6anAnftcrulvr llTafrxou Aivral tDapyxotrl Cupxwnyu u o3uaqaeT I{ elvncrBo cBl{AereJrbcrt". 3Hatrur,
yIeHruI "BaXlaru-nyxyg" u "BaXgaTH-myXyI" sBrlf,IoTct IIpoTI,IBoUo.[oxHbIMII.
u
2. Tarxe HenpaBrrJrbHo rrepeBeAeHo [poKoMMeHTrrpoBaIIo cne[yrctrIee ,UBycTrrlIlIe Hanl{caHHoe
EaxayAgI,ruovr Harur6anAoM Ha nePcuAcKoM .s3blKe :
"Ku roraft rlpu uaploHpo rlapacrlr,
Ea mplu rlpu rrlapaoH KapAu, pacru".'
To ect, AocJIoBHo 'Ao xarux nop 6yaeurl rrcKarr' clracenu.f, y u1ateft, nyqme ilocryrM KaK lvryt(.Iu-
Ha z or cBol{x upo6reu".
zs6aBrct
Eror uepeuoA HerrpaBrr.rreH. Ha caMoM Aetrc eror 6afrr so MHoTI,IX pyKo[I{cHblx }lcToqu[IKax, B q -
crnocrll s '?ailaxar afrn y:r-xaEr"e, uepeBe4en cireAyloutlu o6pa.:ot'l:
"Kn rorafr rypu uapaoHpo [apacrl'I.
Ea tuppr KopI,I MapAoI{ KaPAIt, pycrpl"
B srou laftre Harnr6anA roBoprrr: "[o raxux uop rbl 6yaenr floKllonterct uorulau? Ecx'u 6y'
.[emb B1yrecro ororo BblrroJrHf,Tb pa6ory nro1eft, Agnarb nu ,4o6po, mulrpae[tr". OH cootBerclB]/er rnaB-
HoMy AeBrr3y Harur6auAa: '"Xog4a A6gyxalux fuxgynanr,I, Aa 6ylet cssnleuuofr eto taftHa, roBop[n,
rITo HaAo o6ner.rarr, crpal\aqprg. HapoAa, ecJrlr gro He yAacrct, ro 6nrrl c qecrHblM PeMecroM B cocrot-
Hr,lu "[acr 6a rop, piul 6a dp", yKanauo B Tapl{Kare XoAx(aroH".
Taxar 6;raropo4nar Mb,ICJIb, )Kr{sHeHHo BruKHruI, MIrpoB:u, qsJloBeqHa.r uilefl' npfi3brBaBllrat BcerAa
6nrrr, na clyx6e y uapoua, o6lerqaru TpyAHocrI4 Hapo.qa, llBJuerct rrrasnoft nheeil yqeufi{ EaxayAAuna
Harur6au4a.
K}rzre E.E.EepeeuKoBa ecrb 14 p^[ Apyrux HeAocTarKoB I,I [yraHr.rq, cBrrAereJlbcl'BylotrIux o ero
B
HeAorroHr,rMaHIrLr cyt[ BocrollHoro CySuaua.
Ioc:re npzo6perenvr. )Fresautrcr4Mocrrr Pecny6nzrauu Cpegnefi Azau, rny6oxo Hsycu 6oraure u
.[pKr{e KynbrypHo-AyxoBHble qeHHocrr{, Harlaflrrcr cepbe:Hble I,IccJIenoBaTeJIbcKrIg pa6oru r o6nactu ll:y-
qenns CyQnsr"ra Bocrora. E eroM rrJraHe Aocrofrnrr BHrIMaIrut pa6orrt yrIeHlIX coqr{oJloroB Kalaxcraua,
r.r oco6enno Vs6erucraua. Pecuy6luKa KasaxcraH coBMecrno c Typeqrofi Pecuy6iturofr, opraHl'I3oBiulu
B ropoge Typrecrase ("flccv", rAe )Kr{Jr XoAxa Axuafl flccanu), MeN4ynapoURrrii YuuBepcrlTer Axua,(a
fccasu. Mbloloe rroKoJrgHue us Cpenuefr A:un ra Typquu ) Iaulrecfl sliecb) HarlirJra upuo6qarrcr r

t E. E.Eepe t urcoe. " Cennue truKttt Typrcecmaua".

2
HacaQam. Xaspamu Byxayddun Harcu,r1anduu. "Mepoc"-"Hyp'' Tautxentn, 1992- Cmp. l0
'Tan xe. Cmp 14
 6orarouy cyQufrcro-lureparypHoMy lr,acnerwo Axuaga flccasu. Ha xasaxcrou u yr6ercKoM r3brKe lrg-
B Taurrenre "3aBerbl"
6ruro ns4ano co6panue

uufr, paccra:oB u reM ,unr o6cyrqg esus. a upo6aeua o uceBAo'r{Me ..HaKu6"*,",t"?"lTrlrT;l"rlXji;1_

Ky3HeIIOM n HA CTarr]I'rlhlx BetrIrx p\rcoB,ur p?r3_
Er or ero peMec.[a. IIo uanreuy MHeHlrrc, [ceB_

B orrrx npaBrrJr:rx roBopltrcr o roM .Iro6rr

rlaraH y:op (narm) Amraxa BceBbrmHero,
"Haxm6anA". 3To HaM KiuKercr nau6one K Ltcrr{He rzroregofi.
Kpyunufr Irrafix rapl'IKara "Harnr6augzt n XV nexe A6gypaxMaH
Axarr,tra ocraBrrJr HaM cBegeHr4r,
4ocrofrnrre BHilMaH:'Lfl I'I roBepltt. B AByx py6ou, KaK MbI caMI{ Moxeu y6"g"ru"", ecrb lpsMar yKa3Ka
,{xauu na EaxalaAuua Haxnrdarrra, ero carruKoB rr A€DKe Ha cJIoBo ..Harir6ana',:
"Cupp rrMt4 rrrr,rK AapAvroHAaH AoHaHr,
Ha x)nuuanurrJorr Ha xyArrr{couAorr AoHarrI.
Ae ua6ru ry ou 6acyr 6enaru rugaH,
Ba ran Harqtrv rapu6 na4lr6anqau gonau4,'
"[ap r',racuagu tparp uyn 6u6nnu lroxu,
3n acpopll xaKlrKar 6as4r.rH orox,u,
fap na4ur xyuu 6a naBdr,r Alarr cqpz{w y,
3a on naKru 6a HaK,nr6ang ito6u poxw.,'
Anrop rpyAa "Panlaxar arln yr-xa6r" @axpn4qnn A,rv ac-ca$r{ rra[r{crLrr BoJrHyroque crpoKr4 o
rro-
ctrenEr4x MIroBeHlt-sx Il cMeprrr EaxalflAnna Haxm6ur4a. @axpnqqut as-CaQu, rrrrrrrer ocHoBbrBatrcb Ha
cJroBtu( Ilrafixos, BLIAeBIrrux [ocJreAHI{e MHHythr Xaspara Haxll6arua,
uro *'u*'Ir Bcro cBorc xrr3Hb, TaK
rI Ao rlocJrenHero B3Aoxa ou 6rnr rIoJroH 6narosecrflfl 14 Mr{Jrocep[rrt. B ruzulenrxoft xauopre KapBaII
capirs B Kacpll Apr'lQoue B Bo3pacre 73 ter, oH Jre)Ka, rrpoBegr o6euun pyKaMH rro
cBerJIoMy JrrrIIy,
rIIiITalI MOJIIITBbI BO IdMlr ArIIaXa, C yIneJI B Mt4p UllOil.
-
B tpya" Ac-CaQu rpr4BereH Heu3BecrHoro aBropa o Xogxe Eaxalq4r,rne Ha-
nur6an4e.

'?aQr IIIodra Harcur6axgou xlxara 4yn6ry Azn,

Oure 6ygu ruoxr,r AHHy AaBIrar Mr{JlJraranr.
Macrany MoBorr y syu 6)E Kacpu Apueon',,
"Kacpu rzpQon" s-uu ca6o6 ouq4 xnco6u prxrrararrr:

ifi;r"-"'
9usro ero yxoAa roxe [oryqr{Jrocb .'Kacpu up$au',)l.

t-!sc17e "{9cpu,up{on'" e apa6cKoru nucb^4e 6 ucatecnefluu atucad nonyqumcs zod xudxpu,,7gl.. 3uaqum
Eaxayddun Harcw6and yilep 6 791/1389 zody-

z8
 Polopnonrra.r H arcIu6arr,tzv

EaxayrAltlt Hixn6anr
(pr. 1389)

ArolAuun Arrop flnry6 tlapxr.I

(yu. 1400) Allu 6ula Myxar.ruag a;r (yu. Aa7)
[xypaxauu (yv. 1413)

Cylrouuggnu CarAuIAnn
Mlxauua.u an-Kaurrapu
(yru. 1a55)

A6lypaxvron ,{xavu Hacupuyauu V6afrgyrno a.u Axpap 6uu

(yvr. 1492) Maxug aur-Lllor,rm Xlaxa Axpap Ba'tll
(pr. 1490)

OpuQ 6ururax l\6- Casal, Axuag an- Myxauru4g flapnnm Axuq[ ar-(Auronxu
an-cnuaur yu.
.ryJriro Eyxapu MyxaMMqA Foxu6unno) (yu. 1603)
(1,43O) (W. B Hcran6yne)

Cpe4nm Asur 3auauur,rft (Typuur) lln4nficruit

Xycour,r44uv 6un TarNz,qAus 3arcaput Aunoxo6a[r,r Axual Oapyrn

Eaxu6yrno (yu. B Merre 1640) (yu. 16ao) Cupxungu
(w. 1633) (yru. 1625)

MyxauuqA. Ca'au4 9xconul, Mypog 6ns Asru

Myxalaaux. 3y6afrput. rr Apyrrre
Oilal.z:u.s. Eyxopn
Ma:xapnx Mypoxrls (Cuptrx) (y*r. I72O)
Mypolu.s (Cupus.)

flannyo poAocJroBrryo Harm6auguu Mbr 3arrMc'rBoBnJrn lre pa6orrr yrenoro-cy{rleBeAa ns Anrnnu .[x.
C.Tpuvrunreua "Cy$2frcKr,re op,ueurr r klcnaMe").

29
 Kar paccra:blBaerct B "Paruaxar", B_roHocrr,r Xogxa Myxauuq4 Ilopco uqa nyru orKa3a or Mffp-
crux 6lar u 6opr6u 3a Bepy npHIIIen r Xolxe Eaxay4urauy. oguaro ,r"^prrr".uir sofirq ,nyrpi,
raK I{ crotr y Bopor. [enyt[ra, oAHa Ir3 pa6ornnq Xarpar Xo4xr.r, BbIIIrJra u Br4It4T, rITo "ouonoAofr
croI,IT
rlapeHb Ir xAer. Hu'Iero He cKa3aB, AeByIrIIl Borua o6paruo B
AoM. ,[erynrra cKa3arra: "V{urerb, Bac
oxstAaer OALIH Kpactrrufr (napca) rcuona" Xarpar EaxayrAun cKa3zLrr n:,;tirly-
K roHome: "Brr oxagrtsaer.-
ct Kpacl4Bblii ronoma, TeIIepb 6ygere Ha:rmarrcr llapca, noxanyricra Bxogr,rre!" Ilocne ororo cpeAr,r
Httx roqgarracb qrrcrrul, Kpacuras., qecrHas I,r BepH r 4pp<6a
Wvrslt t Ir Welrrr4Ka. Tar uonoAolr qelorex
Haqarr Ha3brBarbce Ilapcal.
Xd,paru Xo4xa B3tJr eto IroA cBoe Bocrrr4Tzurue u orleKy, oKaSbrBttr enry oco6oe BHrrMaHIre cpepr4
Apymx yIeHI{KoB, BoAr'rn ero c coOofr r Xngxa:, uocbul.ul cBorrx yqeHI{KoB r Hurrauyp.
o4uaxgu XoAxa Myxauu44 flapca Bo cHe yBHAe.rr cBoeno
;.,.rr4'terr. r,r cupocr,rJr enr: "vqr,rreJrb, qro
HIDKHO c.qeJlarbsro6H nafiru cnacemue?" Ou ornerul: "lelafr To, qro nqqo lelarb rrpu [ocneAHeM
B3IIoxe. Kar nsBecrHo, qro Bo BpeMx flocJlerHero Bq4oxa Mbr Bce co3Hararrbrro lpercrorrM
uepe[ Arra-
xoM ac6ilwo,,2.
n MePr' le-
pr, LI peJlrrnro3-
HyIo IIrKoJry, BoctrLrraul tt r,l,tpasrnr MHorrtx ero yrreHl4Kog. gTor .Igcrrrft IIeJIoBeK, KaK I{ e1o yrluTenb
Wep B Bo3pacre 73 :lLer.
Xolxa A6y Hacp flapca (cnu MyxaMMa,qa Ilapca), Xogxa Myxauu44 (Darorapu, Xolxa Mycatpup
Xopasuz 6rr,ru ero yrleHuKaMu [r BocrllrraHuut<auz. Ecru rouopzir o6 oAHoM r{3 rrocJreroeareJrert Ha-
rur6auga, XolNe MycaQnpe Xopa^:uu, To oH poAoM 6rrr z: Xope:ua. sryvz p"aor c Xo4xaz 6y:ypr,
BbInoJIHtn MHoxe'crBo ero llopyleulrfi, yAoctavBurcs. BocxBiureHr.rit, 6m yBajKaeM l,l noqr,rraeM.
flocle
cMeprl{ clyx6e y Xogxu Myxarrrvraga flapca r{ Bocrll{TbrBurcfl y
uero. I yqeHrrKoB.
Co EaxalgAuue Harnr6ange. B oguol,r n3 err{x paccKa3oB oH
qltcrocepneqHo rloBecrByer o roM, KaK criul
Jl.leHrlKoM Hanur6asra, [epeHrrMzr]r ero 3Harl[t tr Bocrrwtbt-
BaJIc ', uyremecrBoBaJl c HI{M' KaK yllocrorlulcs qecTlr 6rnr co6eceAHItKoM srofr 6raro.recrznofi
rr,IrIHo-
crs. B o.qHoM H3 ero paccKasoB roBopllTc-fl: "Xolxe MycaQupy :npaBunct caMar (rvrysuratr,noe co6pa-
uue) ro BpeMt 3IIKpa. kI sor oAHiDKrbI Bo BpeMJI 3rrKpa, Korra oH cl,rgen cperfr MJtsbrKaHToB r,r trpoBo.[un
caMol' Heoxfl'IJIzuIHo BOIITeJI B KoMFrary Xogxa Eaxayggun. Tepuemro BblcrylnaB I{c[onHegtrg caMoa
My3bIKzuITaMI'I u noJIyq[B or ororo yAoBoJrbcrBrre, B KoHrIe co6pannr Bc-rr]x [por,r3nec cneAyrouyro
rpa-
roIIeHHyIo MDICJIb: "Mo zs Kop HaMuKyHIIM Ba lIHKop HaMI{KyHrrM"t. I{:secrHo, qro BbIIIIecK:BaHHilrI
MbIcJrb tB[terct oqeHb nolylrpuoli cpeAIr conuKoB LI cropoHnl4ros Harur6ar.1ivrt t.1 oflpeAenser orHo-
meHrle Eyxay4nuna Haxur6au,qa K sal4ob (lryarrxe, recHe, uinenar"r),
Xolxa MycaQup Xopa:ulr exle paccKarhrBaert ..OgHax4u Xagparn Xo.qxan 6ysypr co cBor{MH
cJryxailIIrMI'I H yrIeHI'IKaMu o6lrsur xaluap Id Harlar crpor,rrb Aou. Bo BpeMs crpor,rreJrbcrBa Korra coJrH-
ue 6rr,ro B 3eHI4Te rI AeHb crtul xapKI{M, oH ytt4Aer KaK ero pa6orarcrqi" yo"o"Kr{ r{3HbrBalor or xapbr,
IloxruleB I{x cKa3,ul: "flocrarovno, Apygbt, otguxafire, oruegaftre e.qu!". Pa6orasmue yMbrBtrrucb, rlo-
o6egar, orAbIXarII{, luai;tm upox;rquHbre r,r relrrrcrbre r\ ecra, rr or 3rrotr ymnrr Ko cny. Myxaurug liup"u
TaKxe pac[oJroxlncq B TeHv 6o,Tblloto, KpaclrBoro IIBerKa fi BbIcritBLIJr cryrlnu rperbc-tr ua coluqe. B
ero BpeMt Baxay4[un Harrr6auA nwitgx H3 IIoMa orursAer c Hexnocrblo ll sa6oiofr csoflx
)AeHHKoB,
.re)I(aBIUI4x Kro rIoA AepeBbtMlr, KTo rrol IIBgrzMr4, 3areM floAofila rc mo6lruolvry yrcHvKy, curqeuy My-
xaMMa[y flapca, \ourarnBpro cr)mnr{ cKa?aur: "locuo4u, Bo nMJr ert4x Hor Moero ynrrtg^u, 6aarotlopu
cBoero pa6a Baxayg4urnat"a
3Hatur, 3Aecb Ir3JIo)KeHo o crlnbHol.r rrc6su u HexHocrr{ Xarparra Xogxall 6ysypra K cBorrM yrleg11-
xau, oco6enrro K orJrrrrrr,rBnreMycr or rpyrux xuzoy Xogxa Myxavrvr44y flapca.

IrPawaxam, cmp.57

i Pauaxant- Cmp' 65. 3dect mawxe uzpa ctoe, docnoeHo o3Hauarouree: "Mu smoeo He denaeLa, Jrru gtnozo He
uanpupyelw".
" Ta,+t xe.
30
 MasnoHo flucyb Yapxr
gror ceroseK TaKiKe oAr{H lr3 BepHbIX freHIrKoB It noc.rregoBare,rerl Xarpaur Xogxa EaxayAAnna
Harur6agga. Kax roBoprr, Xogxa Harrn6ann, cqr{Taf, -f,iry6a gapxrl 6.nusrm{ K ce6e lt oKil3HBa,I eMy
BbrcoKoe yBaxeHr4e, rroAapr4rr eMy cBoro raK'ro (uo6erefiry uz rpy6oia uarepuu). .Ilrry6 9apxu poIoM t43
Kl{IIrJraKa 9apx o6"uacru fznnuu (qexrp o1nacru fasuu n ASranueraue) u ero MotuJra HaxoAtlTc.f, B
T4[xururcraHe cpe.qr4 fuccapcrzx rop. gror qe,JroneK rrog pyKoBoAcrBoM XoAxau 6ysypra cruul BeJIIIKIIM
yqeHbIM cBoero BpeMeIr, iTIIrIHocrbIo B coBeplrlgHcrBe oRrra4esuefr ecrecrBellublutr rr ryiaHrrrapHblMl{
HayKaMn, BeJrriKr{M MbrcJlzri}JreM -cytpuerrl. Kar on caM paccKa3rtBasr, lpoyqlrB[rucr y XoIxu Eaxala-
All'Ha B KurruraKe Kacpu Op.nSoH, vro u Eyxape, ilo pa3pelrreHlllo II yKaitaHnlo cBoen) yrlurerltr, BepHyncs
Ha polrrHy. flponoxar ero, Harlr6aHA cKzu.rrr caetryrouee: "(Daruppo a: Eyxopo r4N.ozutr4 caQap myn,
unron QapuyaaaHA Ke, oH eie as Nro 6a ro pacrrAa acr, 6a 6aularouu Xy4o 6upacou, ro pa66v-saomru
6onrap 6orrral"t 1cra.:al uue Xarparu Xorxa [poBoxaJr B rryrerrrecrBne H3 liyx.aptt, y.ru pa6on 6oxrux
BceMy roMy, rleMy rbl Hayqll,'rcg y Hac, [oKa gru 3Hzurur He craHyt npravunofr 6ra:KeucrBa ue'rorera).
flogvepruyrafl HaMr4 Qpa:a "crarryr npuuuuofr 6naxeHcrsa ueronera", upl,In[eKaer oco6oe BHI{MaHVe.
Mrr r,rMee\,r [paBo cqvrrrrh,.rro srofi Spa:ofi EaxayA4nn Harrr6asl tl3ilaraer ocHoBnos 3HatreHl4e ]qe-
nur Haru6aqllur. Mu uo.rr:uocrbro BepnM, qro r.[asnofr ueJrbro yueuvr Harn6aunrq flBlltercfl qecrHar,
.turafl, IrpaBeAHaJr c.uyx6a Bo r{Mr cqacrbt qeJroBeqecrsa. Tarat LIAes [paBegllofo cJIyxeHI'It Bo IIMII
cqacrbfl qeroBerrecrBa, trBJltercg ocgorsoft ryMaHncluqecroft rogqeuultefi, BcgMt{pHbIM 3HaqeH[IeM y{e-
Hr.r.fl Harilr6aHtrvs,.
I4rar, Maslono .f:ury6 gapxu [oc,te noJryreHr{fl pa?perueHut u 1yra3arnfl. Xo,uxu EaxaylAzna, }xo-
Ar{r B cropoHy E4[axnrana n garanusHa. Tarur uraBeHcrBoBan rropofr ussecrHrrft xa,rnQ EaxayAAuua
Harur6anAa - XoA-xca AnoyllAuu Arrap. Vapxu c Arrapou [poBoAlrr HecKonbKo ner s o6Jracrrx E44ax-
[ron" garauuoua. LIuesHo B errz roAu Harur6au\ttx vepe: Ba,qax[Ian paclpocrpauterct n AQrauucran.
Mannono .f,rxy6 Yapxr.l raKx(e [yrenecrByer r lepar, Mepr n Erurner. Cne4yroqzft 6arlr uputauexlrr
uepy Mannouo fltry6a 9apxu:
"9y ryrolrrz o$ro6arvr, XaMMa an o$ro6 r!.au
Ha ura6av, na ura6uapacrzM, Ke xa4tcl,I xo6 rlau".'
(Paw t coJrrrua, uooroMy roBopro o HeM Bce BpeMlI,
A ue reunufr, uovurateJrb reNIHorbI, vro6 paccKanblBarb
cnonugenur)

Dror :rn6uuufr ytennri 14 rrocJleAoBareJlb Mamouo f'sxfra rlapxu crluTaeTcs caMbIM BoIUKIIM yqe-
nrru cyQueu u 6orrrcloBoMr cBoero BpeMenr,r u Manepanaxpe u Xopacalre. 06 srofr serurofi :ruquocrra
yvenuft 3HaroK rBoprrecrBul HaBou, AoKrop QnuororzvecKlax HayK upoQeccop Fourp Banuxogxaen
oly6.nzxorar piBMbIIxJIeH flA Ha crpalrvqax xypHana "MyroKor'".
IIIafrx CupaUN Ky.na'r flapuacu, Maanouo CafrQyrgnH Mauaplr raKxe cquralorct rI3BecrHbIMn
Bocrrr4raHHr.rraulr XoAxlr E,axay4gzna. Mannouo CauQgauu Manapu II3 KLIUnaKa MaHap pafroua @ap-
rar (Ilapreur) o6lacru IIIaur (Tarrrreur). Sror ruru.naK HaJ(oALrTct r 4 Qapcaxax or TaruxeHra. Eror
qeroBeK TaKXe BocrrvrblBnJrcfl u yrrrrJrcr y Baxagraua Haxn6anlLa v cqrrrallct 6tuzxuv. ero [ocJIeAoBa-
TeJreM. flocle KontruHbr cEoero HacraBHuKa Manapz Wulrcs. fl rIptIWHoxaII cBotr snada.Il.fl y Xolxz
Aloyuzua Amapa, n cra,Il u3BecrHbIM MbIcJrI,IreireM cyQueru cBoero BpeMeHIz.
Kpynuouy lllafixy raptaKara Harnr6aunng s XV BeKe, BcecropoHHe parpa6orarmeMy ero reoperll-
qecKve u npaKTurrecKl{e aclireKThl, cql{TaBrrruitct AylrotHblM orlloM u uacran,HvKoM BetrltKr{x lnvnoctetT,
raKlrx rar 6a6yp, Teuypran;r XV seKa v lllafr6ouuAu, Xo.Uxe Axpapy Ba,rU sce elrle He AaeTcfl. BceCTo-
poHpllll u uy6orax oIIeHKa, Dror eerzKufr qeroseK 6rrur nepnrrM )trIltreJreM aBTopa "Pauraxar" @axpua-
nuna Atu ac-CaQu, rtoeroMry n 909 ro4y xrrAx(prl @zxpugglru A;rn ac-CaSu n fepate, ro coBery cBoero
BToporo yrr{'re.rrs, Xasparu A6gypaxvraua ,flxauu HarILIc€uI cBolo AparolleHlryro pa6ory, HMeHyeMyK)

t oPawaxant>. Cmp. 67
t ,rPawaxam>- Crip.68
3
E.Batuxodxaee, Xoxa Axpolt: yildupua 6a xeuturyam "Mynoryom". M3 u M4 1991 zod.

37
 '?auraxar afin y.u-xa€r" ("Karnz IrcroqHI,IKa xu:nra") rr BTopyru ee qacrb, rroJrrrocrbro nocBtrr,ur Xogxe
Axpapy Baru.
XoAxa 4*pup Bffiu s XV s. yKa3bIBiuI r.rlaBuoe HarrpaRrrenr,re yqenr4f, Harur6anlufl, roBopnrr cJre-
ryrcuee: "O6rrqali nen_suuefr TapLIKara Xogxarou cocrour B ToM, qro6u Bce cBor,r xopouue KarrecrBa
3aHlrMarb s xaxoft-Hll6yar pa6ore... fouopurru, qro xors Iocrur(eHLre nIoIbMu fuilaxa [I 3aBtrcr.rr or
crerIeHI'I IIx ilaMtrl4, Ho cauluT xoporuufi uytb oro [pr{Hecrr,r oAHoMy MycynbMaur.rHy pa,Uocrb".
I4:recrnrtft yvenufi AQrauzcraua A64ynxafi Xa6u6u KoMMsHTtrpyfl sry rer"ry, ml"*rr: "I{s croB
Xoltx<lt Axpapa crarIoBltrc.f, tcHo; qro narm6anl r4fl. cyrrTaJrr-, upr,Ineienu", o6rqecrneHllo rloJre3nhlx
rryBcrB r(aK
)aoBoJlbcrBrre 14 pa.qocrb, 6laropogcrBoM u xoporuI,IM KaqecrBoM".l

Xoaxca Alayaavrr Arrap

PoAurerI'I eroro Kp)mHoro ) IeHI{Ka Xo4xz EaxayAAuua Harur6an4a poAoM ua Xope:ua. HMq sro-
ro yqeHHKa MSxavr'l44 att-Byxapu. On yulatcx HorrocpercrBerrno y Xogxv Baxaylwrci a gocrnr 6ols-
Iurlx yc[exos r o6.rracru CyQusrvra.
Xo4xa A-rrayqulln Arrap rloBecrByr o cBoeM yqrlrefie Eaxayl4uue Harn6anre roBoprr.[: "'Belmxuit
Xogxa, ga 6yger cnrtqeuuofi eto rafina, roBopr{Jr, qto 6rrrr 6:u.rsrurd qeroBeKoM Auaxa, [epBurrge€ r,r
IlcrurJJ,Hee 'Ielur 6rrtr 6ttusrvW qeJIoBeKoM HapoAy BeJILIKoTo lI MoryrrlecrBeHHoro alraxa".
Anrop "Pauaxar"a (Daxpzggvn Alu ac-Ca{H rrprrBoAr,IT ,qparolleurroe BblcKrnbrBamne, T.e. parrril(y,
rIpI'IHa,qJIex(aqyIo Xo.qxe Myxauuany Arrapy. 9ra paruxa nracrrr: "MuQapuyIaHA Ke a3 Miil|oparr{ Ma-
nroftnxu ry6apo, K44Aaca Onnox-Taono aPBoXaM, znepar KyHaHAa 6a Xauou MxKAop
Qafis ur.rranaHarr/I
rpllQrau re cudpatu ou 6y:ypl po ffI{Hoxra acr Ba 6a xauou cuQar raBaiKxyb naruyaa na gup on cnear
4apoM4qa". flepenon: "loBopnr, qeroBeK rloKlIoHl,rBrllzfics r,ronrraM rr J4oBner.ropurmzfi 4yotu nerurrx
MyIpeUoB tBJrFrctrIExct cBtTbIMIt Arutaxa, Irspel{f,r KasecrBa orux BerrrKr{x B HeKoropofr creueflIr [ony-
rlaer rlonb3y rI IIPfl3HaB orltx BeJrI{Ktrx, [oqlrrzu plx BeJrI,rK]Ie KaqecrBa 6yger craparbcr uMerb orn Karre-
cTBa".
Hg srmecra:iaHHblx coBeroB yqeurlKa Xa:paru Eaxalu,{una Harur6auaa - XoAxa Atay4usa Arra-
Pa IIotBIIteTc.f, IIoJIe3HzuI' MyApiu MLIctIb, qTo qeIoBeK trOKJIOHIIBIIIIICb MOII4JIZIM BeIILIKI4X M)trpeqoB IrpU-
o6peraer MHofoe, qro oH Mo)Ker npuo6perarb - BbrcoKLIe KatrecrBa grl,Ix BeJrrzKux rrryxefi.

Xoaxca Xacarr Amap

Oro.r uyapeu cy0uit rnrursrcr crap[r,rM z ruo6uurru cbrHor\{ Xo4,xu Anaypguua Arrapa, a raKx(e
:ffeu Xo4Nu Harcnr6anla. XoAxa Xacas c ronocrr,r 6rlr rpacuBbrM, cepbe3HbrM, JroBKr{M rr WHbrM
MaJIbqItKoM, I{ rlooro-ury oqeq6 paHo npzurfllayncr Xasparu 6axay4ruuy Harur6au4y, Eroro KpacrrBoro H
WHoro [apeHbKa Xolxau 6ysypr 6eper u yqeHr,rKrr, a 3areM x<eHr,rr na csoeft Aoqep[, l.r c oco6uu ug-
nocepAl{eM Boctlt4TblBaer ero. [3 'pawraxad' upr,lnegena vHTepecHru [Icropr{r o .qercKux tropil( XoAxra
Xacana: "O4naxgtr, ToJIIla gereft urparra rra ognoft v3 ylrr4r\ iunuara "Kacpn OpnQou". Og^uu us xzx,
xpacuenft, nosxfifi u xpa6pufi MaIIbquK cKaKaJr Ha [rpr,rBoM 6rnre, a ocralrnue trer:u 6exalu 3a erlrM
Bc4AHrrKoM Kpl{qa, o6ronr-s Apyr-Ipyra rr rroAHr{M{ur rny6tr [blrrrr Ha yJrrrqe. C.lyvafino aaynluit ro
)1lrr,r-
qe, Xogxa EaxayAAuu Harnr6agA [oAXoAr{r K .qerrM rr c
)ar.rB,rrenuem ua6mogaer cIIeHy. 3areu oH rlo-
Eo4If' K MirIIbgItKy-BcaIHIrKy cKa3aII cJre4yr,rrlee: "'Trr cuuoK, 6rrcrpo BHpacrerxb lr rroB3pocJreenb,
go6remrcr 6onruroro yBiuKeHIIt, rrHIII,uLTa, caM[Ie MorytrIecrBeuHble TIpaBIIToJTI,I B snar ynaxe^nug lytryf
Irnrrl IeIIIKOM Aepxa rBoero Kolrt 3a y3,[bl!" VI aeficrtureJrbHo raK H cnyqrlTocb. flpegcra:anrax Xasparu
Xo4xa Eaxalgguna c6ststuct.
, 9epea HecKoJIbKo ler, Xogxa Xacan Arrap rrourpocneB, ,[ocrr{r MHororo s o6Jracrn Cyez:rraa, npn-
6rln s fepar, 6nmmuir rorAa crorlr{qefr Xopacalra. flpanurelr lepara Illaxpyx Mupsa ltZll-t++11 n
caM yc,uKl,rBaer Xo4xy Xacana Arrapa na
uecrra rep6nroAa nelxKou. B gror cavmui
acaHoM ua ce6e. Yro6rr ycuor<orarr nep6-
noga Illaxpyx_Mup:a cau 6exur 3a HIrM, r,r yxBarnBrrrncb 3a yrArlbr, Aepraer ux. Bep6nrog novye"t*o"u"
cwry, r4lloqr Illaxpyxa Mup3a, Kpuqa ocraHaBJrrrBaercr. Xolxa Xacan Arrap clycrr{Bmrrcb Ha seMJrro c
nep6lrcga paccKa:|ar cynraHy r-epara o rrpeAcKa3arrr.rlr Eaxalarnsa Harm6*m i paccMemrrlr eruM ero

' Bomup Batuxodxaee. Xoxa Axpop: Yftdupua sa xaryuryanx *Mytoryom,, /99] zod M4
32
Bo.rrrqecrBo rralrrltril(a. floc,re eroro yBaxeuue lllaxpyxa Mnpro r Xolxe Xacau Arrapy eue 6olee
yeenuvra;rocrt.
IIIafix A6aya PallaK, MasroHo Xracauygul flapca Earrxz, MasroHo A6y Catua, XoAxa A6ay:r:ro
lluou Llc$axavu, IIIafrx Vrr,rap Marypu.qu, Mauouo Axr"r4l1 Macra 6r'rnlr usnecflIblMlt yqeuraKaNrrr v
BepHbrMrr rroclrel{oBareJrf,Mrr Xa:paru Xo4xn A-uay44uua Amapa.

Manrtorro Axanaa Macrca

O srofi yraxaeuofi JrrrqHocrrr, po[oM us Be]axrrraHa, n '?aurau[ar" [prrBegeHa HnTepecH,rt lrclopktf,:
"Oguax.qrt, Axuql Macrlr ctrpocrrB pa?perreHnr y cBoero yqfirens, Xo,{xra Auayuuuua Atrapa, yxoll{r
u: Byxaplr n Ealaxurau, 9ro6br Haaecrr,rrb po.ucrBeHHrmor. Bosrpanlatrcb n Eyxapy oH Bclpeqaerct c
KpaCI4BbIMLI u [peJIeCTHbIl4U Ie4,r[KaMII, KylarcIII4MIIct B IOJIOM BLIAe B perlKe ropHoro rUUt:rara. Cna-
vana Axvaq Macra M)Ara€:Tcr or yfpbr3eHr,rs coBecrlr, Ho 3areM roptqar KpoBb upeo6nagaer r oH rlaliHo,
na6.urclaer 3a KpacI,IBr,rMr,r, HexHbrMLr r4 rrblnrHbrMrr reJraMn AeByIIIeK. 3areu Axual Bo3Bparqaercr n Ey-
xapy- 9eper ilBa, rpu AHq XoDKa AnayAgxn Arrap co6upaer Bcex cBorrx ) renrrKoB u xarruQon ua co6-
pauue. Ha co6pauzr.r Arrilp c[pailrrrBaer y Axrra4ga: "Hy cuu rraoft, paccravizre, qro Bbr BilAenv Bo Bpe-
Mfl rlyreuecrBtrfl, Ha pornray r{ r{3 KaKrrx co6urlrft KaKrre BhrBo,qbr c\eilaJrn; paccKilKl4Te Bce Iro [optAKy
rz no4po6no!" Axvrau paccKa3blBaer Bce, qro rlpor{3oru,[o c HnM. Ho lmycraer l{croplrrc c KyrliuolqnMrrct
,ueBymKaMr{. H torga, Xo1;ra Auaylgnn Arrap upepBaB roBopr.rr: "paccKa3brBafire cueno Bce, rITo 6uro,
*rrrr s, caM paccKa;Ky ory BeceJryro t4croprrrc u pa:o6navy Bac". 3areu Axua[ KpacHer, rblctqy pan 3arrl4-
rrarcb paccKazar co6paru1o o cIIeHe c rq/IraruIllrlMr{cr neByluraMH. B KoHue pa3roBopa XoANa A,raylann
Arrap rrpucrhrAr.rB HeMHoro Axuaga, cKat{u co6panmuucs: "flocuorpr{Te Ha Jluqo eroro rcIrofo, ropflqe-
ro MonoAIIa!"'. B ro caMoe co6panue Axruqg Macra [orryBcrBoBaJr, qro rvilzrlcs, cBorIX cougenufr u
yrprneuufr lr rar-6gro 3ilHoBo polIIIJIcfl, oqucrl,IBllucb or Bcex cBolrx {pexoB, crafl rrncrblM nepeA cBo-
HM YIIUTEflEM COPATHI{K:TMII.
3Havur, B 'I oroM paccKa3e Mbr BIt4uM csollctseunbre rapuKary Harm6anAu.s qeJloBerlecKylo BocrrIa-
TaHHocrb, rrecrnocrb, cso.ficTeeuHyro rlertM qucrocepAeqHocrb, cBs4)mluocrh y.Inrerg, o qzlrleKvx co6rl-
Tprflx, 14 cuoco6nocrb ero MacrepcKr{, MyApo Bocrll{TbrBarb cBoero yqeHVKa. Eue ero co6pauue rloKtrttJ-
Baer, qro s HaKU6aruuI{ IToJII{ocrbro 3anpetrIeHbl HeBocrIHTaHHocrb, cKaHAaJrbcrBO, Iroxorb I{ rpex, Bo-
o6qe s eroM BeJrr,rKor.r 6pirrcrne ua6rro4aeM xapaKTepurre, 4ocrofrrrbre [oApiDKaHIrIo HopMbI rIoBeIeIrI{fl.
fieprum Axrrlqu Carraarpraruu, Cailug IIIapuS ,(xy:prauu raKxe ) Itlnllcb y Xo4xn AlayIAuua Ar-
Tapa, H rrplt3brB:uril HapoA Eyxapu Ha tryrb Cyrpzsua, qrrcrorbr, rrecrHocrl4 rr Bepbl.
B ro upeun, raKjKe Nzr Manlrouo HilsawnuH XaMylrr. On rarxe, 6rr,r yreuuxou Xo4xu Auayl-
quna Arrapa, vr B cBoro oqepeln 6rul )^rrrreJreM BeJrrrKoro Mlqpeqa cy+ru Xopacana H Bocro.rHoro Typ-
Kecrarla Manrouo Ca'nryrluua Karurapr,r. A serurzfi MbIc.lrHTeJrb, rloor, I{ AyxoBflbrfr aBTopvrer rIepcE/I-
cKo-r,rcJrirMcKoro Mrrpa Mannono A64ypaxuou ,flxavru HerrocpeAcrBeHHo Wvrrct y Ca'rry''t.rl.uua Kamrapu.
Eolee lecrrrl Kanrrapcrux yqenbrx cyQr.ren, raKrrx, rar Max4yuIl Ab3aM, Xugorrylra XoAxa (AQQar
XolNa), Wilrmcb rr BocrrrrrbrBrurucb y Manrrouo Ca'AuAAuHa Kanrlapn. 34ecr ult KparKo ocraHoBl{Mct
na Xo:pare Maanono Ca'g'uqune Kanrapu. Ou, rar MbI yr(e roBopuJrr{, 6rut yveuurou Mannouo Hlr-
3aMyA[rrna Xarvryna. Kar paccna:brBaercr s '?affaxar", olHax4bI HusaMuAAuuy Xauyttty qnIH I{3 ero
)AeHr,rKoB rrpfiHec cBorc pyKorr:ach 14 rroflpocl,rJl cBoero )l.lureJrr oueHlrrb ero pa6ory. I{ rorEa Xauynt
[porrzrir,'r cregyoquli pyfiau:
"Eoplo 3r,r ryrl3op uryAaM pa{ry3apl,I,
Eap ryn laazapil Quraruarra az 6exa6apu.
Auaaop 6aratna ryQr, urapr"rar 6ogo,
Pyxcopz Marr r.rHxo Ba ry,{ap ryJI Hr,rrapfl".'
(Hecrol nno pir-rrporyirrrBarrcr rro uBeroqHoMy ca,Iry,
He :uafl cMorpen Ha IIBerbr,
Jlto6lrnrag cKazura yflpeKar: "He crruso re6e?
Kor4a croro t s4ecb) cMorptrrrrb rbr Ha qserH").

'_ oPawdxam>. Cmp. 9I

"- <Pau.taxam>. Cnry. 98
' <<Pautdxdm>. Cmp. 121

33
 3.(ecr MauoHo Hzsamyg4uu Xauylr xoqer cKiuarb cBoeMy yqenuKy, BcerAa cMorprr na o6pa: A,r-
naxa prIIoM c ro60fr u rre Ha qro .qpyroe, :xaBrn c nrc60nuo A-rmaxa.
Panraxa: "ll_u{apuyaaHA Ke) xap Ke rKXo, x,inota xo Ba {ap Ke xaMa xo, 1,r4{ xo1'.1
rITo KTo 614er nuecre c EoroM, Tor^tre[oBeK 6y1er
fleperog: "Cra3afiE; nerle rr Kro 614er eerle,
ror 6ger lc.vr$e"- Kax uzltto,3recb BhlTBl{raeltcg. Mbrqrlb, qro KTo coerilHlrrcl_ c EoroM, tot iyo1""tuy"t
Be3Ae, a KTo He coeAuHHTcfl c Eorou, ror HIdrIIe He cyqecrByer. 3Aecr roBopurcr o upo6.uevre Eora z
qeJIoBeKa, Bax'qara MexAy HHMI;I, To ecrb
o upo6leue BoxIIarI{ ByxyA. OAnuu rzs rpynHbrlnux upeAcra-
nure'uefr ) IeHI'I{ Harnr6aurus MaBroHo Hnsauyuuttou Xavrymolu, socxsaroercr qeJroBex,
roroprrfi
BMecre c Borou.
B cBoeM Tpl2e rr paccKa3 o Mar_
IIIafrx Axysafra, ero rafrna, pac_
a Ko[rKy. Korla Ky, oHa BrrrrMa_
Te'TbHo cMoTpeJIa B oxltAaHrltr Ha HopKy MbIIITI I,I He oAvH BoJrocoK ee
IllepcTq He rlreBeJrzJ]cg. .fl ue uor
OTBOCTLI : ,'gfr
MerIlIIIe MeHb
ycepAHo
llra (y.reg
.qonxeH TplallTbcx c raKLrM BHIIMaIrueM, KaK KOITIKa XIytrIar MbIIITKy y EopKr,r, xarpbrM u roronrtu. Ta-
KiuI x(I{3HeHHafl n xapaKTepEat KaprlrHa, Mox(er 6rrrr upnuepoM orHorrreuufr uerqy_ealux_ (lvrypu1)ovr
r{ ero HacraBHI'IKoM. 9ra rapruna HarloMl{Haer oruomeHlu MexAy uoftrulrxou - rrrreneM rn tiryroi" -
J
yrIeHtrKOM.
BeJrr4Kt4M r,r KpyrrHbrM ITTafixoM cpe4lrr Illafrxos
Morflrrrr Ca'awry\y1aa Kamrapu tr ero no6zuoro

XoAxa Saxalqarnu Harur6aur cBorIMIr rroJrHEMIr Mt4;rocepArrt :uryteflMfi o rltrsr-ors, qecrgocrr{, 11o-
MoIIIu 6eAnuu, fipaBocyAl{rr u 6oro6osffieHHocrrl oKilruul rrnororBopHoe BrII{rHr{e rla Mgor[x nooroB n
urtc.flIzreneli xrrBmlrx locJre Hero.
Kpynurd IIIafrx Harm6au4LIs s XV BeKe, rpKoe cBerrLJro B KyJrErypHoM Mrrpe fepara A64ypaxuou
,{xarwt orlenb BbIcoKo orIeHLLBaer Eaxay4guna Harur6asaa. Ilorovry tto rruir"" qepe3 ero yqr,rrerc
".or c
Xalvryura, u ero ) rr{Terls XoAnor Myxauuq4a flapca
Ir B cBolo oqepeAb cbrrpaJr 6olrnrylo ponb B pac[poc
Llullm u Hpaue. Xa:par A64ypaxrraan flxaun B cBoeM
cBoero yquTeIfl'-HacTaBHI,IKa BbIcoKo oIIeHI,rBaer, Ha3bIBiuI ero "qucTbu )KeMvy[oM": 'YAap naRecennrrfi
tto .flcpIl6y aoKarldllct lo Eyxapu... Tarofi qucruft x(e\drryr He Be3Ae rrorBr.serc.s. 3e6rr Fyxapcrar
craJra ero (Eaxayaluua Harur6alrga) so4orofi xurori".
Bepnrtft )nreHLIK u lyvnruft Apyr A6ayprxMana ,{xarr,nr, A4zruep Harou, B rpyle "Hacozu yl-
wyxa66ar", TaK roBopur o Hartl6aqlle fi ero yqeHHLr: 'XoAxa Myxaula^aa Har<ur6anl- - My*i"-
{aA ^*"
z6n MyxarvrMag Fyxapu. Y,runu 14 BocrrrrrhrBarrr,r ero Xoaxa Myxauual [io6on Carrrocu Ar"p "* r
Caititul Kyran. On yraficu H BoclrlrraHne Haruel or Ayxa Xa:paru XoAxa A64yxuura ftrx4yranvr..."3.
Kar uarner Anurrep Hasou B oroM rpyAe, EaxayrArau Harur6ang B Mono.[ocrrr Brrrr{T cbu. Bo cne
oH xoAI{T rloKllolrfltcb Mor.IJIaM r Byxape kr BrryE'T BeJrlrKo.rrerlHrrfr rpou Ea xoJrMe Ha oAHoM I{3 KJraI-
6uq' Ha rpoHe cvrr4r senuK:zfr yueurui cy$nfi Xotrxa A6lyxanzr llaagyBauu rr BoKpyr Hero ctrlrrrr ero
caxa6u. RaxalE[n_u )BHaer cpeAlr uzx Xogxy Myxarrauq4a Eo6o. OAvn v3 MyApeqon ionopzr Eaxayluz-
uy Harru6auly: "Ha rporre XoAxa A64yxa,rur<, a BoKpyr Hero eft) floc;reroBareJu4 ", E rrocJleAoBa"eluuo
rda.?brBaer vrx vIMeIJa, KorAa AoIneJr 4o Xo4xz Myxarvruaga Eo6o crasa.n: "Ero rbr Bullen rrp' xrr3Htr rr
oH
4a,r re6e 6ypn (ronornofi y6op)", n cKa:;aJr, gro Heqncras. cvra 6lqer cropoHrrrbcr re6s. 3areM cKa:tar,
HacaS, p Cafifilrgy Kynary. IIo ero rrpuKasy r orrrpaBuJrct n HacaQu
Auzpa. Mrroft) xoporrrero il 1rrrvn MeHr 3r{Kpy, olnicutt uce ero crb-
cII
roJrr, 3I{KpoM uranlafl,. Kro-ro y Hr.rx cupoczn: "Ecm rul B BaIIreM

'^Tanu xe. Cmp. 123

" Tutt xe.
t Anuutep Haeou. Tpydu
xv moil. Llgdamerrbcmno F.Fyaou. Tauxernn, 1968. cmp. 130.

34
 ca}{orT' Otseru;tu; "Her". Eue y Htrx ctrpoc[Jll{, 3ageM 3AaH[e Ba-
TaprrKare 3vKpl,r trx{u(pr xIrJrBaT r.r
mero rapr,rKara? Orserr.ilru, aHAXWaHTIa xlrJrBar : cHapyxu 6rnr c HapoAoM, a BHyrpIi 6nrr c Annaxou.
Eafir:
'As gapyu rraB omuo ra a,: 6epyr 6eronanau,
Hu vynuu :a6oparmu rav rrnr,r6ylaruap xaxoH".
Crctzatu, rlro y I{x HI4KorAa ne 6rrsaer pa6on }r ycJlyr. Ilonpocllnu o6ucnurr srcl. Ouu orBsruru:
"A Kor4a gror r{up pa6crua il rocrroAcrBa cxolunr4cb Apyr c ,qpyroM?"l
H ronopu.rrn, HaI[ cuoco6 - 6ece4a r.r cJroBo B yerilHenrrr1 n B cJroBe Hecqacrre; go6pota n o6n1ecr-
re, a o6qecrBo B 6eceqe, c yc;roBueM - He Bpe[r{T6 npyr Apyry, u ecJru canrlKt4 TaKrrM o6parou 61qyr
rrpoBoAr.{rb 6ecegu, To B e'roM nafrnyr MHoro xoporuero.
Onu ronopm, y Xa:paru IIIafix A6y Cafrtrru4 A6gyrxafipa crpocrrrru: "Karofi arr qurarb rpr{ Ba-
IIIeM orrleBanzn? Orseqalrl,r: "rlr.rrarb a.flT BervKoe AeJro. IIycru qr,rrruor cneqyoqnft 6afir. Farlr:
"9ncr a: uu xy6rap Aap daMa oQos rop,
[]cr pac4q Haqgu 4]cr, €p 6a nag,quru ep".
Onn n ceMbcor treBtrlocro nepBoM B rraqiule Mecrqe pa6u-yn-arra[, B [ongAerbrrrrK Hogbro yilrlrl B
Mvp vHoir"2.
Eclz npunuMarb BO tlHllMarrl{e, trro "Hacofir.rrra y.:r-Myxa66ar" yiBrrfl.ercg. nepeBoAoM I{ AorloJrnrrreJlb-
nofr tpopuoft pa6orn "HaQaxar yr-Wc", To Mbr B[paBe yrBepxAarb sro Bbrlre [puBeAeuubre MbrcJrr,r
Arurrepa Hasou o EaxayAAuue Harrr6ange, raKxe trpr4HaAnexar ero er[HoMbrrlneHHr{Ky, Apyry ll co-
BpeMeHHLIKy, KpyrIHoMy Iltraftxy raprrKara "Haxnr6angur" s XV oerca A6gypilrMiury,{xcarrlu.
Tsroresiltlfi r HarurSanlut 3axpugann MyxauuaU Fa6yp (1483-1530) cturaeru. BerrnKr{M Macre-
poM cnoBa 6earparurvno o6orarrlsllruM B XV sere Jrureparypy Bocrora (oco6euuo rropKor3brtrHylo J]Ia-
reparypy), crzlBIIrI4M 3HaMerHurbrM ua Bocrore a Bo BceM uupe 6naroAapr cBoI,IM AparoIIeHHbrM rrogrl{rle-
CKHM r{ [po3auqecKl,rM Tp]rAaM.
O xusHr,r r4 rBopqocrre Ba6ypa BocroKoBeAaMr,r Mr{pa, B qacrrrocrn 6a6ypore4avu Cpe4uefi Azuu
upoBeAeHo oqeHb MHoIo lncc-rre4oBareJrbcKnx pa6or. 3necl un MoxeM HagBarb AecflTKr{ LrMeH 6a6ypoBe-
IoB H3 naruefr pecuy6rurlr, TaKr{x rarc B.ll.3axrrAoB, I4.M.Myrrmnon, X.C.CyraftuonoB, flapca IIIaucz-
es, A.IlKarorvror, C.A.A3uMAxaHoBa r,r C.Xacauos.
Mu ivroxeu rloKa3arb [ocJleAoBareJrbHocrb cBr3brBiuollyp 3axupzg4raua My:rarrluaga Ea6ypa c ra-
plrKaroM Harur6anAus cneAyroqr.rM o6pa:ou.
3axnplrg4ran Myxarul"r44 Ea6yp, ero )Arrrenb - XoAxa Axvral Kacauu (Maxayuu Ansana), ero yqv-
TeJIb - Eypxatiyaguu Ka:rr Cauapraugrr2 ero yrrrrenb - XoAxa Axpap Burw, ero yqnreJu - Marurouo
f;nxy6 Yapxr.r, a ero yqrrre:n - XoAxa BaxayAAllu Harlr6aru (Xolxau 6yspr)-
Kax usnecrHo, )AIIreJrr, 6a6ypa Xogxa Axuqu Kacanr.r (Maa4pnr Araaru) n XVI BeKe, KaK cat"tl,tit
xpyrurfi yreHrrft cy0utrt rocJre Xolxz Axpapa Bar^u 6stst BeJTIIKTIM ITI2ft16v Haxur6angur r Marepan-
Haxpe z Xopacane. On pogr,ucs s KacaHcrou pafioue Hauaurancroft o6;racru tr yilrrcfl. n Tatrmeure, B
1536 rogy oH 3arrrrMaer Mecro IIIafixa B ropoAe Tauxeure. Hanor,ruzM, rrro BHyK 14 Mypr4[ Maxayuu
AnsaN,Ia (Xolxa Axlrrana l(acauu) Xugarryl:ro XoAxa (A$Qar Xoaxa) 6rlr gsavreur{rbrM perrlrrro3Ho-
cyQufibruu, o6nlecrreHHo-noJruTrrlrecKr4M llerreJreM, roroprrft uzpoKo pac[pocrpaHrr.[ WeHHe Ha-
rm6anguu cpeAu rurafrqer, Ayrrrau, ynry?os n Ap)Drx Trcprcrux HapoAoB. (Xorur,r HanoMHrrrb qro
seruruh cyQufr Ea6apaxurw Maurpa6 raKxe 6rur rrrypzgou AQQar Xoaxv).
PoArarerur Ea6ypa KaK r,r lpyrre Teuypu4u rrorruraJrrr caMoro Kpy[Horo IIIaftxa rapurara Ha-
rm6au,qus r XV ner<e Xo21xy Axpapa Bann. O rou, rar< Xogxa AxrvraA Kacanu (Maxaplu ,Areau) uo
yKiBKe XoAxu Y6aityynto Axpapa crilJr AyxoBHbrM rracraBHurou Ea6ypa, ecrb cggAeHn.s ocnoBaHHbre Ha
ItHTepecHoM cKa3aHtrrr.
floerouy cKa3.lll[rc, [prrBeAeHnorray n pa6ore :'TesKupail
Xolxaron", 3axupllggllu Myxaurrla[ Ea6yp
rrepeA 3aBoeBarrfieM kluguu, HaKaHyHe6zrsrr 3a rpoH letru c noficrauu H6paxuua Jlogu, yBuAel y4vutr-
relrnufr con. Bo cHe oH )Bup'r4r Xazparn Xo4xa Axpap Balta, roroprrft roBopnr eMy: 'CrmoK, Terrepb
rBotrM AyxoBHbrM-HacraBHH,KoM 6lqer Xo4xa Axual Kacauu (Maxgwr Arsaru) z 6laro4apr ero 6raro-

1
Tatu rce. Cmp. 132. 3uauum, Xodxa Eo6ou Cattor,cu naden na ?ono6y Eaxaydduna Harcwflanda 6yprc (mowo), w
tnopflcecmaeHHo cKascur acflKate Hec4acmbe (6atto) 6ydem us6eeamo me6n. Moxem 6umu, umo u.MeHHo a3 gmur
croe npousouaro HaSeanrue "Eanozapdau" Xodl<u Harcw6auda. Komopuu do-cux rrop Hasueaern e?o Haut uapod.
'Tatu xe. Cmp. 134.
35
 cJIoBeHutM I'I MoiIItrBaM TbI 6yAelub cqacrJII{B r{ yAaq.tl{n, Aacr 60r, [o6erurmb Bcex cBol{x BparoB',. flo-
cJre sroro Ea6yp uocbrJrasr n Manepanuaxp Maxgy z Al:avry /IorMht MypIIAImMa, TaKxe lrllmer grlr
crr.IxoTBopHbre cTpoKLI :

"Eac, x,aBora Wp 3oeb airst14uu,

Annudnap Ha3AIIIa MeH ruapMaHAaMeH.
Eup ua:ap Krrrrr[n Kr.r, M]Dsrr4cJrap copu.
fllorguxuu rilnrJra,qr4MKy xoxallapra 6onAaMau,,, 1

foropr o my6oxou llHrepece Ea6ypa K yrleHr.rrc Harm6alrAur, cneryer yrroMnHyrb o ero orHor[e-
HI4I'I K XoAxe Axpapy_Banra,.Bepuee o pa6ore Xo]xu "Banugzrifiu" u iro rr"p"uog" cgenannou Ea6y-
poM Ha rropncrrari (y:6er<crnfi) .rsur.
Kpynurrfi Irlafix rapl'IKara Harur6anqzr s XV BeKe, caMar Bu1rras, o6qecrseHHo-rroJlnrrrrrecKarr,
p-eJrlrruIo3Ho-ronQecczonnax, Qznoco$cro-cyQurtcr.as Jrr{rrHocrb cBoero BpeMelru
n ManepauHil(pe pr
Xopacaue (ue ourz6eucfl eclfir cKzuKeM ao sce\a Enr.rxneu u Cpe4neu Bocroxe), [oqrrrleMbrfr
sceMu
TeMypIrAaMV, B qacrrrocru Ea6ypovr r{ ero poAr{TeJUrMv, Xa:parz Xoaxa y6afiaymo Axpap,
rocBsrr,rB
co3Izu Ha [epc[AcKoM t3blKe yAnBI{TeJrbHOe [po3ru.IqgcKoe [poI{3BeAeErIe, Ha3BaHHOe
II Koropyrc Ea6yp orJrl4qHo, MacrepcKl,I tt c 6onrrur{M BAoxHoBeHrreM rrepeBen Ha rropK-
nir) rcnrc.
Kar orueruJl ,qoKTop Qunonorr.ru Canz6ex Xacan lpeArrcJroBrrr,r K rpyAy '?vcoraz Butayttititd, az-
AaHHoM r pFpure ')Keuvyxuutr Bocrora" s l99l roay * Tarureure, oep"rola pa6o6r XoAxr.r
"g"" or] nAero.
Axpapa "Barlnaufritd'Ea6yparrpvrlila Bo BpeMr Jrrrxop4gKn n oH ocyrqecrBrrr:r
B nasa[e llgpeBo.qa "Pvcataw Balaluitfia" BaSyp BocxBaJlsr A-nraxa, Bo I{Mf, BceBbrrrrgero Hzlrrgczur
cneAyrotrIue crPoKn:
"{arq rarnora lefrun xaM Aycr{uoc,
Kyn4vna eTMac aHr,rHr na4rvry x,udc.
Xalll6-y Koxrrp-y c161ou-y utuirv.,
PosuK-y KoArrp-y patwon-y palufirrl.
Auatle-4yp-xe 6u4osr aHra frfq,
oxupe-nyp-Ke Hr.rxorr anra fryx
$vx-ryp* x,eq maplrKe aHr{Hr tlrrrtrrra,
Vxuravac X,eq HI,IMara, XerI KuMra.
9xrudxr.l Kr.rrrnra fiI<ryp aulrnr
iipy 6rap Htrrr,rra ftViryp^aunnr.
Opruaft Ayp, Xau 6lnrrlarityp lrar,a
Eop e4r,r, Aop-rypp-y 6lnrycr,r 4avr
Tzl annnr xat4Anra qocr,rp_4yp, 6r.u,
Eill, aHuur xar{Ar4la 4ocl,rp-4yprnn".,
Bocxsalss 6laropogcrBo, cBtrocm Xa:paru Axpaua, rrpocr y Hero yKa3arb oMy rryrb Hanl,Iczur cre-
Aylourre yIuBI4TeJIbHbre, MHoro3Haqr{TeJrbHbre cTpoKr4 :

"E 4a6a6-u apa6nir-fru yypaftmuit,

Fuv-y AapAlrHr MaHra uoguit-iry xynrufi.
YapxHnur rapAr.rrlt nrafinunr 6upta,
Eapu Xarr 6!rya r$afirrlunr 6npna.
An6rEd xafilura capBap ceH-ceH,
Xywaz xarrqr(a pal6ap ceH-ceH.
Mes 6ace Koxrnrr-y frll acpy finpor,,
Y*rp xln 4r.rc4a-fry fiyn ysyuporE.
Meuz rylvrpod4a r<fpcar 6up ilyn
Meiru MaKcyI(a erryprari yl-

8 c.3. (Oma KH.u?a ocr{o6aH6t trtt nxpet pyno-

n weape. Ecmt' HecKoJrbKo rconuil smoil paflomtt
1 Eepyuu AH pVs.

36
 Kffirvra Ea6ypnu 6y xraprrnon 6ttpua,
9opra KI,IJI AapAI,Ira AapMoH 6upt;td'.
B qacru "Pficora HffiMuHr.rHr ca6a6u" ( "llpnvuua troo3rlu pucald') Ea6yp c llo6onln, uy6ornu
yBiDKeHr,reM I,l loqnraufier\{ or3brBaercr o ciIMoM KpyrIHoM IIIafrxe Haxu6as.qrau s XV BeKe, .[)aoBHoM
aBTopurere Bcgx reMypr.rAoB Toro BpeMeHIr, B qacrnocrtr cBolrx [peAKoB, XoAxe Axpape Baru, BMecre c
orfiM nr,rlrer o roM, vro )(a^:paru XoAxa V6afilyrnax Hanuciu cBorc pucaJly rro [pocb6e csoero AyxoB-
HOI! OTUa:
"Xa:par Xoxa Y6aftgylnoxgnu,
Durur )4r cl{pp-y XyAo oro14nn.
Xoxarap xoxacu y Xoxa Y6afin
Xo4r.ru-y qoKapr4 Ilfta6lu-fty Xyttu"a.
Xala'r -y rnrapra6acu 3ox,[p-[yp,
Bac$-y rarpzQula rlrrr Kocl{p-[yp.
Oracu KI4rl'zlH yuyn rauuQe,
K,urgu oHlIHr orura rannzQe.
Torpr6 eJr rItJIrIra MasKyp-Ayliyp,
"Bostuiluirftd' 6uta varrr4yp-gypyp". I
Hanucannyo, B ocHoBHoM, AJUr BHyrpeHHero u BrlerrrHero oqfiu1snlrt pola qeJloBsqscKoro, oTy [pa-
roueHrryro cyQuficryro pa6ory, BbrcoKo oqeHuBar rvrlqperlbr Bocrora Ha3blntuor ".XeuvylKunofr n uope
sHaH'xil"."
Il:uecrHo, rrro oquil(eHr4e BuyrpeHHero rr BHerrrHero o6pasa qeJroBeKa, coBeprueHcrByt ero W u
tpu6awxt 3nanur lpu6nuxaer ero K A.maxy - r.IIaBHruI Qynuauesralbuat 3a,qaqa Cy$uaua Boctora, n
qicrxocrra yqsnn . Haxnt5aslul.r. floorouy, r gaunofr pa6ore "Pucatairu Batu4ufritzi', nanucauuofi r
rrpo3ilr,rqecKofi Qopnre Xo,qxori V6afufuraxa rr 3areM MacrepcKlt nepeBeAenlrofi s uosrxqecxofi Qopue
Ha rrcpKcKr.rfr (ys6ercruft) rsrrr Ea6ypou, Mbr Haxo.qr,rM upeeruuafiuo xapaKrepHble crpoKlt:
"3a1upzft uyrn-y urrItHrAIrIr 6y uaxal,
Tonuarafr rrlatuanufr utu caura xarIaJI.
3axupufr xarqq AorI{H Xa(Ka,
Butut-u coJrI,rK ora aHAoKKa.
Ouno fiq capv, toru 6erona
By pauunva paBII[ ]nrvrac itatta". '
9pestrruariunf, BzuKHocrb BbI[relplBeAeHHbIx crpoK B ToM, qro B IrEx MacrepcK[4 BbrpilKeHbl uIaB-
Hbre [paBrrJra yIeHIrt Haxrn6a[Ing. BugHo, qro olrr crpoKrl BrrHTuuIH s ce6s npaBl,Ina cKiBaIIHbIe B cBoe
BpeMfl EaxagArauou Harru6agnoM rr craBrrrue rJraBrrbrMr{ trpaBI4JIaME yvreuns, Harur6anlut: KaK BHetrIHe
6rtru c HapoAoM, BHyrpeHrle 6rrrr c AtulaxoM"a, "[u.u 6a epy aacr 6a rop".
ilocne4nue IBe crpol{:u Bbnlre[prlBeleHHoro crl,Ixot'BopHoro orpblBKa:
"Oltttto ng c'arpvr, tatrr 6etoHa,
Ey paruur 6!nr"rac irama"
tBrsrorc-{ [prMbrM rr€)peBoAoM 6ait'ta npol43HeceHnoro XoAxoft BaxalqAuuotrl Harur6anAou:

"As 4opyn rraB oIIrHo Ba a3 ArrpyH 6etonaralu,

Ifuqynrau :e6o paruur KaM MLI6yr aHgap rtaxoH".'

B .racru "Snluror" *I>ucallau Bumaufifia" 3axupyuun Myxaultau Ea6yp lrttttler:

t Tau xe. Cmp 4.

2
B mpyde JKltlutezo u maopurrae?o eo ape,ueHa Arc6apa usaecmHozo rwgnut u ucmoPuKa A6dy.n-Qasn Atta-tttu
"Arc6apuoua" mpyd Xodwu.Axpapa Batu "Pucataitu Banudurtrta" ebtcorco ory,eHeH xax ",\ypdaxac as 6axpu
uaupuQam" (Xkuuyxuua 6 .^lope suauufi). Cu: ,Qeeonu 3atcupuddu.u, Myxaaruad Ea6yp. IIIaStuxa Eprcuu. Ka6at
xuxpu.
t1962
"Pucata u Botudu{tila". Cmp. 9.
a ,rPautaxam
ailn-yt-xaEm>; Attuutep Haeou, Tpydot mon- W. Cmp 132.
5 oPautaxam
ailw-yn-xaiim>; Cmp 132.
37
 'Tlu-l-la4-4anrg cle erI,IJIAr{ TaMoM,
Hxturrlolura orururr4 6y ralou.
(o6r,rn olra clsznra trnurryo
Ouun olra fsznu MabMyJr or."",
Er,u, ryrarranaa 6y clr 6erau-y 6eu,
llul rirye ro3 oAlr, lryc 6eru.,'

x fl,ff H;ffirffi,.ffixTT*,";11U";iBTJj:"-K cBoerc wvTens

yp KaK u Hasou TtrcreJl K yqeHHIo Haxu6anlrau, olr He 6r1n s [oJrHoM

cMbIcJIe cyQr'Ieu, cl4JrbHocrb MI,IpcK[Ix nacrpoenzfr B ero
xapaKrepe, cro6ogo"ur"n"", xr,I3Hep4[ocrHocrb
- xapaKrepHble ero qeprbl, csoficrsenuaf, BceM TeMypItAaM 6opr6a 3a BJracrb
r{ pacnfipeHzenna4eunft c
'[ercKIIx JIer ero He B cropoHy CyQusrr,ra, a B cropony cnoxnofi u uonirofr ,riotr.ruop"vivt 7x;vz-
BJIeKJTI'I
s 12 rer 3aHtB Mecro cBoero orqa Vrr,rap-mafixa Hu tpooi (Depr:aurr, c Aer-
HeAetre'IlbHoc"l'14; To lITo oH
cKIIx ner nen 6ecnpepblBHble sofrurr 3a Blracrb, 6rl,r zsmau u: ropavo
uu nro6uu6fi po4"rru, Manepag
Haxpa' cKl'rrtulcs ua vyr<6IrHe,
tB[rercr ,{oKa3arenbcrBoM 9TOMy.
Xorq n 6o:b[rerZ qacrlr noo3I,IIl 5a6ypa xusHerlo6ze, lruponrc6tre, qeJroBexoaro6ae (rpacarraqa,
rloApyra' an6onuuqa), 6ret KJIK)qoM, KulK r{crlrHHrrfr uycy:rluunsn * py6mx oH BocreB{ur
raK xe Anna-
xa, flpopora, yuureneit rrj{ypr,rloB n Cy$z:ue, Me)([y HHMII, ocHoBaHHbre Ha rny_
6orofi Bepe r yBzuKerrulr. flosr s neroropux py o o6panuaercr x A.uaxy:
"ii K,axpy-rasa6 6lura ryepo4 4rm,
P 6urpz uHorrrrHrAa MycraFpoK KuJr:
E pa6, ceuragyp ro3yru Kapo, rap oK (r,rJr,
{ap uanr ceHrzHr prd3oHr epyp, an,uoK KUr.,' 1

"IO: x,aug aHraKI{M, {artgltH aHI{Hr il(JILI Ma-{ont

IOs frr,ul Aecaflap ryrarMilrfl ilMplr Madon,
BacQr.r4a {IapoA oxor3 opyp Horr.r(,r(a JroJr,
He uanr curpar qulafi cenu, Xylnu )Kaltor".
"9ft rHu, oJraM rllo)qlapu ceH-ceH,
Benocrata Mau3yp rrno4u ceH-ceH,
Ceu 6opceu, Kr,rMIa olrrofi, ofi tuox, rraHo{,
9yr 6apva x(ixoH oJrE rlaHoxlr coH-ceu,'.z
_Eqe s oAHoM nriBrrreJrbHoM peiurbHo
raso6paxaer To, KaK I{3-3a cBoero
n,n B 6ora, nu B peaJrb'ocrn 6;ur ##:;
yITIBJIeITHbIM orleHb cnoxnori z nonnoft BHytpeHHero rlporuBoperrwr:xttznkr BeJrzKoro Ea6ypa.
"Eeca6puen na 6ecapy-c.lMoHAypMeu,
Eup namsagypMeH Ba [apr4rnoH AypMeH,
He gnnur,rur LtuuH Kr4JrItrM na ne gynOnuur
E Pa6, nerafi, jie zurzura xalipouglprrlaH." 3
Bepxbecrecrnennori rl seMnofi
1rc6 bcrBe B Cy$zeue u MWlo[tvB_
Me.
"Hru4uur, ueraft, lrxrudpczs Kr4rrAr{ MeHn,
Ca6purraHu onra6 qaptpcLr3 KrilrAr.r MeHrr,
Onarra om.r Eqpa opcr.r3 Kr.HAr.r MeHn,
3yx,4 axluna erru6opcr,r3 KrrJrAr{ Meur,r,'. 4
"fap cug4 6wn 6uponKr4, orrr{K dlmail,
Manury< Bncorv anta tomfir,6!mait.

t".4eeonu 3axwpadd.un
Ea6yp, uyxadduua, uyrca1ena 6a macntx IIIoQa6a Epqun. Ka6yn 1362 xudxpu. Cmp. 139.
'Tant xe. Cmo. 143.
' Tatt xe. Cmp. 153.
o
Ta-u xe. Cmp. 174.

38
 flup orquga MypoAlrH rorrrycu, 6euaK,
Xap rur'rxu, atvp, lzyp4v coArrK 6inail".t
I4tar, ecnl4 MacrepcKu, B rroorlrqecKofi Sopue ilgpeBener{Hofi 3axupualuuou Ea6ypoM "Pncafiau
Botrugmfrftc" Mbr BI{AI,IM oro rny6orcoe yB:DKeHr{e a nro6om K TaplrKary Harnr6augzr, K Kp)ruHefturevy
IIIazxy s XV nere Xogxe V6alinyuaxy Axpapy, ro B llpymx rrerBopocrurrrmx Mr,r BcrperraoM cySulr-
cKue MhIcJrz o6 Aunaxe, flpopore, ne6ecuoli ra seNrHofi lto6eu, o6 otnorueurrrx Mexly yrrurereM r,r
MypIrAoM ocrroBaHuble Ha yBaxeHr{r4, rIoqI{TaHI{R r,r BepHocru. flonroptsctr orMerrlM, qro B rlog3l,rrl Ea6y-
pa MbIcJrr{ o trlzpcxofi, pefurbHofr rrc6sn H xlr3rrr{ rrpeo6n4garor Ha,U cy+urtcl(^uM.u MbIcJUTMH- MH xoruu
cKa3arb, ttro .rlr4TeparypHoe rBoprlecrBo Ea6ypa 6olee flporrvrarro HacrpoeHr,reM serdHofr mo6ur4, ueu
ffo6s[ cBepxrecrecrseuHoft. 9ru nacrpoenwt cBu\ereJrbcrByror o roM, vro Ea6yp B cBoe npevr 6rr,'r
IIMeHIITbIM IIOIIKOBOAIIeM, BerIrKlIM, cyJrTaHoM, co3AaIoqIIM AyXOBHT,IS U MaTepUauIbHbIe IIeHHOCTT4, aK-
TI{BHI'IM o6lqecrneuuo-rloJrrrrvqecKr{M AetreneM, Mor)AIrM IIogroM Mbtcnr{TeJIeM, BeJrr{KHM )AeHbIM I,I
Jll{Teparopou, roo6lqe xzsHerro6unofi , cro6o,qoMHcnsuefi Jltlqnocrbn.
Llnrepecno ro, qro IlIHorI,Ie x$IBIIIile r,r rBopI,rBrIIue B nocJreAHue BeKa ua Bocrore rrcpKo{3hrrlHble,
flepcot3bFlrtbre I4 rlyluTys3brrlHbre rlosrhl rofrgr B TapI4Kar Haxnr6anAnt BocrleBzul flporpecclrBrlbre, Bcerre-
JIoBgqecKI,Ie uneu Baxaynquna Haru6auga, mupoKo rrpolaraHAr.rpoBurn ux cpeAlt Hapola. flora nau
ll3Becrrrbl HeKoropbre sarcur6anqlrlicxrae crrrxu Tarrrx rrogToB, rax Xyuxolxort Xamax (XVII rer), Ax-
Mqg IrT21 Iyppanu (XUII ser) Maxgyurynu (Duparu u CyQu Ar;rarp (XVm rer). HauprrMep, Benu-
rr.lfi rropror:trqurrfi uost Bocrora Maxlyuryln {Dnpanr B cBoeM KpacuBoM, r{rpt4BoM H M)BbrKiurbHoM
crl{xorBopeHull BcIIoMHHaer Eaxayl4r.rna Haru6auAa, ero }ryr{Tett CaiiuA Auupa Kyrala, BeJrr{Koro
IrpeAcraBvreJrr rapl{Kara "flccasvs" 3anrz 6o6o:
"fiaxr.rcrouulrr 6alpu4a
Bogll canonu rlpcarrl.
Eaxay[Aulr, Mup Kylal,
3aurz 6o6oulr xlpcau.
{r.r:p xa6r u}rrap.ua,
Fanrocra6u r<!rurapAa,
Il|^tt,ec ra6u rornap,qa
-flxurr,r-6uounu rfpcav.
Enp 6u1a Xun4uncron,
Er.rp 6uga Typrecrou,
Auu6rap yMr\{oHr.r,
Vl Pyuncrouuu rlpcau.
)I(oH, rauoM xaxoH mafi,4o,
Eyuas {eu fr}IqAEp rhafito,
Errra tor, errz 4ape,
Tauou lyr0uu rlpcau.
MaxgSnrarylu, x).m 6itca,
Or(ca ArafiuaM, eur 6jnca,
I{tuourrra frjn4out 6!tca,
Bopcau, rar6asu rlpcau."2
)KusilIrfi n XVIII rer.e 4pyrofr rrupKor3bFrHr,rfr uosr cypufr CyQn Aru'tatp (polz:rcx l72O rogy) s
croefi pa6ore "Ca6or-yl-oxr,r3uH" npurognr uurepecurrfi rroeruqecKr{fi paccxas o FaxayA,rtllne Ha-
rur6arue.
"Eaxo-ar-,qzH Ba aJI-XaK ra6u uacnox,,
AsoHura fi fry<rzrap 6anorol.
Anon 6rp clz ge4n, yrr MapA 6up c!2,
Arou qffr4u eMorrnprr rffrura toe.
Ioszra cor4rr r(rMrrfiH MapAn {onv,
Krsrr 6on 6juz cyn6ylaex coKarrr.

'
2
Tan xe,
Maxlyutgynu (DupaeufinuHe webpnap mjwmruu, Ka6yn. 1365 xuNpu-cocmanurneth; Illox Myxauuad Esuas.
Cmp 480
39
 Vurarr K,oHJrr,rF co4oJrr,rH orqr 6ilra,
\eAa, e Pa6 r"rynn coJr rxlru ftFra,
Fasa6 qunrvra, aHra Krrnfltn LIHo.[T,
Max,arrnraa uxpifiu Aecrru ruarl rrESorr.
Ey clenr,r sururn6 yn MapAH 6e6ar,
Ypu6 uaspa, rKocr{H aftn44u qor.
IOsHHn epra cypru6 HoJra KlIJrArr,
Klsunu druusu rryH xoJra KuJIAr,r.
Onu6 rulrr.nrlar ircocr{H Kvpwr itlrtna,
I(fnuu rorrurrpAn yn )$,rMMarrru 4!nra.
Xylo yn 6asAara rgrrAr.r lrlooflr,
Heva xyn lrnrafiran ro6ru Barvur.
Ana X5arxy, aHa {,I{nMy, aHa {oJr,
Ana Aannar, aua nycQar ra uK6ol.
Ana 4urvruar, aHa xyn(y, aHa Kop,
Ana ra6ufiarr cynroHu a6pop.
Euoruapnu uwwW KrrKa ryrMoK,
Mycynuouur- duoruruKHn yHyrMoK.
YguHn HaQcuuz ruu afrnarax 4yl,
Kmyp dap KyH xu$o rj;pca raxaMMyJr.
Ba;rerun 6y raxauuyn arilaralr uoc,
XavusrAa KepaK rryu r(orrltf oJrMoc.
XaN{ksr 6o6ulnn }rropuarafi uap.u,
Arap vaH4uKtr yr utl.t 6lnca6up rap4,
XaMI,rsr r<afiru.rlyp 6lurcanr 6ex, raftuu,
Hasap afrla "KI,ITo6n rvryxraxu gvirH" .r
B erou paccKa3e BbllBrrraerct 6naropogua-r cyQlliicxal r,rAes crofrcrBeHHas Eaxay4luuy Harnr6angy
I{ ero raprlKary - orBerrarb lo6povr A€t)Ke cAeJraBrrreMy 3Jro. Beru.rr<ufr uoer-cy$ufi CyQn Aunaap B cBo-
'eM IIpou3BeAeHI,Iu Bocxl4trIiulcb rlepecgurblBaer 6-naropoAHbre KaqecrBa cnoftcrseHHue Xa:parn Ha-
rur6angy (go6pouoprAorlHocrb, MrlrKocrr', qecrHocrb, 6narosecrze, lpilBrlJrbHocrb, 6noropo4noctr) u
IoBOprrT:
"Euounapnil lamv[yp Kr{Ha ryrMoK
- duorurv"u" yrtylnro4. "
Mycylrr,rorurur
(O6zxarrcl
AeJro luroxux,
MycynruaucrBo - ra6rmarr alo).
3uavltr:, CyQu .{'uaf,p cneAyt sa XoAxofr Eaxal4glrnom Hann6anAoM yrBepxAaer, qro roJrr,Ko
IrJroxl4e 6eperyl o6uly, xopouue Aelraror roJrbKo go6po, I:uKe Ha slo orBerraror go6pona. Eror ocuosuoft
MycynbMaHcrIzfr upuullun - sa6bnn IIJIoxoe II gro 3Jro Mox<Ho no6elr.rm roJrbKo rr roJrbKo go6pou, .ru,r.a-
etcs I,IAeefr cyQn Aularpa coorBercrByer He roJrbKo rrAerM Xo[xll EaxagAllna Haxur6asAa, Ho v aK[r-
Aau llc:raua ns Xalluca u Kopana.
Xnsntufr. Ir rBopllBlxuft u XVII BeKe, 3HaMenumrii r Marepannaxpe, Xopca*e vr Bocrovuou T1p-
KecraHe, relurufi, 6ytrapr, KpacHopequsili uoer Eo6opaxzu Maulpa6 (1640-1711) rax x(e co3AaJr
MHoro crrrxoB orHoctllluxcx Cy@zsuy n uarnr6anAzsnry. floospr{ ororo cyQuftcronr, cto6ogouucjrrrqero
rroera Bocroxa-Maurpa6a xopoilo r,r3BecrHa HapoAy. Ero 6oraroe I{ rpKoe rBoprrecrBo BcecropoHHe u3y-
qtulocb pyccKLIMu BocroKoBeAatau H.H.BeceJroBcKI{M, H.C.JLarorrrLrHbtM) B.A.BsrrzHuu, y:6excxuura
nltTeparypoBeAaMl,I II BocroKoBeAaMH A.(Durparoru, II.IIIauclreBbrM, f.lylruona, B.Io.3axugornru, I{.M.
Myuunoruu, H,O.Pusaerrru, A.A64yraQyponuu, ll.AdgynnaeBbrM rr [pyruMrr, 6ruru rasAaHn locrofrnrre
BHIIMaHITI Knvrrpr, pa6otr [I crarbr,r.
Ho A.@nrpar u Ll.AdyylstaeB B cnovx crarbtx rrwcuu4 o roM, .no Maupa6 cyeuficrufr uoor, oA-
rraKo He yroMlrHitru K KaKoMy raprrKary n cynyKy' CyQrsua oH rrpnHaAnexarr. H.A64yruraeB B crarbe

t ClQu Onnodp. Ca6om-yroxusuu. Mansyna. Pedarmop: Pawud 3axud nod pyxoeodcmeou llaa-uyna Towxaudu
u Hou-tt Hoprgynoe. Tautxeum, 1991. Cmp. 113-114; CyQu Onnoap. Co6onr-ya-oJ,custtru. C apa1cxu,tr tneKcrnot(l
Pedarcmopw: Xoxu llynarnrcopu Myxanuad Anu, Maxuyd Xacauu, Mupcatux l{acu:tr. TawKenm, l99L Cmp. 85.

40
"Manrpa6 u Ma6ran uypi' o lpr{Ha.uJ'rexnocrrr Mampa6a K raprlKary "flccaBns" orrr{paflcb na .[aHHyro
pa1ory floora, fluilrer: ",B Llucruryre BocroKoBeAenrrr xpaHr,rrcr noA HoMepoM 3186, nepeItltcaHH,u
1966 roay pyKollplcb "Mrr6gatr Hyp". B nperu{croBuu HanucaHo 'Macraeuii Maruxyp 6Vra" Ba orraM
aHAI,IH 6axpa ongu. Aunno rryH 6y ra-uunau axKap-yJr-r{6o4 appoxllir u:l^a pil(Marrrp pa66onuit Mynlo
Paxuu 6o6o flenouau Hznrranronrzfr a,r-uaurxyp \ryrnaKKa6 6a "Mailrpa6" rVpy6 MyrirJraa Kr4JrAuMKIr,
lyprufr rI4IIra rrrapx Kr{lcaIrl, ge6 opsy Kr,rlunu. Arrluo nmoparrr 6'!ryry 6enocura Xaeparn K}n6-y.u-
opu$trn, cynron-yl-Myxa(I4KKliH, 6yp4onu MypHAr{H, cr,rpox-ar-Toru6uu, capBapu arpoK, rbnrr Xiupa-
rII cyJIToHuu Xoxa Anu4[ flccayurt, KaIIaca cupprlx]truH, r{xo3ar Ba r,rouar 6 ,ttpu,z.. Ba mapxn
"MacHonufr"ra llStfitox t(I{JItryK na rypruft TlrJrra 6a6.n erryr. To QaXrrm xoc Ba MaOXyMH ou 6lnrari
sa roru6l4 coAI,IK Ba coJrrrKr,r oruraK smurra6 aHIrrH 6a4pa olFafi Ba HyKcy yro6u monca aQn 4ulrafi...
Kxro6nu 6o6annu "Ma6Aafr. Hyp" Ae6 raMaH Kr.rrrAyK".t
Htax, ue BbIIIIe[pHBeAeHHoro orpbrBKa Moxuo JEHar],, vro Mampa6 nepeBen r'r npoKoMMeHTrrpoBiur
IIa rIopKcKoM t3brKe zset:ctHrni cyQuitcrufi rpyl ("Macuayuit") Be;ruKoro MbrcJrr.rreJrr u cyQuficronr
loora Bocrora flxararrerptra Pymu, HaBBaB ero "Ma64az H]ip" u oro oH cnerrrul uo Mlrcrtrqecroft 1xa:-
xe XoAxlt Axrraa.qa flccana. 3uaulrr, Mbr Mox(eM rrpeAloJloxrlTb, IITo Marrpa6 6rrr nosrou [puHqAne-
xulBIIrI{M TapI,IKary "fccaBxlr". Ognaro, M6I I,IMeeM HeKoropbre BecKne apryr{eHTbl roBopxnlEe o [pr{Ha,U-
JrexHocrl,I Marupa6a r "Elaxur6au,[vpr". F;crvr Brmuyrb rra reHezrJrorzro Xonxarorra HarrflHarr c Marnpa-
6a, to WklilLrvr cJle.qyrcqere. Ba6apaxuu Maurpa6, e1o ytlure;1r - A(pQar Xo,Uxa (Xugarrprno Xogxa),
oro yqltrenb - Xo,qxa AxraAl Kacanr.r (Maxgwz Amau), ero yqtrr'erE - EypxaHygg[H Ka3u Cauapxan-
AI.I, ero yqllrenb - Xo1xa Axpap Banlr, ero yqllTenr - MannoRo f:srfi 9apxz, ero yqilTenr - XoAxa
EaxayArun Har<u6aru. Ea6apapaxuu Mampa6 raK xe sepe3 Apyryro qerrb Bbrxo.qzr: r Xa:paru Eaxayy
glluy Haxnr6anAy: Ea6apaxuu Mampa6, ero yrrr4renr, - AQQar Xo.{xa, ero yqr.rrenb - Maxgyuu Ab:aM,
ero ytIuTeJI[, - Eypxany4gltn Kasn Cauapraugu, ero yrrr4TeJrb - Carlu/u.uu Karurapu, elo ] rLrTeJIr - Hu-
3aMlaIIItH Xauyur, ero )l.rrlrreJrb - Xo4xa Myxaurnra4 lapca, a ero yqure[b ctuv XoEa Eaxal4Auu Ha-
rnr6au.u.
Lltax, vepe3 KaXAbIe ABe IIerrIz cBlLsvr? orHocstrIuecs r HaKm6aHAvr4 Ea6apaxr,rrr,r Manrpa6 Herrocpel-
crBeHHo cBt3aH c Eaxayulruou Haxur6anloru. [:Becrno, rrro yq[Tem Marrrpa6a - AQSar Xogxa
(Xuga.myn.rro XogNa) 6rru uuyrou u yqeHrlKoM Max4ynu Arsal4a. Maxawz Ar:au B cBoe BpeMfl rrocJre
XoAxn Axpapa Butu 6ntst caMbrM Br{AHbrM r.r loqr.rraeMbrM cpeAu rrapona Illafixou Haxm6au,quu ue
roJIbKo u Xopacaue z Manepatruaxpe, Ho lr s BoctocHoru Typrecrane. On ponuJrcr s KacaHe
(Hauanrau), yqurcfl r Cauaprange ([ax6e4), TaurreHre, Byxape, n L536 roAy 3aHrrr Mecro IIIafixa s
TatrrKeHTe, rtocrelHue rolpr xo{3HI,I rrpoBen s BocrosHotvl Typrecraue. 9ror rIeJroBeK crlrpilrr 6olluryro
po;rb B pacnpocrpaHervlvl, cocraBrurrouux ocHoBy y'+.envfl. Harur6alrAu.fl, BceqeJloBeqecKlrx qeHHocrefi,
KaK MLrJIOcepAVe, lpaBoc:rAlre, 6oro6orsueHHocrr,, qsgrHocTb, 6naroqecrue, TpyAoJ]n6ae, ttrpuorn3M
cpe4rl TrcpKor3bFlHbrx HapoAos Boctocuoro Typrecrarra.
flpuna,4lexHocrb Marpa6a K KaKoMy-na6o uz Bbrme1moMf,Hyrbrx rapraKaroB (fccanw. rl Haxil6as-
Ar,t.s) eule cnopHo rr Borl]poc ocraerc{ orKpbrrbrM. flora irau BcecropoHHe He u3yqunn pa6ory noora
"Moganl Hyp", n noo6rqe, ero 6oraroe 14 apKoe rBopqecrBo, cy$uftcrcue B3rJrrnhr, uw deccnttnubr orBe-
TI.{Tb Ha Bbrrlre [ocTas,TeHHr[i Bonpoc. Ecru yvecrb, qTo o6a rapurara lorBunrrcr, na namefr poArrHe - B
crpime rIopKoB, qro o6a nierrrKax yrreHut npoficxo,Iltr Ir3 oArroro ucroqH]rKa, oguoft [I3 caMbrx BerruKflx
rr[Hap AyxoBHocrr,I u sllailuir Bocrora - IIIafrxa K)cySa Xavraganu, rrro cyqecrByer MHoro o6rqero lr
noxoxero B err4x rapzKarax, To He ocraerct Hr{KaKoro coMHeHrlfl, rlro Art cy0ug., Mblc,TureJr{ rI Kpac-
HopequBoro [oora - Ea6apaxzua Maupa6a o6a rapurara rBJrrrorcr oAr.rHaKoBo loporr{Mr{ [rcroqHnKzlMrr
.qyxoBHocrr,r n zsanutr.
"Manpz$ar 6osopunz AeBoHacrr,
{arvr xaruKar uurnznu uafixonacu.
Ox ypy6 r,rKKn xru(onnu ryftaypyp,
I4nr4 onzur,rur snfr Harr.r-capMoJrcu.
Hrru onarrlurl rleyura wrMaAr{M,
Meurz yn 4zff4opuuu xaitpowacu.
Afi^nalu xiutwrnu MyJrKrrHn xapo6,
Vu eplp xon MytrK[rHr{ 4ypAoHacu-

' I'Ictwamytna A6dyLLnaee. Mau.tpa6 u "Mo6dau uyp" " Ys6 ercucmon. aDa5u?mu. 6a c dHbarnu ", I 2, 04, 9 I .

47
 MocusaHu TapK Kr.r[II4M .ueroHr,rM,
Eyn xaxony yJI xaxoH 6eronacz
Maurpa6u AeBoHaHr{ qaftpon eru6,
KaqAu MarcyH orMa Korrr xouoHacu".t
Obparuu BHUMaHI{e Ha rtoArepKnyu,re B oroM crr{xe croBa "Manpu$ar" (upocreqeHHble),
rlruK" (HactostrIar crpacrb, nro6orr), "lrairxona" (ra6ax, nnrefrnirft AoM), 'taAAr MaB35m"
"XaKuK,Iaft
(Xopoulo cnoxeunar), "erMa 4oru" (ue no1uzruruafi, rre BeAu 6pontrc), "xoHoHa" (xpacanlrla). tlepunre
TpI{ clloBa 9To qlrcro cy$uitcxue repMLIHbI, a ocritJlbHrre rpr.r flBJtfixrrct repMlrHaMv o3rraqabrrJnMtr
o6rrvnylo, 3gMHyIo crpacrb. flo 4yxy qrofi ra:eml, HarIIIcaHHoli nocpe4crsoM erllx re4)Mr{HoB, Mbr Mox(eM
cKa3arb, qro B groM crl,Ixe BocrreB,rerct a vcranrag. - 6oxectseHnafl lr ueraQopuuecKaa - qeJroBoqecKafl
.rrrc6osr. HaM [:secrHo I,I3 cyQufrcroro )AeHr{.]fl, r{ro Me)KAy r"reraQopuvecxofi z zcrr.rnuoft rro6osrrc Her
onpeleJreHHofi rur:aficxofi crenrr ra 6rnr ne troxer!
B urmrenpzseneuuofi ra3eJle Marupa6 ourrczu uera$opuvecKyro t4 r,rcrrrHH)flo lro6onr KaK eAuHoe
IIeJIoe, BocrIeJI BMecre u Eora ra 9erosera; JreJreflJr cyqecrBylouux eIIIHo, To ecrb Boxgarrl nyxya, rle-
JroBeKa ra Eora.
,{axe r ra3eJrtx Haqfiualouluxc.{ co c.non 'Yuran KyH ceHra, ofr ru}xy cr,rroMrap, ouruo 6}uuria" (B
ror Aelrb, eft osopuoft M)^rr4reJrr,, criur ApyroM), "flyudra renr,r6 lorllrra 6wmait 6ora (onluM?' (nprifrA{
B MrIp He 3HalI yBt3 B rprsu) BbIpilKeHbI ero HeKoropue cyQufrcrne prlren. B c"rregynqux 6aitrax, rrpl,tBe-
AeHHbIX uo nropofr ra3eJlee Iloer I43rIoxrrJI cBor,I cy$uitcrctte MbrcJrr{ 6o.rree rcno.
"Mafr xoxar a KnpALrM, 6wta \otry;zrM KyrtpuMnl4,
Macxugra xzpu6 3adr{Ar4 rx,{eK r(ora KoJrAr{M.
3oxul, Meura 6up nrrauraga Mari, ceHra HtMo3nHr,
Mzur raKBoHI{ 6up rocau uaftra cora KeJI.qIrM.
BaxIar v.airuu.u repn JryFoH [IJur[rIilH rrqAr4w,
Mancyp r<a6u 6ouruMr4 Aapra qmra 4on4zu". 2
(3amel n uafrxauy, y3nn[ MyreH[g
3aurel B Merlgrb 3acrLUI KaK .rIeJI.
CyQufi, MHe B qarle Br{Ho, a re rBot MoJIIrrBa,
Trrccqu 6;raroqectzii upolal 3a rriilfly BuHa.
Brauo sox.uara BLIII,IJI n3 pyK orrrerloK,'IoHHzKa,
Cyrryr lrero B rre'r;rro rar Maucyp).
B neprou 6aine rloer rlpeAnoql{Taer rII{Tb BIrHo s xa6are qeM cr,rAerb 3acrbrBrrlu KaK acKer B Merle-
1e. Bo BTopoM 6afire HerlocpeAcrBeHHo foBoprrr acKery, te6e rBox MoJrIrrBa, a fl sa qarry Br{Ha rrpoAzrl,t
6rarocecrue. A s rperheM 6aftre troer roBoplrr, qro BbrrrrrJr BuHo BoxAara n3 pyK sopoocrpufiua n sro
Bo rlMS A,'raaxa roroB KaK Mancyp Xan,rax cyHyrb ronoBy B rlerJrrc. I{3necruo, qto uafixoua oro He
o6rruHoe nrareftHoe 3aBeAeHI.Ie, uafr (nuno) raK xe He [pocroe BuHo, &rs uoora cySur rto6osl sro -
nro6orr x Eory, BHHo BoxAara - BI{Ho .uocrl{xeHnx Eora, eliu:creHils c Eorovr. 3Havzr, 3Aecb peqb He
IaAer o6 o6trquou unreriHou 3aBeleHr{rr rr rrbtHcrBe. 3gecr oH roBopr,rr qro r,rcflr.rB BHHo BoxAara paAlr
AocrIrxeHLIt Eota, ero Jlro6rn, foroB KaK Mancyp oKa3arbcr Ha rulil(e. Vltax, Artl. BeJII,IKt4x cyQueu
cMeprb, SIa:uvecrar cMeprb o3Hasaer - Sauo, rroullTve Bcrperlr,t c Eorou.
B uaquuatoueMct cJIoBaMIt 'Kfuryrqa 3appaqa D/HOHuHI Mexpu 6llrrnarirnn MeHAa" (!a 6yger Lr
ocKoJIoK MI{pGKLIX :a6or y rrlenr) crlrxe Maurpa6 vrratas. ceoftcrBeHHyo Har[r6au4*tu u uhero
o 6e4uocrz, co3raer o6pa.: noora cy{;ut, He neKyrrlerocr o 3eMHorra 6olarsrse. B srofr rrueJre
'Lccasvn
,vu y6ex-
AaeMct, qro Iroer ucru]d.uslit "uarupa6", To ecrb Ao Arra rlrcqufr szHo rro6su, Hacrorlqufi Rrlrc6nen-
urtft. Bor sta cno6onoMbrcrqtrtafl. rtb-sHrrunfl rzReJrb:
"Kfnryraa 3appaqa Ayuduraur Me{pn 6lrr'uafiun MerrAa
Cenu le6 HKKr{ oJraMJlr,ru Keuu6, 6e:opa Manrpa6rrleu
Yiiu6 rercau, cenlrHr rap4r4Hr clnrarruu xmirarait acno,
Jloxa4 uupa Qzrou artna6, fsyrra 6evopz ly[arnpa6uen."
AnoAun raft ryuz ry['[yM, ceHlrHurruKr.rHrAa ox ypAr,rM,

'^ Mawpa6. Hs1pauuwe, Tautrceum. Vsada6ufi uawp, 1963. Cmp. 53.

" Tauu we. Cmp. 66.

42
 Myqa66ar AoFffAa !pra6, jsyrrl caftdpa Mampa6ueu
Myqa66ar x(aunArrH ruraii ryrrulap, IlqMacra qopaM fryK
Kf:rarrqun Kon druff\a runuafi o4ap, xyr6opa Manrpa6Irleu.
Eouruura uznr 6ano KeJIca, TunapMaH BacIttrn, efr gox,llA,
Eouurna KeccaHr r.rxrflEpqM frfx., leran AufiAopa Marupa6vren.
Xiarofturap MeHLr KyBnap, 6MoH ge6, xap tu{rxap 6opcau,
Axa6 rvrap,uyl, axa6 Mapx(yN{, axa6 canrcopa Manrpa6rr.reu.
jirzvrru xaflKapo pacBonvFIrMHI,I {eq Kr.rrrIH 6r4lvta,
firury xonuu Suao afiia6, axa6 aftdpa Maupa6ueu,
Masu AeBoHa Maurpadra rr,ryxa6darguu 6o0n aiilIaur,
Hrauosy pfsaAaH 6!nu6 MaKKopa Marupa6r"ren".
1

B srori r,t:ene Mbr Br{,u{M o6pa.e Maurpa6a, rpacnoperrzBoro, 6ynrapcxoro, [paBArrBoro, 6eccrpalr-
Horo u l{yt(ecrBeHnoro cycputZcKoro [oora, roroprrfr cBoI,IMr{ lporpeccr,rBHbrMtr cyQuftcro-ueJroBeqHblMll,
He Brruc,ulcr B y3KI,Ie paMKrr o6MaHqusoro Mlrpa cBoero BpeMeHr{, npoxunuufr
npaBAr..IBbIMIr MblcJrf,Mr.r
cKl,rrzulcb I{g ropola B roproA, I{3 K}r[rnaKa B KrnlrJ'raK, I,r B 1711 rogy HeBex(ecrBeHIrbrMI{, BrIacrHbIMH
r
KpyraMl,r rloBetrreHHoro lianxe, Eue B iloBroprmueMcr B Kax.[oM 6afire, BblmettpllBegeHHoro crrrxa,
pequSe "Maurpa6MeH" BMecre , Moxuo rrorrtrb cySufrcroe 3HarreHne groro cJIoBa
"sbrrrrrBrrrufr srlr{o .111068r.r". B u "VngypafinH AepMycau 6 xyfigupafruu gepuycan"
("V6lenn Jrr/r rbl nrrr 6lqeml c)Krrrarb ra3eJrb, Maurpa6 BcrroMr,rHaer uMrr KzBHeHnoro SanarrrqHblM Ay-
xoBeHcrBoM s EarA4Ae cKaraBrrrero "AHa-r-xaK!" Mancypa Xamanxa r{ Bocx[n(aerct [IM.
"...Men ruil\Irllr I{rrrMeH, jilcau raQanra qytrraMilrrr,
VJr Knsn:r 4ou 6upra rqfiuyu rltgnpaimn AepMyceH.
Maucypu XarroxAer r,r.rr,16 ruapo6u anraxyp,
Cyaparra6 Aap ocrl,rra onu6 6opaftLrlr AepMycaH.
EerrrySa66auap cfer.r xoHLrMIaH !r4u, nofr -rofr ,
lI;rrt\u fiyr 6eaapalapuu xyfignpafinn AepMycaH.
Ey 4arraa Aap[y 6orarapuzril conAlr 6onuMa,
IIlnK, Manrpa6, qlrax uupa rytrtlupafiran gepuyceu"2
B srofi riueJre Br.r.qeH o6paz qeJroBeKa BrraBrrrero B gKcra3 or rro6su r A,uaxy, u KaK Mancyp Xau-
JIauK, rrcfrr,rraBtrrero crpaplanrrl., lrcfiuBlrero qanry cMeprrl, noBeAeuHoro Ha tl.[iD(y 6eAuoro, 6ecuououno-
ro Ho He orcr)miilon1ero or ra:6apnnoro nyrz M)tKecrBerrHoro rloera Marupa6a.
Ecrr erqe o4ua cyQr,rficKar ra3erb, o roropofi Mbr He MoxeM rre yrroMJ{Hyrr' rl He lrpr,rBecrtr eE n co-
xpalqEnnou su4e. Dru rIJTaMeHHbre crpoKr{ Mor Hanlrcarb roJrbKo rreJroBeK c ropa4efr yylltoit r c ucrre-
rreJreHEbrM cepAqeM, KpacH,opequBblfi rBopeu, sHAarotrIuftcr rroer cyQuft, Maurpa6:
"1rrap orxr4Krrr,rrr4M aitrcav, Kgo6 xouy xil(oH fprap,
Ey unr6 clrppr,rH 6a€u Kuncarra, raKI4 yn xoHWoH lprap.
(rul rur 6upt4 oft xouo, urra rac$zur 6ods oinaft,
Tlrnurrr nony r!:urrl rzpdn, clHrarnaprzv Hr'rX,oH fprap.
Hil 4arlur KyH eKaH, xouo, BrrczurrHrAaH xyAo 6!luo6
Menn oXuM ryryHnra BaMrrHy ocMoH fprap.
6), lapl una xapo6 Vrglt"t, renu6 x,arl{Mlrrr clp uaccan,
FaLrr,rsunr 6our5a, olau 6ourKa ropoKr.{MHr.r Suron fprap.
Ey Mampa6 rap4vfln, xonoKrr, derr KtlM 6ouura coJrMa,
Alap ntaxuapAa oX ypcrM, 6exuurrr,r xoBrzAau fprap".
Kpoue raserei Manrpa6a, rAe scHo rrsllox(eHbr r4crrrnHar u.nu ueraQopnqecKat rrc6orl, ecrb rzue-
.ltr.r rAe Bcrpeqarorcc olreMerrrbr r.r ucrr,rnuofr, z uetaQopuuecroli rm6sta. floerorury HeKoropble ero crllxrl,
Mhr MoxeM Ha3Bar6 rL3errsurr. o6uefi .rrc6n[, rre Bocrrerr,I MorHBbr n ucruuuoft Ir.reraQopuuecrofr lro6nu.
Ha cauorrr ,qeJre grr,r ABa Bfi1La rw6su flBlrflrorcfl rro Ha3HaqeHVo eAlrrroft (raxgaru BytrryI) nro6ourn. 9eu
ury6xe MbI rI3) IaeM upo6,r,evrr Cy{ru:rua reu 6olrure y6exgaeucs B oroM.

I Tau xe. Cm.p. 18

' Tau xce. Cmp 94
43
 "MalaKcan 6 6aurap {ypy r[rrMorracan 6nnu6 fluac,
Ey oy.Qy 6y naeoxar 6upta ceHIrrH afipunu6 6fnvrac.
Axa6 6epo4M ,ur{n6apcaH, axa6 nr}42 curaurapcaH,
9aponr XycHLr pffinnrarn rlurynHz rarvr y:y5 6lrrvrac.
IO:yrrrru o$ro6uun rlpu6 xaftpou 6!tu6 Konrr.rM,
@anorra rqyl yeoru6 rriMcrr arrBapnr{ onu6 6}nvrac.
Ioeyrr Mr{cnu Kr,t3rfi ryrAyp, Kynryrr vyn 6yn6ynu uJar}qo,
Ey ryluu uruKrrAr.rH 6yr6yr rrrMarrArrH aftpwnu6 6llrrlac.
Kel, ofi Maurpa6, arap ourrK 6firScall, 6ilrrlarm ruQul,
Ey raQnar yftKyclaryn, ofr dpomap, ldrouu6 6!nrvrac,'.1
Bocuenarur[fi c socroproM r{crl,IHlryro rr ueraQoprvecKyrc nlo6ort noor-cyeufi Mampa6 n
Aannofi
tu3elre Maupa6 olrrcbrBaer cuJrbHoe BHyrpeH-
ero 9erorera n Eora, 3arlyrzrBlueroct He 3Hzu
BeK, co3rar elrb rr co3AaBaeMoe c."t4rasrcn erHHbrM, T#?
yAlIBJreIrHbIM, xzulyerct qro He Moxer rIoIIrf,B 4o ue6a pyKr4 "ffi#"#Ht"#ru;T")"ffi,*T J*:H;
Aocrarb rrraMcr,r aHuapa (Elo), u uy6oxo
Bo'rrHyeT q[ITaTs.II-fl, 3acraBJr{JI ero coqyBcrBoBaTb cBoeMy roprc u MyKaM.

HEKOTOPbTE CBEAEHt/fl OE AOTAHCKI4X ([yrnTyHcr{ru()

HAKIIIEAH LIAIACKI.4X CY QI,/.flX

YceHze Harur6aruus rtoflBkrurneect r Cpe4ren Aznu s XIV nere, qepes oAHolo [r3 BeJrr.{Krrx MyA-
peIIoB Xasparn Harm6anAa - Xonxa Anayaauna Arrapa paclpocrpantrrrocB cHarraJra r Ea4axraue, :a-
r9M B o1tacru Ka6y:ra, Bo BceM ASrauucrane r4, HaKoHeq n lenranape, rBrrxBrrrr.rMcr ceBepo-aana,qnoft
o6,racrllo llttlufrcroro rocylapcrBa roro BpeMeHil. Oror flpor1ecc, KaK Mbr yKe roBopunl,t panbme,
cI'IJrbHo ycKoplDlct Bo BpeMeHa 3axupylAuna MyxauuagaBa6ypa fi s XVI-XVII Berax, rocrre Heno.
Kar cupanegnxBo )irBepxAal upoQeccop A64ynxaft Xa6u6v, repBbrM KpyrrrrbrM ) reHbrM cy$uerrn r
crpaHe nyllrryHoB tBIItJrct JIIrAep ocso6oAltterbHoro ABLrxeHrrJr rryrrrryHos n XV-XVI serax Eassra.q Au-
capIE (Ilupu PWu).' B pa6orax ero yrreHr,rKoB nvreparopoB raKr,rx, rar Mupa4xan Ancapn,
\awar
Jlaaauz, Myrua Apsanu z,ueu CyQu3Ma uMeror upeo6nqgarollyro crereHr. Ilocne nux cyQrficiu" omt"n"
qerKo npocJlexlrBarorcs. B noo3rrfi Berr.rKoro rroera cyQur Paxuona 6o6o (A6aypaxuan), Xyuqa,rxana
Xarrara, A6ly,ra Xaunua H npFlIX KpyrrHbrx ilyrrrror3hFrHbrx rrooroB.
O suaMeHllrou aSrancKoM trosre-cy$uu, o6rqecrneuno-rroJlnrr{qecKoM retreJre 6aasu4e Pynraue
(Ilnpu Pymau) u ero cyQlrfrcrovr yqeHlrlr Mbr orAeJrbHo paccKiuKeM B qacrv "Tapr,rKar", "$ryraHl,Ifl" Ha-
nrefi pa6orrr.
B AQrauzcraHe IxupoKo pacrpocrpaHeurr cyQzftcxne rapvKarbr Ko4upr.rr, YLutnrar., Ynaitcal.,
IxFrafiaus, Ky6panu-r. ognaKo, Haru6anxr.r,r 6uree ssaMehura s oroft crpane.
Cpegu a$ranqer, a raK.x(e cpeArl [ylxryHoB Cenepnofi VIu4uu),IIup 6o6o (yuep 1583 rogy) ovenr
rlofiyJrtpeH. Ero nacroqtrIee IrMt Xa:par Cafrug AtrE, a rlx orrla ztumXaspar CafinA Kyp6an A,ru. Ero
lel Caitul Axua.q IO"yQ carrl 6mn poAoM r,r3 Kr4rrrJraKa "Kyl4yc" s o6racrz Falaxruan AQranzcrana.
Pol CaftzAa Axu4lta IOcyQa 6eper uavalo or cafru4or Teprrlesa.
HacaltHrte smanns Xa:par Cafiul A-ru uoryun,lr y cBoero gega. Tar x<e .qeA elo yqul 3HaHrurM Ta-
pI{KaroB "Ky6panzr" u "Harrn6au4ll.t". fft.rp 6o6o n [ercrBe c orIIoM 6mr y [qgr{ffaxa
lerru Xyruarona.
OgHaxo, on 6rn AaJIeK or urlcneft o rr4[rrffaxcrBe, BJIacrz, 6orarcrne, uao6opor, evry 6rur no apre
uym QarupcrBa, MoJlrrrra, 6larolecrvle v peJlrrruo3Hocrr{, rro3AHee craB yqeHr{KoM cyQru CaQapa Py-
MII' oH r'I3) Ia[ ceKperbl TaprlKara "9l4urrlrt". On oco6enHo 3HaMsH[T B rrJreMeHr{ IOcy$eafi. flocr:poun
xarraKil( (o6urenr) B Mecre Ha?brBaeMoM Eyrnp (Eoro Kunr,r), raM HaqaJr pac[pocrparrflTb peJrzrvo3rrbre,
cyQuftcrlte Weflflr, BocrIlITiuI MHoz(ocrBo )AeHr.rKoB, cBoe rrpo3Br4trIe "flup 6o6o" nolyvlur rau xe. Bo
BpeM,I naIJlrrraxa Ar6apa, n 1583 ro4y, flup 6o6o cronsarcfl, B cBoeM xnHaKaxe. Cefiqac oro Mecro

1-Ta.M
xe. Cmp. 127
o ",Qt Xyw4ott.M,apea,nr,p!'t".
Ilpeducnoeue Hanucanilroe A6dynxae,u Xa6u6u K gmo,+ty co6panuto, Kotdaeap, 1938.
Cmp. 53.

4
crrtrTaercr cBtrTbrM. Ibnoprr, rrro ocHoBarenb rapuKara glamrus Xarpar MynLunu
rlunrrnfr cKailttu ile-
peA cMeprbro cBolrM yrreHIIKaM, qro ec,Tr.r no-uu6ygr He cMoxer coBepIrLITb nanoMHl,IqecrBo Ko MHe' To
Moxer coBeprnr,rrb ero rr K flrap 6o6o.i llg sroro 3aBoIIIaHI{t Moxlto y3narb, uro IIup 6o6o n cBoe BpeMt
6rrrr snrcoro [oqrrraeMblM tryxoBHbIM Jrr.IAepoM.
Xaepar Koro Caxu6 usutr (IIJaftx Paxnurcop, 1575-1655) raK xe 6Hr s AtlrauucraHe o.rIHr{M I'I3
KpyrrHbrx cyQzfrcrux )nreHr,rx cBoero BpeMeHrr. gror yveunfi cyQr.rfi 6luyvll [yxoBHbIM HacraBHI{KoM
Xyur4anxaua Xarrana Ilr Bcex rBoprlecKr,rx :rrcIeri HapoAa Xatr-ara, 3aHrlMaer oco6oe Mecro B llcropfill
a$raou"n, oco6esno xarraKoB. Ero uacrosuee r4Mr Kacrupryl2, a orlla ero 3Barv Caiir,ra Eax44up ca-
xlr6. 3a xopoluoe ornorrreHue K HapoAy rr 3a paclpocrpanoH[e xopoluero cWWa u cyQrafrcrux :nauufi
cpeAr{ HapoAa, B KaqecrBe AyxoBHoro Jrr{Aepa, ero eule [pr,t xH3III{ rra3BaJII{ "III4[a Paxurap" (IIIaftx
uruocepAnrrfi). AQranqu 6onrne 3oBy[ ero rar "Koro caxn6"au. (A$rauuu BeJIIrKoro, yBdKaeMoro,
crapUa Ha36rBaror "Koro"). Orr po4lrlcr s 1575 ro,qy, ,uo 13 ner l.r3yqaer HaqiMbH[Ie peJII{rlIo3Ho-
rou$eccuouarrbHbre HayKn. Kor4a IIIax Ar6ap upu6m u: fleru r fleuanap, rloKillrlBzu 6o:nuoe yea-
xeHr{e r IIIafixy Paxurapy BbrcoKo uoqr,rraeMoMy nytrrryHaMlr, o6nlaetc.r c HrrM. Bo rpeu.r ororo pa3ro-
Bopa lrMrreparop Ar6ap oKa3brBrul eMy BHr,rMaHne roBoplir, '?,cr*t Bu qro lluOyls xorr4Te, rrpocnre, t
HeMeAJreHHo ucnolnn!". TorAa IIIax Paxurap roBopr.rr, "6patr 4apenus or Koro-Hll6yAr rpoue Arraxa,
,qJrf, MeH.fl no3op. Mne Hra.rero He Ha[o KpoMe gapa A:r;Iaxa", Hecuorpr Ha ero I{Mrleparop rroIapuJl
IIIafixy Paxvt<apy oponaeruyro 3eMJIro c ca4oM B IrpeAMecrrsx nemasapa. O1traro oH orltlB 3eMJIIo cBo-
eMy Myp[Uy Illax6o:xany (oreq Xynxalxana), cau rpoAoJrxaJl xlarr 6eIno, rloqru HntrIerIcKI{, MoJtflcb,
ncrrbrrbrB,rr rpyrHocrrr KaK rzcrr.rrrHufi cydrufr. IIIafix Paxurap xopomo Bbryq[n or cBoero orua ruafrxa
BoxaUypa caxu6a rr 3rraMeHr{roro lUaftxa ur Kyxara XoAxu Eoxagypa caxu6a, lrrLtpoKo pacrpocrpaHen-
Hbre, B ro BpeMrr B srpaue lytrrrynoB, raprrKarbr Hanilr6anluq, Cyxpanap$vrfl, 14 Ynailcut, caM no3nHee
3alrHTepecoBaBllrtlcb cepbg:tHo rap[IKaToM "Harur6anqfifl", uzyqvn ceKperlr erolo BeJrl/tKoro raprlKara rI
yrlur cBotrx ) reHLrKoB, rax ,{xauarrxan, XyrxalxaH r{ IPyIze.
Ilpflgepxfiriurcb yqenux Harcm6anna, IJJafix Paxurap, BcIo )Kr{3lrb rIpoBeJI s 6erurocrn, coBceM He
r{Hrepecyrcl 6orarcuaurr, rr cBoux lvryprrAoB yrr[r roMy xe.^ O6yuar o.qHoro ]rypnAa oH cKzulzul, rrro Art
qe.[oBeKa 3oJloro lr cepe6po paBIIbI o6rmuosenHoMy KaMHIo.'
IIIaftx Paxrarap raK)Ke 6rn ornraqubrM nporroBegHnKoM, ero rrporloBe4Ia uy6oro 3arpartlBzull'I cepA-
rla cJryrnarenefr. O,quaJK,r{br ero cbru IIIafix A6,qyr Xanur crrpoclln y orlla: "O ylaxaeMrrft oreq, cKiuKrr-
Te MHe, cJIyIIrare.rIH Barrrux npouonegefi I:/,1utT paclalrB KaK BocK, rtponrrnad pytlbtMtr cJre3bl. Haruu npo-
Karos c€Kper BaIIrux nponoregefr?" On orBerI{JI cBoeMy
rIoBeAn He oqenb 3arparr.rBalor cJlyruarenefi.
crmy: 'Crru uofi, Brr rrporroBelyere ronhKo r3brKoM, a t nporloBeAylo [yffofi" (IIIafix Paxlrlrap xoqer
cKa3arb, qro cJroBa A-ulaxa y Hero B cepArle, rrro cal\{ A.tlax y Hero B AyIIre). Xors IIIafix Paxuxap u
coBeprrreHcrBe BJraleJr r3bIKaMr{ ypAy, rtepcrdAcKlrM, apa6cruu, rrocJre raxlofi nsrHuqHofr MoJII{TBrI B
csoefi xanaKe, oH rrpocro u y6egwretbHo rrporroBeAoBiul HapoAy Ha TIyIIITyHcKoM t3blKe. flpoxun ncro
cBoro xn3rrb no sartr6aruufiirurr.r npuuqllrau, veu 6o:ree HLIqITM z 6egurru 6rur ero yrreH[IK, reu 6o-
JIee oH 6nn npnr*arr K HeMy u oKzr3blBrul 6omure MI,InocepAZt evry. gacro AaBat B AoJIr, IloMoran 6eg-
H6IM, HelIMytrIEM, BAoBaM I,I crrporaM, pa3AaBan I{M egy. ,[axe nac;regcrBo, ocraBllleect eMy or orlla, ofl
paiAar 6eAuuu L4 Hevryx\Lnvr. Kaxrurft rplrxolrtrIrrft r IIIaftxy c npocr6ofi, He yxoAIIn pirorlapoBaH-
nnft. On [pox<lln S0-nerurorc, ,uonryro x(r,r3rrb u cKourla,Tcs, n 1675 rogy. IIocneIHI,IMI{ 6ruru ero cre-
A/roqr{e cJroBa: "Cueprr rar-61xro Mocr, rrepe3 eror Mocr Bcrperlaerct oAIrH Apyr c ;uo6uIurn"r [PYroM,
To ecrb c A,uraxour"."
AQrancrzft sHaMeHurufr rroor, rcnaccflK r,r MblcJrIzre,nr XynrxaJlxoH Xamax (1613-1689), novnrax
cBoero AyxoBHoro HacraBHI4Ka IIIaftxa Palraxapa, IIoKa3bIB{tfl csoe rny6oroe yBalKeHlae K HeMy' cragal: "C)
IUafrx Paxr,map! Xynxan Bcerga oflupaercfl na Eora, rlIrv Ha re6g'"' 3ua{tlt, uoor XyurxilIxaH BI'III4T
cBoero s"nuxoio cyQnfrcxoro )l-rrlTenr, [yxoBnoro HacraBHIiIKa IIIafixa Paxurapa HapaBHe c Borou. Eto
orreHb BbrcoK.lf, oIIeHKa, 6esrpanuuuo BeJII,IKoe yBilKeIIue x IIIaftxy Paxurapa!

1 @arup Myxauuad A66oc Kodupu. CyQuAu, dapeuwou ae eosudu. [Iewaeap louueepcumu 6yx sxeucu, ]977
zod, 23 -trapm. Crnp. 6-9.
2
Llseecrnuwil 6tazoyxanu4uil qeemox pacmyryufi Ha seJure aQzarugee Hd3bleaemca "Kacmupzyn"
'
o
Tau we. Cmp. 20.
Tau xe. Cmp. 22.
t @arcup Myxauuad A66oc Kodapu, "cyQurtnap, dapeuuuap, eosunltp". Ileutaeap, 1979, Cmp 23.

45
 ._
gaHrrM KpytrHuu
-^|ry: Ero Hacrosrqes r,rMfl cyeufi yHoB crrflraercr _ Eaxagyp 6o6o
(1581-1686).
Cynran Myxarvft,ragmax. Oguaro,
cpepr Hapora on 60nee r{3BecreH
YqerIbII'I c'y+", poArrrrc, n l5g1
rory B Arpe (flugur).
ronQeccuouHbre HayKrl.
Jrllxrrx lllafixor cBoero
6usmefi rorAa eArrHbrM
Hero, xeHtrT ero Ha cnoefi upuenanofr Aorrspr,r
10OO axapu6os serrfiH s AaAx(e, n Kyrare z r
oTu
,3elvflIll, ilocTpol4Jl xaHaK:x n Kyxare I,I yrun IIo II IIO3HaHZ' 6ora, B
1686 roiry oH yMep B cBoeM xaHaKiu(e. Er.o uecro y
Eero ecrb erue rrcrpoe Ha3BaHue ..raxraBa' Banu,,.
cnoBenrle. Oguax4rr B ero xiuraKax
lSIf ;T#::"taT;
IIIafrx crpocun ero, qro euy pa6y 6o
Huqzfr nHAyc orBervJr: ,,O netrurxufr.

IIo rBoeMy, s 6rar.ocroBrx), ThI rlpoxcltBellrb Aonro H

rperufi pa3 rr rbr 6ygenrr MycynbMa-
6o npoxnn .qoJrryo xr,I3Hb B nocrar-

era rrymryrron Xlmrxonxaua. Eror MyAperI cveufi

caxu6a) v yurrcfl, y Hero ceKperaM TapnKara
rrcMorpoM orqa Illax6asxana Bbrpacraer o6pasoran_
H6IM' MYXECTBEHHbIM IAPTIEM, MACTEPOM
Pir3JIIIqHbIX 6OESTX IICKYCCTB.
Kar uznrerc-fl B pvcalle "Mauaru6 u w 4xa anrxarf', oAHaxAbr Ilxaua,,rxan. KaK xaHcrnfr or-

poB nc rroK;roHoM, flo3lopoBilBlllrrcb rrpHIIIen r IIIa

p rlyrb MoJIITTB I'I TpyrHocreft, noluocrbrc orKa3aurct
or HacJIeAcrBa ua xascrufr npectol. A
K u [perloAuec IIIaftxy u ero yrleH[rau.2 flxaualxarr ocraBrrJr rrocJre ce6s Hecror;Ko pyKo-
II
Hs tp}qon, HarIHcaHHbIx .{xavranxaHoM HzlM rroKa r.r3Becrrrbl Tpr{: l)"Tasrupar yl-aBuI,I6,,, 2),,Hypu
Myxaur,r41un", 3)"Manarcu6u IIIafrx paxurap',. B ua
"Ta:rupar yn-awrud" ,{xauanxau Arur MHoro cse1eH[fr
IIIar?xe Paxurape oH rrr{rrrer cneAyroqee: ,.Anrop oror7
u MypI'In IIIafixa Paxvrnapa. flocle roro, KaK r criul ero Mypr'tAovt, t rlpnolpen cpeArr HapoAa BeJrHKoe
aux "$axnP", floA orLIM zMeHeM fl crur 3HaMenrrr. gepee -uecronrro i"r ipnlai ts cocrorHrre B&Kar,
6polutt I(aK A9PBIIII.Jlloan criurl{ roBopurr: "gror.renbreK corrreJr c 'I\,Ior?
Wa". yvzrelb orBerriur EM:
"Xorer 6rl s m,rerr uo6olrnre raKl{x cwacmeArxnx geprnnrefi!',3
V Axaua,rxaua 6u-no MHoro yrIeHIrKoB nocnegorarerrefi. yuewus, uaKil6aHAils. Cauuft guaueur.rrrui
rr3 Htrx - Arax Xarpar Axu caxu6.,{xarraanxan cKoHqzurc, 1116 roay xuAxpbr. Ero uonr:ra B Kr.rrrrJraKe
Tanran y Axyplr, cqilTaYrcfl, aQraurler, oco6euuo .qJTr xarraKoB, cBttrIeHHbrM MecroM rIoKJroHeI{Lr.fi,
Etqe onus rpyunlrfi aQrancrufi yvenufr - uarur6aulufi Arax Xarpar
nxu caxz6 (1631-171g).

r Taat we. Cmp. 10-13

"" "Mauorcu1u du fixauanxau". Ilewaeap, 1379. Cmp. 6-7.
' "Manarcu6u da fixanatxan". Cmp, Ii.
46
 Hacrosqee IIMf, erolo yrleHolo cy$ut IIIafix flxss u oTIIa elo rnalu flup Aaly. Ero poA KopIUtMII
us ManepauHrupa, a n Atpianucrarre osu oxa.:alrrcb Bo BpeMrI Ea6ypr.r4on. Arrar Xa.:par [6u caxu6
popruncfl 1631 roay. Ou ylu-rrcl CyQr,rsuy y Xaspara Carln Jlaxypll, rIoA ero pyKoBoIcrBoM craJl rIJreHoM
iapuxara Haxn6anAus. lBro yvraieleu n AQrauucraue cql{raerc.fl Axaua,rxau ([xaunl6er) v]rrt
"6arup caxv6". Bepa Car4z Ilaxypn s IIIafrxa.flxrs 6lrna Hacro:rbKo cv.Irbna, qro r 1693 roAy npu6un
n Ileurauap ue Jlaxopa cKic:ur cBor4M MyplIlIiM, ' 6oxecTBeHHbIM 3HaHLIIIM II Ml[pocrtM
y IIIafixa flx.nfl,, norovry qro oH Ao6uJrcs caMoro '. Belurue cyEnv roro BPeMeEIa MItsH
Vuapcaxn6 n pa6ore "Tas:ea-y,r-Mar,oHn" n Myxaurraa.q fasc s oAHoM cBoeM raplrKare ilLrcilr , I{ro
IIIanx.flxu ffiu caxu6, cauuft BeJIIIqafiuufi r'ny4peU cyQull cBoelo BpeMe[II.
Oco6enuocrr.r Xa:paril lllaftxa flxnx, csoftcrseHHbre rapplKary Harur6an)lw, craJrrl leren,4ori cpeAI'I
HapoAa. On no narur6anquftcru xnn B Hr,ItrIere n 6e4nocru, Bcerla crIaJI Ha oAuoft IroAcrI{rIKe, Hullero
He noAKna,ubrBafl no.q ronoBy. Eto uoqreur4e IIepeA cBorrM yuflTeneM Xasparu Cargu-Jlaxypu 6wno r'a-
croJlbKo BhrcoKo, qro BcettAa upu6un r Jlaxop u: AraKa, 14 lrl,eit upofr1x [eIIrKoM I4 zcrlbrraB MHoro
:liulse;auit n crpallalrlir, cltr cpa:y flocetrlzur Morr{ny cBoero } rlrreJrt. Ero yveumu: KpynHble uaxur6an-
Auficnle M1trpeubr, rrogrbr, yrreHble rr rbrc.flrrr,r 4epnurueft flpvxo,ql{nu s AraK IIe roJIbKo I'I3 Bcero AQra-
Hl,rcraHa, Ho g n3 llenqxa6a, Xnngycraua, Ciluqa v WlruLrr;cb y Hero peJllr[ro3Ho-ronQeccuonHblM, cy-
rlecrHocrb, rlllcrora, BeJII{KoAWue,
Quficro-ullcrl,IqecKzM HayKaM, npuo6perax raKr,Ie KaqecrBa, KaK
rlpaBlr,rBocrr, Qarupcmo, MuJrocep \ve 14 6oro6os:Hl.
Xa:par IIIafrx fly,rs,IlXu caxu6 fipox<un Aonrym xtr3Hb II Wep s 1718 rony. Ero MorI{JIa Hil(oAlrr-
cx y pexu Arar z cqr4Taytcfl ctwlbrM rIoqHTaeMbIM MecroM g;rx aQrauqer.l
Mruu Vuap caxu6 (yv.. 1776) raKxe csvraelrcs, uMent,trblM yrIeHhIM cySueu u rpylttofr penurrlo3-
uofi nuqnocrbrc B crpaHe aQranqen. Orqa snarl,I Myxavuau ll6poxuuxan, AaI'r sranu K4gupxaH, ero
rrpe1Klr x.r4xrLr B o6nacryr E44Naryp. AeA Kqupxan 6rrn 6onrmuu yqeHbIM cyQueu cBoero BpeMeHI{ lI
cocrorJr B TaprrKarax "Ko11wput" u "gunrlux". Bo rpeueHa cBoero uapcrBoBlulut lpaBlrrenl ,[elu IIIax
,{Naxau nonapu.'r Kagzpxauy 3eMJIlo B rrpoBrrHrlfiu @apula6aa. MLtsH Yr.,tap caxu6 B MonoAocrl'I yq[ncr
peJrurrro3Ho-rou{eccuoHnbrM lr cy$uficrnM HayKaM y raKltx Kpynubtx }rqeHbII, xax IIIafix @apnl Ar-
6aptyp,", XoUxu Myxarrarvra,q Arvrr,rn fleurauapu, Xa:par A64yn Ib,Dyp Harm6aulu. Kar trrlrlrer Mustt
Vuap-caxu6 s csoeft pa6o're "Tasgel yn-uaonufr", cHaqtLIIa on 6rul B Tapl{Kare "Vaailcurfl", 3areM y Hero
yc1arrturBaerc . r{HTepec r "Haxur6aH4uru" rr oH Bcrpevaercfl c rpynnefrnruM nunepoM gToro rapr{Kara roro
BpeMeHH .fxrr (Arar Xaspar ,(xu caxlr6), crauoeiarct ero MypItAoM a ysvrcfl y IIerc MyApocrsM rapr-
rara "Harur6aulus". Mnr:rro Jrer rrpoxs{B c ureMenar*aIa IOcyQrafr. u Xulutl oH Boclllrruul MHox(ecrBo
rrocJreAoBarereft rapurata uaxm6aHlut orux nneNIdH.
Mu-flu Vuap cixu6 3anperuJr frJreMerraM, B Korophlx xHrI, BblpaullBarb flepeq, ra6ar v qapc (,laax;'
Haxo4r o6rscHegut, coolBercrByroque mapuary Ir JrorI{Ks, oH roBoPlnn, rITo gTIr rptl lri,rl0.ll, oco6eggo
ra6ar u qapc ocrafinsrcr x{ floprrr ,uytrrr{ H rreqenrd r4crlrHHblx MycynbMaH, Ooprcqlrxcr Ha IIyr[ Axuna:
ra. Ilurepecno ro, rrro Ha poAHHe Mrl.su Yuapa ctrxu6a, TpoBITHIII{E Ilyrauy, Ao cl4x rlop He Bblparuu-
samr tu6taK r{ qapc. Muou,ri Mylperrbr A$rauucraua, Cy6au Capxa.qa (flarucran), IleuAxa6a B Te Bpe-
MeHa crrrrraJulcb yqeHuKamrr v [ocneAoBareJIJIMIr Murtt Vuapa caxu6a. ,{axe ocuoBareJrb rocyAapcrBa
A$rauncrau Axu4A IIIax A64alu (,[yppanu), roxe 6rut ylenuroM Mu.flH Vrraapa caxu6a u qepe3 Hero
so-"n B rapr,rKar "HaxnrdanAur". MuxH Vuap ronopun cBoeMy yqeH[Ky Axuau lllaxy:,"9fi_uaguurax!
Trr crannesuan A-nnaxa rra 3ewre. IloAsrHtfrcl Eory ror4a sce 6oxru co3IIaHI,It (pa6rr) 6lgyr re6e
uoAqr,rHflrbcs. Bo BpeMt rrpaBJreur,rg Hr,rKorAa ue gonycr<afr BblcoKoMeplrt. He nepecrasafi ns'rn pa3 Mo-
JrI,ITbcr. Hurorla n-e rypll KoHorrJrlo. fIoMItz, qro Bce rIoAaHHbIe cMorptr na re6s. Ecnu ru 61ael]r
HeBepyrcn1ru, ne 614ell, Morurrcs u 6ygemr Kypr{Tb KoHorIJIIo, rorAa.Bce rBoII fiolaHHue 6ygyr roxo-
x(rrMut ua re6s u ne 6yAyt' :a6orurrcg o rocy1apcrBeuHblx AeJrax. Ouu cranyr HenoKopIrbIMIn I{ BparaMI{
Eory, z 61ayr rnycubtMl{ I} o6oux Mupax".
flocle roro, KaK Axrvrzr,q IIJax A6Uauu s 1747 ro.qy 3arrtB r Kau,uarape rpoH, craJl na.{uilaJ(oM Bce-
nr AQrauucTana, nO 6laroclqBellllrc I.I HacraBJ IIpo3Bl{Iqe 'Aypplt
AypaH;' (xeuuyr xeuvyron), 3areM ero rureMs "A
''
flocrpoun Meserb r4 xaHaKax B cBoeM KrIIIriraKe OAITJI TaM Bce Bpe-
Mn Bo3gocr MoJrlrrBbr, cobnrolar [ocr rr IrpeAaBatcb acKerlr3My. B xaHaxe Xarpaur xnrl B 6eAsocrn
coorBercrBeHHo ) reHrrro lfaK[r6aHga, pa3AaBaJI eAy Id .scrBa cnporaM [I BAoBaM, IIIeApo paqAaB&rl MIIJIO-
CTbIHIO.

t (Darcup Myxanuad A66ac ffoduputr.. "cyhurtnap, dapeuwtap 6a Fosuiltdp". cmp. 14-17.

47
 Mztu Yvap caxm6 ocrasl{Jl TaK.x(e pa6oru, KaK "TaB3ea yl-rrlaronufi", 'Xyracar y,r-xafrgauufr,,.
Pyrouucnue KOIIIII ero tpyroB Bcs eue qacro Bcrpeqarorcy
B crparre ttymryuoB. B csoux pa6orax oH
I,IMoM "(DaKr.rp". Sror
^L776
ryenufi cyeufi yMep B toxy,' ero Morrrrra coxpaHr.rJracb B
Haruux ,unefi. 13 .uxapu60n 3eMJrrr, no.qapeggbre erury Airr,rqn IIIaxou rrr#;; ;;;""

crpaHa aQranqer c ognofi croponhr yrflstaewas. a

xaHoB I{ [peABolr.rrenefi odtacrlu Cnar, 4aer coBe_

3axBarqrrKaMr,I, Kortlopy aua,rrtnft
aQrauqen. Tenepr oH He KaK
aeraucruu xanaM r,r capnapaM, r{ roBoplrr:
ax! Co6epurecb B egraHufi KyJraK, o6.seaisn_
rrprrcrrynarrr{cb K err{M HacraBrr
" o6n"o"rrr-,i#u!';?:"pu?a"tffiHi::ff##Hi1.###j]
e't4n.rrrafixa
pafionax Capror z
MECTHOCTTI IIA3bIBAE-
6aaloclomrer rrx lr
cirM TaKxe cTpenc,s
v3 plDKbs rlo Bpary nor64lpzraer MlaxaxeroB- rrocne ororo aHrJrr{qiure
orsryrrnB, Hs pemalorc, araKo-
larn o6nacrz-Bynuy ll Manararu Csara. 3nauennro cpeAtr aQranqer [I{cbMo
HarrficanHoe aurnufrcrcuu
KoMl{ccapoM Ba6a ,{xu caxuly H rrofiyrleHHsil na uero ot*"i.
Anuurftcxnfi rouuccap truruer: ..Hama
MoIIIb cllJlbna' Brt He Moxere cofipor[B,Tsrbct anrJlr{ficruu
rofrcrau. Bu rloAu ,uepBl,I[rr4, gaHgMafrTecr
uonzrurofi u 6r'IrsaN'Iu. Mbr rolrxo xorl4M rr3rr{arr, MyAxaxeroB r.r3 ororo pafiona,'.
Ea6a lxu caxrn6 s
orBer KoMllccapy IIIIItrer: "HecoMHeHHo, y sac 6oatrue MoIIII, oAHaKo
ecrb Moryqee repneHr4e, Koropoe
cIaIIbHee Bac, 9Ta MoIIIb, cnoco6nag yEnrIToxETb 3ilGarql{KoB
AzuKe orpoMHblx KaK cJroH, ecrb HarIlrI
curacu MyAxaxeAbl-n/rycyJlbMaHe. florouy, rITo LIx rJI:lBHau otlopa oro -
Ho' t - OALIH HI'IIIIuft! oluaxo BbI rIpuue,TbIIbI [orleMy nu 6er crblra
Allax ucesrmHzlMtrecouneu-
Ha[aAaere Ha Hac, nzrqux! Taroe
HauareHrre BaM He rroAxoAr.rr, Jryqme yxoAure u3 rraurefr uycyrruaucrori
crpaHnr!"
B 6o'fix c arlrJr'qzrHauz Ea6a lxu caxn6 cavr 6eccri uhroo Ha KoHe, BMecre c MlAXaxeArMrr
aer cp ""M "!a gapyer BzrM u"nuu uo6egy!
vx roBopltn:
frl KP erparz!';
axu cfl' pacre 82 let. llrax, Eo6o .[xz caxu6 rre roJrbKo
yln]I HapoA p eccl4oHHbtM r'r cyQrafrcro-MficrlqecKr{M HayKiM, Ho Lr o6reAusnn
cxuit aapol B aumnrlcrr'rx KoJloHl{3aropor. flynrryncxnfi- uapog oqerb BhrcoKo
;4il-
yBaKaer Ea6a [5u caxw6a He roJrbKo KaK BeJrI,IKoro [peAcraBlreJu \eHvr u
raptrKara Harur6as4r,r t, Iiai1;1a n
MyApeua cySun, Ho r{ KaK BoxAt, 6eccrpanruoro pyKoBoAr4Terrl,
M}rKecrBeHHoro [peABoArrreJrr (rarz)
ABItXeHT{t couporr4BrreHrlrl lrporrrB anrruitcxltrx KonoHlr3aropoB.
Iporegurlft Bcrc cBon co3HareJrbuyro xlrsub s 6osx i norronrnruropalvru TypanrgL
(1856-1937) rarNe cquraercs oAHLIM I{3 3H,tt,reHlrrbrx yqeubrx cyezen -Haxm6alrafrv Xarrxu cax*t6
D. penirTo3go-

Ivrvrpeqa ) IeHoro Xaepara A6y6arpa Axyn4e44u. ;"f-X?tdruf#:"t"Tffiffi::#r:Yaffi##

' @arcup Mym-tt-ttad A66oc K,odupu- cyQu,fuiap, c)apeuwap ea zosuil,tap. Ileutaaap, 1977. Cmp. 24-31. Ilseecm-
tto' 4n7o 6onee noeduee yumere'tr Axnad IIIaxa
/lypparu 6u., dpyzoil yueruwil. uz liarcw6auduu
)eypu.
IIIailx Ca6up JIa-
Marraxaug, nocreresHo HacryrraJrz Ha Apyrlre pafioun Cy6au Capx4gz. flo scefr aSraucxofr Irrll-
3eMJre.
poKo pacilpocTpaHr,rJrocb ABr{x(eHr,re co[poTI{BrIeHIIf, IIpOTIIB 3aXBaTqI{Kos. Bo IJIaBe TaKI'Ix ocro6o4u-
TeJIbHbIx ilsuxela*ria crolJrr fiarpl{o'r[qHrre, cBo6o,qoaro6rasrre, nrc6sque Hapor rr poArIHy, nporpeccllBlro
MbIcJIrue€ uarur6anlufrcxoe AyxoBeHcrBo, ) Ienbre II BoxArr cydpnu. HMeuuo B ero BpeMt, KorAa ocBo-
6o4lrannna.a 6opn6a KrrrreJra Bo-ucrc, Typanrsy Xa,qxu caxu6 BopBaxcfl na o6qecrueHHo-rloJr[TllqecKylo
crleny crparrbr rrytrrryrroB. B 6urse c aHnruqaHaMlr rpol{3onreAnrefi s 1897 roAy 4l-nerHnfr Typanr:y
Xqlxu caxu6 [oKa3brBrur yArrBr,rrenbnoe MyrKecrBo rr [poc;raBvJres Iro BceMy Cy6au Capxagy. Typaursy
Xagxu caxu6 flocervB pafiou MoMarrAoB, Bcrpeqaercx c r4MeHr.rrblu cyQuficruu IIIarixoM cBoero BpeMe-
HIt XaAe Mylna caxu6au (ou roxe 6rn flyxonubrM nr,rAepoM, AaBaBIIIutu 6nalocloBeHlle ra3aBaraM rlpo-
Tr{B aHrJrr{qau), nepeurB y Hero ceKperbr rapr,rKaroB Kagupzr u Haxm6anALlt, rloJrb3yerc.s 6oxecrseHuo-
MucrurrecKr,rMq 3HaH[rMu Illafrxa. flocne KoHrruHr,I Xage Myrra caxu1a s 1,9O2 roAy, ero Hssectnrrfr
yrreHr,rK CytDu fynr Alura caxra6 6eper uo4 cBoe Bocrrr{TaHl,re MoJIo.uoFo I,I My)KecrBeHIIoro yuenura Ty-
paHruy X4Axu caxu6a r4 no rpalluqr,ru a$rancrzx narm6angrftcrnx cySnen ropxecrBeHno Bpyrlaer eMy
cBoro qiurMy u ca6np. floc.rre ororo T,vpaur:y Xa4xu caxu6 craHoBl,Irc.s seruxofi cyQufrcrofr JIrIqHo-
cTbrc, rrMeErrTbIM ra3rr 14 IIoJIKOBoAIIeM B CTpilHe nymTyHOB.
B 1900 rogy Typanrsy Xalxu caxu6 ABa pa3{l coBeprraer xaAX, 3areM ou s letrraBape v Maplaue
BMecre c peJrl4rlro3rrr,rMr{ I4 o6nIecrseHHo-[o.]rI'ITIrqecKI,IMr,I AeiraMI,I Haq[Haer rlpocBerlrre-rlbcKyto Aetrenb-
HOcr6 cpe4rr nlmryfloB. Orrpuraer 6olee copoKa Me4pece u IIIKoJI. Typaur:y XalNu coxz6 cquraercs
TaKx(e ocuoBareJrgu l{cnarracroro KoJrJIeAx(a flenanapa u Yuuyepcurera flemarapa. Eorcl nrnruur Ty-
paHrcyXAAxu caxula Ha ftrapol, anr:ruficrqe KoJloHlisaropbr Ha rprr rola 3aroqlIJILI ero r rruprvry. Bmfr-
Ar tr3 rrupbMbr, oH yxoAtn' s o6flacrl 6ynup r,r co6pan oKoJIo 4000 yvenuKoB I{ clytuarelefi, HaquHaer
6opr6y c aHrJrr.rqanauu. Ero cpoKeHrre lpoAonxaercn 27 Atefi. O6xonls pafronrr Csar s E4gxanyp, on
s 1915 ro.qy Aenaer Kanqarap (fa:ila6al) rleHrpoM rrneMeH Mouaxl u CaQrl. B 1926 u 1927 rolax B
pafione Illa6r4gpa rpordcxoArrr cparKeHrre c aHrrrr,IqanaMn, [o.U ero pyKoBoAcrBoM. Bo npeux ocno6olu-
relruofi 6urerr 1935 roga, xorr X4qxn caxn6 6rur yxe crapqeM, o6eccrueunbtM ,I Hs cnoco6nnu xo-
Azrb, craBrrr cnofr vanapxar (muporir.f, AepeBflHHax rpouarr) Ha caMoe BhrcoKoe Mecro nole 6or u py-
KoBoAIIT orryla 6oeu. 'Canaar [orlernarr cMeprb, cMeprr, Bo BpeMJI 6ol, nycrt t y:r4py Bo BpeMx srofl)
6ol, flo tryru rra3aA ner!" roBopr{r orr MypKaxeAaM. BocrMra.qecsranernuit HaKm6aHA[ficxnfi cyQuficrufi
Box.qb Typanrry Xagxn c'axu6 cKoHrr,rJrcr s 1937 ro,qy [ocJre rsxe"'Iofr 6onesHLI.
Typanr:y Xa,qxu cnxr46 rro)qffi cBor,Ix MypLI,rIoB, roBopr4n: "caMufr noveruuft, ropoucufr u npruofi
rryrb BeAyrrluft, y pafi, oro - Axolxagu Quca6wl.[o", TO ecrb D(ItxaJI Bo rrMf, Annaxa. )Knrr flpocro, rlo
naxu6auguficxu, 6enuo, tsenr{Kol)mrr4e) or sceri lytllu cJr)DKI,ITb pa6au Boxlr,tlr, yqlrrb Apyn4x qlrcro-
rrJroruocrn ll qecrHocru, 6oporucr 6eccrparuno :a cro6o[y HapoAa - erz 6latopoAnble rcaqecrsa 6rL'Iz
BaJKHbrMrr AocrolrHcTBarrrn Tlpanr:y XquNI,r caxu6a.'
Tarue rrporpecclrBnue o6uecrBeHHo-rroJrr{Tr4llecKr{e, peJlurno3Ho-ron{eccnoHHble. 6oxecrsenHo-
cyQllficrue v\ev H coBpeMerrHbls BoXAH, o6qecrnenno-[onarrrqecKl,Ie pyKoBoArITenI{ ilyllrryroB, eBoJrIo-
IIIIoHIIo [poAonx(iuor r.Ix E ycoBepmeflcrBylor. Eru uporpeccl,IBHble MrIcJITI MbI Mo)I(eM rlpocJreAurb B
yAlrBr.rre.rrbHofr o6uecrBeHHo-rroJrrlrr.rqecrofi AetreJrbHocrlr )AIeHI,IKa Typaursy Xa,4xra caxu6a, Harrrero
coBpeMeHHura Xan A6lylr faSQapxana (1890-1988). A6gyr faQQapxau (Eovoxau) crllrraerct He rorlb-
ro o6tqecrneHHo-rloJnrrrrqecKtrM rLIAepoM nyrrrryncKolo HapoAa, Ho I,I coparHl{KoM TaKI4x nll.qepoB arl-
rr.rKoJronrrnJrbHoro ABrd(errr4r s lftu{ocrancrona cy6roHTI{HeHTe, rar Maxarnaa fatl,qu, A6.uy.u Kalau
AsaA, Axaril(apJral Hepy. OcuoBarrHaJr uu s l93O roAy laprrrJr "Xylau xIIAMarKap" (rpacuoo4exurre) n
30-40 roUax ycflerrrHo pyKoBoAr{T Hau[oHrurbno-ocno6o4nrenbHblMu ABaxeHILtMIr [yurryHcKoro HapoAa
rrporrrB anr,rruricKr,rx KoJrorrlr3aropor. PyrononrrMar, cbrHou A6gyn fa$Qapxaua, XaH A6ayl Ba"ltlxasou
"HaquouatrHo-Hapo[Ha:r rraprrrJr flarcucraga'' ceroAnr Bo3rJraBJrter rle ronbKo uyIIrr]'HcKI,Ifr napoA, no u
Bce Hapolbr llaruc-raua n ux 6opr6e :a cno6o4y, AeMoKparI,IIo, MHp, o6lqecrnenuufi uporpecc.
A6nyr fa$sapxan (Eovoxan) s csoefi KHIrre "3uo x<BaH,q as uy6apuza" (Mor xlt3ub u 6ops6a)
BcuoMnrr.u AyxoBHoro EacraBHrrKa, BeJrtrKoro BoxAt aul'rl,IKoJloHlrarrurofr 6opr6u r C16an CapxqAe u
lrMeHrrroro nanm6au,uuficroro cy$ur yqvrsilfl Tapanr:y Xalxu caxuda ru,Irrler: "9Ta BeJurK,tfl JllrqHocrb,
6rn cropouuuKoM peQopu no rpe6ouaHrrro HoBoro BpeMeHIr. OH 6es ycrurvr BeIr arrlTar\Mlo 3a orMeHy
crapbrx flepexrrrKoB tr BpeAHbrx rpauuur,rfi R xlur3le.pr HapoAa. On no BceMy Cy6au Capxary co3Azul arITI'I-
KoJroHlr€rJrnHoe, [porpeccuruo-cyQzfrcKoe, r{sJraMcKoe, BeJrrrKoe HallrroHiulbHoe E HapoAnoe ABtIx(eH}Ie B

' Tau xe. Cmp. 65-72.

49
 Ayxe colrporuBJleHl4t KoJIoHI'I3arop:lM lr3 Be,rruro6pnraHilE. Bcro cnon nocrofiuyo xr{3gb oH flocBsrl.ul
6opr6e c auuzftcrr.rMr{ 3axnarqlrKaMa,,, 1

Ecrr necron[r(o Apyrux uaru6anguficrnx yrreHbrx cySzer cqlrrarctrIllxcq o6qrlurr,r Anr nyrxryrroB 14
6any1xer, xI'IBytrIIix B TIpoBEHuLIJIx Kaugarap '5e4rgxuirin, o Koropbrx, Mbr orpaHvqnMcr nurrrb yno-
nx vMcH, rpoBrrHuIiI,I Eeny4xr.rcran Xarpar MusH A6gyr Xarnu Karap
xluxpll) Pyxyrno (1228-1314 xulxpn) z Xa:par Myxauua.q Asur{ Ca-
250-1310 BilKnYro poJlb n o6qecrneouo+toliru.recKofr, Qunoco(fcro-
AyxotsHo- 6ut12xer il nylrrrynoB. Cne4yer oco6o orMernrb, rrro BbrmeHa-
3BaHHbIe )FtoHble cyfluu raKxe rlpuHElnexiultr K Tapr{Kary Haxu6anluff u rtporuu
r,IHTepecHbre I{ 11o-
JAI'IreJIbIIbIe )s'I3HeHHbIe nyrlr B KaqecrBe KpyrrHbrx o6qecrueuHo-QzlocoecKux, AfroBHo-KynbrypHbrx
nEqgocrefi cBoero upeueuu.2
ll^r xparroro paccMorpeHvs HaMx oclroBrroro cocrosHux aSrancroro Cy$usva, xil3nr,r H resrerrb-
Hocrl{ ero KpyrrHbrx lpeAcraBrrraneft crarroBr.rrct rcgo, qro eTor Moryrrrafr o6rqecrneuno_cyeuficxufi
trpoqecc s XVI-XX BeKax B paarrr,Iqlrblx Qopuax a Brr/iax iloflBrlrrc . nr
-6ypuo
pa3Bilrcs. na aeraucrofi
3eMile' urparl aIKTHBIT}I0 ponb s o6qecrBeHHo-[onl,ITltqecxoft r{ KynhrypHo-gyxonuofi xn3grr aQraucroro
HapoAa, K xonqy XIX n Haqtuy XX nera r narnr6an4r,rfrcrux iyqurx A4ranlrcrana He roJrbKo yeAr{-
HeHHbIx B Merlertx-Merpece Ir xaHaKax orrIreJIbHLIKos lllarlxos, ryxoB1brx HacraBHI,IKoB, Ho Ir tast1eB,
ntrqepoB 14 llPeAcraBErenefr [ylrrryncKoro HapoAa B ero clpaBeAnraroli 6opr6e sa cro6o4y nporua 6pu-
TaHcKI4x KoJlolrlr3aropon. Kax cupaBeAJII,IBo yrBepxA:rJl ussectRrtft BocroKoBeA Z.M.Myuuror, onuparcr
Ha vl.ev Kpy[Horo 3HaroKa CyQu:ua E.E.Eepremca, Cy$usu rBJrrercr cJroxHbrM o6qecrrenno-
QulocoQcxuM TerIeHI'IeM. Oso IIMeer pa3rrrrrHbre $opuu, iol"p**"" v Harrpanrreuur. "Cyeu3M raK
IrIEp.o"K^I{
.MHorocropoHerr,
- Iluctu E.3.Eepre.rrbc, - qTo B Hefo MoxiHo BM oBo3pe-
Hne".' CyQrcu HeJrb3t cql,Irarb oAHI,IM rlenbHbrM yqeHrzeM. 9ro oceRr rlpaBrrn epreJlbc,
noroMy, qro B HeM Mbr Br{.qvM ocrpyro 60pr6y uporr4BorroJrox(Hbrx Apy[ Apyry
VIraK, B Aauuofr qacrrl nalrefi pa6omt Mbr AaJru KoporKyro unqopuailiro o paclpocrpauenuu n Ea-
AaxIIraHe' Ka6yle, flemarape v &urce s VIHlilTr s XV-XVU rexax-yveuff Haril6alilvt, rroflBtrBmeroct
s XIV BeKe B Maeepaunaxpe, a raKxe o xoI3HI{ I{ rerrenbHocrn BHAHbrx narnr6atrAnitcrcux yrregrrx
cyQnen crpilHhl aQran (ryunyu). Hrnepecno ro, qro KaK r4 B Apyrux crpaHil(, saxnr6asruftcrze IIIaft-
I_lI :rpaHt aQran (uymryu), BocrlurrlBaJrlrcb raKxe rror BJrr,rrHr,reM Apyrux raprrKaroB, rar Ka4upur,
Yr,aitcur' Cyxpanapps, I{wrnux.

XOAXA AXMAA flCCABI1

B srofi rJraBe MbI KoporKo ocraHoBr.rMct Ha x(r{3Hlr, TBoprrecrBe tr MHororpaHnofi, 6narorBopnTeJlb_

Hofi 4errenbHocrz KpylHoro MbrcJrrrre.rur u yrreHoro cyeuf Xo4xu AxuaAa flciayu, ocHosas[]erb s XII
BeKg B Marepannaxpe kI Xopacane rapllKar "flccaBulr" lr chrrpilBrrrero BiuKHyro ponb B o6nlectreuno-
IroJrurrrqecKofr r,r xynrr)lpHo-AJD(oBnoi xfisur errix crpar{. IIpu co3Aauuu lanHofi rJ]aBbr Mbr ocHoBbrBa_
JIrIcb Ha raKEX pyKolltrctx, fleqarHblx urcAaldvflx 14 Tp%ax, raK "HaQaxar-yl-5nrc" A6gypaxuaua ,(xauu,
"Hacauu yl-rrlyxa66ar" Astulnepa Hasou, "Pailraxar artla y*xarrr" Oaxpzg4lllra Atru i€-Caqn,'?*uz"
:YSugaeau r rypeqr<oft Jrllreparype" @yoaa Kaupunrosa4e, "CyQr.rsnr v cyellftcrar ^lrlreparypa"
E.9.6epre.trca, "['rcraM n CyQu:na" HrExencona, a raKxe uu u"rorbfrrx 6pourrcp^ax n crart flx bp.u-u
$rcranora, Taxupa Kaxxapa, 7l6paxuua Xar<rylora rr ApyMX.
XoAxa Axu44 flccanra po'llr'rcs B cepeArrHe V uexa xHDKpbr XI sexa eure IIIafixa
Vl6paxuua. ,[ara ero Kouqlrrrbl Bo MHoTHX pyKorrrrcHllx rrcroqnllKil( TorIH ro]I xruDKDn
(1167). Axua.q s'7 rer craHoBlrrct rpymoz crrpor rfi u ero BoclrrrbrBaer 6a6.s AxMatr

Qapxaua. Ka6yt. Ilepeeod us ypdy 6 nywmy urnKeHepa

eosuoH", 1977. [Ieutaoap. C^p S6-]02.

oq 1928. Cmp. 52.
u. Tan^nauzant acaprap. mon I yzCCp, usdamenocmeo

u pa6ome "HacauJttyn-tvtyxa66am"' osHaqaem "xpynuuft

Irlat*t, eeturcuii ceamou".
50
x.enilrcs Ha loqepu Ky6parur Myca Afrue. Myca IIIafix 6nu optlru us xaluSor orqa I46paxuu IIIaft-
xa. Or uroro 6paxa Ha cBer uorBr,rflr,rcb cuarrala 4ovr fanxapr,r lllaxuoa, a 3areM - cbllr Axraal. fenea-
roruqecKoe AepeBo AxuaAa flccaea KopHtrMn yxoALIT K noroMKaM sHaMeHI{Toro Myxar*nroraua XanaSlr.
flepnzvuoe o6paroranue AxMq[ roryrrur B ropoAe flccu. 3areu ro yKanaHl{rc IIeAa Apcaan6a6a upo-
AonxrrJr yqe6y r Syxape. B sro xe BpeMrr xrrJr B Eyxape nenuxuri y.Iennfi cy$ufi Xopacaua r Mase-
parrnaxpa IIIafrx IftyrD XauAlasu, roroplrfr 6tlr saHsr o6yueuueu cBoIIx MIIoroqI{cJIeHHbIX [epcoff3blrl-
Hbrx r,r rropKo.fl3brrtHbrx WeHuKon cy{rnficro-rpunocoQcK}rM lrayKanr. Axuau flccanu caM roBopur, qro B
Bo3pacre 23 rcr [omer r IOcyQy Xau4gauu u ylocrorrJrcr qecrr,r 6nrrr socnurarrHbM nM.
IIo npeganzm, .f,ccanz .qocrrrrrryB Bo3pacra 63 :rer (oorpacra upopora), Bbrpbr[ B 3eMre tMy, copoK
gnefr naxogr4rrcs. B yeAI,IHeIr[u Anf, locra rr Morrvrr\ 3areM BcIo ocraBlryroc-f, x(I{3Hb rlpoBen B MoJrrrrBax,
replu rurmenvs, Ir rpyAHocru noA selilefi. flo ognonry r43 rrpeAarruft npoxur 125 r.er, Wep B 562 rogy
xrrAxpr{ (1167).
Hexoropue siilragHbr€) cflerlururrcrhr, rroApil3weBar crpoKy "Yr ca6a6unlr oJrrMvru yqla KLIpAITM ep-
ra'' ("IlooroMy B mecrbAecsr rpu Boilrer B 3eMrro"), cqrrr:rror qro oH Wep B 63 rola. Torla ecn[, XoA-
xa Axu44 f,lcc'asn Wep B 63 roya, ro KaK Mor Hatrr{carb oH o ce6e upunegeHrrbre crroBa. loropm ,qaxe,
cro cBofi rpyg 'Xuxuar" oH Harr.rczlrr BoBpeMJr xn3ulr nog :eunefi. On 5rul cuoeo6pa.rnrnu fluQaropou
ys6eror.
IIIaftx AeBflHocro .ueBrrr,r MyrpeIIoB rropKo-r.rcJraMcKoro Mr{pa, BeJrl{ruit suru Xopacaua u Marepau-
naxpa-Xogxa Axua[ flcc'an,u 6rl,r nacraBHnKoM cne4/Iolqrrx 3naMeHurrrx nuquocrefi:
1. Mauclp Ara. Eror qe.rroBeK 6rur crruor\a Boclr,ITaBmero flccasfi Apc:rau6a6a Ir yMep r 594 rogy
xnAxpu (1192)
2. A6lyl Marur Ara.
3. Tanx Xalxa. Eror qenosex 6rur cbrrroM A6uyn Marura Ara u Wep B 596 roay xIrAxpLI (1194).
Erqe on cqrrraercr oTrloM BeJrHKoro AyxoBHoro r[Aepa Hace,rreHurr Taurreurcxofr o6racnr 3aurxt Ea6a.
4. Xaruu Ara. 9rouy qenoBeKy r uaruefr KHr.ne rrocBfllreHa orlerbHas rJraBa.
5. 3anrur Ara. Sror cssrofi rre.,rroBeK 6u yvenzrou Xarzura Ara u cqr{Taerc.f, xpynuoft penur[o3-
uofi, SunocoQcxo-cy(pnficroft I,I Mucr[rrecKofr .nu.ruocrr,ro, sHal,reuurofr He ro.rlbKo s Taureurcxoii
o6nacrr,r Ho r{ Bo BceM TropKo-r,rcJraJvrcKoM ur.rpe. Vsyu Xacan Ara, Cairm4 Ara, Cagp Ala cn[trcrcs
rrMeHHTbrMrt JAeHI,IKtMtr 3anrz Aru. 3aurg Ate s eroi ruure raKx(e [ocBtII]eHa orAeJrbutul ulaBa.
Kar rl:secruo, n MaBepaHHaxpe [ocJre XII nera, rro3lHee rapvKma "flccaBna", rro.sBurncb ABa
Kpy[Hbrx raprrKara: Harlr6au.qn-fl n Eercramus. Xorl tperzfi ueururr.rfi TaplrKar "klKonrlq" rrpoll3oluen
h3 "flccaBrrfi", ero cQepa BJrprg:ut4fl orpalluqr{racb reppr.ITopzefi Taumenrcrofr o6naqu rolo BpeMeHIr.
Hexoroprre Apyme MeJrKrre rapr{Karrr rrorBuBlurdecx ws "flccaBw{" TaK lrr}rpoKo I,I He paclpocrparrunl{cb
cperuI HapoAa.-
OcnosauHar Kpy[Hbr]!{ cyQueregou, yqeHHKoM Xa:para flccauil, Xoax6fi Eerraurraeu Ba,rz, tapu-
rar Eerranrrr.fl TaKiKe orAo.rruncr or rapr,rKara fccanus,. Sror rapurar s XII-XIII seKax pac[pocrpauf,n-
cfl. c*al.ura s Malofi Azttu, a 3aTeM no scefi Typquz u na EarraHcKoM rloJryocrpoBe. V6exAeHr.rs u
o6pr4rl gToro rapr,IKara cocro r Lr3 oJreMeHToB HcJraMa, xpr{crr,raEcrua H l:sbptecKvx penvfr4ft. tlnegrr
Tapr,rKara Eerraurr.rs KilK rr rrrurrrbr rroKnoHrllorca Xa:pary Ar'u n 72 tlllal,zncrl{M vMaMaM, oco6enHo
rrrecroMy lxaQapy ac-Cu;.y2ury, flocne roro KaK, n 1925 roAy B Typuru 6ruro noromqleHo co BceMu
cyQnfrcruulr rapr,rKaraMu, EeKranux [epeHecna crofi qenrp s An6aHtIIo. Oguaro oror rapllKar n cefi-
qac ilpogomKaer cBoro AerrerbHocrr r Typur,ru u Hpaxe.'
Kax u Apyrue raprrKarbr n CyQusnre, flccatut lrMeer cnoeo6parnble crporue npaBwla (4[a6rD. IIo-
cJreAoBarenr4 yrreHr.rt flccasus. AonxHrr 6ruru 6ecnpeKocJloBHo BbrrroJrntrh cneAlnouue [paBrlJra: 1) My-
pr.rA AonxeH rroqr,rrarb cBoero IIIafixa 6ornue Bcex u BbrpilKarb [oJrHyIo rloKopHocrb eW; 2) Mypua
AonxeH 6utr nacroirbKo npoEIrIIarelbHbIM z coo6pa:r,ITeJrbHbrM, rITo AonxeH troJlHocrblo, [oHI{Marb Bce
x(ecrbr u HaMeKrr cBoero lllaftxa; 3) Fny.rn rrpeAaIIHbrM cJroBaM rr ,ueJraM Lllarixa, ]trypuA Aolxen 6nrl
IIOJIHOCTbIO IIOC.TIYIIIHbIM II CMI{PEHHI'IM EUY; 4) MYPUA AONXEH PACTOPOTIHO I.I YCEPIHO BbIIIOJIIIflfl 3ATA-
nr{r cBoero HacraBuuKa, )AoBJrerBoptrr ero, u6o cornacne A,rnaxa r Illafrxe; 5) Mypua Aorxeu 6l'rrl
Bepeu cBoeMy cJroBy, BblrroJrHrrb o6eqaun-r v He ,qaBarb uoBoga noceJrlrrbct coMueHr,Irc B ryrue yv.wenfl;
6) Myx.u AoJrx(eH 6rrrr repen o6eqauzxr rr KpeuKo Aepx(arb csoe croso; 7) Mypul, Aonxeu Bcer4a

I^
iDyad Konnpnnrczade. Typrc ada1udmunda arK JuymacaaeyQnap. Cmp. 123.
" "Llctnu", cnpa6o4nuK. Taurcenm. Pedaxqun Eontwoil Sanqurcnoneduu, 1986- Cmp. 55.

57
6rrtr rorosblM rloxeprBoBarb BceM cBouM r{rvryuecrBoM, BceM rrro uMeer Bo r{Mr cBoero lllaftxa; 8) My-
plII AoDKeH 6trrr cneAyulr,rM o Bcex rafinax cBoero ITlafixa, r{ Ht4Korna He [yMarb o6 ux orniilueHrrr{; -
9) Mypvl AoJrxeH )^ILIrbIBarb Bce rIpeAJIoxeHI{r cBoero lllaftan, o6lerqarr er.o rpyArrocrtr, BbrrroJr-
Irtrb ero HacrilBreHl4s; 10) Myptq AoJIXeH 6rIrr rorosHM Bo nMfl AocrIIl<eHLrr A,r,raxa uoxeprBoBarb
cBoeMy IIJafixy cBoe I4MyIrIecrBo 14 cBorc xr;r3Hb, 6nrru ApyroM era Apy3b.rrM z BparoM
Kax suAHo, BbITne[p[BeAeH[IbIe rIpaBIIna coorBercrBynr rxr{poKo pacttpoflpaH"nttui"".o "pu.ur.i
cy{uficrunr
rIpaBI{JIaM o6 o6uefr troKopnocru, o6 oruourenlttx Mexry Mypr,rAoM l{ HacraBHr{KoM, o cnrnpe1n1r pr
BepHocrrl, etrIe orI,I [paBr.rna coorBercrByer flpzullufly roroprni rrracr4T) rrro Mypnl
AoJTIXeH 6rrru no_
KopHbrM r,r cMrrpeHHbrM cBoeMy HacraBHuKy, KaK Tpy[, rreroBeKy o6llmsaloqeMy ero.
Hs nzxeupuBeAeHrroro reHetlllorrlrrecKoro ,qepeBa Moxere y3Harb o clIJIcrrJIe Xogxu flccasu u ero
BeirI{KI{x fipeAcraBl{rer-sx. Ouo 3ar,rMcrBoBaHo n3 ytroMrlnyrofr KHr,rrfi (Dya4a Konprclrcs4ge.

XoAx<a Axmaa fl,ccanu

Xarlru Ara CyQu Myxaruuaa Carul Ara Mancyp oro, IIIafix Jly<lvran
AAHUINMAHA
I nappanla
A6AyJr Manur Ara
Xanu.u Ara Kycau urafix 3anrur Ara Tanxrxxa Xa,qxu EeKTaIu
Barz

Eaxay,4trzH Eanp Ara Cafiul Ara VeyH Xacau Ara

I
Hcwau,r, Ara
I

I,lcxar XoAxa

Manuyl IIIarix

Kauan

IIIafrx

IIIaftx lIIafix
A6aar

IIIafix

IIIarix Myxavr

lllafrx AxyHA
-'l Myrrrro
I
Xzpal Asz:aH
Kax nelzxarr AeflTenbHocrt X44xlt Axuq4a flccaBu, TaK vr ero MHorolpiurnoe rBoprlecrBo Bor yJKe
BoceMbctoaenari BonHyt HapoAbI rlopKo-Lrc,rlaMcKoro MLIpa, Bocrll{TbrBaer Ilx s lyxe vecrnocrur, 6liro-

t (Dyad Konponoeade- Typx

ada6uhmun.da urw.ilynlacaeeyQnap. Cmp. II0.
52
qecrt4g,, flpaBlrnBocrz, crrpaBeAJrtrBocrn, TpyAonro6ut, narpuorlr3Ma, Ira6ox(Hocrl4, BepHocrl{ Kopany,
xa[LrcaM rr mapnary, lr too6rye s Ayxe o6qeveloreqecKux qesnocreft. Tpyluo uaifiu B Mllpe rlopKo-
r3brquBrx HapoIIoB ceMbro, n roropofi He qr,rrarracb 6u rnnra "XLIKMar" ("Ilpeuygpocrl")
"Ee4utrrr,,qVsax roJlonyp,
Tororuvoxga 6adu 6op.
Eex,zun dtyp, MeH oprI,IK,
M"nAu, x)py ryrrMon 6op".
Pafi u 4[ crropflT,
B erou cflope ecrb cyrb
pafr roropnr: 'f rHrue,
146o y MeHt ecrb rypvu tI rynsMbl
gerosera He 3rrantrIero HrM3ycrb orr{ My;brKanbHbre, poBHbIe, rrpocrble Hapo,ulrble 6afirn, TpyAHo
HaBepHoe uaircu n Marepauuaxpe rr Xopacane,
Co6panue crr,rxoB flccanu Ha3brBaerc{ 'X[KMar". Koruqectso crllxoB .qocrtrraer rlerblpex rblc.f,rl I{
BMerrlaercr B rrerbrpe KHLrru- Her<oroprre cueqllalrlcrbr -flccasuoseAbr cquTzuor, uro 6olrmlrucrBo gTlrx
crzxoB Ha[rrcaHbr He caMr{M flccanu, a ero yqeHuKzurr, KaK Cynariuan Earupraan. Oltraxo, uo MHeHtrK)
sHaroKa socrosHoii Jrr,rreparypbr, AoKTopa QmocoQcxtlx HayK, uorofinoro lrbrne, Spraura Fycrauoea,
6onrnr*rucrBo orrrx crrrxoB HarrucaHbr caMHM flccaw,' 9ra upo6neMa Bce eute 6ypno o6c5a<laercr roc-
ToKoBenaMr,r H TropKonorauu. IIoroMy, rrro Bce eue Hl,rr[e se uafrAen op]IruHrul pyKortEcn 'X[KMar".
Perueuue eroft npo6lerr,ru 616er nafiAeHo Jrrrrrrb rorqa, Korla 6yqer uafr4eu opt4rrlHilfl sroro 6ec[eHHoro
TpWa H cotrocraBrreu c ee crapbrMr{ Korrn rMn. Teuepr, MbI HageeMcfl, B Hallrefr pecny6nzKe H .qpyrflx
crpauax Tlprecrana Haqlrercr 6oaee rury6oroe u cepbe3Hoe r{3)AeHr,Ie HacJreAtlt .flccasu u BbIrIreyKa3aII-
ua.r npo6reua uafiler cBoe pinperlreHlle.
flo cuegeuuru gpraura Pycrauora, B cBoe Bper4rl, tra Qac44e Megerrl Xo[xz Axu4Aa f,.ccasu Ha[rl-
caH rroyrrurenrnnfi n 6ecqennrrit xaruc Ilpopora Myxarrtrra4a, roropuft HIacrIT: "floucr snanuil o6sga-
TeJreH ,qrJI Ka:KIoro MycyJrbMaHr.rHa I.r MycynbManKlz".Z 9ro cnugerenbcrByer o roM, qro Axuq[ flccasu
6rn oluuu Ir3 caMbrx Kpyuubrx [pocBerrrrenefr, rletmKux MblcnlrreJrefi u yteurx cyQuen cBoero BPeMe-
un. I4 caMoe Ba)KHoe, Aoxa3brBaer 6esocnouarerbHocrb I,I nKeua)Arrocrb, Ao cl{x nop IIMeBIIIeTo Mecro,
MHeHrIr o roM, cto flccasu 6rur 'pearquouepovt" LL "orKa3HuKoM or Mt pcKux ga6of'.
,{paroqeuuue E3peqenrlr fLccasu MoxHo rrplrpaButrb K IIcrLIHHIIM, BcerIeJIoBeqecKI{M, HapoAHbIM
HpaBoyqeHr,r.au. Ilueuno [oeroMy ero u3peqeHns. Bo"r yr(e BoceMb cronetrlft BbrcoKo llentrcs u c nto6o-
BbIO qITTaIOTCt H:U[]rME AeAaMIr It OTII:U\,{U, B rrptMOM CMbrCJre Cn}r)Ka EeoIIeHItMOfr UrXOlOft MircTepCTBa
Ilrrr Harrrrrx rroeroB. Cyrpuficro-Snnoco$crue 3a,[aqr HapaBHe c Arraxovt, flpoporou, [IapuaroM I,I
Ipyrr4Mlr peJrlr[ro3ubIuu npo6neMaMr{ 3rullrMruor ocnoBHoe Mecro B r4gpu+.emwtx flccasu.
O rovr, sro flccariu, KaK u ero glxoruuft HacraBrrrrK IOcyQ XauaAagu, coBepmeuHo He rruTepeco-
sltrcfl dotarcrBoM tr xul ;lo6pouoJlblro r 6eAnocru Ir Hlrqere Mox(Ho y3uarb u3 HeKoropblx ero tr3perle-
uafi. flccatrr B cBorrx fi3peqeH[tx ocrpo KpllTuKycr .llolefr xaIHbIX, yBreqeuublx npuo6pereuueu 6orar-
CTBA I{ EIIACTI,I:
"'Eeuar 6vilaur,6y rysd 6apva xiuKIaH lrapo,
Hnonuarul MzlJrr{Hrra, 6up ryu x}lnon Kerapo.
Aro-auo, KaprrnAorx Kadu rerAu, Snrp 6un,
Tlpr o64rrax u!6zn or 6np KyII caHra erapo."
(B erou qerBepocrrrm[e roBoprtrcs o uesrr6neMocrr4 M]rpa, BpeMeuHocru 6orarcrr [I B,uKHocrrI qe-
.rroBeqecKrlx ornoureuzfr ).
Kar u BbnrrerrptlBelenHoe My4pos r.r3peqeHrre, nepy Axra44a f,Lccasw fipuHqrurexar r,rldoroMblcJleH-
uue, cy{uftcxo-{u,rocoScr<ne rr MrrcrnrecKr.re riueJru. B ynournyrofr xnure tDyaaa Konplolrccage upu-
BeAeH oIHa r{3 TaKr{x }flr.rBr{TeJrbHrrx cyQuficrcux ragerefi. B oroft conep}@Tenrnofi rasere MoxHo yBu-
lerr nry6oryo rpaKToBKy upo6:reuu Eora u ncerelruofr, qflIecrBoBauur Allaxa Bes4e E Bo BceM, ro
ecrr o.quofi r{3 flraBHbIX upo6reu CySusua:

I gpzaw Pycma-woe. Axnad -flccaeuiluuuz xuKnanxttapu xaquda rKypHca "ie6erc nlutru 6c, adadu2mu" Ngl, Tau't-
rcenm. 1972.
2 Ta,w xe.

53
 XauaKrarrlnr{ r4crapMarr ryH- KyH xaxoH nqtr:apLa,
'

Tlprelluga fifloH4rarr,r KaBHy MaKoH rrtrurHpla.

Tlpr4au errr.rra erAr.rM, rlKKnesll 6up-6up frlllrr,r,
I4xrr.uan lura or4ram qapzur xafinou uqr.rHla.
Yq rog oJrrMrrr[ cyB KeqArrM, Typr ro3 Ktrp4 r]pr ror omAlrM,
Baxlar urapo6uH nq.qr.rM, ryrrrAnM rpy 6!14llrrl,
IOs r{unr opurpulr Kfpauru 6apua x(aBJroH urrrvl1a.
Meu aclapAa ropyBAr{M, ncraxaHr.rMHu cypAr{M,
[apva afiryp "Ceug44yp!", KorrlrrM 4afipou uquHAa.
VsuMHu Aapqa Kffilrarr,r, .rlr.u,rM AeHrrr3 wrn:n1a,
Mucrlru I{yn Axrual xoHr{, XaM raB{apAr4p, XilM KoHu,
Eapua oHrrHr MaKoHIr, ylr JIoMaKoH larr4rya',.1
Ecrrrr o6parrrrb BH_rrMztuile Ha epa:u "6apua ariryp ..ceuAa/{yp" (nce ronopn ..s re6e,'), ..6apva
oHrIHr MaKoIIu" (rce o6llre:n ero), MhI H)tKAaeMcr, roBopt o cytrIecrBoBultrv tloBcrc[y Aruaxa f,Brsrc-
ilIeroct 'aynofi, I,I3WpyAoM I4 poccblllblo" ("xo*Lr, raBxapu ra ronz") Eeluoro Pa6a Axruaua, Bo3Mox-
HocrI'I y]IrAerb ero, (ro ecrr' alnaxa), cutsnve lruKe B HeM czMoM, tar Axltag flccasu BbIpDKaer cBoI4
cyQzfrcrue ugeu' 3_navlrr, H9 6es upuunurr .flccasu BbrcoKo oueHrrBar, BbrpiDKaer rnyfoxoe [orITeHI,re
BelrrrKoMy cyQnrc Mq"yp: Xarur4qxy, cKa3aB 'Ana-n-xar". (fl-Eor!) 4ocrzrurenry ypourr Antaxa. VIz
BbII[elplrBeAeHHbIX cyQnficr<nx 6afiros craHoBlltrcr rcHo, qro Xogxa .fxua.q flccasu 6rul eerl,rrnM MyI-
peuoM, <:ySuitcrcnr'r. MbIcJIIrreJIeM AocrtrruIflM crerreHr,r A,'naxa. Tarcoe cytpuficroe yqexne MoxHo rrpo-
c'[eArrb B rpyAax Bcex 3HiMeHI,IrbIX cyQuficxux uooroB Bocroxa. Haupuuep, B oAHoM py6av A6gypax-
y.?Ha ,[xarrlu, KpynHoro IIIalxa rapptKifia Harru6an4ur, rrMeuqero o.qHrr AyxoBHbre Kopgr.r c
"fccanaort") n4eu "Xaua ycr!" (Baxnarn Byx)tr) BbrpaxeHa cneAyrotrIrrM o6parou:
"[ap cyrparu o6y rul adn raftpu ry rncr?
flapna xulnaru xoHy Ar.rJr Hrr{ou rafrpu ry rncr?
fyrbrta re :lr r'ar?pu uau 6nnapAos \Lrrr.dr,
9ft xonu x(ax,oH Aap Ay )KaXoH raitpu ry Kzcr?"
(Craumufr sBHbrM n o6pase BoAbr t4 3eMtrr - KTo KpoMe re6s..!
Cuplrarnrurtct n rrry6*rHe lyrrru - Kro KpoMe re6s?
TrI cKa.:a,r, HLrKoro ue rrrycrafr KpoMe ueur!
lynra unpa cpeAri Mr,rpoB - KTo KpoMe re6l?)
Axrr,rq[ Accasu raK 3HaMeHrrr I{ tIoqI,ITaeM cpeAlr Harrrux HapoAoB, rrro AajKe nocne ero cueprra 6rr-
JrrI coqElreHbl HecKorI6Ko npu4ald.uit, cx?-zantuit o ero tryAorBopcrBs u BeJfi4Kt4x.{etHr{rx. 34ecr urr xo-
TI{M ynoliItHyTb ABa IIpqaHIIx, B KoTopbIX elo LIMJI cBt3blBaeTct c I4MeHeM It IetTeJIbHocTr,Io BeJILIKofo
IIonKoBol(IIa o6nlecrnenno-noJrl{TrrqecKoro AerreJrr, caxu6rupaua Aunpa Teuypa. 06 oguovr uyile flcca-
BI{ roBoparct cneAyloqee: "Haxoueq, Auup Teuyp c Xz:pol,r wtaitxuccavttaMoM per[[.rr orrrpaBtrrbcfl B
E_yxapY: flo gopore [ocerlrur Typrcecran, ga6rr uoruouurc . Morr{Jre npenogo6uoro .fccasfi. Ho.Irrc
IIIafix T;r,precraua X44xa AxuaA f,'ccasu ilpucHrrrrcfl Auupy Tuuypy. IIIaftx cKa3arr euy: "gfi Axfl{rrrr,
HeMe[JIeEIHo ornpannufrcx n Eyxapy. H6o, cMeprb raMorrrHero tuaxa B rBorrx pyKax. Te6e ouerra4uo
fipeAcrol,tr rrepex<r{Tb MHoro yArrBrrrenbHrrx co6nrzfr. B lefrcrBilreJrbHocrll, Bech rrapoA Eyxaprr xgel
re6x". Arrlzp Ter"ryp rrpocHyJlct u 6ecronequo no6raroaaprrn Allaxa. Vrpou rro3BaB upuuli'e"tLr Typre-
crana Hyraft6exa, llLpnxa3,ur [ocrpol{Tb pocKorrrHylo ycblrralbrruuy rra Monr,re LIIafixa flicasu n srl[e.uvn
AJI' oroto flPaBtrreJrP AocraloqHo AeHer. Taruu o6pazou, B rop^oAe Typrecrane 6una coopy:reHa poc-
KotrrHiul JicbIrIiuIbHIrIIa, Koropax rz cefrsac crol{T Ber lqecrBeHHo".'
Eqe ogno rpe/laHlle o6 Axuage fccasu kr3 ycr Auupa Telvrypa [oBecrByer cre4rrorr1ee!" flepeg na-
qzuloM rlcrxoAa Ira BJrqqerrl4fl Ocuancroro cyJlT:ura, [ocerlrJr MorrrJry Xa:para IIIafrxa
flccasu, TIoKjIoHI,IJI-
clfi gToMy cBtIIIeHHoMy Mecry. IIIaftx [popoqecrBys cKiuar MHe, KilK/Ibrfi pa"z npr,r rpyAgocrvr cqurrrB-
ureficr rrar TBon roJroBy qurafr oror py6au:

'"<!2ad Konprcnrosade. Typx ada1u4munda urxK "iltymacaeeytftnap. Cmp. I8L

" Ta'w xe. Cmp. 18.

54
 "fl;rlo KeqaHIr IIraMr'It ura6zcron orKolr,
Eup nax,:aga onaMHIr ryJII,IcroH erKoH.
Bac, uyruruJl IttIIrM Tytrry6Ayp, ocou grrrrJl,
9fr 6apuaun IuyIxKI{Jrr,IHI4 ocoH orKolr
(Ocrerunmufr reMnyro no'Ir
B oAlru Mrrr flpeBpararitnufi Mllp B rlrerynlzfi c4[
O6nersu cBolo rpynHocrb
O, o6nernturufi rpyluocrr,r rcex)
.fl nuyvun eru py6au Harr3ycrb. Ilepel 6oel,l c sofrcKord Pyua (TypUflu) ceMbAectr pa3 rIoBTopI{JI
oru py6au. Ilo6era 6nura sa MHofr."

flCCABI/ B CTI4XAX IIO9TOB

I{apr uanrero cJroBa Ir cBeroq Harrrero

Hapoga Xarparu Hasou orlenb BbIcoKo ueHtrJI, xlrBluero
rrpgMepHo rpucra ner Ao nero, Axlla[a flccasu, Ha3bIBaJI ero "Bernxuft IIIaftx MyApeIIoB Typrecraua".
Ileprue crrrxu o co3llarene cnoeo6paruofi neru<oft Jll{reparypnofi rurolnt B rrcpKot3brrluofi [oosHu,
Axrvra,qe fi,ccaBn, MbI BcrpeqaeM y ero coBpeMeHHrlKa, BepHoro I,I TaIIaHTJIIIBoTo yrIeHI'IKa, BeJItrKoro We-
uoro cyQraa rapuKara flccarllve, Kpyrrnoro roora rropKcKoro CyQusrnla Xarnua Ara (Cylafruana Barup-
rawn).
Vlznecr1o, uro Cynafrvrarr Earzpraufl (yM.s 1186 r. ) rar rpynuufi rpe.qcr?tBrlrenb raplrKarafl.cca-
Br4s tr ntrreparypHofi nro.rnr Axu4[a flccaBu, cAeniul Mrroroe .qnt pacrtpocrpamenlz,t I,I flpoflaraH,qm ugeir
.f,ccasu cpeAlr HapoAa. flocle cMeprrr cBoero Apyra, AyxoBHoro HacrzlBur{Ka, 3zlrlf,B 9ro Mecro, HacralBrlf,n
Hapog na nyrr l/icruunt, Bocrrr{TbrBnJr lrcgefi B [yxe qenoMyrplrt, anpaBeryfliBocrrl, MlIJIocepAItt, 4o6po-
coBecrrnBocrn, rpyAoJrro6u.r ra [arprrorrr3Ma. Xarzu Ara nponarulir;pys upaB]Ina raplrKara flccasug u
ero MopiurbHo-err4qecKrre HopMr,I, co3AaII MHo)KecrBo rpyAoB n srofi o6.nacru.
Cynaftrrlon Barupranu B TaKIrx cBoI,Ix KHnrax, KaK "EaKl4pron ruro6u", "Oxup 3aMoH Krrro6r4",
"'Bu6u Map.tu", cJre[yr cBoeMy AyxoBHoMy )^rlrrenlo Xa,{xe Axua,uy flccawr la'dnvcul MHo)KecrBo c'TlI-
xoB, BblpilKalout4x Lr1eu rapnKara "flccaBrar". Xaruu Ara sntcoro floqlrrafl nxl6uuoro HacraBHIlKa,
Ha:rbrBaer eto "HaI,IrytIIrI,IM t43 u5qpeqor", "yKpameuueM Ilrapnara, ocllorofr Tapl{Kara, no4o6nnu ucru-
se". EUe Xarrau ara BbrcoKo olleurrBaer fccaBfi, rax "Co6eceIHIIKa Xu:pa, Apyra rtpopoKa VlJrbtca,
3epKrura lelx ul.rpor".
"Cy61orr klzuv lzu Ayp, yrr MycraQo 6yopAu,
Eo6ona Apcnou reKX)AtI, nraftxr,ru Axtrlau flccasu-
Mycr aQou n H r Xfi p(ac[ u xuiryz, eAI,I JIyKI{ ac[H,
Tytat ras6a XaIIKacI,IH mafixr.rrr,r Axrural fccanuit,
Acnlr opyp xoHaAaH, 6ulrraac anu rlu HoAoH,
Eruryp auu XaK.fl:1on, uafixuvt Axual flccasnil
Ilcx,or 6o6o 6pzrur, TTIafix I46po>lLttvt I(yJrtrHI{,
Manrefrsptap yJIyrLI urafixzu AruaA flcasufr.
Illaplrarnu cfenaran, TapzKarHI,I rl3JraraH,
XaKu(arnu 6unayprox nrafixnu Arual fl.ccanufi,
Xu:p 6rura cy:{,6auur, klnEc 6upta ylSauur,
{ar, qorunnga XypMarn}Ix uafixr.ru AxM4q fccasufi.
Eo6o Moqun yl-Cyrrou, MypI{A 6yryn 6eryraou,
Xarula Xoxa Cyrafiuon, nrafixzlrl Axrvraa fccanurt. "'
B rsrare Xaruua Ara "Eoqlrpron ruro6u" ecrb ynl{Bl{Tenblruli crzx, floBscrByloruuit o roprveu
cnope MexAy a.uoM r{ paeu. 9ror crl,Ix ro cogep)Kaul{ro, Qopvre, puQue I{ Ayxy HarIoMI{Hasr I,IAeHTuq-
nrrfr crux Axvla.qa fccanil, ugrectgnrft cpeAlr uoqr{TareJrefr rropt<o.rsrIvHofi lrog3LII{. 9rIa Asa crl,Ixa tBHo

tCynailnou Eat(upFouu. "Eorgupeon rcumo6u". Crnuxu u dacmau. Pedamopw, anrnopbt npeducnoeua u Koti4eHma-
puee: Ll1paxu.m Xaxxyn, CauQuddun Paf'udDun. "Etyeuu". Tawxeum, 1991. Cmp. 15-16.
))
 /IeMoHcrpI{pyIoT tryxoBl{ylo Ir MopzubHylo 6n[3ocrb, eAuHoMbrcJ]He AByx rrpeAcraBrrrenefr TopKor3hrrrHofr
IIOO3H'I.
"Vurrlo4,ratyr fryuyp, ixylvar4a uarno 6op,
falyr afiryp uan 6ofivran, Marrla @lupranu, Xarrton 6op.
V.rN,rox afrryp, fri{ cau4a, xyrtfJra naftrau6apuanga,
Carua @upraru 6op 6!ac4 MaHAa IOcyrD Kanrou 6op,
Talyr ariryp, ruan 6ofrrrran, llapBr,r[urapra qorr,rpMau,
Eaxulnapra xox,Man, MaII.{a soJII4M, anou 6op.
Vquox afrnyp,liyK caula, xyrfla uafrlaurap MaH.rIa
Myxauuagu MycraSo, Yrraap, Alz, Vcuon 6op.
Talyr ariTyp, Taxrr{Mla, rypca )KyxyA, MyF MaHAa.
{ap sa,ruuuuHr epflrrr4 r!trcou rypn]ry va6n 6op.
Vqvrox afirap, casla fiI(, MaHra Kerrca layru ftfr,
Typnyr HebMarJrap oH1K, ro3 MrrHr {a3op anrou 6op.
Tanyr Mr{HrJraua KeJrAt4, 6uwupr.ym Paxuon 6op',.t
3narrrenurld crr,rx Axuaga flccanu, crarmufi npnrrnHon :aarrucauvr, BbllxeIlprrBeAeHlloro crrrxa u
BAoxHoBl,rBrrrufi Cylalrnaoua Eor<zpraHr{, 3B} u4r cneAyrotrIrcM o6pasou:
"Et44urtrr,.ufaax ronoruyp, ToJromMorqga 6a6n 6op.
[]:ax afrryp: "Men opryr{,, MaHAa @uprann, Xarvrou 6op".
Ettx,uun afrryp: "He 4epcan, c!:nu 6unrrlafr aitryprcau,
Cauga @uplzmn 6op 6!nca" MarrAa IOcyS Konrou 6op".
[]rax aftryp: Mau opryx, 6axr.u K]flrap rrlanga6op,
EaxunnapHr.rur 6jriuuga lrlyr sanxup-rnruan 6op".
Ezxuur afiryp: "Man opryq, nafrrau6apnap uarr4a6op,
Ilafrrau6aplap onArrAa KaBcap, x,ypy rrrrrMou 6op',.
[]:ax afiryp: "Mau opryrq, rapco, )Kylyl nran4a 6op,
)KXyg rapco oJrgrrAa rypnyK o:o6-c!aou 6op".
Ew4uttr aircyp:'Meu opry4, rr,riurnu KyJrJrap uanga 6op,
Mlurulaprur oJrlrua rypJryK He:rMar-zurBon 6op.
AFax afiryp:'Mau opry4, BoJrrrM r(yJurap uauga 6op,
3olyrrnapra 6epypra 3aK$a4 uaugou 6op".
Ez1unrr aftryp: 'Mau opry<, olrraM KyJUrap uauga 6op,
Onurvmapuu r<Inr:rula agir, xa;4.uc, I(grpton 6op".
[!aax aftryp: "Man opr5nq, riayuoQzqlap uanga 6op,
MyuoQzanap 6yfiwnga }rauu r4rrrKr.rrr-Krrrtron 6op".
Enluurr aircyp: "Man oprylq, 3oKr{p {)mJrap vran4a 6op,
3arupnapnu rlnuzga 3ilKpy Qnxpu Cy6x,on 6op".
AFax airryp: "Man opryr, 6euouycnap *ranga 6op,
Eeuouyclap 6jrinula znon dralan va6u 6op"-
Eu4znrr afiryp: 'Mau opry4, Ar{fiIop KypMor( uanga 6op,
[ufiaopuu r]pcarypra "paxuu" orJrrlrr Pa4uou 6op".
[!eax aHra reK ryp4n,6u4r.rurr y3pkrHr4 atrn4u,
(yn xoxra Axrra4q na 6mgu,6nnaupywu.fls4on 6up".t
flpovurar n co[ocraBuB Bbltrre [pl,IBeAerrHrre ABa crr4xa, Mor(Ho 3iMerr{Tb HacKoJrbKo Cy.rartr'rou
Earuprauu (Xaxnur Ara) r cBoeM TBopIIecrBs, yBalKzur, uoqrrrarr Axua,{a fccasn n etrre pa: y6excgaer1rr-
cs n 6rl4socrrr. u eIuHoMbIcJIIru yql,ITert rI JAeIrr{Ka, AByx Benr,rKzx cyQuficxprx }AreHbrx }aplrr<ara .flcca-
BIl'.
Cp"lz TnPKot3bFIHbIx IIooroB, rIocJIeAoBiIBruux :a Axuagorrl fccasn flocre Xarznaa Ara uoxno na-
3Barb .qectrKl{ uMeH., raKI,IX rar Pqqxu, Iouyc 3upe, 1y[anrpa6, XoAxa Axu44, IIIaue Y:an1n, Kyn

'^ "Eorlupeou xumo6u". Cmp I0-Il.

' Axuad flccaeu' Xuxuam,nap. aemop nped o6lu. u Ko-tlt-tteHmdpuee l46poxuu Xarcrcyn. Tawxeum, usd.
u.n. f.fynaua, 1990. Cmp ^Pedaxm.op,
230-231

5e
IIIapuQ, XyaaraA, HKauu, Ydafiau, (Daxupu, Batrrza, EexAyA[, IIIyxlAra, Kyn lllapaQr, laga, Kyl Ha-
crrurr, TyQaitrru, Kacuu zgp.
lltBectuo, rITo trOHyc Supe (1250-1320) c'lvraelrcs. oAHrrM Lrs ryper\Kux JAIeHrrKoB, ocrroBarerul rrot-
BuBrrreroc.f, n Ma,'lofi Asuu rapuxara, 6exra[r,rr Xorxu Eerraura Banu, roropufi B cBolo oqepelb 6bt[
xanzQou yqeHuKa flccasu lllarixa Jlynvrana flappannu.r
Iouyc gupe pogrurcs, s 1250 rotry B Typuuu, B KrrrrrrraKe Capuryfi 6rus ropoga Ecru uraxup. JIu-
Teparypuoe lracJreArre rrogra oqeHb 6oraro. [o uauux Aneft .qonrrl.r MHoxecrBo raterefi, HilrrucauHblx B
HapoAHoM crr,rne u o6uecrreHHo-grr.rqecra6 cyfluitcKo-,qz.qaKTr,rqecKalr Krrr{ra '?racanar- ur-Hycxwt".
Llsnecrno, qro s born[HrrcrBe cro0M, crHxII gunpe HaII[caHbI cytpufrcrou ayxe.
I0nyc 3upe, KaK lr Apyrue Kpylrrbre cySnf,icrue flogrbl, B KaqecrBe rrarTeLrcra oco3Haer ce6s n
elr.rHcrBe c npzpogoft t4 BceJIeHHofi. Ou cqr{Taer rrerroBeKa rpynuqeft, ucxoprofi, Eora u rITo Bo3BbII[at
Eora on Bo3Bbrflaer qeJroBeKa, rroroMy qro Mexny Eoxreft nro6osrro ra 9erosesecrofi ffo6os6lo IIe cy-
IrlecrByer otrpeAenerrH oit "xur aficrofr crenrr".
B crnxax K)uyca gupe vrnoroKparHo Bcrperrarorcr MoruBbr 6nfisxue r AxuaAy flccasu u Cytafi-
uany Eaxtrpraun:

"fr lngoil fytafr:mr prKrLvrwurz,

Ker, ,qlcrra 6epaftlur rlnrzn.
XolAonr 6! tafinur EKKTTMI{3,
Ker, nlcrra 6epaftlur rclnlnn".z
Vstu:
"lox, ecavran erurap ra6n,
fo1 urourau:an filmap xa6u,
fo4 ronravraH cerutap r<a6u,
Ken, xlp MaHLr r.rIIIK Hafrraln".'

Axrrl4A fccasu roBoprrr: "Typln-ryprr,r rr.rfrraumap, ToTJII,I-ToIJII{ eraurlap, Ty[poK apo druunlap"
(Oqenarmuecfl B pa3rlnqHbre oAexqqbr, eBrrrue BKycHbre rBcrBa, Jlexar uoA servl'Iefi), IOuyc Eupe ronopur:
"Tonma K,a6pucronra 6opAuu, rlpanrr,t xyr!{na-)Kaxou'drap" (Vrpou xoAr,IJI ga xla.q6nqe, Br'IAeJr Becb
Mr{p nex(arqufr rau) urz "IOnyc, ceH arap xa4u4rrfr oiluIq 6}ncaur, }runrnr,r 6ofrlur 6unas 6apwvta,
lzunu 6oftlzr na l5md dutralt 6waraulap 6yuaa rynpoK 6!m6 Eru6gwtap" (IOuyc, ecJII,I rbl Iacrunnrlfr
rurn6nennufi, He crecuflil ce6s.6orarcrsoM, yKpaurllBlllue ce6r GorarcrsoM rI BJIacrbIo JIer(a.T, craB 3eM-
nofr nnrnrrc),
Br,nrrenpnregeHHbre BbrcKa3brBaHru Iouyca Eulrpa BHoBb rlplr3brBalor uac o6parurbct K BeiILIKtIM
cy{uficxuvr MbrcJrtM Xogxra AxuaAa flccasu.
Eguncrreuuoft rleruro nceft xu:nu IOnyca Eupe, co3AaBrrrero yAr,rBrrrenbHbre srlrxu, BblpiDKilloluue
AorMbI TapuKara Accanux,6ruro gocrnKeHlre H.crwlant. flo ero MHeHnIo .qJrx Aocruxenuc Ulcrurbr rIeJIo-
BeK Aorxeu crpeMr,rrlcr K BHyrpeHHeMy coBepruencrBy. OH eepnr r 6e:rpanuuHocrb qeJroBeqecKtrx Bo3-
ruroxnocreft, B qlaoTBopcTBo r4 [peBocxolcTBo qeJroBeKa Ha[ ApyITIMrr co3AaHIItMII oToro UZpa. 3UaUUt,
AJu locrlzxeHlu Eora, qeJroBeK Aonx(en. Aocr[qb Bbrcor BnyrpenHero coBepllleHcrsa. Tarar 6naropogna.r
r44et Lr crpeMneHue Borr;rorrleHr,rs ee n xr{3llb, tBJlrerct ocuosofi QruocoQuz lOuyca 9upe.
Pa[yer ro, rrro sa nocJreAHr.re roAbr s Ha[efi crpirrre pesKo Bo3poc HHrepec K rloe3lrl{ IOnyca Eupe.
Elarogapr [epeBoAaM TurKr{x rroeroB, xar Xypruug ,[anpou, A:urvr Cyron, Taxup Kanxop HeKoropble
crtrxu Iouyca .Eupe cranu xopoflo 3HaKoMbI y:6ercxutrl KHuroJtlo6arl.
Huxe Mbr BKparrle [pr,rBoA]rM crrrxorBopeHue "ClpgzM capra qeK.ur,qau" Kpyrruoro [oora, raplrKara
flccasux Ionyca Eupe. B grorur, Ha[r{carrnoM B HapoAHoM crvrlre, lpocroM 14 Aoxo.uqvBoM crlnxorBope-
Hu[r, nogr r Qoprvre AHurIIora c o6r,rxxoseHHbrM qBerKoM, IIoBecTByer o cBorlx MbIcJItx, u qlrcrblx , tc-
Hbrx AorM€x Axuar{a flccasu:
Clpauu capl{ qeqaKrlrH,
I0szsr HeAaH capulup?

' (Dyad Konpronnsade. Typx qlabuEmunda urK vJmec.aseybnap. Cmp. 194

t Adxattdex Ataudercoe. )(ypnuxnu rcyilnazaru utoup. "Ew tenuuetr", 14.12.91
i Xypwud fiaepon. I(atgxyc. Tawrceum, 1987. Cmp. 79.
57
 YesaK afirap, ofr gapreru,
oxnrvr rourap oplrrr4p.
-fl na clp4urr,t seqaK.qI,IH,
Cnzta jnuu 6opvn2up2
9eqaK afirap, ofi gapteur,
Vrnuczg ep 6oprrau4np.
flua clpgnv qeqaKIHH,
I(uurr.rn HepAa 6frupcue?
9e'rar aitrnp, oli ,qapnem,
Kuuurs rynpor 6fnraprrav :.
.f, ua cfp4r,rrvr qeqaK,qlrH,
Vcr\4oxa rupapuucua?
9eqar aitrup, ori gapnem,
VcMox oAaM rlraxpr{Arrp.
ua cipalau qeqal(.qr.rn,
.f
fyr clsuu IIeHI,I3 6!nyp?
9eqax ainnp, ofr 4apneur
fyr-Myt auMa,q replrAnp...
.flua clpllrtvt qeqaKlrrH,
Panrnlr HepAI,Ip ottypcuz?
9e.rar afiryp, ofi ,4apnem,
Ofr ura Kyu nypuaup.
.f,ua clplurrl qeqaKlnH
Eyftuuur HeALtH otpugyp ?
9eqax arirnp, ofi gaprenr
Klumnu xaK(a ryrpuayp...
.flua clpaurrt rreqaIUHH,
Cen Kar6anu rlpguururu?
9e.rar ufiryp, ofr gapuen.
Kat6a Arurol ynUyp...
-fluaclpalru qeqaKAurr,
Klsrrur Heqyu dlurnnyp?
9eqax afiryp, ofr gapreur
Earpuu rpa-rorlJrr{Ayp...
I4nrt(rrzsr oJrAu MeHAaH Menrr,
Klrrzn ucrap $agar cetu,
Menu euypuan ryrry KyH,
Klurm rFaKar ceHu.'
IOnyc Dupe vepea o6pa: o6rxrroBeHrroro xoJrroro qBerKa rrotryJrrpHo BbrpiuKaer B KoHTeKcre yse-
Hu.l Axr{4qa flccauu, cyQufrcrco-ryurarrrrcrlrqecKlae AorMr,r o Eore, Yerosexe ra scereHuofi.
Bocregauue AxuaAa frccaeu u ero yqeHr,rr Mbr BcrpeqaeM TaKr(e B rroo3nr{ Apyrorc TropKor3bFrHoro
rroora MyxaMnaaga lllar?6anu (1451-1510). B reuenun uomrorl 6um cpaxennfi n cyr!ffirltllbl xusnn My-
xaMM4A llfait6ar,u co3Aan cytpuficryro KacbrAy "Baxp y:r-Xyro" (Mope Bora) r,r uolnlni c6opnzr crl{xo-
ruopenuft (auraui. Ero Kacbua B BvAe orleJrbHoro rapvKara, ceiuac xpaHr.rrcr B "EpuraucKou tvryeee".
B ounoft rracrrr srofi raculu lUaft6auz cJreAyIouIIrM o6paeou n3Jlaraer cnoro cyQufrcKyrc AorMy:
"floAraurorr,rrla lllaft6onuft Saxup,uau afipuuarzn,
@arzp rrroxrr rrKKlr oJriM uqpa 6filyp tro.{tuo.
Teurpu arap 6epau ceHra M)rrKu 9pouy Typon,
Eanilanur )KaBplrH Illafi6oura 6epuarul erIAIrH AaXo".2

I
t fasema "Xanry citsu" 14.12.91.
Tenyp Xoxa lllafr6ouuxou deeouu. "ft6exucmou adadudmu ea cannamu" 20.12.91.

58
 B srou rrerBepocruuruu lllaft6arrfl fipr{3brqaer ce6x,4axe 6y4yvl4 tra,ql{maxoM, Ha sa6rmrr o apa-
Kr,IpcrBe, IIe craBvrb ce6s su[re HapoAa u 6urr cKpoMHbIM.
B erofi, nanncausofi s 1508 rolly Kacbrle, rryBcrByerc.fl cLIJrbHoe rtroreHl,Ie lllafi6auu r cytpufrcxul,t
AorMirM. Cvuraamyocr BaiKHbrM ycrocM CyQuurla (oco6euuo B TapqKarax f,Lccasugl lt Harff6aHl[s)
[orMy o {arupcrre rrogT r.r ualnrrrax MyxaurrlaU Illaft6auu craBlrr BrIIIIe rraxcrBa rl MaAbrlectsa. Co-
l)racHo cyQnf,cxoii AorMe lllafi6tunr "IIIax Qarup 6lAer u4{r,rmaxoM B o6eux uupax".
ll:tecrHo, qro eror xr.tsmfifr r{ rBopr{Brrruft r rouqe XV - Haqiule XVI rera, ussestHHfi TxlPKot-
sruHrrft fiogr r,IMeJr KpoMg "Illari6agn" TaKXe rIceBAoHrlMbI, "L[Iax6axr", "llJait6aK", "[L[e6oHu",
"IIIax[6eK". Haupuuep, o4taln tr3 ero rrceBloHtrM "Illafi6erxan" Mbr BITAITM ;1axe r pa6ore qapyloqero
xyAoxuuKa r{ BeJrr{Koro Mnnzarxrpucra Bocrora Kauanugguna Bexs4ga. B npanorrl yrJry co3AaHnofi Eex-
3qAoM, Bo BpeMr upe6rrnauur u f'epare, MrrHrrarropbr ua xoropoft u:o6paxeu uoprper Illafr6ann, (n ro
BpeMr llIafidanu 6nn npanureneu fepara), nauucano "Cyrparu lllafr6erxan", v B rIeBoM yrrry [oAul{ca-
so "A-rr-a6A Fex:og".t
B xpalrxqeftcfl B My3ee "To[KaHr,r" (Typuru) Ar{BaHe Myxauuaga Illaft6asv ecrb uoeMa cocrotu'.lfl
us 191 Jr[croB. 06 srou AHBaIre ussecrutlri BocroKoBel-TropKolor norofruufr 3arlt BaluAu Torau
BrrepBbre s 20-x ronax flptrBen 6ecqenuble cBeAeurrr ony6nnroBanHbre B crarbe "CrI,Ixu Illafi6annxana''
u uzilauuoilt B x(ypH:ure '9tnrw Typrucron" ("Honufr Typrcecran").2
B srofi crarrbe, BMecre c rre,KoropblMrr crr{xzlMu lflaft6auu, lIpuBo,ql{Tct ra3eJrb, B Koropofr c lloq-
reHreM rr LtcKpeHrrrrM yBilKeHrdeM BocrreBaercs, netvaxuir. lllafix Typxecran4 cyQzficrnfr lryApeu Axu4A
.flccasr,I:

"Annudrap capBapu yJr Mo{u Typrncrou oMI{IIr,

pp tosl.Iun Hyplt ryrKon MoxI{ Typrucron eMI{m.
llll runtnranrrapra AepMarI 6oponuunr Ca6poucapz,
(unrr.ra yr\{pyrrr oIilAII 3oeb po4I,I TyprucroH gMIrIu.
Aitraitun aHrlHr cyfrununr nacSulun 6up uraulvraufi,
06ll eaMsaMKI{M, AercpJrap qo)r\u Typrucron oMI{I[.
Kfnrruyrra, KeJrrlDIz AexlpMeH, yl
Carrlapran4 opeyna6,
Bunua:rlrnrcerr ofi rlnrzn Al{,nrox,u T}prucron eMuIIr.
{ycu arcoQ}IHAa Ho3IzK aunpa6alap anga 6op,
Eun 6upururu norp ypapnap 4o4u Typrucrolr eMI{Ir.
Aftrafinu MeH, oft fiuwtmap, ym6y cupttlt, rI{HrJIaHrrr3'
Capnap lrypra nofrLrK ep x(o\rr Typrucron oMIrIu
[e4nnap: Kafiaa 6opypcuH, r]n CarrraprasAa nallrti,
Ey Illafr6onu op3ycr.{ Aaprox4 Typrucron oMrur".'
Xnsnrrifi n rBopt{Bruufr n XVIII BeKe B Tlpxecrane Apyrofr rlopKox3bFlawir cy$uficrufi uoer CyDu
Aruratip (pogn[cx s l72O r.), n neroropbrx cBorrx crrlxzDr, TaKXe BbrcoKo or3blBaerct o6 Axu4[e .flcca-
Bn, KaK o 'Apyre Eora".
Iloor CyQu A^rrlaxp pogrrlrcr 6lna CauapKaH4a s Ll33-1720 rogy. Ero orrla ssa,rlt An.naKy.rII Ir oH
11pqrl4ryrexarl r y:6ercKoMy turoMerru "MuHlEt". (Ecrr cnegeHl{fl o roM, qro oH poAl,utct LI Bblpoc B
Karraryprane). Ou ylrvrcs. cHarr:ua n Cauapxauge, a 3areM n Eyxape rI craHoBlrrct KpyrIHbIM cyfafi-
cKuM yqeHbrM r{ uooroM. Ero nepy rprrHa.Ure)Kar 6 cyQufrcKnx rpylos. Ero pa6ora "Ca6or yr-oxu:un"
oco6enno 3HaMeHIITa r TypxecraHe, stUe cpgAII HapoAa ona Ha3blBaerct "CySz Anrup".
B "Ca6or yn-oxt43r{H" CyQz ,A,'r:rarp o6 Axua[e fccasu trrlrrer cneAylotrIr4e crpoKI,I:

"... hnorcylr ,qe6 raxu 6lrp ueva 6earqul,

K,ruryplap Xoxa Axua,qAuu IvryI{I,I HaI(x.
XyAouuur yilcru 6!rca Xoxa Axu4q.
K,rarr,typura xeq MyHl4HrAer 6ulrraru 6as.

' OpuQ Vcnonoe. Kauotuddurt Ee4rod 6a yHuHe HaryttouuruK,v.arctma6u. Tau.rcerurn, 1977. Cmp. 80.
t- "flHru Typrcu,cmon". Hcman1yn, 1927, Nel. Crnp. 2l-25.
t Ta,u *e.
59
 Illapzarga eHArr yn oSro6e,
bonra6typ 6uta yn epArrrr ruro6e.
Vruar cynroH 6uru6nyp 6arrrr.r ouga,
rluqap N{yHAoK ibarup oxnp :aMonga".l
HraK, :r4ect CyQu Allaap oqenrrBaer Axuaila flccmu rar "l-epor uosruuilufrcfl pls Ha cBer",
"Csernna uapuata".
)Kznurzfi s XVIII BeKe B Typr<ecraue, ropAocrb Bcex rropKor3brrrubrx HapoAoB Mr,rpa, 3HaMenutrni
Iroer MblcJlktrenr Maxryuxyru (Dzparu (1733-1797), raxxe B cBorrx crrrxzlx HecKoJrbKo pa3 yrroMnHaer
uMs AxN{qAa fl;ccasu. Hanpuuep, r cy$nftcroM crr,rxorBopeur4r,r "MeHIlHr caxu6xauorrlMHr4 KypIIHH-
ruu?" (Buael nln Moro rpacaruqy?) pa3hlcKrrB.ur cBoro KpacaBuqy (A-rr:raxa), o6xogzr Bech Mrrp B nor{c-
Kax ee. B oAtrol,t Mecre ororo crl4xa o6palqarcr r Axvlqly flccasu Eit3blBzlr eto "BracrerltHoM ceMlt
KoIrrRHeHToB", BbIcoKo ero oIIeHEBaer v flpocrlT rroMotrIr4 B lrocrl,rxeHnu csoefi KpacaBr{IIbI, To ecrb
Eora:
'..f,xrra coJrap, Kerap 3yJrMar ryHyHIa,
Meuranr cox,u6xauolr,rrvruu rfpa5runrau?
Eaxop afrdruznga, XafiXor KyHyHAa
Meuuur cox,u6xauonurunz xfp4ynnrlu?
AHr<,o cuSar typu6, Xy, Ae6 KoJrraH Kyru,
Keqacu rrrprrKAyp, KyHAy3rr 6eryu.
Puyotll.t, a<a HAzurrr, orrrlr x,r{pKarryrvr,
Mesuur co>lu6xaruolzrrrnz xfp4ynrur.r?
I(on eru64yp Qalar 6atpuvr Snpoxga,
ArrvrlAau Ke3apMaH 6p, ge6 cfpor4a,
Kar6a arpoQllnga, III4g12, Llporga
Meuuur coxz6xauolrar"rnu xfpayururu?
Pylqa, (uuvo6ga, 9uuga-Mounnqa,
3auoftvr fpnyuga, Apruuunr HquH/{a.
IlKuurvr rerpacfirrAa, QunoK 6ypxvzuga.
MeHzur cox,z6xauonurnrur,r rfpgynnnru?
Oruu6nap ox,r{H.qa, r(yJr3ry AaBprrHAa"
(yr6 ar-ucnavg4 )fufr4yn 6o4panga,
Calpa ca\pocr,rHAa, klco ll;.a4puug4
Meuunr cox,u6xauonurvruu rfpgynnrar,r?
{a.apar Arz srraq oJrzttvrra.qabBrr.
$aQaau 4atpa rynrlu {,alparnuur voru,
E uKnzu zscu AxMa,u flccasufr,,
Mesr.rnr colr,r6xauonr,rMntrr xitpaynnuz?
Macran rlruunr Kopa rorHrrHr,qypHrrHla,
Aruunuur MynKr{HAa, llco }pnylrAa,
Epuzur opr{acllHla, r]rnuur (opHrlrrAa,
Meuuur coxubxauoJrnMHrr rlpuyHruz?
Maxgyuqylu rreKap Epuzur raMlrHrr,
Kesu6 rona 6uluac pwv zaullrnrr,
E orpr )Ka6pora:r, Xaruraur iMraur{,
Mennnr colu6xauolzrrauu rlp.ullHnnlu?2
Troprorerrvrrbre rroerbr Ao czx nop BocueBaror Axrvlaqa flccasu H ero )AeHrre. florouy, rrro Mbr Bce
(nootrr, yreHbre, r4HTeJulvreHqra-a), rce rrcpKo-f,3brrrHl're HapoAbI, tlat\Lrrr ll rLrIeMeHa - crparra [pocrupalo-

' Cyibu Anwap. Ca.6om yr-drffi3uH. Pedarcmop Pawud 3axud, nod pyrcaeodcmaoirr Hyuaua Tawrcaudu u Holwtta
H oprcynoaa. Tawxemm, " lonnau" .
t Maxdy.tuqnu @upoeuiiuuHe Mebpttdp ntlrmauu, Co1upamen: IIIox Myxaamad Ezaas. Ka6yn 1360 xutxpa.
Cmp. 54-55.
 Illirflct or AAIILIaTI{KII .qo Kutal, .f,nflteMcs rlcrr{HgbrMlr HacJreAHr{Kaura Axriaatra fccasu. 3.uecr neso-qruo
BcrIoMHHaIorc.[ cJIoBa rIpe3I,IAeHra Typeqrora pecuS;rnxn Cylefruaua [euupelr, Koropbre oH rrporr3nec B
1992 toyy 28 anpetw nepeA Aerly"rar:Ml{ Bepxonnoro Cosera peculdnuru Ye6exucrar: "Mbl nce o6.tra-
ilarelrur 6ecqenHoro Haclre1ns, a AyxoBHoro Mr.rpa raKrrx BeJruKr,rx yqenbrx, rar Xo4xa Axual flccanv,
Baxayglltu Hann6au;u, flxa,rarryl{uu Pyuu. Iloorouy rar 6rusru Hflnrl,t gyals r.r fl3brKrr".l
B ro rpeux, KorAa r Typuzu JrvreparypHo-KyJrbrypHoe, A)rr(oBHo-Mr.rcrfiqecKoe HacJreAae Accastr
BctrIecKI,I uy6oro lt3yrliulocb u 6parcrnfi rypeqrufi HapoA noJlb3oBalct sruu 6orarbrM, r,rMerolu]rM MH-
poBoe 3HarleHue HacIeAueM, Mr'I, K co)KafieHvlo, 3a flocJrellJue 75 ler 6ilnu JII{ureHbI Hac]xlenng, HaI[eIo
BeJII{Koro IIpelKa. Tenepr KorAa rorzlrlurapurrfr penil{M pyxHyn, u urr [o6rzlplcb He3aBlrcrrMocrlr I{ cBo-
6o4n, unr r{MeeM Bo3Mox(Hocrb lroJlb3oRarrcx 6ecqerurhrM r)xoBHbrM :nacrre1neM TaKrrx Harrrgx B9JIITKITX
cyQufrcxux yrleHhrx rI MbIcJILIreJIefr, raK fccanv, Ky6pa, Tepuesn, Eyxapu, Harclr6ang, a vx 6ecqeunlle
cyQuicro-rr,rl,IcTlrrlecKl,Ie, Hayr{Ho-JlllTepaTypHbre TpyAbr Haqzulr{ EqAasarris. B csoHx rroeTr,rqecKr,rx [po-
vSDeAeIJIdlrx I'I cTarb.ux Harlfr4
,rt4Teparopbr Dprzn Baxu4or, ftrarraan Kaua-1, A64yrua Apunon, Eapar
Baftxa6unon, Xa[zMa Xylofr6eparera, A,van Maruan, Asuu CyroH BocrreBaror lrMena cr-o,rnos saruefi
,[yxoBlrocrl{ rr KyJrbrypbl flccaBu, Harur 14 Jrr,rreparopoB, KaK ll6paxr,ru Xaxryn ll Taxup Kaxxap 6rulu
xopoilo BocflpnHflrbr HarrrI4M HapoAoM.

O XAK'4ME ATA V MUCTUIIECKOIZ AIOBBVI

Xaxult Ara - ogzu H3 caMblx Kp)mHr,IX fipeAclaBnre,nefr rapuxarta "flccanulr". Ou xe - Cynafiuan

Baruprauu, rurpoKo pacrpocrpzlrlf,r;lnuil u flpolaraHlr{porarruufr yrreHue XoAxn Axva.ua fccasu cpeAlr
rropKcKr.rx HapoAoB.
B uone<;myloqefr o x(Ir3HIt Lllafrxos rapr{KaroB flccalus, r,r Harnr6aulus KHr,rre "Pauraxar aftn yl-
xa€t", rperuft yrleHltK (xalllQ) Xogxlr Axuq[a 9'ccap;t4, Xaxr.lu Ara, oqeHzBaercfl rar cauufi seruruft
rr3 TnpKot3bIaIHbIX lllai.ixos. Arrop "Pauraxala" Oaxpu,ugnu Anz ac-Ca{rnfr s cnoefi KHrrre rrprrBoAr,tr
creAyrollrlte, craBllr[e IrrnpoKo pacupocrpaHsHHblMr{, MyApbre u3psrroHrl.tr Xaruua Ara: "{ap KI{Mrrrr
xlpcaHr Xugp 6utt, xap KeqaHIt KaJIp 6un" (Oruocrcr Ko BceM KaK K Xr,r:py, a Ko BceM HorraM - KaK K
Hovz upe4orlpeAo'Ienur), 'Xauua rtxmlr, 6u: 6uon, xaMMa 6ytloit, 6ug carraou" (Bce xoporrrrle, Mbr
[J'IoxIIe, Bce-fl[eHuua, Mbt - coiroMa).
PoAou ua Xopesua, Xaxru ara Irpu Xo4xe AxuaAe flccasn B coBeplrleHcrBe oB.]'ra.ueJr 3HarrurrMu
cKpbrrbrx HayK I{ HayK TBHIIX r{ cralJl KpyrIHbIM ) IerrbrM cyQuerrl. [ara ero poxAeHrlr rroKa Herr3BecrHa,
ytrlep oH r 582 (1158) roqy, Mou4J,'Ia ero HaxoAl{rc-fi B KrrrrrJraKe "Ar rypran" r Xopeeue. O Cylafruane,
orJrlIqaBIIIeMcfl c lercrBa cBorIM WoM r.r coo6pasurelbgocrblo, cyuecrByrcT HecKoJrbKo [oyrI[TeJIbHbIx
npl/.:ilanuit u paccKa3os. 9ru paccKa:|bl o Xaruvre Ara, Xo,qxe Axu4{e flccasu, ero 3aHrtr Are I ux
orHoIIreHI{tx, MbI npHBeAeM B ulaBe "Vzpeueuut, 3asrz Ara", a 3Aecb Mbr KoporKo paccKaxeM o caMoM
Xaruue Ara a AaAI4M 6onee no4po6uyxl zuQopnrauzo o [oo3]ru Xaruua Ara. Tarxe s sroft rJraBe Mbr
paccKruKeM o MblcJtfx Xar<uua Ara n ero yII{Te.[e fccat*r, orlroclireJrbHo rro6su.
Kar flosgcrByerct B HarII{caHHou Konpro.ruo3q[e cKa3aHIiIIt, B AercrBe, 6y1ryull yil{HbIM MaJr},qtrKoM ri
ylacb B MeApece, HlrKorra He Hocr4n Kopan B c) ,IKe, KaK rpytrre MarrbrrtrKlr, a ocropo)Go ra c .rrro6orrrc
HocIuI ero, .qepx(a B cBorIX MiulsHbKux pyKax I,I, fipoxoAt Mr.rMo Meqerz c uy6oKLIM rror{TerileM u c
yB:DKeHI4eM IUrarIgJIct. OAnax,qu oro yBr,rAeJr, cuyttguit y MeqerLI XoIxa Axuq4 f:ccasu. Xa:paru .f,cca-
BIr rIo3BaB r ce6e ororo yrleHoro MaJILqTIKa 14 oKilaB eMy cBom 6larocrc,ronHocrb, Haqalr )qr,rr6 ero Ko-
pauy. B 15 net oH craJl MyplIAoM Xolxl,r flccar;u; K HHM rrprirrrelr Xuzp, XoAxa nocJriu cBor{x yqeHu-
ror ua6parb ApoB, qro6u flprlroroBurb eIIy njrr Aopororo rr cBrroro rocrbr. Kor4a Aerrr Bo3BpailIiurucb
Hect ApoBa, HaqaJlct cvmnuii JrI{BeHb kr Bce .qpoBa HaMorcrrft. A c}rerrusrrfr u yrunnui Cylariuan 3aBep-
HyJr ApoBa r csofi xurar vI npl{Hec I{x coBeprlreHno c)D(rrMr,l. 3oxxs g'rn ApoBa, Cy.nafilrou rrprlroroBl'tn
AtIt .qoporofo rocrt Axuara flccasu nxycurrfi o6eg. Xuap crrpocrilr, oH paccKa3aJr Bce, vro 6rulo. Xu:p
y4t4ut4Brrrlrcb ero [peArlpfiuMqrrBosrrr, cKa3arr: "Molo4eq, cuu Mofr, na 6yAw rBoe r{MrI 'XaKuM" c ororo
upeueulr!" 3areu Xn:p n4oxHyrr B por Cynaftuoua rr cKil3iur: "Teuepr cbIHoK, He xoAr{ 6es gena, u:pe-
rcair us rlt4trIlr !rj4lpocrl,I". flocle ororo Cy,raftMaH rrplrnrn raur 'Xaruu" 14 Haqur rrucarb npelvrylpocrn.'

' fasema "Xa"ug cjsu". 29.04.92.

2 (Dyad
Konpnnosade. Typrc ada1udmunda uttK rvtynxacaeeyQnap. Cmp. 98.
6l
 C erux uop CynaftMan roBopr: "V MeHr ecrb orerl Xuzp Vstttc!" c pneHueM rrr{[rer MyApocrl{.
Tpyuu, "Knura Earu,rpraua", "Knura claHoro 4Hr", "KHura Maprru" [puHa,qJrex(ar rlepy Xanuua ara.
Xaruu Ara r cBoI'Ix KHI,Irax Hcnonb3yer raKue rrceB.qoHI.IMbI, KaK "XaKItM Cylafruan", 'Xaruu XoAxa
CylafrMaH", "Kyn CylafrMaH" I,I 'XaKltM Ara".
Cpegtl ero rpygoB "KHura EarupraHa", frHrflercfl, cauofr [oquraeuofi ta 3taMotrr{Toit 1.lirfl, TrcpKor-
3bIqHbIx HapoAoB, oco6enno AJrs ceBepHbrx rnpKon.
Vlspeueuws. (xurlrrarm) Xarlrua Ara uo Qopue H coAepxaHuro oqeHb rroxoxu Ha [3peqeHus. Xogxa
Axua.qa flccasu. Teuu pesroro u Ioptqero cuopa MexAy paeM v aloM, Bocxoxrenr,rr flpopora Myxar'l-
Ma,qa B ne6o, upulla o6 lllclr'ante u Il6paxnue, orrficzlHrrr KoHIIa cBera, crpiu(a \r 1yzraca nro,qefr rrepeA
KoHuoM cBera, HaKa3aHI'It rr crpalaHlts B a[y ruoAefi 6es6oxHgx rr HeqecrnBbrx, Bocflerue Xorxu Ax-
MAI0M flccasa tBnflIorct ocHoBHbIMIr ilAeaMI1r rp]EoB Xanuua Ara. I4rpeveH[.t qacro BcrpeqantrIrecs. B
pa6orax Xarnua Ara, taxue, KaK "Ha Koro yrra,qer regr alo6wr, Tor HeMI{HyeMo craHer Mlo6reHHbIM",
"flyrr alo6rz oqeHb roJror, HorIbK, crpatrreH", "Vrpou BcraB B oAlro BpgMJ{ c rIT}ruulMI{, rlaAo lrcttonntrb
aurp BceauflrHero", oqeHb Iloxox(u v co3B]^rHbI r.r3peqeHl,ItM Axvala flccasn. floorouy, nspevenur Xa-
ruua Ara HapaBHe c I,I3peqeH[tMIr ero yqr,rrert Axu44a flccanu, B TeqeHr.fir Bor yKe BoceMI{ cronerr,rft c
nro6onrrc rr BoJTHeHHeM qlrrarcTct floql,rrareJrtMn rropKotguqHofr rlog3ltlr.
"Knnra Saruprana" Xaxuua Ara s 1848, 1857, 1898 roaax u3gaBaJracb B TarapcraHe. B 1991 rogy
gra KHr,Ifa 6rua trsAaHa s TaureHte.t
Idzgarelu srofi xurm H6paxuu Xarxy:r u CariQnaarau PaQruglr4H B rrpeAucJroBrrr.r roBoprr MHoro
rIpaBlInbHbIX v xopo[rr4x cJroB o rapvKare fecaBilt, ero KpylHoM rrpeAcraBrrrene Xaruue Ara
(Cyrafiuan Barzprauu) u noo6ue o Cy$uaue.
He yluurarelbHo, ecJrl{ crl{xorBopenue Cynariuana Barupranu "Xzepy Vltrtg,c arau 6op" grlsercs,
oIHItM I,I3 [epBbIX ero il3perleHzfr, norovry qro, oror cr]IX HarroMlrHaer rrpsAaHlre o roM, rax Xaruur
Ara s AercrBe Bo BpeMt rpo3bl rIpI{Hec cyxrre ApoBa, upuroroBr.rJr lns Xuepa u flccan*t erycnuft o6eg,
[oryrrlifl 6narocnorenze Xzspa Lr crut HzublBarbcr "Xaruu". Crrax naqrauaerct c grrrr3oAa rrpeAaflvc:
"3cxn-ycqu 6lpxnrra, copr,rK-capcrK KypKflM 6op,
Illafixuu jryrra uyrra6, raHr{M coByKla repla6,
l4ruxluu rr,ryxa66ar uura6, Xuspy Hldc orarr,r 6op".'
B gtou crrrxorBopeuuu Cy.uafruau Earupranil c rlcKpeHHocrrrc u uy6oruu yBilKenueM, or3brBaer-
cr o Xu:pe KaK o "Wr;tusfin4u c ge6ec Mvrocrb", "B3pacrrrBIrII,IM 3eneHb Ha 3eMre", IaBIuIIM MoJroKo
MI.IrocepAI{t", "cyrTaHou rapr,ilcara", "He 3HaBItruM HIlKoro KpoMe l1lcrunlrl" I{ Ha3blBaer ero Orqotvl.
Dro crr.rxorBopeHl{e o ilo6su Xaruua Ara r A.nnaxy, gocrofruo BHvvraHnA. Ilepeg reM KaK rrpo-
aHallrr3rrpoBarb 9To crvxorBopeH[e, MbI KoporKo ocraHoBr4Mcr Ha rgMe llrc6nu, BoxecrseHnoft rro6su.
B naqane nauuofr rJraBbI MbI yxe yrloMzualru raKr.re rr3peveHr{Jl Xaruua Ara, raK "Ha roro ynaler
renl nrc6su, Tor HecoMHeHHo craHer anrc6lennrIM", "floBrrr;D{.a no6nu Uls Brlo6reHHoro oro o6uga n
Tpg", "flyrb rI06Bt4 oqeHb AoJror, Hogblo crpaIIIeH", "Bctas Ha paccBerg HapaBHe c ITI,IIIaMLI, ttcuonH.f,fi
rurp A.ulaxa". Kone.IHo, Bcd ero He 6e: upuvnurr. florouy, qro B CyQueue reua 6oxecrsenHofi tt
:eunofi rr;w6w,6ora lr 9srosera cql,ITaerct ocnornofi u rnasuofi r CyQurue. Teua Eora, Bceneunoft-
flprlpoAbl Ir rlerosera, a raKx(e rrx B3al{MootHotrrenufi, snTrserct crep}GeM )FreHI{.fl "Bil{garu n1x14" (r
eAI{HcrBe cyrqero). B ocnosaHHoM Ha Kopane, X4[zce r{ rrorBnBtrreMcr BHyrp[ r{cJraMcKoit pelnrlau
Wenlzr.i. Cy$z:lra roBopl{Tc-f,, o roM, qro Eor co3lzur BceJIeHHyro, KocMoc LI qeJroBeKa, oAHaKo Bce oH
co3Aarr Ans rreroBera, u6o orJruqHbrM or .qpyrl{L 3gecr npzueAenr
xapaKTepHble cJroBa rrpeAcraBrlTeJr;r yreHnfl "Bax,qarn BlDrqA" l46na Apa6l,r, o Eore la 9e.nosere, o He-
Bo3MoxHocrLI ux cyuecrBoBanurl npyr 6es Apyra: "B qenosere co6panrr o6paz w mo6onr rocnroca. B
poAe rIe!,'IoBerIecKoM 6oxecrseHniu cylllHocrb BceMH cBoTIMII I,IMeHaMI,I Ir KaqecrBaMI.I HarraJra cBoe Bblpa-
xeHue. 9eroser raKoe )4lrrBr{TeJrbHoe 3epKzuro, rITo AruKe Eor rr.r4ur B HeM cBoe orpaireuue. floerolry,
oH L cql{raerct BeHIIoM IIpHpoAbI. Kar BceM cBolrM cyruecrBoM uu (nrcgr'r) HyxgaeMcr B Eore, raK u
Eor npx.qaercr B Hac AJrt fipotBJleuus csoeft c;iluHocrv".'
Pactnupuymufr n XV BeKe yrleHr4e "BaXAaru ByAxyr", A64lpaxnaan ,{xauu, TaKXe flpulaBiur rrpo-
6leue rrc6su r CyQusvre qpe3BblrlafiHoe 3HaqeHVe. "Bcs BceJrerrHalt, KocMoc co3Aanbr n: JLo6rr,r, v Mrrp

'
2
ort xumo6u. Illeopnap ea docmou, "Eeyeuu", 1991.
3
mtop. M., 1996, Cmp. 273.
62
He3bI6JIeM 6narogapr rro6Bu" -, cKzraBtrIr4fr oro ,{xauu, B oAHoM 143 cBoI,Ix rpyloB, BbrcoKo oIIeHr.IBirs
reuy rrc6nu, flrrrrer cneAyrouee:
"Kopu rrrau llur4-y 6opu Irrau TIIIIK acr,
{ocranra p}suropz MaH HuIq acr".l
(Moe :arurlle r,r Bce qro ecrb oro - JLo6orr,
flnoA uoefi AerreJrr,Hocrrl - ero Jlo6onr).
Kpynuefruruti cyQnfrcrnfr rosr A$ranucraua XVII uera A64paxMarr (Paxvrau 6a6a), raKxe KaK rr
flxauu r.r3nar4n cBor.r MbrcJrrr o Eoxrefi nro6ru:
'jKa ftlr fiop ut x(ax,oH rBopr,r fiop Arri Aa,
klop l'sfi. Aa Ka As xaxoH crrHrap rufi la.
[o xa4ou .ry XyAofi rr:n I'lrur(a nafrAo rcpaii,
[r, xyruay MaxJryr(ory rurap Alfi la.
ElrE parul By.{e xadonra 6u Bop Hbrnra,
Enn nop rrbrrrra, 5u
nop HTrrrra, rop Atfr Aa.
[r laaxnyr cypar nr, epr xpa Paxvrou r]^pa,
Cro ul urrrK Ke Xace xBopy sop p'sir Id'.'

(Kro uqer so3rro6reHHyro (Fora), roMy Bos[rc6reuuas Becb oror MrIp,

On (r.e. Eor) 6orarcrBo sroro Mr4pa.
Sror uup Eor co:Aar uz l.to6su,
3Havlar, Eor - oreu Bcero xLIBoro B oroM Mllpe.

Het sosrr{oxHocrr.r Bropofi par pogzrbcr B e'roM Mlrpe,

Het ro:vtoxHocrl{, rler Bo3MoxHocrlr, gro - Bo3Moxnocrr!
3fr Paxuan, rroMecrrlr o6pas MeaxHyIIa B cgp,uqe cBoeM, I{ iloctvlorprl
Her, uet 6oree HecqacrHoro rirr{yqelo ero (6ora) rrc6osr.

Kar suguo, lpr{H'd,unex(asnHfi TapnKary rlzlrrns serurufi flyrnryr{cKr{ft noor-cyQvfi Paxuan 6a6a3,
KaK I{ ,{xavru, cr{JrbHo rlroreslrruft K ) rerrr{rc "BaxAaru ByAx}g" neo6paxaer Bora, rcereHHylo Ii 9eno-
BeKa eAIrHbrM ueJIbIM, Brr4lrrr rrx B cocroxnnu "BaMarIr ByAx(yA" u ronoput o ce6e, KaK o HecqacruoM,
ro6[sarcueMc.fl rlo6nIa Eora.
Hrar, n rBopqecrBe ncex cyQlrficKr,rx rrooros rro6osb Bora u 9eroBeKa, (ro ecm 6oxecrseHHas z
3eMHat nro6onr), cv^r4Taercfl. Baxnofr, urannofr Teuofr, ra 9e.[osex 6e: ycranu ulrler rryru llocrlil(eHl{t
Eora, cepre3Ho crpeMlrrcr K HeMy.
B rropvecrBe xerBrrrero HaMHoro panbme ,{xavrz u PaxuoRa 6a6a, nenwxoro rlopKo.fl3bFlrroro cy-
Quftcroro rrogra Xaxuua Ara, uu raKxe BcrpeqaeM relrrr o6 )AeHI,rlI "Baxflaru BlExyI" o eAr4HcrBe
Bora, rcerennoti-rocuoca, [prlpoAbI la rlanosera. Xaxlrvr Ara crpalaer, x(eilarl uocruxeHu-rl ffo6su Eo-
IA:
"Mauusr ulrKrrM coHrrnr r{rtrKr,rHr 6ruo4yp,
Taruu oxn3, Bzure xoHrrM flotyp.
Ey nuq rap 6llvraca trfaH nerrari opAr{M,
Karyr oXIlM MaHUM r,rrrrKr4M Kr.rJroAyp.
3u4u 4ony, 3w\pur XoJry, 3rr4pr4 doJr>
Man frzr.nap\{au, XaMa oJraM rqmoAyp.
Ourzr(Aau clpuaurz: aynii y yq6o,
Omz( Marru)K ysyfl Xap 4av fro4yp.
OmlrKsra ryluypSlp uur4,uuur frra,

' !xa*u. Ocopu twyumaxa1. ,[ywan6e. Tou 3. Cmp. 34; A.Kypdau'uanudoe. Ocntemurca A6dypax.t'taua ,[xa.,ttu.
flywande,
'3 Katudu Xtros. Ileuraeap, 1972. Cmp. 302-303.
Paxtron ailwu-ti,t nyLuntyHcKu"u troetno-Lr cyfiueu XVII eexa, npuuadnexat rc
mapuKamy "Iuu,tmua".
63
 Oruurylap uur4 lrura rray6ranogyp.
Mannnr caq 6awanrn 6y cyparzura.
Iopanaru 4ou 6!nu6, 6orpr,n*l cfno4yp.
Aitupgu uruK MaHr{ oJry xo[rrnMlrrH,
Klezu Eltu ox7t6, MeHr3rrM cflo4yp.
Kypuur, Ha {oJrra ryulu I(yn Cynafiuon,
Karryr [ruKr,rM MaHr.rHr paHXnM 6uno[yp".I
_
B crrxe "Apo.qa uur6 6flrrlaca" "Ecrr,r 6rt He rlo6oBb" uogr rloBecrByer o seltflroft u trroryvefi
Jlrc6nu. Jlto6osr orKphlBaer nnyrpenuufr B3op, B3op gyll,t rnoefr, roBopr{r rreBerl Jho6su Xaxuu Ara:
"Ey ays€auH KnM reqraft apoAa uru4 6fnuaca,
Vquox 6'arl]iu xtttrl o.Irafr apoAa III1K 6]1uaca.

Tar3o 6npla rr{pr{JrMac, sox,r,rA }eun qopunuac,

Kyrppy ufruon 6nnr.rruac apo.qa wrrK 6!lr'aaca.
Orzvlrap zro{rrJr 6lryp, rrMoM Kr.rpoar rurJryp,
MacxraAra xyA Kr4M Kenyp apoAa lrrxK 6jwtaca.
Cytpu caMboAaH rru(ap, o6rar rraacxurtru itur<ap,
Mun6apnu lrra er<ap apoAa r.rrx6 6jm'laca.
Mnur itl1tlt u6o4ar Kr,rJrcaHr, Taar r.rrrr4HAa (oJIcaHr,
Tac6e4r.rnr 3ynHop 6Inyp, cilKXoAaHl rvrypAop 6flyp,
Eapvacu ardp 6!nyp, apoAa nIlrr. 6fnrraaca.

I4ur6 ouap uv-r<jannu, Xaxrau aurna cfslrurun,

Terypuaccau iaraurrru, apola ramg 6jluaca".2
Cre[osarerbHo, KaK loBoplrr Xat<nu Ara, 6es 6o:uuoli r{ Be:rrrqecrseuHofi Jlrc6ru, qeiloBeK He
Bo3poAr.ITcs 6raroqecrzeM, Hetrb3q 6yger paaruvnrr 6oroxylbcrBo r{ doro6oraueunocrb, yveuue 6yayr
HeBexiMIr, uuavr 6yAer omu6atncl, geJIoBeK He cMoxer rI IIocJ-Ie rbrctqe.rleTHux MoJIItrTB gocfltur Eora.
[,ra locruxeHllt oToro, ,qoJIXHbI cylqecTBoBaTb o3aprrcq:u 4ymy rlenoBeKa, BceJreHHyro rI rocuoc- JIlo-
6onr, nsauuoAorro;lHrnqas Apyr apyra .lru6osb 6ora r,r genosera.
lonopr o rlog3ktl{ XaKuMa, BHeceM rcHocrb B errle oAHy Baxuyro oco6euuocrb rapnKara flccasuc. -
KilKyIIIuect acKerr{3M, 3arBopHl{rlecrBo 14 orluenbHrlrrecrBo. Ha cauovr rr AeJre Xarnu Ara uplremaer
IIeHLITb ra nro6um xI,I3Hb. OH nogveprH)'ro roBoprrr: "I-[eHu AilrrHylo re6e ogul pa3 )s,r3Hb, He trpo)s,rBn
ee Brlycryrc!" TaKas tor3lrenrtralr, MlrpcK,rtr ugex croricrBeHHnr rBoprrecrBy Xarnua Ara, lpoctrlarplrBaer-
ctr B TBoprlecrBe D Ap)trflx cy+zfrcxux rlogroB. Cyrrafiuan Earzpranu (Xaruna Ara) n ra3eJre "Ca4ap
BaKTI{ 6}lronqa" "B npegpaccBerHylo [opy' rrptr3brBaer .uo.Uefi rroMHr,rrb o Bore, 6rnr nepyoryuuu,
6e:ycra,rr,urrMl,I, aKTuBHrIMI,I, crIacrJrI{BbIMI{ :
"Ha xyru rorJrHF XaK elu, cil(ap BaKrrr 6frroug4
Eorgl,ru cyrryK XaBoMr{, cadap BaKrr{ 6}lrouga.
Ellca xlnrylga xarap, cora Kr,urrafi Xa4 uasap,
Tas6a t<;4rrrvr 6exa6ap, cil(ap BaKrr4 6firou4a.
Vtvrpunr !r42, ftlrr doclrJr, uera U,rlpcan roQzl,
Arap rvrapAcau 6fn {o3rrp, cadap BaKrr,r 6j'lnouga.
Ourur calap rfpapnap, roHr{ xoHnr,r (rurapnap,
Hur4 lrura Kyrpnap, caxap BaKrr{ 6}nronga,
Hfrruou rrJzMbr,rH 6HIHp carr, py{r4Hr cyBFa (oHAr4p cau,
Myrmyr 3opr.rH oJrFEJr cim, ca{ap BaKTrr 6inroHga,
Caxap BaKrnAr.rp coar, rJ{pFoHIa soar, r}iproHla liwafi podar,
Ovr,uryp Aanrrar-caoAar, caxap BaKrr.r 6frnouga.
IIIap aarvr ryrp 6y xourrM, rgdrrryqctr3 frlK.uapuoullrrl,
Xa4 3r,rKprAnp AapMoHr4M, cil{ap BaKrv 6}nroHga.

" Eo l(upFou xunto6u". c. I3

"EoKupFoH xumo6u" c.I6
64
 {ap rczu rHJIoca lrl'firop, ouI{K 6!uu6 lopap 3op,
ii4raH aftrurcp 6e4op, caxap BaKrI{ 6}lrouga.
Kyr CyllafiuoH coarlr, 3appaqa filK roarz,
3urpu xoHHr{Hr po{arrl, ca ap BaKTU 6}lroHga''.
B rnnreuplrBeleHnbrx crpoKax Xaruu ,{ra uplr:nBaer JIIoAefr Ha paccBsre 6onpcrnonarb, ytIoMIIHaf,
Eora, 6rnr aKTrrBHbrMIr, AerreJrbnbIMII, eHeprnqHbrtvrl.I I{ HerrpephrBHo rpgl,ITbct Ira xor3HeEEoM lryru kl
mBopr,rr: "JItoAu, He ocrasafrrecb B HeBeAelrlru, xH3HL .Ilaercfl oAHaxIbI, u erort roporrofi x(II3HI{ [potB-
rsfire crapaHrre u cMerocrb!",
Taxoe oneprurrHoe Ir cMeJroe HacrpoeHae, x(eraHr{e aKTr,rBrrocrl'I, Tpyln, 6neu.us,, crapaHrlt paSBeBa-
lor 6rrtosaBurfie Ao cr{x rrop crapbre, HerrpaBr,rnbHbre MHeHItt u :a6ryxrenvt o raplrKare flccanus. Muo-
rue 3auagnue u BocroqHbre 3Harorra CySusua ouru6oqgo yrBepx.[a,ru, qro yvrenrne flccanus.6yaro 6u
upo[araHAlrpyer 3arBopHl{qecrBo, acKerH3M, yuaAorlHuqecrBo Id yeAL{HeHIre. Heroroprre, K coxaIIeHIlIIo'
ro cux fiop Haxorrrcfl Ha raKrrx rro3nuurx. Haupnuep, xrasnufi r Cayrorcxofr Apanuu LrcropI,IK Cafiul
My6anmup Cyraftuan Kacanu n cnoeh HslaHsofi s 1989 ro.ry KHrIre "Hcropug, Cpe4Hefi A:r'ru" ocHo-
BbrBzlrch Ha MgeHrrgx 3ala4nrrx ) reublx, oco6euuo 3.ts.[yrana, yrBepxgaer, .rro Xo,qxa Axua,u flccasu
H ero yrreHr{Krr lrpeAirrrrr 3arBopHtrqecrBy H He cMourfl ns6aBllrtc-a or ye4lz.raew.r4s. Ir ornleJlbulrqecrBa'
Kacauu, s csoefr KHI{te, [orleMy-To Ha3blBaer rapl{Kar flccaBvs' BTopbIM TerIeHIteM rI, III{mer: "Bropoe
Teqenr{e cBr3aHo c r{MeHeM IIIaftxa Axnr4[a f,lccaskr I,r c I{MeHaMLI ero yrleHuxor Cy,rafiuoua Earupa n
Cafinga Ara. C4elartnufi zsaueHrrrbrM CyQu:vr Typrecrana Xogxa Axu44 flccasu B cBoeM yqeHvLI
aruTrrpyer K 3arBopnt4rrecrBy rr orulsJlbuxqecrBy, aror lletroKoputrfi rroprcxutit CyQrcM B KoHIIe KoHIIoB
coeAuHlrJrcfl c Harur6aulveir."r
B uaqale ynouruyrofr KHrrflr, oqeHr,rBaf, TaptrKar Harnr6arqfls (Kacalrur), [umer: ")Kurl B cB{3II
c HapoAoM, BMecre c HI{M, To ecrb 6rlm QusuvecKu c HapoAoM, Ho AyIIreBHo 6rnl c Bcenutrtuuu, orlo
cocraBJrrer ocHoBy WeHr.rr Harn:6auAru... gror rrpoqecc IIcuoJIIItn I{gcKoJIbKo QyurUuu B nl,ITeparyp-
rroM r.r o6nlecrreunoM rrporpecce roro BpeMeHn. JlugepoM ororo flepBoro rerleurr:I 6rn XoIxra A6lyxa-
:rnr filxnyraHrr, )l.reHux Xo.qxa locy$a Xauaganu, B KoHqe KoHIIoB, KorAa nrrAepoM cral XoAxa My-
xaMMa,U Eaxayggzn Harn6ang, Tapr{Kar Harm6anAr.rfl We mflpoKo pac[pocrpawwrcs lro I{cnaMcKoMy
Mtrpy'.
V uac Her HHKaKr4x Bo3piuKeHnfi to rroBo[y oqeHKE aBTopoM yrleHl{fl Tap}IKara flccaBns (XII rer),
roroprrft [orBnJrcr rra ABa croJrsfrl{ panbme Harnrdauguu. Bo BpeMeHI,I r]aflull.envs errrx AByx rapr{Ka-
ToB B Typrecraue, r{MeIoITIHX eAI{Hbre KopHLI, ecrb IByxBeKoBaf, pa3Hllua. "HaKItI6aHAv5" ttpllMspno
croJlerrlsM paHbllre ocHoBaHa Xo21xa A6gyxafluxou fu4gynanlrr) vl B ero qecrb Ha3BaHa 'Xo4x{araH".
3areM, n Ha.rare orlrx AByx rapuKaroB (flccanut n Haru6auAu-r), crour seruKuir Xaspar lllafrx locyd,
Xaua.uanu. Ileprrfi xa,rvQ lrlaftxa Illafrxos Xavaranlr n Byxape - XoAxa Augauu, nropoft xaluQ -
XoAxa A64ylla 6apparu, rperufi xail{Q - Xogxa Axuail flccasu. flocne roro, KaK flccasn BepHynct
Ha poAtrHy, s flccu (Typrecran), nocrpoul xanaKy, MeApece u co3IaJI TapltKar fccanufl,, r Eyxape 'rer-
neprrrft xanuQ IIIafixa IOcyQa XauaAanu Xolxa A6gyxa,rux filr4gyrauu 3aHt.[ Mecro cBoero Wvrens v
ocuoB{ur HanpaBrreHue Xo4xarou. flpzuepuo qepe3 cro Jrer (sa gnecur JIer flocJre rapuKara flccasut)
KaK oBonrouproHHoe rrpoAonxeHrre eroro rapltKara urtapl,z'Kuta XoAxaton, Bo BpeMeHa Eaxaylun4a Ha-
rnr6auna (1318-1389) n XIV BeKe, rro.f,BuJrcr rapuKar Harru6auArlf, u, r XVII BeKy pacilposr?anl{Jlct
rro BceMy l,Ic:raucrouy Mllpy.
Cne4yer orMerl{Tb, rITo rrenbgt coffIacr{Tbcf c yrBepxAeHHeM o roM, qro flccaBnx, nofrBklBllleg.c B
Tlpxerraue Ha ABa croirerr{.s parrbrrre Harur6aruutt vt, B uercoropofi crerleurl tRIUIIotrIatc.s rrpe,{lrlecr-
seHtluqefi Harur6aHnzv, sKo6H 6nua Qanarurluo [peAaHa garBopHurlecrBy, acKerr43My, orluerbHuqecrBy
r.r yeAl{HeHr,rxr. Bo BpeMeHa MoHro:rbcKoro HarrrecrBr4r, KorAa Ha roJIoBy lrapoAoB Typrecrana cuarlnlmcb
Tr)r(eJrbre 6eacrsut, yqeHrae f,lccasufl, BocrII{TbrBaIro nroAefi B rryxe raKlrx o6rleqe"irorececKlrx qennocrefr,
KaK M[IJrocepAne, qecrHocrb, [paBilrlbHocrb, 6oro6orsHelr]rocrb, cflpaBeAnl{Bocrb , Ilarplrortz3M I{ TpyAo-
rlo6ue, It lrMeno BeJrHKoe 3Harrerrfie B vcropl,Iil HapoAoB Xopacaua u MauepanHaxpa. Cauoe rraBHoe,
gro yrleHue oKiuirno HecpaBHVMoe nlfi4y.r.ne ua upuodrqelllre K pertuflrrrr rr Kynbrype EcJraMa rarapo -
6anrup r{ Apyrux rropKor3bFrrrbrx HapoIoB Ha rpaHl,rue Kura.f, ua 6eperax BolttI, Y Cn6upu u A,lrae.
A yueuue Haxur6anAufl rrorrBuJrocn g XIV BeKe, Korna s CpeAHefr Aguu uog pyKoBoAcrBou Caxu6rupa-
ua Aunpa Teuypa HaqaJrocb crpolrrerrcrBo IIeHTpaJrr,I3oBaHHoro KpyrlHoro rlopKcKoro rocylapcrBa, Ko-

' fprr* Ocud Tapuxu. Cuiicuu, dwuufr., uxmuuctilu, ada1uil. Cartud My1ttu.tutap Cytafiuon Kocouu. Tpu mona.
Caydoecrcaa Apasua. A6xo, 1989.

65
 rAa [oKoHqI,IB c MoHIoJIbcKLIM I,IroM, HapoAbI TypKecTaHa Hag;ufit yBepeHHo IIoAHIIMaTbcT Ha MHpoByIo
cIIeHy. I4uenno nogroMy, cynlecrBoBaBrrrr{e B Haxm6aHAur.r HacrpoeHus, o6nlecreenHofi aKTuBuocru,
Tpyna, 6opr6u ea cro6ogy I,I He3aBl,IcuMocrb creAyer paccMarpr{Barb KaK oro6paxeuue BilKHbrx r.rcroprr-
rlecKvx, o6nlecrneuno-rloJrrlTlrqecrrax co6r'rrufi upor,rcxoAr4Brlr[x B xLr3HIz HapoAOB Typr<ecrana roro
BpeMeHI{. flo naneuy MHeHI,IIo yv,envfl, flccasun u Harur6anlrlfl .rBrIrrorr1uect BcTBtMu taroft nerurofi
qvHapbl /lyxoBHocrlr, xax IIIai.ix Illafrxos Xarpar IOcyQ Xaua4anu, r XII u XIV nexax [orBr{BrIIncL B
Tlprecraue 6ypuo pil3BI,IBiIIIucb rr pinpacriurlrcb. floaguee 3arurJl, u ro cflx rrop, 3aH[Maer cso€ Mecro B
KyJI brlpuo-Ayxorn ofi )Kr4zrrr H apoAo B Hcn arucroro uup a.
CneAonalerbno yrBepxAeulre o loM, qro yqenr.rn flccas:rra cnofrcrseuubr lr cr4JrbHbr s H6M Hacrpoe-
HI{t yeALIHeHL[.S, OT[reIf,HlIqecTBa, 3aTBOpHUqeCTBa ,IBJrf,rOTcr ycrapenbrMrr, HenpaBu.rrbHbrMrr ]r n)KeHayr-
HbIMII.
3gecr xorurra o6paunr BHI,IMaHHe rlurare.ru Ha L{arreHbKoe crr.rxorBopeHl.Ie tlosra Cynafrrrlaua Fa-
KlrprzrHrr "IgnMoK KepaK Afc'rnapurvr!" (Boccraueu, 4py:nr!). flo uameruy MHeHrrrc oro crrrxorBopeHrre
6yayru KpacI{BbIM I,I BoJIHyIourIM rIpon3BeAeH[eM, rrpr.r3brBaer qvrarrerr craparbcr xrrrb aKTIIBHg, [r
IIoJIIIocTLIo oTpIrUaeT MbICJII{ o "pearrluoHt.l:Me", "3aTBoprrzqecrse"u 'brrUell,IruqscTBe" rapunara ,f,cca-
Bnx:
"Cy6fn co,t1rrK ToHr orAll, M)'Hrra 6rz6 ronr 6ur4u,
XaKnzsr Sapuonn ergu, rinuoK KepaK, ,Ufcrnaprarvr.
Cy6xn co.qrrK orKouAa, onga roQru 6r4onga,
Acrar Kunuac frrauqa, xlnvroq KepaK, Alcuaprau,
CFfu coAuK caoAar, orrrrrK K)mnapra podar,
flyonapra ffxo6ar, cf nl,roK KepaK, l]crnapurr,r.
Ynuu cyBrru utv'aill'rH, Kapo epHn (yrruaftnn,
Tarrar,rpnaprurnr coquariuu, qlnrraoq KepaK, [ic,raapnu.
TaHga xoHrrHr 6op oran, avrktHr caura 6p oran,
Myxva x,onr,rHr 6op oxan, rlnuo4 KepaK, Afcrnapuvr.
Xarqlru Xoxa Oanganop, oporrJrap nar{rr r\yBap,
Acur Kr.urrrlac Ma[-roBap, $mraoq, KepaK,,4]crnapr,ru".
locrofino ocodoro BHuMaHru crLrxorBopenue Cy,raftuana Earrapranr{ o cBoeM HacraBHrrKe Xogxe
Axu4[e fl.ccasn. B 16 6arirnoM [porr3BeAeyun "lllairxuu AxuaA flccaBv" ("Mofi tllaftx Axua4 .f,cca-
nz") Xarr,ru Ara pacrpu,r Be.rIIlKoe 3HaqeHlre, ucrr4uHylo cylqflocrb Xaspara flccasu. Ou cupanelnzro
Ha3blBaer flccat;u "xeuqyxugoir", "c yloptAorleHHrlM firap[aroM, cpocruHMcr c rapl,IKarou, locrofrntrna
vcrurrnt". B "Knzre Eaxupraua" Xarnnaa Ara fiN,reercs crrlx, Haqr{Hawllnilct cJIoBaMrr, "(,avon 6lwait
BrrcilrltrHl', xaMoJlHHrHtr xypcau uau" (Kor4a Bcrperrycb c ro6ofi, xoqy yBnAgrt rnofi nnr). B eroM crr,r-
xorBopeHI{I,I, Harr[caHHbIM c I,IcKpeHHVM qyBcrBoM u r:rforofi nepofi, u Qoplle o6parqeuzx r Eory,
ytloMl{Haerct I{Mlr 3HaMerrr{roro yrreHoro cyQua X nera, loru6nrero Ha rryru ,qocrr.rr(enafl Jllo6sfl A.ua-
xa, Xycariua Maucypa Xanrarxa u BbrcKa3brBaercr HcKpeHHee BocxrrtrIeHl,re oroMy qerloBeKy, xoroprrfi
cKrBaB '9 ecrr Eor!" 6eg rone6anr.rri rromer IIoA BtrceJrlruy ll 6rrn 3BepcKIt Ka3HeH HeBex(ecrBeHHbIMn rr
QanaruvurrMrr MyJrJr aMr{ :

"K,auon 6lwafi BHcaJrr{Hr, xaMoJrrrHrun r<}pcarra uan,

Maucyp rrrrJrr.rr 6!ly6oH, ,uapAa MaxJrnc \ypcaM MaH.
Haaap reKca yrr 3aMoH, o.ilryp qeqaK MItHr zrJrBolr,
Qapa4 KrrJryp MyHAa )KoH, xon/1rrn re.rz6 llcana uau.
)Kou4t'tu requar7 usJ 6urMaq naQcu itMMoparr{Ma,
Kypys AabBo cla orMac, 6nron rlnrzl 6epcau uaH.
[arro ruurrru conu friK, rrrrrq cn3lapnnnr xoHu i]K,
[apcnuapra Aaso ri]K" ra6n6u:lrrav c]pcau uan.
Ta6u6 caHcaH-AaBo KLrJr, {ox(arr.rMHr,r paBo KI4Jr,
(Daaruur 6uolr.a 6puft rqnn, ftlncua KaAalr MaH.
)pciltrl
I(ylCyrauuou cluragu, cprpr4r xaIrKAr,rH rtwra,qrd,
Cyparcz:nn nzxra4Lr, KepaK ArrftAop rfpcarr,r MaH".l

' "Eoryupeou rcumodu". Cmp.25

66
 B annenpuBeAenubrx crpoKax Cylafruaua Earrapranu, noor cyQufr crpeMlt'rct K AocrIIXeHuru Eo-
ra, Meqraer xar Mancyp 6eceAosarn c A.nnaxou, Aaxe [oI crpaxou 6urr [y6rI,IqHo rIoBeIIreHHbIM Ha
nqleHllt Ha Hero n3opa ,A,'LTil(a, pacIIBeraJI KaK Tblctqa qBerKoB, x(sJlaer p4[oBarb
BI,IceJII{qe, 1a ttocJle
cBoro lyrny, clelrlrr Aocrr,Irrb gTux cqacrrr{Bbrx MrrroBennfi. 9ntarelslvl 6oree llrll MeHes 3HaKoMbIM c
uossuefi Bocrora, H3BecrHo, qro ,ulIr Bcex BeJIEKr,rx rrooroB Mancyp Xarmqlx 6ltl no6uublM repoeM,
o6parqou u nocrrrxeHr{e ero ypoBHJr 6ruro g:ra HItx yll,rBr{Temsori ueqrofr.
Xa:par flccasu B HecKoJrbKrrx cBoux rr3peqeHr[rx yrroMrrHaer nur Mauclpa Xanauxa,
"Tusnvrafr ourrK'Xy'' lepnap, Xy4oftzra dn6opu6,
Iopyp oHr.r t4ru([rAa Kerra-KyHAR capropn6,
3op fiumarz6 ourr,rqnv rruK Hnrr.IAa Xygoiruw,
klllla filtwaa MaJroMar alrra rlpAu uyuocu6.
Mancyp 6zp ryu firmq4Lt, eporlJrap palu afiragu,
9ral lau urap6ar vsvp4v Maucypra Merprls colu6.
Malrcyp auryp "Ana-u-{aq!", opoHnap uuru 6ap{aK,
Myrlolap ariryp na4ar<,, xluuzra 6nron onra6.
Afrrraarul "ARa-r-{a6!" 1e6, "rotpup 6lnauur Maucyp", 4e6.
$pr,ou nupa 6y1up ge6, ln4apaurap rolu oru6,
Eunuagunap r\,r)trrJronap "Aua-r-XaK!o' Hr MatHocutt,
K,or ax4nra XiuI IITIMIIH {aK KypM4Az uynocu6
Punoxrnap 6vruryu, xilJruH anu 6ustuagn,
Mancypler aBJII'I6HI,r t(,Ifiaurap Aopra ocl46.
Beroua, 4e6 uyrnorap IIIafix Mancypuu flaupln,
Ko(pup, ge6 jnAzp,uuflap y.I xl3 M]rJIJro ranouu6.
Kyrzn rlrxa coByp.qu, snrz6 4apdra corrtr)
ganr<,.qapEcu, MaBxe ypArr, oKAI{ 4ap6 qafrnourn6.
Vurar KyHu yn gapd 4r.ngu a$ron, sosafiro:

"Omu4rapr4 Xyqod! I(ulnal AufiAopIanr rracu6l"

AQcoua Ayp rrapllar, Qap:ou4qyp XaKLI(ar,

Eyp,uonaayp rapl,IKar oIuIrKIIapra rvryuocu6
XanKu onav riurn4Au, "MaHcyp", AE6 Qap€a KuIAtr,

Maucypnu dpourapu r(oJrArr aHIa ftvrwaiffi6.

Tar6a KrrJrrr4Jr, Xoxa Aruuaa, 6i:wafi Xar<Auu LIHotr,

Ioeuuur Ba[r,IJrap !rgn, cnpuu cnpra ylourn6".t
Cnegyer o6parurl oco6oe BHr4Marr[e ua npunegdHHyro BbrcoKyrc oIIeHKy Axu4Aotr,t flccanu Maucypa
Xaruta.qxa, troroMy, rrro He roJIbKo B rlpoilnoM, Ho rr ceiqac HeKoropble cfleul4arucrrr s o6ractr4 Cy-
Qnsnaa cqlrran,T Xa,rnalxa
glol{croM, 3aHocqI,IBbIM, rlpereEAoBaBtrrlrM na 6oxectseHHocrb, HeBepHbIM:
rpe[rHrrKoM [r rroToMy Ka3HeHHbIM.-
flpuregeu oAurr orpbrBoK r{s H3perrenur (88) Xagparu flccayv, B KoropoM oH III,I[Ier o Maucype
Xannalxe:
"JIo-Jro" Aerr{Jr, oJrzM ceHI{ ro$up AecyH,
KoQup Ae6on Mancyp cuQar Aopra occ)m,
Eourrarrr 6eprn, 4rafrgopuutr {a6 r}pcarcyu,
Eonrun 6epran Xax anfigopnu rfpap epMzru.
flapnosaua ocr.r6 q]frunr, xyrlrrra KypcyH,
Mynlr nlpu6 xaJIKZ onar,r u6par oJrcyH,
Vnyr-rzvur frlr 6apryrvv Wy6 frcytr,
"Aua-r-{aK" Ae6 uznxon cyronn6 Kyrrap oMr4rrr.

' Axuad.flccaeu. Xuxuamnap. Cmp 228.

2
HacaQuil Xaspamu Eaxayddw Harcut1audurt. "Mepoc"-"Ilyp", Cmp. 67.

67
 Xo4a ruyruo IIIoI orqura trumal 6op,uu.
"KoQup Maucyp ituaga",4e6 apea KnJrAr,r,
Pacyl urapbr,r na 6yropca Krrnrrnr, AeAr{.
3ax,zp6umap IIIoxra rab3rM Kr4rrap epMuru.
'"Illapuarqyp" ge6 oluvrrrcp 6yrcpgnnap,
"Ko$up Maucyp llvrq4tv", ge6 ryr7Ayp4r.rrap,
Axrap xyttu6, Klorrrn xlrra coBypArrnap,
Tory ryuap "Ana-l-{aq!" 4e6 T}?ap opMrru.
IIIasKu 6upr'au ir ryfiaypu6, rlrxa quKrr{,
)Kanaar rspa" {ypy DmMoH KoHyK r(oKrrr,
fieronalap "E Mancyp!" - re6 Kyflp opwmr.
Kylr,ru fiutu1 4apd r,lvpa rarrrJrarrtr,
3uvu,tcrou4a 21apd roruu6 Haapa roprrpr,
IIIasap xan6r,r rorp16-elz6, orrr{ Korrr{,
Xosllru sypxF AoAy +apel Krilrap opMrrrx.
IIIafrx 3ysryryl Illaftx Maucypnu ru.rpr4 epArr,
IIoAuod rorpy6 Brrrroflrlra xa6ap 6epru,
"Eup aanu6 6opvryr<un" 4e6 :opu Kurrqta,
IIIarix 3ynnyn rruHx,oH ropy6 6opap opMrru.
Fapn6 Maucyp Kynoil{Mra 6up wlz gegu,
Xorlrcraplul pzp r<aS onn6 Menra 6ep[u,
[apd rourca 'E Maucyp!" - Ae6 coJnrHr AeAr{
HnIuoollo4 roru6r,rH gapd qafrrap epuuur".t
B erou 88-ou LI3peqeHLIE Xo4xa Axvra{ flccanuit BcrroMnHaeT pasAeJrr,rBrrrero ( ) uo3nHee Maucypa
-ry-
Xa,tlagxa, Benl{Koro crrua arep6aiuxancroro HapoAa, rraHTerrcra, KpyrrHoro yqeuorro cySw, rloera
MaHI{cra Vlt"ragyyguua Haclruu :

"Haczurafrger XaKuz airrwfit, reprrHr c]ftcyr,

Xoxa, Myrulo coMorr ruxu6 Kfucyn,
Kji:unr x)Mr!rr, 6y pyndgnt naScuH !uyr,
flurry nlcruu {a6 cfenarr.r6 oprr,rnur".2
B srnx crpoKax Xa.epar fLccanu He 3pr Ha3brBaer xoAxeft rr MyJr,'r "Bepxouslavu" (norepxnocr-
xrnrlu). Xo4xlt Ir Mynbl 6smu ue 3HaKoMbr c BHyrpeHHrrM, oqeHb 6orarum, my6onzu r,r ralrltcrBerrrrblM
MI{poM Mancypa Xol,rqgxa. floerouy 9Tr,r rroBepxHocrHbre, rreBexecrBeHHlle n Qanarzvul,rs xoAxr{,
MyJIJIII, peaKIII{oIIHbIe Kpyru xecroKllM o6pa:ou, HaHIo u 6esxarocrno, KilrHI{JIIr gToro BeJrI,IKoIo,
)AIe-
Hoto, ulo6JleHHoro t 6ota, cMeJroro ll xpa6poro qeJIoBeKa.
I{anecrHo, vro uz$uvecrui.i repofi, selrrlrufr yueurrft cy$nfi Xycafru Manclp Xa,r:ra4x )r(r{.rr Bo
nropofr rlorloBvHe III sera xilx(pu (X ner) r I4pare, Ero oreu 6ll,r crporuM rrpr.rBepx(enrleM crapbn
rrepcl4lcKrrx penurrro3Ho -ron{reccuoHllblx HopM.
Allrmep Hanoz n pa6ore "Hacarinur yn-nryxa66ar" .qaBafl cBeAeHr{r o Maucype Xanlq4xe r,r ero
yqurertx flullrer: "Xycaitu Maucyp Xamqlx It3 rperben) cocJroBr{rr. Panrnre 6nur Xauralxerra. Elr,r s
JIaBKe cBoero Apyra, rperlaJlbnllrKa )tu'rorrKa (xamalx). floclan ero oIHoMy 4eny. flogyvzur oH, qro r.r3-3a
Hero ero Apyr 3pfl rrpoBen oror AeHb. Vrasar cBoI,IM rrarrbrleM. Bara orAenr{Jlacb or xJrorrKoBofi xopo6ou-
xu. II9 oroMy IIoBoAy ero H&IB,uIII "Xara4qxeu"... klwer 6ecegy c Hypu u [xynafigou. A6y Aup yue-
Hur< Vcuaua Maxxu. Ou ognaxgbr rrocryrruucs B ABepb lgynaftga,,{xyuafia cflpocrrir: "Kro ru?" Orse-
rut; " Eor". flxyuafr4 cra.:at: "Tr'r se Eot, no Eota :saenn. Ileperura4rzny r<arofi BilceJruqbt 3aBfljKyr
BMecre c ro6oli".3
IIo4 pyrorolcrBoM TaKI{x yvureneft, rar flxynafig, Hyptt fl Manuu, Xaruagx, 6naro4apr cyenfi-
CKIIM y[piuKHeHI{ltM, ruyrpeHuefr u rneuruefr 6opr6e, a raK)I(e cflopy, IocTHr raKoro ypoBHr, qro ero

' Ax.nad flccaeufi. ,[eeouu Xuxuam. Pedawnop Pa . Omeemcmeeuuttrt

ped-axmop, ctomop npeducnoeua, Ko"tvrrteHmctpu.ee u epaecxo-
usdamett
2
r/e utt. f.fytnaa, 1992. Cmp.
Ta* xe.
t Anuwep Cmp.92.
68
cepAIIe IIeJrr{KoM n rroJrHocrblo 3ruilrn Eol u ,rro6osr K HeMy. floorovly oH criur IrcrIrHHbrM yqeHbrM n
BrIIo6neHHbIM, Koropblli Mor I,IHorAa "Auan-n-XaK!". B AercrBe oH 3aMeqaer, qro ero cecrpa KyIa-To
r,rHorna ucqs3aer nyHHf,rMI.I HorraMr{. Offrax.qu Hoqblo, B ca[y, oH BuAIrr KaK ero cecrpa 6ecelyer ra rc-
ToBIIT HeKTap c fleprrrMl,I. Yrpotr oH rrpocl,IT y cecrpbl HecKoJIbKo Kauerb roro lleKrapa. Cecrpa roro-
pur: "9ro coBepIIIeHHo HeBo3MoxHo, 9ro nac y6ber". 8963,*-ce raKH BbIrIpocI{B gror IreKTap' oH BbI-
[r{Baer HecKoJrbKo KarleJrb Ir ocraerc{ xI{B. Ilo3xg oH lrarlgnaer LIHorAa Kpurlarb "fl. ecrb EoI'!" ("AHa-
r-Xar!") H na.uarb B cla.lrbHoM sKcra.ge.'
Xycafin c AersrBa r{Men c[oco6uocrr rcHoBrIAeH]rr u qygorBopcma. loroprr, sro oH B xoJroAuble
3rrMHtrg AHII Aapr,rn nrcLflM cBexecopBaHubre, BKycHue Qpyrrm H AilKe Mor qlirarb qyrlre urrc,ru. On c
AercrBa xeras oBJrAAerb HayKaMr4, o6oruen recr Llpax u Xopacan, rporloBerouur 14. npuo6pen Muoro
snauufi, co6pan MHox(ecrBo clyurarenefi I{ cropoHHrlros. Ecrr cBepieHr4g. o roM, rITo oH uatucal 43
pa6orrr. KonesHo, TaKas zrKTuBHas r.r 6yprrax x(I.{3HeAeflTeJI6Hocrb MaHcypa XarulaAxa He MorJra He pa3-
ApilKarb BrracrHbre Kpynr s 6arAa,{e. Heroropue HeBexecrBeHHble u peaKIII,IoHHbIe xolxu I{ MyffIbI He-
HaBr,rAe,JIH ero r{ cTapanllcb HaBpeAr.rTb eMy. Apecr Xarna,{xa 5bIII s ueroropofr cTeIIeHII ItHTepeCHbIM,
Ho ero cMeprb ropecrnofr u rparurrrHoft. OAnaxlrr B ropoAe Cyce (klpar) ogua xeHIIII,IHa rloccoplrnacb c
9AHM apa6ou rr npl{runa c xalo6ofr K aKcaKaJIy. Mexny cJIoB oHa roBopnr, .rro Rexufr rlo uMeH[I
'Xa[144x", rlHorla npvxoAxr B ee .qoM co cBorrMrr cropoHHflKaMn Ir rrpoBo.uur rairnme co6pannx. Ar-
caKiur c noMorubrc cBor,rx rafrsux aleHToB Bbra'rexl{Baer I,I cilKaer Maucypa Xarualxa B FarAqAcKyIo
TropbMy. JIroAu ?rKcaKuula Bo BpeMlr Aorrpoca Ha36IBaIor Xarlagxa "BotoM", v laaxol:Tcg cBI{.UereJIu,
roBopttrIlrg: "oH Moxer BocKpeIIIarb MeprBeIIoB, MbI BTAeJII,I oro cBoI,IMII rJra3aMI{". Xaualx Bo BpeMJI
Aorrpoca oupoBepraer eru yrBepx[eHvr roBop.f,; "Ytacu Eor! .fl HtrKorla He trpllpaBHunul' ce6s' r Arma-
xy ulrrl. HarrreMy npopoKy MyxauruaUy". Ho r<asut\,l KperIKo )DGarIIJIrIcb 3a oIHy MbIcJrb, BblcKasarrHylo B
pa6orax Xallrlq[xa. B oAuou *rs cBor4x rpyAoB XauraAx IrucaJl: "He o6qsarenblro I{ATLr B Merxy ro
npevra Xo4xa, Mo)r(Ho [oMoqb oAHoMy rrecqacrHoMy I{ oro Aeftcrsue paBHo coBepIIreHI'Irc Xa[xa". Hcr-
ubl KperIKo yxBarl,IBrnucb 3a sro "eperrrrlecKoe" BLrcKa3bIBaHHe, TIoBeJII{ ero B cyA. B upoqecce cyla
rrpr{HnM{ur ylcicrure.uaxe caM Bn3r{pb EarAala. C1a npuronopr{Jl ero x cuepruofr K&IHI{.
VIzBecruo, rrro tIpelcKaitalil4r u rryAeca, coBepureHHbre Ao groro XalnaAxeu cruru trlupoKo lr3Becr-
HbIMr{ CpeArr HapoAa. I{Mep, BO BpeMJI rIaJIOMHilqerrBa OIr HaKopMEJr B
JroMHr4KoB BKycHo rrp nueuuofi 6apanuuofi. Ha rueqax rex, Koro oH K
H6re, BKycHhre .[erreluKu xne6a. B EarraAcrofi rroprue oH c IIoMoIIrbIo rlyAa
Hbrx r.r HeBrrHoBHbIx apecraHTos. Kol4a oHr,I ero c[parluBaJrlr: "flouelly rbl He ocro6o4urun ce6s?" on
ytrctlatcl orBerrar: "He 6e1a, ecJrr fl 3zuroqy, s Mory ocso6oAr,Irr ce6s. - AorpoHycb ue[Ir, oHa pacchmer-
cg; ecilu rlpucTaJrblro rtocMoTpxr To ABepu TIOpbMbI C IpOXOTOM OTKpOIOTCI".
KorAa apecroBaHHble cflpalrtuBurt! o efl) ceKpere, oH orBerlal: 'f nralerc yrllBlrrenblluult raliHauu,
IroBeAaIo sru rafrnrt JIITIITb roMy, KTo cMoxer coxpaHl,ITb IIX, oAHaKo, K coxtuIeHI,IK), TaKoro tleroBeKa t
EIqE HE IIAIIISJI'',
Ho uecolr{ueHHo ro, vro Xycafin Mancyp Xa,r:rq[x KaK BeJTIIKI{fi y.renufr cy$uit cBoero BpeMeHI,I,
xar 6eccrpanunrii qeJIoBeK He 6osnc , cMeprl, oH rIpItHuI cBoxl cMeprb KaK qecrb, 'gocrurrryrr A;ua-
xa, 6rrrr laocroeHHr,rM 6oxecrseuuofi :rro6Bu". flo3nnee, I4uqnAlzn Hacuun, Hauxmuuun Kfpa,
Illaxa6yllgln Cyxparapgu, Ea6apaxurrl Maurpa6 raxr<e Myx(ecrBeHrro KaK XauaAx rIpIrHqnI4 cBoK)
cueprr!
Maucyp Xalla{x BcerAa loBoprrn: "Hnor1a Eor upornn-aer ce6s s o6r[re qeJroBeKa, Ir ro-rlbKo ca-
MoMy qucroMy, qecrrroMy, rlpaBogrroMy rreroBeKy y.nrt6aerc.r oro cqacrbe. \a6yaer cnasa Anraxy, 3a ro,
qro oH rrgorga, Aapyt rraM cBoro Be.rrr,IKyro 6:rarolarb, rposBrtter ce6n s o6nure HeKoropblx :rnAefi!"
Eule on roBopr{n: nKro yuuoxaer cBor{ znanrtrt, coBepllreHcrBygrct BHytpeHHe u BnetrrHs, us6aBflletcx
or xr{Borrrhrx xelanufr, He ocranJlrer B cBoeM cepAIIe Mecro HI{KoMy rpolrae Eora, ToJrbKo oH, coBep-
IIreHHbIii, ytenrfi lr trrtrc6reHHrrfr qe.uorer, .f,BJrflercs HoclITeJIeM o6pata Allaxa!"
Tenepr crarroBlrrcr rcHo, rrro Manclp Xan;IaAx 6rn ogenn AoporlrM I{ CB{IIIeITHrIM .4Jrff Xaxuua
Ara s ero vqr{Terut Xoaxr dxuaAa fl.ccanu.

1
A.Kasarucrcuu. CyQuztt c ntoqKu speHun coope,uenuoil ttcuxon&mcrJtozuu. I,Isdauue Ca"naprcaudacoao odnacntHozo
cmamucmutrecKoeo KoJwumema. Canapxaud. TunoepaQua "Tpyd", 1905. Cmp. 133.
69
 3aHrn AraXull*syu
flpoucxoAvr oH I,I3 o6tacru IIIaur (Taumenr), cr.rJr 3naMeHr{rbrM He roJrbKo r MarepauHaxpg, Ho rI
r Xopacane, nelzKnfi MbIcJIzreJIb u cyQufrcxufr yreunfr TrcpKorrcJrilMcKoro Mrdpa 3anru Ara Xuuualu,
Koroporo raKxe Ha3BzlJrn Aftxogxa r,r6n Taux Xo[xa.
Oruou Talx Xolxa 6rn A:r.rrxogsxa u6n A6nyn Mairnr Ara, rotoprrft ueper cBoero yrrr4Ters
Maucypa Ata cssgaH c Axtrlagona flccanu. Tagx Xogxa 6y4lur,r B ycJryxeHr4lr y Xasparu flccanu, Herro-
cpeAcrBeHHo nepeHnM,ul y Hero cySuficxo-gyxoBHble znantrs. TaIx Xolxa cKoHrraJrc{ s 615 ro;1y xt4l-
xpu (1217). 3anru (Ara Aftxoar<a) c gercrua y"c'vrc , y TqAx( Xoprr'r. flocne KoHqr4Hbr orua oH yrrr,rrcfl
y BepHoro xaluQa n nro6uuoro yqeHlrKa AxuqEa flccanu, Xaxuua Ara (CynallMan EaKHpmHr4). j, nero
3anrz Ara yvrrcr 3HaHtgM> TafruaM, npaBrulaM flccasu It craHoBI,ITct cBeAyuurr,r r o6lair" ,ruy* o
uoM n rafinorrl. "*-
3aHna Ara noA p)'KoBolcrBou Xarlrua Ara cranoszrc, MoryrrkrM JAeHbrM s o6racru cyeufrcro_
Ml{crrlqeKilx nayr. Becr [eprroA co3HareJrbnoti xr.rsHu 3anrnArrr nporue.n B caMbre rpyArrbre rr yxacHbre
BpeMeHa ncrop*tu EapoAoB Manepaunaxpa.
B XIII BeKe, KorAa HapoAbI crpqAa.Il[ rIoA rneroM MoHrolon, 3auru Ara n ero xarneu, Berr4Krre
cyQmu, yrleHble MrIcJII,ITeJIII, [a]Ke B orn yx(acHble BpeMeHa n rpyAHbre BpeMeHa nocnurrrnirrla rrcAeft s
.qyxe qecrHocrl{, rlvcrorbl, rIpaBAI,IBocrI{, Mr{Jrocep4Lrfl, repol43Ma, cnpaBgllrrrrBocrt4, Tpnolrrc6ul., rlarplro-
rr{3Ma r,r Apymx BceqeroBerrecKr,rx Ilegnocreit, pyxonuo Lr MopalbHo rroAAepxHBil.JIII Hx v,
W&3r,rqutn
uyrz 6orocloBtls 14 6naro.Iecrus. 3aHru Ara crconqatcx s 656 ro[y xluxptr (1258). Ero uoru.na uaxo-
IHTcs' B KI{IrrJIaKe rrocturlM eto ktMq, Mexly TanKeHrou u flnrurcnervr. Dro y6exzqe cqltrrae' :rctr cBfl-
trIeHHbIM He roJrbKo ,4lrt rerrIKeHTrIeB Ho u Nrs Hapo.qoB scero MasepaHHaxpa n Xopacana. 3anrra Ara
Xuuvaru 6rl,t caurrvr [epB_bIM xauzQol*r Xaxurvra A a. IIo npoucxoxaeuuto on 6rul is apa6cr<oro poga
'Apc.nau6a6" u fiogloMy 6rrn reunoKoxllrM (:anrn - 4ocroruo o3narlaer 'lepuot<oxnfr";, aumriuru,
crarHblM rIeJIoBeKoM. 3anru Ara yvuncr y Xar<zua Ara, naprny c cyQuficrururu uayr<arur{ oRlIqAeB flBHbr-
uu z tafiurrMl,I 3HaHutMt4, crauoBltrc{ AepBrrI[eM y Hero rr Bo3BparrlBrrrzcn n o6lai15 IIIanra, flaqr.rHaer
paclpocrpauxfi cyQuiicKue 3HaHIrt I{ Bocur.rrbrBaer MHoxecrro cyQuficKr.rx yqeHbrx. Caru 3auru Ara
xilrBer rar 6enurrft AepBlm, rlacr KopoB H oBeII.
O4ra.x<ArI )BHaB o KorrIIIrHe cBoero nro6r,rnroro 1riltrerrfl Xaruua Ara s Xope:tr4e , HeMeIJreHHo or-
flpaBJrterct ryJ4: r43 Tarrreuta. B Xopesue pruas KrraHrercr Morr,rJre ysfiTens. II qrrraer MoJrtrTBy. flocle
3aBeplreHilt cpoKa ulda os rrorueJl B AoM Xaxuua Ara, n no 3aBeIIIaHrro cBoero yqwrers, [ocbrJraer
cBaroB K BAoBe Xaruua Ara, An6ap Aua. Kar roBopr.rrcs s '?amaxare", cHaga,Ta An6ap Aua ne co-
rJlalflaerct. 3areu 3atrru Ara cau npv/l r An6ap AHa, Hanouvlayr eft upe4cra:artug, Xarcul,ra Ara
('Iloaoxll't etrIe, qepe3 lleKoropoe BpeMJr craHerrrb co6eceguuqefi erqe 6onee 6eso6pa:no1o qepHoro
qeJroBeKa 9eM l"), flocne ororo Au6ap Aua orAan
.[o;rxrroe 3aHrrz Ara, couatrraerc.s nrrftru sa Hero
3aM)ry(.
Kax unI )DKe orMeqaJIH, cytrrecrByer MuoxecrBo no.qo6urrx upe4anuft orHoctlquxcr K TapllKary Ac-
caBrlj.. Haupzuep, tlo [peAaHIrIo I43 KIrr,Inr "XaruM Ara ruro6z", ecrv. Xaruu Ara 6rur rer,rnoxoxrau,
IreKPacI{BbIM lIe.IIoBeKoM, ro Au6ap Asa - govr Eypxana 6lrlla rpacunofi xeuqunoft". O.quaxnrr, Au6ap
Ana :rexa ua toQrre yBrIAeB yN{brBarotrrerocfl MyrKa, Aryaer: "Ilpuvuuy 3aMyxecrBa, raroft rpalrnofr
.qoqepv Bypxana, KaK q, 3a STHM HeKpacI,IBbIM, rlepHoKoxzM rleroBeKoM, r reflepb HaqI{HaIo [oH[Marb".
Ery urrclr Xarzu Ara ueIr,re4leHHo rroq)tscrBoBarl. Tor4a oH cKa3air csoefi xeHe: "floAox,[r.r etrIe, cKo-
Po craHellrb co6ece4Hzqefr eqe 6onee 6e:o6paruoro, qepHoro rreJloBeKa qeM r". Ilporulo HeKoropoe
BpeMt. Xaxnu Ara rrxro :a6oleB, [orryBcrBoBiltl cBolo cKopyrc KoHqIlHy r,I rro3BaB cBol{x crmosefi s
Xope:ue, 3aBeIIIa[ cnelylotrIee: "9epee copoK 4uefr noc;re naoefi cvrepril co cropouu npuftgyr 40 IIIafr-
xon, Olnoro lrs Hllx, cJlefloro Ha oA*tH ulir:, xpoMoro, HeKpacunoro, 6eeo6pa?Horo qepHoro qerroBeKa
x(eHI4Te sa ranrefr MarepI,I". ,fleficuurerbHo, qepe3 4O lrreil. uocJre cMeprI,I Xarulua Ara, c 3alra.qa [pn-
mlu 4o rrrafrxos. ouu or rceft 4ymu qtrr:l{ MorrrrrBbr, rroMl{I{aror Xarclrua Ara. Oguaro cpeAr,r Hr{x He
6rno roro qenoBeKa. 9r:or IIIafrx fipurrreJr qyrb rro3xe. 9ru lllafixorra 6rur 3annr Ara. iHsoBbr Bbr-
tIoJrHltB 3aBelrlilHue orlla xeHtr 3aurra Ara ua Au6ap AHa. 3areM 3anrn Ara c An6ap Ana orupanz-
Jrlrcb B IIIalr.
3agtz Ara nepuyrrlll{cb, zantrMaercfl, cBorlM ruo6nuuu AeJIoM, [acryllrecrBoM, rlpoAonxa;r xlrrb
n 6e4nocru u Qaxzpcrre, Au6ap Aua or Hero poArrna rrecKoJrbKo cuuosefr u 4ovepefi. Bocnurrnael
EIUE MHOTO VqEHtrKOB.

70
 Kax uonecruyerc-s B HeKoropbrx pyKorr[crrbrx In fleqarHbrx rpylax, BbIIIreAIIrux Hs o6racrn IlIatrI
KpyrrHoro IIIaftxa 3anm Ara, uectuoe HaceJreHue c 6omlruM yBzuKeHIreM u uoqLrrauveM eIIIe Ha3brBarcT
ero 3asru 6a6a. Y nero 6nno qerblpe Br,rAHbrx yqeurzKa, ero Vsyn Xacan Ara, Cafir.u Ara, C44p Ara u
EaUp Ara. 9ru uerupe yrreHI,IKa cHarrala )ryr,Ilrl{c6 n Eyxape, rr B rro[cKax coBepIIIeHHoro yqI,ITeJr{ upu-
IIIJII{ B IIIam n cranz co6ece[rrrrKaMrr 3auru Ara. Kax [,Iilercr s '?arrraxare", {vrblpe ygeHIIKa HM v3
Eyxaprr, B{:r'perrJru B nycrbrHe 6rus lllama lacytrIero KopoB rrepHoKoxero 3annr Ara. Onu BHAtr, KaK
rrocre MoJrtrTBbr 3anru Ara lrcno.rrrfler "3LtKpu gxaxp" (rpovmraft srarp). Yc.urnuas roloc 3anru Ara
xuBorHble co6rapamrcr BoKpyr Hero u Herro.qBvxuo crotr, He yxoA{ rlacrl{cb. flocle 3lrKpa 3asrz Ara
c\parnfiBazt y qblTbrpex rouonrefr: "Kro ert? OxyAa I{ 3aqeM Bbr trpr4rrrx[ crcga?". Ouu roroprr eMy
orKyla u BarreM oHE rrpumnz. Tor4a 3asru Ara nocuorpgB Ha Bce trerbrpe cropoHbr (Cenep, IOr, Boc-
rox, 3aua4) Ir raiKe rroHroxaB Bce qerbrpe cropoHbr, roBopr4T: "[eru MoIr, BoKpyr r He Blrxy 6onee Aoc-
roinoro rupa rreM r". B Ayme Cafiftuta Ara u FaAp Ara saKpa-ubrBaercr [porecr. Cafiiml, Ata covure-
Bascb, Iryaer upo ce6r: "Kar us raKoro 6ocouoro, oAeroro B roxMorb-f,, xarlKoro! rlepHoro (:axru)
qeroBeKa Moxer srrfifl4 coBepmerrHbrfr nacranur,rr (yuurear), BOrb r I,r3 poAa Cafifruaor r.r K ToMy xe t
yrlIlrct B TaKoM cBrtrlerrHoM Mecre rar Byrapa". LI y Eaup Ara raroro x(e poAa coMHeHrrt.
Xors 3aHrrr Ara yrourr MbrcJrr,r .uByx MonoAbrx, Ho c reprreHueM u Myqpocrbro ttocr)maer 6raropa-
3yN[Ho, He gaer r,rM sHarb oro. Yeyn Xacau Ara u C4qp Ara 6es scmux ro.ne6agufi craHoBrrct Mypu.{a-
uu 3anrn Ara. Eraro4apr BocnllTaHrrrro, HacraBJreHr4f,u, rm6esuocrr4 14 IocroLIHcrBaM yrII,ITert oHtr Aoc-
Tr{raxlr cBoHX xelagrafr. Ysyu Xacan Ara nocne 3auru Ara s KaqecrBe ero trepBorro xannQa, 3aHilMaer
Mecro nzpa (uacranuuxa). Caititul Ara c rroMorrlbro An6ap Aua 4o6unaercr drarocK'rorrHocrlt 3asryI
Ara u cranoBilTc-f, ero BTopbrM xarruSola. flo orouy floBo,qy cytrIecrByer cJle4/rctrIee lpeAaHrre. Cafrfiuag
Ara Ao:rro repflIrr rpy4nocr]r, reJra y Hero He ulyr. Torla ou xarrysrct mo6nuofr n lo6pofi x(eHe 3arr-
rra Ara. An6ap Aua c nro6egnocrrro Aaer raroft coBer: "Trr o6epnr,rcb B qepHbrfr nofrror, lpncraBb K
rpy4u Kynmllrr c rerrJrofi rolofi u Ao paccBera flfir Ha rryru y 3anrz Ara. KorAa Ha paccBere ou nrrfi.qcr
.4rrfl coBepmeHltr oMoBeHut fieper yrpeunefi MoJlzrnofi, ysures re6.fi n raKoM cocro.flHuu, on o6ssareffi-
Ho cx(zulllTcg niq ro6ofr. He 1aunurccb, wtv lrocJle ororo oH oKzuKer re6e csoro 6lalocrnognocn". Ha
paccBere cJle4yrcrqero rus 3aHru Ara ne:r ll.rur coBepmeHr{.r oMoBeHr,rff rlepeA yrpenuefi r*roLmlBofi. su-
Iur qeJroBe*u jlsxarrlero cBepHyBrrrucb B qepurtft softrox. oH crrpocltJl : "Kro ru?", tot BcraB c
Mecra, cHf,B n rroJroxuB noriror Ha 3eMJrn roBopLIT:
*fl Korga
- CaifiisA Axua,u, yqr4TeJlb, cx(iulbrecb HqAo
unofr, r rpeileH [epeg naun. Tenepb y MeHr Her HIrKaKoro BbrcoKoMepmt. fl. oco3uaJr cnon rpexut"
JlrcOesuHfi yrrurenb 3anru Ara cxauzBrrrlrcb HaA cBorrM yqeHr,rKoM, [plrxrrMaer ero K cepArly KaK JrIo-
6utuoro cuua. Beuepou Au6ap Ana roxe WoJrrer 3anru Ara npocruru CafrfiuAa Axuala. 9epe: ue-
cKoJrbKo Aueft Aena Cafiirula Ara nonrru B ropy rr oH Aocrprr cgoeft Meqrbl. Ea4p Ara raKxe l{eKoropoe
BpeMs crpa.qaer or He)Aarr, oH TaKxe rrprr [ocpeAHuqecrBe An6ap Ana laocrauBaerc.s ffo6esHocru z
6:rarocxronHocru cBoero )Ar.rreJr{ 3anru Ara n, qepe3 HeKoropoe BpeMr 1ocrr,rraer cBonx xenanrafr.
Bropofr xa,ru$ 3auru Arur - Caitfirul Ara, xur B uocrreAHefr verrepru XIII u uepuofr qerBeprl,I
XIV rera, rr cbrrpiu Baxilryr<l ponb B pacnpocrpaHeHurr l/.ulav.a cpe4v rrcpKoB Ksuqarcxoft crenu, Ta-
rap u 6arnrzp Ilpurolxbr t4 rcra Vpaua. Ero Masgorefi naxognrc{ B KIItruIaKe Eaxupranu Xope:eucrofi
o6racrH.'
B ueroropnx rrpggaHkLtrx roBopr4rc.fl, vro 3annr Ara uopyrlur cBoeMy xa,ruQy Caitul Ata uotZrv,
B Ku[q:rKcKyro crenb v
Ha] IHTr l,rcniuy raMorrrHux rIopKoB. On crasarr: "Tau, HorHe MycyrbMaHe cra-
Hyr BatrrnMn llypn&auv, yKperrrrre cpeAn Hr{x r{cJrarM KperrKo u nesrr6rel,Io, BBervrs raM 3aKoHbI mapva-
ra!" Ealp Ara nocle4oB:rr 3a CaftftuAou Ara. flepeg rx orrrpaelreuueM 3anru Ara gal Cafifru4y Ara
rrucbMo rr cKa3arr: "flpn rpygHocrr{ orKpofi r,r upo.rltraft sro [r4cbMo". B ogHotvr Mecrs Ealp Ara 3axBo-
paB orcraer or Cafrfrula Ata. B eror rpylHbui rrnorraeur Cailfiul Ara .ruraer uucbMo cBoero yvnren-r. B
rlr{cbMe 6rno uauucauo: "lAe Eaup Ara 3aKoHqIlT cnofi seMHoft uytr, TaM ero u ttoxopoHrl, TaM rlot-
Brrrcr poAHur". flo BaBery u yKa3aHrrrc 3anru Ara, Caifitq Ara xoponnr Eaap Ara n MocrHocrl{, rAe
TIOTOM flOflBrlreTct po,qHrrK.

t
Jleeuru fieauc. Amailira opdep (mapurcam omoua). gu4urcnonedua Llpanurca 11 (8.1977. Cmp 904). I'Iuduana
Bawuuzmon. CMA.
7l
 flocne sroro Caftfrun Ara [pu3brBaer MnoxecrBo rIopKoB, KorreBrlx yr6eron, Tarap, 6amxnp u
[peIKoB Ka3axoB, KorIeBaBIIIux s Kzrqaxcrofr creln r Hcrau, .qaer 3HaHIUI B Ayxe cySufrcroro Welt4g
(lyxosuoft ll 6oro6os:neuuocrz). Tarra cpenu HaceJreHr,rr KperrKo ycralraBJrnBaer 3aKoHbr tnapmara.t
Tarue I'IMeHLIrbIe cy$aficxue [perBoAr4reJru KaK Hcrraoul Ara, llcxar Ara, A,ruauun Ea6a, IIIafrx
Alu, Man4A IIIafr1, Xaxauan lJJailx, Xaffiu IIIaftx, ,(xauan ITT2a1s, Xacan u6n lxarvran Eyx.apu,
IIIaftx Cyrafruon I-atHeBu, IIIafrx Xyta4;afitag.. lllafix Marun, IIIax Kacuu Kapuunv, Bxorwra B
"reqesue" 3anru Artt. Kaual IIIafix l,kanu s o6racru IIIaru ocsoBarJr MaJreHbrufr rapuxar klKauu-l,
nxo.qruqr.rii B rerleHrle 3anrr.r Ara. Ha'r[Ha.fl c Kauona IIIafixa rosnvrcs, onvH BrrA rpoMKoro 3zKpa
(surpu gxaxpu), roropufi HunlrBaercr "srrxpu appa". flo upeganr4{M, KorAa Kaual IIIafix 7-8 pas uc-
rIo,TH.trJI "3uKpLapBy', "[pocrpalrcrBo c 3e\4ru4 Ao ne6ec €orprcaJrocb", u cep,qqa crymareJ'refr talltu rax
neg. 14: ropna l{crloJrHtlotrlero "gurpu appy'' ruprrBalzcb 3ByKr.r rroxoxus Ha 3ByK nu,rru1efi AepeBo rru-
mt (appa) rI oro rlpnBo/Iuro clyruarelefi B rperrer. (DaxpuAgr.tn A;ru ac-CaQ[ s cnoei KHr{r€ '?anraxar"
rrpxBoArrr cnegyroqufr cy$uficrufi 6aiir o6 oroM 3rrKpe:
'Myprouu qaMaH 6a4pu ca6o4u,
Xonaug rypo 6o ucrur'o4u"z
( C pauuero yrpa rrrrrrlbr Ha nyry
rpocnanrrflror Te6s (Eora -A.V.)
3asru Ara Xuunaau{ KaK rpylurrfr IIIarix rapl,rKara flccaBvt, nuluxnit MbrcJrrireJrb Marepannaxpa
z
Xopacana, oAIrH tI3 3HaMerrr{rnx cy$lrftcKux yleHbrx, oKa.:aur 6olrmoe BItwflHne Ha Mlrorux rropKot-
3bIqHbIX v [epcot3bFIHbIX IrosroB, )KzBrrrux [ocJre Hero. 34ecr MbI ofpaHlrql4Mcr ynoMr,IHaHr{eM JII,Iilrb
HeKoropblx rlooroB, o[[caBIIIUx B cBoI,Ix crlnx?x [pe4cKanul,rt u rIoJIoxI{TeJIbHbIe KagecrBa 3anrr,r Ara.
Haupulvrep, arc6urur,lft TropKcKlIMLI HapoAaMLr, rervrnft TBopeq - r)a4auucr, MbrcJrrrrerrb n rrrraxrunftcr
rloer rypKMeHcKoro HapoAa Maxgyl{ryru @upatn B oAHoM cBoeM crrrxorBopeH}rn yrroMnHaer Lr oKa3br-
Baer BblcoKoe rroqreHlle llpglcraBlIterro .f,ccaszu 3auru Ara, ocnotare,Tro rapr{Kara Harur6aruus Eaxa-
yruIIrHy Harru6au4y t4, oAHoMy r{3 ero yvurelefi Cairitul, Ar"rnpy Ky.rrany.3
floor uo I{MeHII IIIauc [ocBtrllJr 3auru Ara uorvrBy B Br,rAe upocn6rr x 6ory - MyHa,qxar. Oluu
6afir etortl MyHaAXara 38) rrrr cne4yrorrluM o6pasou:
Vn Cailftw oAaM {aKr,r, 6 3alrru 6o6onuur {,uuuaru,
Vl ruynaxxrap oAau daKra, E 3anrz 6o6o Xurvnrarvt".a
Oror 6arir ra uoqoGurre crlrxorBopubre crpoKn B ropoAiu( Typxecrana, B qacrnocru s TaurenTe, Ao
HeAaBHtx rop (50-rre rogrr) na BbrcoKr.rx rrHToHaulr{x HapactreB rlurarJrrrcb ,qepBrrrxaMn.
flosr Karraz Tatrrxau,qu oulrcblBarl BenlrKne 6taroyer.uvt v, WurBrTerrbrrrre Aocror{HcrBa 3anrr.r Ara,
fllrruer B o[HoM It3 crlrxorBopeuuit:
'[]pKu XaKK[r uoc6onu \azpnu 3anru oro,
Clrppu raft6u po3AoHrr Xaaparu 3annr oro.
Spaurap 3oxr{p cur4Qu-y Ba JreKr{H 6oruuau,
Tougmap Hyp-y eueuu {a:paru 3anrr.r oro.
TypaFa 6zp xanrpu KapoMar xlpryry6 Aax,p axrrr{ra,
Orgurap An6ap onoHrr {aeparu 3anrz oro".s
Kar roeopnrct B HeKoropblx npeAalrwtx, y csrrofr Morr{Jrbr Xa:para 3anrn Ara uoxuo ycnbrtrrarr
oxo: "A-rlrax, A-naax!", [poll3Hoc[Moe Bo BpeMfl rpoMKoro 3r,rKpa "3nKprr ]DKaxp[". Brnueynournyrrrfi
noor Kauu Taumaugn B onHoM cruxorBopeHzlr yKasblBas. Ha ":uKpu 4xaxptr", roropufi ltpu xor3Hlr
rrcrroJrHq;r 3anrn Ara nr.rmer:

' A6dytzauu Addyuro. Taurceum atutofltrtHuH? 6out uuo,u xamudu "3auzu Ama", ?dserna "Tawxeutn xarcuxannu".
30.04.91.
' Pautaxam, JlumoepaStun. Jlaxnae. 1890. Xpanunuule pyKonuceil uncmumyma Bocmorcoeederuu ulrteHu A6dypail-

. Cmp.480.

47.
 "Ailrrarafutap ro MaHorI{Aau 6epu Aap {aP 3tMoH, .
"Orro)1, Ollo4, Pa66anoul" {a-aparu 3aHM oro"'

flpnu4glexauufi [ocronneMy rroKoJreHuro /Ir{HacrIIu 3anrn Ara yrcnrfi cy$uft, nporegurufr no-
r
cJreAnr{e roAhnKr.r3urr r Typur,ru, Xaiuull, B KHr{re'[xaroxrlp yn-a6pop..." (c.238), Hanl{ctu clegyoqufi
6aftr, ocuorbrBaqcb Ha KpynHoro lllafixa XV nera rapllKara Harur6au,qus Xo[xu Axpapa Bauu
a.l-IIIanru: "nosa
'Xoxau Adpop ryQru 6ap Aarou,
Mepoc4q gap r!rur xox c$ty nroru.
As rypo6u MapKa,qz 3aHrn oro
Holarr.l "Ollo4!" ry+Tu 6apuuto". "
(Xo4xa Baru ecerAa roBoplrJr:
Kax,uufr [eHb I,I Horlb rl3 Morr,IJIbI 3anru Ara,
C.nuurnu pbIIaHI4t : "A,Trax, Aruax !")
OcssueHgoft rpo6nzue 3anru Ara, xoropa;r HaxoAI,ITct B KlIIIrJIare 3auru Ara vexA5l Kanyrvu lt
Tamrenrou, o ee r<parrofr urcropttvt, rJraBHrrrfr uuau xarr,r6 Tarurcenrcrofi o6:r.actu, HbIHe npeAceAareJlb
yrpagreHur rro AenaM penvrflrr fipu coBere Muuucrpor Pecuy6.uzr<u Vs6erl4craH, A6gyrauu A64yllo,
Aaer cne[yrcrque "Morrala 3agru Ara naxo4nrct B oAHoItMeHHoM KIrIIrJraKe sdrusu Tanrxen-
"uegennl:
ra, Man:olleii cocrorrr ra: rpo6nuubr r{ MalreHnrofi ueqern npv BxoAe. Ona 6rna [oqrpoeHa Arvllpou
Teuypou, a s L42O rogy Mupeo Vnyr6er rpr{crpor{Jr r neir I,I HI'IHe cylqecrBymrqwft, topru' flo ero
IlprrKaly Ha gToM lroprarre 6rur sauucan cne4ylotI1fifr xacv1.: "Mon .qoMa Ha raoeft seMre - sro Me'reflI. A
Mor,r rroJroMgr{Krr ocBelqaror ee. Kaxnufr, coBepIIrHB y ce6t. AoMa oMoBeHIre' upllxoAttrIuli B Mofi AoM
Aocrourr Moero yBaxeHnr..." B XVII BeKe 3Aecb 6wru nocrpoeubr MeApece u co6opnat Meqerl,' q laM
[onyqarx o6pa:onauue MHoxecrBo cr].[eHToB. B rouqe XIX sera ueIpbIM qeJIoBeKoM rlo I4MeHu Mup-
so Pycrau 6ir.rr uocrpoeH cyrqecrByroqzfr nrme MEHaper. Xorr s 1930 ro4y Meqerb 6r'r,la :arpma, u
1941 runy oHa nuosb orKpr,Lfiacb, a s 1946 rogy ee orrsrb 3aKphullr Ir [peBpar[nu r lly:eft atelr:ua. B
1989 ro4y no rpe6onauraxl MycynbMan co6opnar Merlerb Ia rpo6uzqa cHoBa 6luru orrprnu.
gro cnxqeHuoe Mecro HerrpepbrBuo rrocetrIaror IToJIoMHI,IKLI us Cpegnert Asuu m AQranzcrana.
Lluau xarr.r6 rr ero rIoMotrrHI4KLt Bcerra ua cnyx6e y Hilx".'

Te.reHne 3aHrra Aru

3auna Ara (xuuuaru)

1 CauP Ara

f
IIIafix flarcrasag IIIaftx

I (Dyad Konprcnnsade. Typrc ada6u€mwrda urK.hrymacaeeyQnap. HcmaufytL 1919 c.108.

t Ta-ru xe. c.406-407
t "Towxeum xarcurcantu". 30.04-91
 tl
IIIafix [xauar Eyxapz (Kourrapz)
tl
IIIafix Cynafiuan fasHesr.r
I

IIIarix Xyaallaal
IIIafrx Marun Marurono Kyx 3appzu
rl
IIIafrx Auus IIIafix Kacuu Kapunuu

ancyp Ara

o rrrArzxE HAA)KMH Ay':VL|IE KyEpA t4 TAPI/IKA.|E KyBpABr{t

B Tlprecralre, B trpollrJroM, XLIJII{ 14 TBoptrnu MHoxecrBo BeJrI,IKItx trltlcnzterefi n cyeuircxnx y,re-

1_r1x.
K rx qtrcJly orHocltrct poguwtuficn ?r BrrpocIur,Ifi r Xope:nre, ocHoBareJrr tupururi Ky6panlrr -
IIIafix Hagxvtzguu Ky6pa (1145-1221), I/;s-sa rorr , qro uMl_ n Aerre:rbHocrb raKoro qeJroBeKa, KaK r.r
Axua,q fccasu, tI EaxayAAnn Harcm6anAa, oKyrarrbr 6onrurr.ru KoJrtrqecrBou npeganuft u paccKa3oB, rro-
Ka HrM Hen3BecTHr,I TOgHbIe Ha) rHbre 6norpaQuuecKue IaHHbre.
B srofi rJIaBe MbI KoporKo ocraHoBr{Mct Ha xu3Hu, AeflTeJrbrrocrr,r r'r rBopqecrse IIIafixa Hagxut4-
auua Ky6pa. IIpu Harlucarrlll{ erofi r:rasrr Mr,r ficrroJrr,3oBruru uuQopuaquro, uouepnuyrFo Irg raKlrx py-
KotIt4cHbIX, marorpaQnvecKllx u
lreqarHblx ntganuit, r<ar "HaQaxar yn-ync" A6aypaxrraona ,{Nalll,r,
"Hacavu yn-vryxa66ar" Arnmepa HaBou, "Typr 4ga6uerzuga zJrrrMyracamyQlap" OVsAu Kouplollosage
"Cy$uarra u cySuitcxall Jrlrreparypa" 8.9 Eepreruca, "Hclatr u CyQu:u" Hllre.nrca u "CyeuficKaf, ra-
plrKara ts I4sraMe" [x. C.Tpllnu{HreMa.
flolnoe I{N4r ororo yleHoro 6rulo Axvrag u6u Yuap A6ay:r ,(xassa6 Halxul,uuptu an-Ky6pa al-
X-ilsaxz al-Xopasuu. PoArtrc.r os s 540 (1145-46) rogy B Xope:nauftcKoM ropoAe Xrsare. Ha4xuruAran
Ky6pa B cBoe BpeMx 6Hn fissecreH etrIe tro[ r{MeHeM "Illafriu ua;Inrapotr" To ecrb "IIIafrx Bocrrr{Tbr-
BaIoEufr BaJrrreB".
Kar nlrurer A6gypaxlnraH Axaulr s croeft Klrrrre "Ha$axar yr-yrnc", HarNuu.qAuH B AercrBe yxoAlrr
n Eruner B rlol{cKitx zr;.alnuit. B Erunre oH yqr,rrcr y yreHoro rro r{MeHH Py:6exau BasgaH rr,'r-il4z"pt
(Wep a 584 (1188 rogy). A,r-Mlrcpz B cBoro oqepeAb 6lr,r yveuuroM H MyprrAovr A6y Hilxu6a ac-
Cyxpanapgz. Pys6exau oKataB oco6ylo 6narocuonnocrb, Boc[I.rran ero KaK co6crn"uuoro cbrHa rr ]riDKe
xeHLrJr ero Ha cnoefr gorepr,r. 3areu or{ orrrpaBr{ncfl yrrr4Tbcfl, K HeKoeMy, rlo I,rMeHr.r lluau A6y Mancyp
XuQlu. V uero oH raKxe E3)l.ItLJr HayKy "III4p1 ac-c541Ha". Ea1e n Ta6puse oH 11epeHr1 Mgorr,re rBHbre rr
rafturre 3HaHvIs, orHo_ctrllvecx r CyQz3My, y raKax )AeHbrx cyQuen, rar IIIaftx -Ea6a @apaax, AMMap
-fcup (yv. l2OO) uUlclrlautt Kacpu (W. ll93). [ocrurgyB y IIIaftxa Vlcvawa Kacpu cretregrr cye:lifr-
cKoro AepBI'I[ra, oH rloJryqzJl ero 6latucroBeHr.re. IIur "HqgxuprLlry.H" eMy liu IIIafrx I46paxul,r s Eiun-
Te, a B Te6puse IIIafix Vlcvrawt Kacplr [ar eMy rrpo3Brrrue "Kfrpd', ro ecrb "serurui".3ar.eu oH, BMe-
cre c )rqureneM Ir recreu Pys6exauoM, B Kaqecrse 6omlfioro 3HaroKa CyQr,r:rvra cBoero BpeMerrrr, He3a-
BI{cI'IMoro Illarixa, Bo3BparlrBrrrlrcb Ha poALIHy r Xopesu, crpolrr raM xagaKax, no"uzrrruaet 6o.nrtuoe
Ko,III4rIecrBo WeHtrKoB, ocuoBbrBaer raplrKar Ky6pavux" uttu 3axa6ug. eror rapllKar ocHoBbIBaIIct Ha
ltraplrare r ua naeraSopuvecrofi TpaKToBKe yqenur Kopanatr, B cBoe BpeMt rrrrrpoKo pactrpocrparrurct
cpe4v Hapo,qoB Xopacaua, Marepauuaxpa, Id,wawu u qp1yllax MycynbMarrcKrrx crpag. Cieru qnefos aaH-
Horo rapnKara gefrcruosar cuoco6 Tr{xoro (laftnoro) 3rrKpa.

74
 Aurop KHIrrIlt "parrraxar afin yl-xadr", ac-Ca$u, oclroBblBarcb Ha rrAge A6xypaxrraana .{xauu, toro-
pHT o rpaKToBKe rarluoro 3r.rKpa (allrpu xyQur) HaAxr"ruAglrna Ku6pa, v naer cBelenrr.l o roM, tlro rlo
MHeHun Illartxa Ky6pa upoqecc 3r.rKpa Hepa3pr,rBHo cBrBaH c rlpol1eccoM lhlxalrut (uepepnra): "Kar
roBoprrr Xarparr MaxgyNru Hypuggmr A6rrypaxvlau an-Ar<aulr r{ KnK flnrler s cnoeft pucane "@aBatux
ar-Ax{aMarr" IIIafix A6ayr lxauna6 Haxu an-Ky6pa, AbrxaHrre y xuBornlrx flpoucxolr{T nr.rlrlh tIo npil-
poguofi na[o6rocrra. JLo4z rra caMoM AeJre Abrrrrar no rofi xe ueo6xogRMocru, oAuulr(o [prr AbrxaHrr[
rIe,ToBeK rafruo flporr3nocr4T ul,rs BcesHIIIHero, xoqer orl Toro I{JrE Her".
Oreq usrecrHoro na Bocroxe Mbrcrrnre;u r.l cyQuftcroro yqeHoro (Daxpu44uua Arrapa (yv'. L225),
Magxul2ltrrr EarAa,qz (yu. LZL9), Ir oreu flxarrare/uuua Pyuu, Saxayalun Bar4A, crrurarorct yqoHl{-
xauu HqgxMrr,qAnHa KFpa.
Koneq xH3HI{ Halxuuaur,rH Ky6pa nporEn n Xopesue, B oqeHb rtxerrbrx, xecroKrrx I{ cJIoxHbIx
ycJIoBr,IJrx. B sro BpeMJr r.r3-3a B3iMMHoii Heilp[r3urr cynraHoB Xope3Ma, IIInaln, Eyxapu u Cauapranna
ycltr'Il{nocb HaTffcK Monrolos na Typrecrarr, IloJrKoBogqrr qunrn3xaHa oArrll 3a ApyruM 6esXa[ocfHo
3axBarblBa[[ KpyrIHbIe ropola Marepannaxpa. Vls-ea rpycocru u Hepemr.rreJlbHocrll Myxa:urr,raga Xo-
pe3Mtrraxa, B r4roJre Mecrqe 678 (1221, roga), soiicra MoHroJroB Bo rnaBe co BTopbrM cbrHoM 9uuru:xaua,
9araraeu, ocax(Aiuor criurllurc Xoperlrtraxon - lypreuv (nrrue Kyxna Ypreuv). B ocax.qennofi ctolltqe,
KorAa HaceJreHze crpa[ilro B r.f,x(eJrbrx ycrroBurx crapnrfi 76-llrer"rtuit cy{ufi, IIIafix Hauxl,ruluzu Ky6pa
co6upaer soficro cpe4v. HapoAa, Aepxa B pyKax Korrbe, sfiTas MonlzrBhr, rroKa3brBaer yAlrBlmenbnble rly-
Aeca. Hecrornno ,qneri coxpaufler Yprexv or araK [por]rBHvKa.
IlsBecruo, qro cuoco6Hocrb rBopr4Tb rryleca u npeAcKiBbrBarb 6ylyuee vuenv Jrr4rrlb ralil{e BeJrH-
rue lllafrxu, KaK HanxMr{urrH Ky6pa, Axual 9lccanuil ta Eaxay[Mu Harm6anA. 9ro - 6ec{enuoe E
HecpaBHuMoe 6Jraro, [apyeMoe Eorou rlrllb BenLrKIrM, rroxoxfl{u na flpopoKa Jrro.qtM.
9yaeca Ilpoporor 6enflTc . Ha HecKoJrbKo BrrAoB: HarrprrMep, KorAa napoA Mycn trpoctrn ero Aarb
Bo.{br, oH yAap[n rocoxoM o KaMeHb ]r rorna 6naro.qap.r 6oxecrnennoMy q]ay rr3 KaMHr rloJrl{Jracb BoAa.
VIstu rc BpeMJr cxrmanuft rro rycrbrHe HapoAa Vlzpautt., Bce oro BpeMr HaA Hr'tMLr cror,ro o6Jraro Aasafl
renr. EnIe rrepel Mycofi piuBepHyJrocb Mope It oH crraccr or rlpecneAoBnnut (Dapaona.
,{anarn clr-renurs, o rafinux AeJr:lx, TaKxe cnoftcrseHHoe lpopoKaM rrylorBopcrno. flpopox Hca or-
KpbITO paccKa3blB{ul, IITO A,IIIII I{ qTO XpaHIIJIL IOMa eIO [pI4XOXaHe.
3lrre rroqu x(eJlirr cxerrb npopoKa l46paxuua, 6pocaror ero B Kocrep. Ho oH rryuecHblu o6parou
HeBpeAIIMbIM BbXOATIT r43 OrHs,.
Eor gaponar cBoIIM upopoKaM cuoco6noctb rBoprnrb neo6rr.IafrHbre q)ryeca. Ilpopor Hca oxnnurn
MsprBeIIoB. flpopox Myca uor rrpeBpailIarb crofr uocox B 3Mexl.'
Kar numer E.9.Eepremc r xHzre "florecrr o IIIafixe HalxMzlguHe", n oAI{n uo3Auzfi re.rep Me-
crua .qx(Wallv yn-aaBut (zrcnr), MolrroJrbcKrlft uoarorogeq 9ararafrxiur, c 6onrnruu soficrol{ HaIraB Ha
Xopesra, ocaxgaer Kperrocrb Vpranv. Pasrnesauuufi 9ararafixaH peilraer: "3anrpa yrpoM MbI rloKopxzM
ory Kpelocrr!". OAlraro yrpoM nepeA tnasavrla Monrr-oJlbcKoto eoficxa ocaXAeHHarI Kperroc"rb rIoJIHocrbK)
rrcqe3asr, Ha Mecre Kperrocrr4 ocraercq rrycrblpr,. 9ro 6rruo qyno BeJrnKoro lflarZxa HaxulEAnua Ky6pa!
Yeroser ns Tyca, cnpcnrmr,rfr {araraftxany rr 3uatsrrrIafi o ultrornopcrBe Hqxunqlnna Ky6pa roBopt4r
9araraftxauy! "9ro q)ao, rBopesne IIIaftxa KFpa. Tenepr Xopeeu Moxer yBll,uerb roJrbKo xopesMilell".
flocne aroro garataftxan rro coBery qenoBeKa us Tyca, fiocbl;raer ogHoro pu6ara xopeeuzftqa, B Kaqe-
crBe rrocJra, B Kperrocrr r lllaftxy Ky6pu ,qJrr BeAeHr,rfl rleperoBopor. B oro BpeMJr crrJrbrro rpeBoxacb,
Myxauuag Xoperunrax Haqr,rHaer roroBr.rrbcr K crraceHrrro xrr3Hr{ csoefi ceN,tu u lpu.{BopHblx BenbMox.
Hapogou BHyrpr Kperrocrr{ pyKoBoArrn craprrfr u rpeArrpnuuqranrui IIIaftx Ky6pu. Pu6ar tpufiyx r.
Illaiixy roBopur: rlararafixau rro3Bonr{Jr BaM, yBaKaeurrfi IIIaftx, nHftTu rr3 Kperrocru BMecre c samefr
ceurefr u t'arn K)aa Bbr 3axoTure", flepxauufi s oAHod: pyKe rrocox, a B Apyrofr xoure, pyronolauzfr
o6opouofr Kperrocrlr; craprrft cyQufr u 6.naroo6pagnnfr IIIafrx orBeqaer rrocJry: "fl nponen caMbre nyq-
Irrl{e MrHoBeuu.f, rvroefr xI{3HLI na srofr csqroft 3oMJre, goporofr rl rlo6[]vroft poArrHe, 6poczrr, poAHyIo
3eMllo B caMoe rpy4Hoe BpeMJr AJrr HapoAa - caurrfi uoAnrrft u :r^uzrwilt locr5iloK!"
TorAa cselyr1ufr o ulaecuofi cnile v gr.rBrrrerbHoM f,cHoBr{Aenzu IIIafrxa Ky6pa, Tor qaloBeK rn3
Tyca coneryer {ararafixany rroBepHyrb 3aAoM HarrepeA .uoura[eft MorrroJrbcKoro soficra m culoir sg*rs
Kperrocrb. B sror rorr r,rfr rr orBercrBennuft uorrreHT rreKoropble no,[crpeKaretlu paclpocrpaHrrcT B Kpe-
rIocrI,I cJDD( o roM, qro .flro6n "Illaitx croBopl.rJlcr c nparaun" u nopoxAaror palnan Mexny Myxauua-

' 3a4udxox l{odup Omoxou jenu, I{ypoonda. swxpu Ken?.aH llailea.m6aptap, Tou "Maeapoytlttcarp uycytwontapu",
NpI0. 1992. Cmp 22.
'/J
noM Xope3MrIIixoM Lr lflaftxou KFpu. Xoperuurax Bbr3BaB ra,ua.rrblrrnKoB [pr{KiBbrBael pa3y3Harb, rITo
,[eJIaIor MoHroJrbI. fa-qauruurli Aalor roxHble cBeJIeHus o roM, rITo Bpau{ yxolrr or ropo/Ia; Ha caMoM
Aene Bpar ilreJr rro HarrpaRrreHl{ro K r.opoAy.
_ ilo4olrgt K KperlocrlrbtM BoporaM, Burvrr IIIalix Ky6pa cll,[HT B npoxone y Bopor paccraBr.rB Hofl.r.
Cytrau -upoxog.
rIoKJIoHHBIIrtIcb, rlpocur IIIafrxa ocno6o4urr B sroi Halx"rzauun Ky6pa
B3rlxIHyB 3a Bopora' BvIA*rr) rITo Bo rJraBe MoHroJIDcKoro soficxa trIercaM "o""",
Xu:p n oH ctrparrrusaer Xr.r3-
pa, qro AeJlarb' Xurp, Xa 6yter Mnp ual HI,IM, roBopr.rr: 'Mu cHapsAlrlucf, 3arrlr.trr.rrb eac Xa:par,,. 3a-
rerr'l IITafr [poxo.q. Kar rolrxo Ky6pa ocso6oAr.rr rrpoxoA, Bopora orKpbr-
Balorcs I4 ofr npary, Ky6pa,[epBblM BLIXoAT{T 3a Bopora u Harrr4naerc.fl Kpo-
BorlpoJrllr Mologofr n clrlruufr cbIH MoHroJrbcKoro xaHa Bo BpeMf, 6zisg
orpy6aer roJroBy 76-leruer,ry H4[xullAAl.rny Ky6pa, xoroprrfr n o4uofr pyKe Aepxarr rrocox, a n
4pyrofi
Korlbe' Moryqufr lllaix Bce eue crot Ha Horix, Aepxa B pyKe cBoxl ror'roBy, a lpyrci pyKofi y*uutrr-
IrTl[cb 3a vy6 croero y6ufil1r't, BoJroq[rr ero B cropoHy cqAa ognofr crapyxu, Boerre Kpe11ocrHblx creH.
3aI{At B car oH Ila[ae'r Ha 3eMJrro u Wr4paer. fielo n iou, vro crapyra-ioaafira sroro caA4 [recKoJlbKo
Anefr paurme BI{Aena Bo cIIe IIIafrxa Ky6pa I{ oHa [pe.q]4rrpeAlrna ero o loM, qro s c4rly flpoJrrl6racb ero
fipuxo.qnJr B 0ToT caA r{ cupirBJrrJrcr o 3AopoBbe cTap}4ur.
Weperb. Kar su crapalr{cb MorlroJrbr, oHrr He cMoxlru ocBC,-
pyr< Illafrxa. Tor1a orrrrb rreJroBeK ua Tyca roBoprrr xauy:
no6ogr,rrr or 3axBara ororo BeJrr{Koro u r"rorylero IlJaftxa,
troKa oH He nPI4Mer klctavt", flouasmuft r 6earuxo4Hoe rloJroxenrne cbIH xaHa, rro elo rrpr{Kasy, [pol{3-
HocI'Ir K{UII{MaH rafiittt6y (JIa ulaxa uf,rraJrrrax, MyxaMM4qyH pacyl A,;urax) u npungMaer rrcJraMcKyro
peJIHrI{Io' B ror xe MoMeHT IIIafrx Ky6pa B rrocJreAHr{ft pae o6patrIaercr x co6pauurr,rwcs. v coBepmaer
flocJrelHee vygo: 'JItoII{ cMorpllTe u suairre, oror MoJroAoit, cunnuttir ronoruf [cnoJrHI,IJI r,reqrv scefr
N{oefi xIIsHll, oH coeArrHur MeHs c A-nrraxou. floerovy x salepy ero c co6ofi n pafil", ro"op", nn
AXy-"
Ilcrle3aer c IJIa3 co6panruzxct BMecre c rononrerl. Dro euocqacrioe co6urlre npol,r3orrr,ro B MecrIIe
MoArr yn-aBsar 618 roAa xrrAx(pu (3 ntrl.w l2Ll rcm). Bs6ecznmzfrcr xan c softcrol{ Hariul erqe pru Ha
Vpreuu, KasHItJl EacensHue ropoAa, pa3pyrrrr4Jr MuHaperbr r.r cpoBlrg.rl rax c seMnefi.
Tenept HecKo.rrbKo cros o6 ocHoBaHHoM Illaftxopr HqNrrluluvnou Ky6pa rapr.rKare Ky6panur.
OceHr BDKHa poJlb Ir3BecrHoro ) IeHLIKa Ky6pa, Marxgyg4uHa Barrq[u 1yw. tzisy, B pacrpocrpaHeHrrr4
oToro Tapr,rKaTa Bo BCeM MyCynbMaHcKoM Mr{pe,
flo unenzro aumuticxoro yrleHoro cyQuere4a Ax. C. Tpuueureua raprrKar Ky6panur uMe;r c;re-
AyIOqne oTBeTBrreHrrr :
(Dzplascur. Dror rapr{Kar HaqaJrc.fl c reunKa Ky6pa CafrelqAfiHa Ca:,;u1la wt-Baxapzw
_1. Tapzrar }
al-Eyxapu vI cBssaur c I{MeHeM elo Brr,{Horo xanuQa Ea4pulguua (Dl,rp4ancra. Bo rpenaeua yvenura @up-
AaBcv Ha[xuzAnr.rua (5nr. 1300), TapvKar @npilarcux rr4poKo paclpocrpaHurrcs. n LI:aAuu.
2. Tapurar Hyplu. 9ror rapllKar rnrrrercr EarAqAcruu orBerhrreHr,rena Ky6paruu H cBs3al c [Me-
neu Hypugzu a A6gypaxMaga an- HcQap au nu, (yw. | 3 17 ) yuur er,t Ac-crarusanz.
3. lapuxar Pyr<ullq-. 9ror rapl,IKar f,B[sercr XopacaucruM orBerB]renuevr Ky6paBtru 14 cBr3an c
uMeHeM Pyxuzgguua A6yn Marapuu Axuq4 6r.ru IIIapaQyMr4Ha (yu.1336). Sror rpyunurl cyQnficrufi
yveurm B Mlrpe CyQnrua Xopacaua 3HaMeHur eIUe uo.q HMeHeM Ananlq-,Uaua ac-Cuvrtattu.
4. Tapr,rrar Xarra4lanz-s. ,9ro orserBjreHrre Bburrel[llree r{3 orBerBJrexua p),.rcuzx Kylparluu, cBs3aHo c
IIMeHeM Caitirula l;nu 6utt Illaxa6yAglrna 6uu Myxarr,ruaga a,'r-Xau44aun, B ocrroBrroM pacflpocrpaHer{ B
V[nl;uircxoir [poBI{HIIrrrr KaIuulrp. PoAr,rruruftcr n Xarraagane n ]I4/13I4 ro4y Cafifiu4 a,tru an-Xartaa1a1r4
Wep B 73611385 roAy, B Mecre rlor Ha3BaHIaeu Paxnu u 6rlr roxopoueH r Xyronrne (Tagxuxucran).
ra rplmneu cyQzfcrax rrrrqHocrb rpLr pLta rocetIzua Kanruup (t 1372, 1373, 1383 ro4ax) u 6.laroAa-
pt eMy B oroM pafrcrou yrorKe 'Vhtnuu yl'Bep.rlu.Ilacb Llclaucras peruu{-fi, Bo npeul orr,rx tryremwrsuit.
Caiftw A-tu a,r-XaMa,{aHI{ rpI.IBen c co6ofr r Kaurrraup us TyprecraHa oKoJro BocbMncor cyeueu ry6pu-
suira.
5. Tapvrar llrrunaurug. 9to orserRlrenue rBrrrercs XopacaucxzM orBerBJrenueu Ky6paBfin n oc-
HoBaH lfcxarou an-Xyrrananu (W. 1423). Elo yueuur A6lyrura Eap:uura644u Maruxa4n ocHoBaJr B
IIIupa:e nernr Ky6pasrm 3axa6m. rlacro lapvKar Ky6parn.n r.rMenyercr raK)Ke 3axo6uefr.
6- IapuKarnW6axturc. 3ro oteerRIIeHI{e raKxe rB,rflscb XopacancruM orBerBJreuueu Ky6parnra,
cBfl3aHo c HMeHeM Myxauvraga 6un A64yrura Hyp6axura (yu.1464) r<oropuii 6ru yveuraxona licxara
Xyrrauanra u Cau:,zrula Arru Xaualartu. VIs npnualaexaqero K TeqeHr{n lllua, rupuratu Hyp6axnrrar

76
rIo3IHee BbrrrrJrn orBerueuur, TaplrKara Hyp6axmzr, a ttosgHge BrIIIHI{ orBerueulu cBt3aHHhIe c uMe-
naur Kacuua (Dau46axura u [IlaucyAAuna Myxauuq[a an-Jlaxu[xu.1
Kpynurlfr npeAcraBl{reJlb raplrKara Ky6panm s XIV Bexe FyKHrarAru A.rrauyl-lasra ac-CuMHaHIr
(yu. 1336), Toxe cblrptu 6olruylo poJIL B pacnpocrpaHeHult ororo rapr{Kara B r,rcJraMcKoM MHpe.
Ac-Cutrluasl,I HauzcaB HecKonbKo cyQnftcrnx rpyroB na apa6croM s3brKe, BospilKaf, rrporrr.B Teopnu
u-Apa6u, roropur: 'Mlrp He ecrb rrporBJreHrre 6ora, a ecrb ero orpaxenze".
"Bax,qarn ByIX1fl" Vl6n
On raxxe orplrqaer MnoxecrBo qyrec, corBopeuHbrx cy$uxrrllr. floaAnee (n XVII rexe), n Hnanm, JHa-
uesurrtfr narnr6angufrcxatrt yvenufr cyQufl Axvrq[ ac-Cupxunau [poAoJrruB AaHHoe yreHue ac-
Cnuuauu, ocrroBrur ytreHue "rax.qarfl uyxyA' (e4llncrno crngereneft u:ru co6lrrull). 9ro yqsnue rlporlr-
BonoJloxeHo yqeHr.rrc LI6na Apa6u "Baxlarr.r ByAxryA".
7. Tapurar He'rraaryruraz.n. 9ror rapr{Kar ocHoBiur gsal,renurlrfr yveulfi cy$uit He'uaty,rna Barra
(1330-1431). On no raprrKary cM3aH c flpopoxorra Myxauvrqgou He'uaryrrrro Baln, uo.rmaBmero Ars
ll6u A6y Tum6a. Heroropoe BpeMs oH xr.rJr B roporax Cauapxauga, Eyxape u Kapuru. On rarxe
Bcrpeqzulct c Arvrzporra Tevrypou, Ho ero [po[oBeAr.r He rroupaBr{:rucr Tevrypy. Yvenur lllaranus, Ky6pa-
BIrt, "BaXIaru ByAxlZ" II6ua Apa6u, Xogxarou u oco6eHuo raprrKar K16panufl. oKa3uwr 6omuroe
BJrntHIIe na He'uaryrlro Banu. Ou gonro xildn cpeAlr rropKcKr{x HapoIoB r{ pac[pocrparrf,Jr cBoe yqeH[e.
On nanucau 544 rpyrc Ha flepcrucKoM [r apa6crou r3brKax. Ero yvenne Ao clrx trop pacnpocrpaHeno B
Vlpate I,I HeKoropbrx 3alla,qHbrx crpiuax. B srorvl yqeHrlr.r npuHrlrrrrbl "Xu&ar-.uap-acxwaH" tr "guKf[4
xyipual' 3aHuMar<lr ruraBHoe Mecro. llurepecuo ro, qro rrocJreAoBareJrn groro raprrKara Ao cltx uop Ae[-
crByror y Llpane, s 3ara[unrx crpaHax u n CIIIA. Cefrqac Illafixou raprrKara He'uaryrrarlt
AoKTop H1p6axur, xuuyuuit n Jlongoue u pyKoBoArtlq;ziit AesrerbHocrbro HeMaryJl[aqon Hpana, ^BIrfrercs
3aual-
HbD( crpau u CIUA.
Xorr rapuxar Ky6parur, r{ BbrrIreAr]ue il3 Hero rapr4Karbr u orBerBrreHu.r (cynyru), He coxpanlr-
JIIrcb Io HaIuEx guefi, uo B cDoe BpeMJr oHrr nrp.uu BaiKrryro ponb B o6qecrneuuo-[orurflqecrofi, rynr-
rypHo-Iyxonnoft xusnu HapoAoB Mauepannaxpa, Xopacaua, kln4au rr Aplrr,rx MycyJrbMancKr,rx crp'aH, I,I
OKA3AJIII IIYBCTBETEIbIIOC BJII.I,'HTIE HA TAPI{KAT6I, IIO'BItrBIIIIEC' B CJIEI,YrctrIHE CTONETI{S.
B Ky6parurz ecrb cJreAyrotrIrre .uecrrb a,qa6or (upaerur):
1. Tar6a. Corr,rr roureAnrzft B TaprrKar, r.e. BcraBmufi sa eror rryrb, Aonxeu rroKaflTbcfl sa cBolr
[polurbre uegocrofinue flpocrytrKil. IIr. rro3HaHlr.f, Eora, u [ocrrlxeHrrr, oH AoJrxeH rrocrorHuo WHo-
xarb cBor{ 3naHr{r, coBeprneHcrBoBarbc.rtr, ocutrIat ce6s, u BHe[rHe u BHyrpeHHe.
2. 3yxl Qu ryHt. 9nes rapnKara AonxeH orKa3arbcr or Mr,rpcKr{x 6orarcrn, JrlrruHero zMytrIecrBa Ir
6lar.
3. Tasarxyr alr-Arra. 9neH rapzxara AoJrxeH BceM cepAueu mo6urr Eora, rny6oKo It rrcKpeHHe,
or scei \yrolv, yrroBarb Ha Hero.
4.-Karcb. Co.nr,rr He AoJrx(eH ynrreKarbcr 6orarcrsoru n MrrpcKrrMz 6laramu, 6rnr repnenllBblM r{
nerpe6onarerbHblM, IoJIXeH AoBoJlbcrBoBarbct reM, qro rrocJraJl euy Eor.
5. Verar. 9nen rapurara 6oruuryo qacrb cBoero BpeMeHu AoJrxeH yKperrJrrrb crofi 4yx, BEytpeHHe
3aKiul{tcb u orrEtrIatcb.
6. Mynoguilaar a3-sr,rKp. Co,rzrc AoJrxeH Bcg BpeMJr rrpol,I3Hocr llMq Affraxa, llcrloJlHtrb 3rrKp Bo cJIa-
ry Aruraxa.
7. Tasaxxy alr-AJura. tlneu rapnKara Bce BpeMr, nceit csoeir ,4yrrofi, BceM co3naHrreM AoJrx(eH
6rnr o6parueHrrbrM x Eory.
8. Ca6p. Co;rur [onxeH us6aBr,nrcs or xrrBornblx rrHcrlIHKToB, rroxorJrl{Bbrx x(eJlanuft, 6nrr rep-
IIEJII,IBbIM.
9. Mypora6a. 9len rapl,IKara AoJI)I(oH flperoxpiurrb cBoro tryfiry or rcsrofi lar4zocrn, lls6aBrlTrc.f, or
r[ueMepr.r.s, xr,rTpocTr{ u ytrnrypenufi .
10. Puro. Conur Aocrr.rrHyB Eora, gorxeH cqr,rrarb ce6r guaroqnu A-unaxa (apu$).
Mrr y6exgaeMcr, qro 6onruuncrBo Bbrrrrenpr.rBegeHHbrx rrpaBr;rn (ala6onl cyuecrBoBarril v. B rrocJne-
Ayroqux raprrKarax (Accanux u Harru6arqlu).
Halxrvru,4uuu Ky6pa ocraBun rrocJre ce6s, raKue,qpiilorleuHbre rpyAbr, Hafitrcannbre na apa6cKoM r{
repcrncKoM r3brKax, rar '?ucarraa lr,vr lzyan:;uQar am-Ifl.aitx yn-Mvrfia Ba q\-Ianr al-Kt'pa" (uog
HoMepoM P 295/ XIX), "IIIapxu pr4curau. aga6 a:-:uxuprrn" (no4 nolaepou P 503/ X), Pucalaz IIIaftx

' Buwedutu[t uz Ky6paouu s W aerce mapuKa,rn Jlaxdtcaruua cr.flBarf, c utrteHetr Illancudduxa at-Jlantdtcu
(yn. I 506),Qtrc.C.Tpuueuzeu. CyQuilcrcue opderuu a l,Icnaue. Cmp. 56-57.
 HqAxullAuIlu" (uo,q rloMepoM P2213/XW). Dru llpor{3BeAeukrs. xpan5ffcfl B xp:lHr{rrurqe pyxonrucefr llu-
crl,Iryta BocroKoBeneHlas IlMeHq A6y Pafrxaua Eepynn AH Pecuy6-uurr Ys6extacraH.
Tenepr ocragoBr.rMcr Ha rBopqecrse Ha[xl{rlff/irlHa Ky6pu. E.S.Bepremc r3yrrnr pililzvubre pyKo-
rlr{cHble HcrotIIruKI4, ololn{ 25 py6au, [prlHanJrexalgre fiepy eroro cy{zficroro yqenoro. OH upuro-
AHr LIX s cBoefr crarbe "Py6au IIIafixa Ha,[xur,rAErana Ky6pa".l O4naxo, E.S.Eeprenbc lllarrrsr o crrop-
orrrx pfakr rrepy KFpa v, rra3brBaer raKue py6au
rn 25 py6au r.rgrecruuri rroor n yveHrrfi Vs6eK[craua [xa-
a yr6ercrui t3bIK, coxpruruB co3Byrrne, Ntx, pirlMep, p[+]rfy
crlrxoB IIIafrxa Ky6pa u BKJrmqr{Jr r4x B KHrrry ',333 pfiau,,.z
flo csereHztM AaHHbrx Bo MHorrrx pyKorrrrcrx rn nzrorpaQvflx, B co6panrux, trpoBoArtMbrx B xaHa-
KiD( 3rlaMeHnrux cyQrftcrnx Illafixor, cHaqafla Ha ceperlrHy Bbrxollln aBTop tr quiarr HapacrreB py6aa
cyQnficroro Afxa. 3arena nor aKKoMrIarIr,rMeHT npluruofr My3brKrr, zcnomrreuofr vryrrmaxraMu, [eBrlbr
rIeJrI{ erl4 py6all. Tarcrau o6pasou B cocrotHl{u nxy[-v-x]p)4g (cocrornue norrueuru) HaquHaercfl rrpo-
qecc cauo'a (clyilranno) u rocrelleHno 3zueH-{ncr xoJroM (cocronrue ercra.ra). Co6parurueo.r, noin"
HecKoJrbKI'IX qacoB eos6)DKAeHHoro v BoJrHyIoUero HacrpoeHvr BrraB B cocrorHne trxymy-xypyil
(orcra:), coBepmalor r4[eHEe (:rar<p). Sror npoqecc coBepmerr4s rra1ennl r cyeuftcron repfuzuffirzu
Ha3blBaercs "IapBqruaEu-sapxoll'. KoHeqHo, BbrIIrecKa3aHHbIe cawo'a, KoJr r4 xonoft, a raKxe npouecc
3rrKpa B pa3rlrrqHbD( Tapl{Karax ficrorurnc-s no-pzr3HoMy. Kar tnrreHrre CyQusua B A)a.oBuocrrr u I{ B
cauofr Kynbrype BocroKa, a raKx(e ero pa3rrrlrrnbre rapr{Karbr y Hac etrIe ocrarorct Herrq renubll\,rr{, TaK LI
Qopuu czlMo'a x:ua rl coBepIIIeHIrt rr4[eHr{r (:urpa), ocrarcrcr Ao cr,rx rrop He[I3BecrHbrMI,r /IJI1 Hac.
ogttzvt c.iIoBoM, B rlpollecce arr4Tar]lztv l'r ilpotraraHgbr cpegrr coJrr,rKoB orlpereneHHoro rapl{Kara
tr'tllcrefr, unellr'rfi olpeAeJleHHoro cy$ux, I{3 K;raccurlecroii tloo3lrrr Bocrora, raserl,I u oco6enuo -py6ryr,
cnyxilJll'r ocHoBHbIM cpeAcrBoM rrporlaraH.[bl. Tarlre Ber'rrrKne cyQun I4 MbrcJrureJlra Bocroxa, rar A6y
Caiiiua A6yl Xaftp, Ea6a Taxup Vpeu (Xaueqaun), Ba6a Kyxu rllspa3r.r, H4[xuu.q.qzu Ky6pa, Mag-
xlyAArIH EarAaIu, @apulyl,ulln Arrap r'l [xarrareAgr,rn Pyrun B cBoe BpeMt He roJrbKo KaK
)AeHbre cy-
$nz, no It B KaqecrBe 3IraMeHI4ITbIX, Moryqux ltooroB lmrcnuterefr ociasu.'ru BeJIuKoe xyroxecrBeHHo-
Jrl'ITep{lrypHoe IIacJIeAI,Ie' VraK, py6au B npolrr.rroM, B KaqecrBg caMoro 3HaMenr{Toro n mupoKo paclpo-
crpaHelrHoro cpeAlr Hapola BHra rloe3r{ra Bocroxa, firparr B{uKHyro ponb B pacilpocrpaHenuu cSreufrcrzx
ulefr. I4presHo rlooroMy, 3HzMeuvrble ) reHbre cypnu rrpotrrJroro 6rurlr enaMennrbr u nloOulair cpeAtr
Hapola, KaK BeJruKLre r,r cro6ogoMbrcJl;rlqrre floorbl.
foropa o rulrpoKo pac[pocrpaHsHHoM n cyQufrcrofi nossI'rrr py6an, cneAyer )moMJrHyrb, qro co3Aa-
EI'Ie uepBoro py6an cBt3ano c I4MeHeM Koponfl nepco-rq[xr,rrccroft noe3rru Bocrora - Pylar<z (X rex).
,4pyroft sHaN{elrrrufr yveurni Bocrora Paurn4ya4nn Barsar (XII ner) E.ulbrBzur py6an "ay6afrru;. X{nn-
tttwit n XII sere yveuslft rllTeparypore,4 @axpz44uu Pazu B KHr{re "Xoue yn-ylry" nucwt, o pa3Mepax
py6au:
"3naft,,py6al4 rrutrIerc-fl pa3MepoM xa34A)Ke, Koirr{rrecrBo 6axpon,3 c KoropbrMl,r rrr{rrrercg pfiau goc-
rvtaer 24".4
- O'IeHr
6onrrnue
xapaKrepHa crl{xorBopHar Qopvra cyQufrcrux rooroB. B rnpzre rrorrrr{ He BcrperrarcTct
Kacblrbl, qacro BclpeqarcTcrr ee HapoAHafl Sopua - Py6au, u rut"r ra3eJrb. flosm tt" ^"rp"ug-
cfl K flycroMy I'IcKyccrBy. klx lJpura flpocra r.r rrcKpeHHa, ona 6lusra K HapoAHbrM [ecHrM, HarroJrHena
rllBcrBa[4u BocIII{TargJrbIIoro, crpacrHoro, ToMI{TeJrbHoro oxl{AaHl,t.f,. Mecro ycnonuoft
crpacrlr B ABopIIo-
Bbrx csolictneuno rIorITr{ nceft cyQuftcKofr uosgull
Toro Bo BceM Mnpe". 5
r,r H4gxuugquua Ky6pa:
9yr zurq 6alwr pacv4, Ann AapI KlHa,[,
fiaplla.qznr,r MapA MapApo MapA KyHa[.
\ap oranu rrrnq xyA 6ucyzu Ba orrrox,,
Atsax tu 6apou AHrapoH capA KyHaA.

Cmp. 324.
rc lotdytu", 7. 19E8.
pffiJuepog ctpy3a
1913. Cmp. 163.
uda zyuanut,v. Tawrceunt. "(Dau,,, 1968. Cmp. Ig4-195.
 As urap6aru uurl1n rycr,uln MacryAa,
Ba su uarlu {zpoKlr rycr Autr rracr ruyla.
Aft noftu Quroga il{p Ba as Aacr uyla,
IIn uucr Iu)aa raH Ba Ar.il Xacr uyAa.
Ilafisacra a3 oH crrflcrrJltuy MzrapcaM,
3u on xarr.r xyu Ba ryriltry Mr{rapcrM,
Tapcugau dapKrr r(acr a3 rauu 6agacr,
Eevopa Miur a3 rraruMr{ - HyKy MuTapca}l
P;eu 6unu Mapo ry 6exon rarrrra,
Eap r<on6ylar'l xa[K xypyrrroH rarrrra.
Ty 6ap capu xoKr{ MaH Hwrrr.rHu, rlitu:
"Efi r5rorra ryF) MaH na rryrraftuoH ratrrra".

CafiSgguu M46g)'AAI,Iu
Ca'aA al-Eaxapsu ar-Farlaln
(yul658/ 126O n Eyxape) (yrur.6L6lI2I9)

E4gpng4ru (DzpAancu @apuaylaun Paguygqzn HqAxuzAAns Ca4pyqgun Aszs 6rH

ac-Cauapxangu Amap Asru-e Jluta ap-[afia II6paxnu
Myxauuaa (yvr.64211244) (yM.1256) (yvr.7322)
(yv'.122s) au-HacaQu
rp.Eaxpa6as (yv.66l | 1263)
|

H44xur.r4gttH Myxau- Axu4[ a,r-fypnaun

Mar (W. n [enu) (y:l,a. 669/1270)
I

Illapatpyunu Axu4[ Hypuaaun A6gypaxuan u-klc$apawnw.

6us .flxd an-Myraftpn ar-Kacuprcn (yu.7l7ll3l7)
(yu. l38o) Hypufra

I I

(DIapAancur Pyruuggl.lH A.ua-ya-,[ama ac-Craunanu

(Vln4ux, Buxap) (yv'736/1336)
I

Plxnr.rs Tarnyrluu Axn MaxMyI

Aru-e llycru MusI:araufi

Anr.r-Xauqlar.u 6uv
Maxadyplun
(pr. 786/1385)

AmpaQ flxaxaurzp vl*u* a,r-Xyrraranu XaNra.uaHfis

ac-CuuttalJ,u (ylr'826/1428)
(pa. 808/1405) I4rrunramlr.r

Ampa$ur A6gyurax an-E apsuma644r,r MyxarvrMag 6un A6lynnax

(VnN,s.) ar-Marrrxa{a an-Axcu-e Hlp6axm(yu . 8691 1464)

79
 I

Pauruxylauu 3axa6u:r (Illrapa:) Kacuu (Dann6axm IllarucygAun zur'Jl axu4xrz

Myxanauqg Hyp6axnrur (ylu..912/1506)
an-Eafi4arapu JIaxfinxus
I

Anra-an-EafiAaBapLr
I

Myxauuqq 6nll, Capprur

, a"r-Xuftynra6u
Xycafiu an-Xopeauu
,
fl'xy6 6uu an-Xacan al-Kanruupu,
fl'rcy6ux (l4nrux)

Tapy;xar Pyrclausr
flepeA reM, KaK roBopLITb 06 ocras[rtrreu r:ry6oxzit utegBvsrop:rLfl AQraullcrana s XVI-XVII rBe-
Kax, TaprrKare Stmanrar, cJrelyer KoporKo ocraHoBu'rbcr Ha -rrrrlqHocru oclroBareJrt groro rapr.ffiara Far-
suga Awcapr4, Ha Haqa;roM IrM I,I [poronxaBtrrr.rMcr rrpuMepuo rroJlTopa crorerr,r.s HapoAHoM
ABvxeHrrr,r
corlporl'IBrlellu-r ,{ennftcKoMy MaAblqecrBy, vr H oco6ennocrrx ororo AB[Ix(eHr{r. Hurepecno qro, KaK
ytBepxAalor aSraucrue, 6rtnnrne coBercKue u usluitcxr{e ) reubre, rapqKar Pytanur 6rrtr se roJrbKo
cy$ufrcro-nallcrl4rlecKlrM z SurocoQcKrrM .[BtDKeHrreM, Ho r,r r4MeBrrrnr s csoefr ocHoBe cKphrrbre Krilc-
coBsle rrHTepecbl, cIuIbHbIM, rrpolpeccr.rBHbrM, HapoAHbIM ABrDKelr[eM, npuHlrBtrrHM xapaKTep Harlr4oHrurr,-
no - ocnooogrrreJr b II o ro III;]1'x.]:FrUr. asraUqeu :a cro6o4y rI ]fr1saBPrCVTMOCTb.
9ro 6uro ltporpeccllBHoe IIapoAHoe ABLIa<eHHe, rrpzBo.quBrrree B o6rqecrseHuo-IrolruTr,rqecKoe BoJr-
HeHae crpaHy aQraHqer, orpoMlroro Kptur or Ararca 4o Ka6yna. Kouesso raxArrfr yrenrrfi-ucropur
nucasntwit rlcropnro aQrauqer roro BpeMerrrr He uor o6oftrr.r sro 6o;rnruoe o6ulesrseHHoe rBnxeHlre.
KaxruIfr aBTop roaxeu 6u,r BblcKa3arb cBoe [oJIoxLITerbHoe nnv orpllllareJrbHoe MHeHI,Ie o6 sror{ .{su-
XEHI{I,I.
EorrruruncrBo cpeAHeBeKoBbIX aQraucrrax r4croplrKoB c Herlprrt3lrbru or3brBaJrncb o ABr{x.eHr{r,r py-
rfaJd. , KaK o "uponoKaqzu 6es6oxnvKoB lr HeBepHrrx", HecrIpaBeAJItIBo ero \ynvnv u oqepgtlnu.
[o 40-x- 50-x ro4or ororo crollerl4f, B TaKHx crpaHax, xar AQraHLrcraH, flarucran i Vlttwtx lw-
x(eHIIe pytrIaHr.r TzlK)Ke orleHl4BaJrocb oTprrIIaTeJrbHO.
Iocne rr3rlanHoro s 50-x ro4ax XX croJrerr,r{, n Ka6y:re, rparrard uoxofruoro Ysnrerfl, KueuuAlz-
na Xq4uua "flupu P5ruraH", (Ka6yr, 1957 roy,) n AQranucrarre rr flarucrane rraqaJracb rerr,qeHrrlrr K
6onee o6rerrraeuofi oqenre AB[rxeHr4r pyrr]aHrr.
Bcraer :aronutrri Borlpoc: ecnl{ ABr{xeHHg pymauv cblrpiuo ilpotpeccnBHyro ponb r ucroplrr,r ae-
raHIIeB' TO [OrIeMy OrIo B TeqeHlre Aj]I{TenbHoro BpeMeHr{ ocyx,qilrlocb HeKoTopbIM}r peJIIImO3HhrMIr Kpy-
rauu? flonmraeuct orBerr,rrb Ha gror Borrpoc.
,{ruxeuue PymaHI.I, BblpilKascb cJIoBaN{LI $eoga,rrurrx KpyroB Toro BpeMeHII, "BBeprarlo B ouac-
Hocrb, pa3pynaro" uenylo crpaHy, craBr,rJro B TpeBolgoe rIoJroxeHI,Ie npe[craBlrreneft Iuecrnoro Seo-
AzulbHoro KJIacca rr BIIacrHbIe Kpyrtr .{elr,rfrcroro qapcrBa. Hltenno rlo 9TI'M, xopolllo HrrM I{3BecrHIrIM,
o6qecrnenno-lonl,ITl{qecKlrM rIpHtIIInala SarsraA Aucapu fl ero rloroMnil Ha cnoefr po4uHe, uoABepralllcb
QeogiumulrMl,I KpyraMfi ToHeTIILEM u 6l"l,:l;u x(ecroKo K&tHeHbr. flo srzu xe uorraruqecKr,rM rrpvqr,rH€114
r15l{e Qu-rrocoScxo-cyQuftcxue, orl{Ko-AtlEaKrlrqecKue rpyAbr Eaxzala Aucapu, rax 'Xafip yt-6atn",
*XarHaMa", "Eaxpar-ranrr6t4r",
"Maxcyr ya-Mylruunnt'' u "Cupan ut-Tauxttg", upaBrlqzMld KpyraMu
6nnru coxxeHbl H yuutrrox(eHn. Iloorouy, Hr4 B AQlanncrane, in v llarzcraue ue o6napyxriuro."s
pyxorrrrcHbre o6pasrqu rrimuauusrx pa6or.
Tolrrto r 50-60 rcAaM Hamero croJlsrlrf, s 6u6rr,roreKax pauluqlrbrx crpaH Mtrpa Harriuu o6uapy-
t(HBarbc.fl pyKorrr{cnrre Korruu rreKoropbrx BbrrlrerlzuBaHnbrx KHr4r. O4na pyronucr "xalgausl" 6bata uait-
,[eHa ,r3Becrurru aQrancKI,IM yqeHrru, npo@eccopoM Ca4uxylrtofi Pnrrrznou n 6u6ttuoreKe ropoAa

80
Ka,rrryrra tl,/trtyuu.r A pyxouucH)'ro Korruro KHr,rru "Xafrp yt-6{dn", r,rssecrHrrfi yteuufi r,r: Ilemarapa,
upoQeccop Mauono A6gyKalnp, HarrreJr s 6n6ruorer<e yur.mepcl{Tera ropoAa Tlo6ttHrena n fepuaHuu.'
C oco6ofi roplocrr,n cnelyer orMerrrrb, qro B 50 roAax ussecrumfi Poccuficxufi ]qeHblfr adprauolor
M.l.HelasoB rr3Azur n Mocree 6pouropy, uocBslrleHHyro .[Br.u(eHr,rro pyrrauu.'
B grofr pa6ore "Acrauos BrrepBble s 6rn[rekl Cosercro\,r coK)3e" u soo6ue B Mr,Ipe BcecropouHe tr
rny6oro Hayquo rrpoauann3vpoBiur ABr{xeHile p}4rraurr rr AoKa3uur qro ero ABHx(eHI{e 6ruro uo xapaKrepy
rrporpeccvBurrM IBIr)KeHrreM HLIIqux AexKaH (pycrau), 6rn[rrar\a no o6uecrseHHo-uolurrttecKtrM rrpuqu-
HaM Toro BpeMeHr{ rroA peJrzruosuo-ronQeccuoHnofi o6oaocroft. On rarxe .{oKa3aJI, cro oro 6sL,'Io
ABr.rxeHr.re HapoAa (penururoenorc v cyQuircroro coAepxanulr), uoccraeurero [pornB MecrIIbIX Seogaror
u .fleru1ft croro BJraJIbIqecrBa.
K 60 roUarrl, u AQranzcraHe r4 flarzcrane Haritufi4 tl31ar;arbcs.6pomlopu [I crarbrr o6 o6uecrseu-
HO-rIOJrr4TI{TIeCKOM XapaKTepe ABrrXeHHf pyrXaHI4.
3[ecr urr r{MeeM B Br{Aypa6otrr, [ocmlrleurrbre ocBelrleHlrro rex vrv vlnbrx BorlpocoB ,uBr{xieHrrt
pylrranu, TaKux yrrenbrx, r<ar Mauono A6gynr44Hpa, XaQu: Myxauu4[ A rgylrlAnyc KacuMn', Caug
Tarnuuyrxax Karaxefi"rr6 u: Ilegrarapa, rraKr4craHcrr,rft y.renrrfi gorrop 3yxypyauwnT, adraucrufi y.reuuft
upo$eccop C44uxy:ua Puuruno u Apyrux.'
B rururax "Tapuxr,r MJpaccab" A$:anxoua Xarara, "Xairp yldaxru" Bacsuila Aucapn u "Maxgau-
yl-ucrau" Axyrga ,[apne:n Aaprcr o,qr{HaKoBbre cBelenr,rfi (ue cvrarar MeJIKLIx geranefi), o 6uorpatpuu
ocHoBare"ru ABrrx(enr{r pytraurr llzpu Pynraua (6arsr,rna Ancapz), o ero npeAKax u IIoroMKax, a raKx(e
I4X ]IE TEJIbHOCTU.
Eassna, Aucapz poAr.rncr r
931 roqy xnAx(pr (1525) B ropoAe .fixaraugap s IIeAxaIa. Ero oreq Ka-
:u A6,qy.n:ra npvHarnexaJr K rureMeHrr ypMyp n 6rlst caMbrM na6oxnrru qenoBeKoM B oKpyre. A ero ua-
repbrc 6rl,ra Aosr Xo4xra A6yuarpa - x(eHtrIr{Ha rro uMerrn En6z Aunna. Oreq o6yvnn Eacsr.rAa BceN,{
ucTopuqecKr4u, pelrurv.o3HbrM, o6nlecrseHHo-Sunoco$cKr,rM HayKaM roro BpeMenu. Oreu xoreJl Bblpac-
TI{Tr cbrua troxoxr.rM Ha ce6 , Kzr3LIeM r,r na6oxlrlru eJroBeKoM.
Errsmetwy c AorcrBa crLrIoHHbrM r
cro6ogovrbrcJrrrK), nnSrqeuy HoBrI3Hy (4xr4gar-nucang), cMblm-
JreHoMy, [poHrrrlareJrlHoMy rr yN[HoMy Ea-u:rzgy BoBce He FrpaBr'r.[oc6 peMecno (ra:zr) u xlr3Hb orlla.
r
Ilpe4auuufr Cy$urvry MM, Wo1tilT BMecre c co6ofi EassrAa I4u4uro. B [4fl!:uu Baszur 6rzsro 3HaKo-
Mrrrcfl c o6uecrseHnofr xlsutro lr o6lrqasMn r-rMomHr,rx HapoAoB, r.rHTepecyercs roclo.qcrBoBaBIIIItMI,I B
ro BpeMr B xr{3Hrr r.rnAuficroro Hapo4a pa3JrrrrHbrMz o6uecrseuno-Qr,uocoScruuu, cy{ruficrutul{ Teqe-
Hrrsurl. B Vlnauw ou npr.ro6pur 3uanvs, cyQuficro-SnrocoQcroro yqeuut rauacyx (nepecoreune AyIIr).
flo cse.qeuurM ,[aHHbrM AQ:a,'rxauou Xarar<ou, Earsv.q Ancapra HscKonbKo pa: 6nn u Cavraprange g. B
lpyrux ropoAax rr KrrrlnaKax Marepannaxpa.tu

1
C. Puwmuu "!t Maii Pyu,ton "XonHoJt4a". X(ypnan "Ka6yn', 1964 zod, anpenbcno-.rnaficruilHo.Iilep.
t Ha ocuoee emoil pyxonucu, KHuea "Xaup yn-6uan" 6otna nodeomoenena rc asdauuto yqeHbtJvt us llewaeapa Xa-
Myxaualou A6dynrcydycou Kacuuu u usdana ma-tu, 6 1964 eody.
tQus
M.f.Acnauoa. pywaHu u ezo ornpail{,eHue 6 aQteaucrcoil numepanxype XVI-XVil ee. "CoeemcKoe aoc-
fleuxeuue
morcoeedeuue", Mocxea, 1958. gmom mpaKman', 6otn usdan e Ka1yne H.a nywftiyHcKo.l4 a3uKe, e eude om.detortoil.
6powr<tpw, 6 c63su c npoeedeuubtrt mcw e 1974 zody Eanuly Aucapu. ",[r PywanuEuy 'uwmuil uagant". Jluxyu-
rcail Ycrnod Acnauoe. Mymapxuu Mytmaaad. Ilammy myraHa 1353 xudxpuu.
a
Ilpeducnoette K KHu?e "Xailp yLt. 1967. Cmp l-16.
5 Beedeuue, HdnucaHHoe x dauuoti rcnuee "Xatip yn-danu". Otna omdentuaa 6poutropa nocstuleHHa,v Baa:zudy
anrcapu u aH&nuiy ezo QunocoQcrco-cyQuilcxozo nle4eHun, usdaua 6 Ka4ecrn6e acrnynneHu"s x dauuori xuuee. IIe-
uta6ap, 1967. Cmp. 1-92.
o
64 cmpauurauoe eeedeuue HunucaHHoe K KHaze "Maxsau yn-ucno,Lr" Oxuuda /lepeeau. Ileutaealt, 1969 zod.
7 "nupu Pywaru Eaasud Aucapuil". Oma uayuuo uccnedoaamentcrcan padoma cH.a4ana 6una usda,ua Ha cnrpanru-
4ax ?asemu "Ilarcucman martnc" e eude ?pynnu. cmameil, Omo ucccnedoeauue doxmopa 3axpydduna 6uno nepe-
eedeuo Mynaxap cunz Eampoit Ha nyunxyHcrcuil .ngotrc u usdana e deyx Holnepax )KypHCLnd "Ka6yn". 1964, uapm-
anperb (Cmp 30-37) u anpent-tcril (Cnp. 9-25).
8 "na Mue Pywaru
Xatmaua", ,KypHar, "Ka6ya", 1964, anperc-uail. Cnzp. 1-8.
o "4u Pywau ad" Co1pauue cmannert npo4unxduHux e 1976 eody e Ka1yte u.a Metcdyuapoduou ttqy4no.M ce.l.tu.Ha-
pe, noclflu,tennou Eaasady Aucapu. M.C.Pyxu. Pyu.tannutcaudana (pywauoeedenue). "Kadyn", Ns l-2 A.H.P.A.
1367 xudxpa. 3.Xueadnot. Myxaucuuuz rvraH.cyp puco-nacu. Kabyn. Ilaurmy mynaHa, 1367 xudxpu. M.A.Kapzap.
,Q'o daasud Pyu.tau upQanuilae QancaQuit4epant, "Xatuoua" xe A.PID.A. Ka6yn. 1396 (1991).
" AQzanxau Xanmx. Tapuxu u.Mypaccab. Cnry. 515.
81
 Eaggu c ,[ercrBa qI,ITaer MHoxecrBo KHnr o rrMeBrrrux Mecro B panHbre BpeMeHa na Bocrore o6rqe-
crreuuo-$unocoScrux reqeHltfix, o pil3rr.rrrHbrx cyQuftcrr{x rapr{Kariu(. On ua.r[Haer KpI{TI,IqecKH
cMorPer[ BoKp]T; Ha cylqecrB]rorrlyo o6rqecrrenuHo-rroJrnrr{rlecKylo xH3Hb.
BrIBuIItfr or rlpllpoAbr WHrIM H npernpI,IHMrrHBlrM Batzug, par6ygurr HapoAgbre Maccbr,
uoAHtrb ltx co3lJaflve c rloMonlrrc cyQullicKo-MncrurlecKlrx HayK, "rupaercr
rroKa?arb HM uparu.rnuuli [yrb, To
ecrr 6rrrr 'Xas1u". on,xopomo IroHllMaer, rrro eAnHcrBsHHbIM flyreM 'wzyeficrnux Ha IIIupoKI{e Maccbl
TpyAtluuxct' Korophle 6rnu n ro BpeMfl )trHereHrIBI, orcrzurbr n s" zol"nl,r c$opuraporaBruerecr o6qecr-
BeHHo-HaII[oHaJIbHoro co3lralll{fl, 6lur nyxonno-Ml,Icrvqecruft nyrr,, CyQrasvra. Eagsvil caMocroqrerbHo,
B
coBepllrgHcrBe I43)qItB apa6crcuil, nepcugcrufi u un1uftcrufr rguxu gHaKoMrrrcr c
Harr[canHbrMr4 B IIpo-
rruroM Ha eTrlrx r3brKax sunocoQcr<o-06lqecrreHHbrMr.r, oTr4r TplaaMr{, I{syiur
Kopan, xa,quchr r,r HecKorbKo ApyMX TpyaoB, ornoctuuxcs K
Aocrr{ragT Taroro
ypoBrrt' KorAa Mor 3aMellarb HeAocrarKLI v vr3\fllc.r,r y6exgenrafi [r AorM KpyrrHbrx cyQnfrcxux yrregbrx
TOIO BpeMeHn, Lr MOr ocHoBblBaurcb Ha JrorrrKe ucnpaB,,tsTb.
Ear:nA Ancapr.r rroJrHocrBro orJIaBIIrr{cb ce6s- MorurBar\{ rr acKerr{3My, BHyr_
peHHe 3ilKur\ucl, coBepllreHcrByer cBolr AyxoBHhIe KaqecrBa. Ilpoftar qepe: TaKr,re erarrbr
rapvrara Fy-
maEtvlfl, ocHoBaHHbIe C:IMHM CyQu:vrorvr, KaK TapI.IKar, xaKlrKar, uarpuQar, ryp6ar, BacJIar, BaxAar, cy-
K)mar' rlplrHrrMaer uur Ear:ng Mucrrau (Baraug Eegnrrfi). flocne sroro ero ciopouunru u c.rry[rare.[rr,
HaqllHa"Ior Iltl3blBarb ero flnplr KaMIrr (Coeepurenuntfi ur,rp, nyuurufi uacraruur).
Bo uMs 'Iocruxeuus Aluaxa" oH rIflTB ner rrpeAaercs 3arBopHuqecrBy, 3areM nocrerre5rro HaquHa-
er flponiraHnHpoBarb cpeAl4 1ttusxux 1rcAefr (xeua, Aerl,r, coceAu), cyQuitcKr,re AorMbr cBoero rroBoro
TerleHrl[ PylraHur. .[orvr'I 6ax:r,rga Ancapz 6rrrr.r ceoeo6parurru cySr.rficro-nauTerrcrr.rqecKnM
JAreHueM,
To ecrb yleHrteM Bax,qarl'I BlAxlE', roropuft 6nru upncuoco6neu r 6ury, MbrrrrJreHrrro aQran roro Dpe-
Meldu uI K MecrHbIM ycnoBruIM. flocteneuRo r ASrauucraHe yBennquBaerc.f, KoJrr4qecrBo ero Mypr{IoB H
cTopoHHrrKoB.
fleprr,Ina [porllBurct AorMaM Bas,suila ero ore[-Ka:u A64ylna. Jllo6rqr,rfr nouu:uy u se trc6srllltfr
cnerroro ttoAqageHur crapbrM o6uuaf,ru, Bayrznl HI4KaK He Moxer rrpufiru K corlarlreHltlo co cBoLIM or_
AOCTr{IaIOT TaKOIo yp0Brur, q
IrI{ oH 6r,ul usrttaH u: csoefi
Ka6yna.
ilBTopI{TeT, KOJIIIqeCTBO ero
TaKxe Wetud'{uBaercs. K Eaflsu,4y Aucapu orur sa ApyrrrM uplrxopT r{3BecrHbre trupbr, Ilfafixu Ir Mrop-
IrrI'IAI'I (Ayxonuue HacraBHzKlr), uro6u 6ece;larraz Ha peJlurao3rrbre rr cyQuficro-nancr.HrrecKl,Ie reMbr yKo-
porrlTb ero flopbrB. Ho rce oHIr B crlopax ri AncKyacu;.x ycrynr,rB eluy, 6e:naonBuo yxoAr,rJru. Vssecrsifir n
To BpeMr He roJrbKo B crpaHe lyrxrygoB, Ho t4 cpeAr.r HapoAa Hn!.uu, rpynnrrfi pe!,rrtruro3gbrfi gelrelt
$xyu ,{apre3a raKxe Bcryrrfin B rucKyccrno c Earsragou Aucapu, Ho He uo6elrrrb ero B crrope.
3arer'l A*ytta \apnesa, ouycrrlBlllncb HI{xe cBoero troJroxeurzr, Be3Ae xynnr"ror r,r oqepflrer Eaxzuga, o6iu-
Hter ero n 6ez6oxuu, crapaercs uo.qopBarh ero arl'opr.rrer. .(axe c q"alrc ero
QnsuvecKoto yHfiqroxe-
HI{.f,, BhlHocrrr HecKo.rrbKo pa3 Qerry.
Cle4yer yfloMsHytb, vro ugeriuo-rlorT_Itrrrrlecraft npornsHr.rx Farsu.qa Ancapm, oArrrr z3 KpyrrHbrx
peJlr'I[ro3Hbrx Aexrenefr cBoero BpeMeHIr, 6nrasrar r< .(orzricroMy rlapcrBy nzqnocrb A^ynA
flapneaa, o
trporl'IBoBec KHHre 'Xafip yr-6aflH", Ilzpa fonrana; ilvrfier Krrriry "MaxsaH yr-ncraut". b uton pa6ore
oH KJreBerlla na Bas:[Aa Aucapu, Ha3brBaer ero 'helrurru uupolra", "neBepHbtvt", "eperl4Kou,', rati Man-
gaxe o6r,uutt, o6srrsaet ero "galquruuKoM rrep-
ogeeM", Axyrq ,[apre:a n gpyroft cgoefi pa6ore
Pyuaua "lpoKrrflrlrM" r,I Becb aeraucxufr HapoA
Be3a, Bhlpilx(zul HeraruBHoe orHorIIeHHe K Earsuny
r{o3Horo 4erre.nr C (IIup Ea6a)
il.Iflrer: "VIs+a HeBexecrBenHocrr,r rr Herp{rMorHocrr{ aerancxrax yrreHbrx r,rJrbHbl HeBe-
x(ecTBo u ileccprMl43M; B eroM rraPoAe ualo
6naroqecTvlt.,4o6po4ere,nl{ lr HpaBcTeeHHofi rrrloroTbr. OAna-
XAbI o[Ea uz pa6or ororo rpoKrulroro (Bar:ug Ancapra - O.y.) .{orrlra go kaspara IIIafrxa A-tu Teplue-
ru' IlpovuraB ee, Pa3rHeBaBIIIrIcr, [LIp cKa3zrn: "B eror a{rlancrufi HapoA.rp"ruiu 6onrurac 6ega,-.2 '

. T CM' ,Ce.
21W.1'.\9nean.
Mucmuvecxutr u ipatocofucrcuil o6pas llupu Pywaua e mpyde "Xqrm,atta". AH. pA. Ka6y.n, 1991.
Cmp- 27.

82
 OAnaxAn rpyuuufr ryrxryrrcKnfi pe;rur'uosuufr Aesrerb MyJIna Maanono 3urpur, Bo BpeMJI cflopa !I
IncKyccfirr c flllpn Pynanorra rrepeA HapoAoM, 3a,qaIl eMy raxofi BoIIpoc: "kluorAa rbl 3aIIItMaeIIIbct
[yc-
TocJroBr4eM HanbrBar ce6l "raur{ y.n-ryny6" (orrprnarelr g1rlr). Craxll-ra Bassnn, rlro y MeHr cell'Iac
a gyme? Ecnu rrr cMox(errrb cKrnarb rrro y Merur Ha cepAIIe, .a HeMeAJIeHHo craHy rBoItM uypuAoll. Bar-
, I Ancapa orBegat, cKazuri "MaBroHo, ecnu y re6s. dsfiro 6rI n rpylu cepAIIe, r 6H crasafi qro B HeM'
K coxauleHlrxl, B rpyAl{ y re6r He ceP,4IIe, a KycoK rttscd'.
Mamono 3uipa pa3rrreBaBurlrci o6paruJrcr K rIoAtM: "9fi vrycylr,Maue, ceftuac xe y6efrre MeHs H
rcrpofire MrIe rpy[b, ecJr]I raM ecrb cep[qe 6esxalocrHo Ka3HI{Te Baszufta, ecJr[ TaM Her cepAIIa He
tpoiufrtr Saszuiir.". Eue EassHA Pyman cKa3a[ Mannono 3urpu.r: "Tbt sto Ha3bIBaeIIrb cepAIIeM? To, o
rreM Tbr roBopurrrb He cepA(e, a KycoK Msca! Tarofr xe rycolc Mf,ca rbl Moxellrb laainu piBpe3aB rpyAb
rrHsHKa urrrr reJre5Ku. ki6o, ionopun Pacy:rz aKpaM (flpopox Myxauuau), 4a 614er Ha[ HIIM MLIP,
^ur
cep,qqe Ilpanonepnoro MycynbMaHrrHa sr,rffe ue6ec, flItrpe selauofi fioBcpxHocru. LI ceplua BI'IAtr Apyr
Apyra, ro ecrb oura ao6piI H xuuIocrJII{BbI .qpyr K Apyry."l
EassuA Ancapu B cTpaHe aQrauqen BBqrr HeKoropue peQopMbl coU[:ubHo-oKorloMl{rlecKoro xapaK-
repa. flo ero y6eiaeur,r{ "A-rmix, na caMoM AeJre, co3naJl Bcex paBHbIMtI, noeroMy Bce TIIoAI{ 6eg uc-
KJrlorleHrrfl paBHbI". Ea'flug ne 6rur Iloxox Ha HeKoropbrx x(aIlHbIX II iurrlHbn( AyxoBHbIx EacralBrII{KoB'
Koropbre Apa,Tr,r y MyplrroB pzrrrrnqHbro Hiurorur u rpc6oia,u4 AeHbrI{ Ba ucraMcrBo. B sro BpeMt r ASra-
Hl,rcraHe rr3-3a xrirpocrefr u yJIoBoK MHoroqncnenuux Salrarurlnblx AyxoBHbIx IOII]JrI'IH I{ 3eMerlbHblx
c6opou, rhrcarrr4 nrcleft (6eguue, Hnrl\rre aQrauqrr, ropIIbI, 6enyaxll I'I Apyrue uleueua) rpyfluaMl{ c"turr4
Bcryrlarb B ptlrrl cropoHHlrKos Eatsu,qa.
Tar, qz"no Eaf,snqa Aucapu 6ucrpo yBeilarllrBaercfl Ir ero reqeHl'Ie crarloBlrrct 6olee
"roporro"nos
Moryqr,rM r AQrauucraue.
Ballrrt1 ocyluecruun HecKoJrbKo coquarrbHo-eKorroMllllecKllx, KyJrbrypHo-6rtrosrrx lrsN{eHeHuIZ B
xrr3Hl{ MycynbMaH.
Halpnr*lep, Alrr orMeHr,r 6rtronanneii r ro BpeMrI AorMbI o roM, vro "flonyveHve yAoBoJIbcrBI.{t or
urnp"rnx^6nur, npae4ruKoB rr My3brKr,r flwlselcs. rpexoM". Baszul onen peQopuy: "Mue rrpulrrJlo Bloruro-
qro (clyuauue uy:uxu) cocrorrr r{3 rpex qacreft. Kro clyluacr myr (cyP}a) r crpacru r
""ri"", "aaoi
6otarcrny, gro - rrecoMHeHHo, xaparrl (ueuncrstfi, 3arlperlenHbrri ruapnarou), rro cnyuaer cypyl B crpa-
crrl K palo, eror cypyg sB[rercr'ua6oxoM, To ecrb rloqereH, u KTo B crpacrl'I r Bory, c rtoSossrc no-
arrx"nur ero, c Am*or B cepAIIe cnytrraer cyplA, To gror cypla sBJrflercr xanon (Aognonennrrft lua-
pnatou)".
Kax Mbr BrrAI{M, Earsug Ancapz rtporpeccltBnuru cyQuftcKo-MlrcrllrlecKl{M ctloco6ou, MacTepcKI4 Ii
roruqecKlr cMor lloKa3arb Ao3BoJleHnoclb HacJraxreHllr uysnmofi, TaKIIM o6pa:ou, oupoBeprllyB crapyx)
peaKIIHOHHyIO Aoruy, oH Mot BepHyrb JIX)4[M cBOeIO TeqeHltfl TaKOe yAUBI{ToJIbHOe HaCna)uIeHI',Ie KaK
My3brKa.
Koue.rHo, Hg clyvarinocrh, I:(lrs rrcAeft xorb rleMHoro 3HarctrIux rlcropflrc Cytpnerraa. Hexoroprre
sro
Kpy[Hbre 1]faftxu 11 AyxoBHbre HacraBnrrKn xeJlaf, AoBecrI{ croz ldexgenn-t Ao IIIEpoKItx ugefi', wapa-
lutr 6onrne rroBlrr,rrrb Ha cBotrx clymarelefr u cAe.rrarb 6olee [p[rr{rarenbHbtMt4 cBoI{ IIpoIIoBeAlt.
Hecuorp.r Ha To, rrTo cJl)flraHrre My3bIKlr r,r [eceH [poT[BOpeqIIJIO HeKoTOpbIM oTCTaJIbnM yKa3aHILrIM B
V1ctavi, HeKoropbre [porpeccuBnue cySzu, c rleJlbro 6onee uy6ororo BHeApeHHt cBol{x rlqefr s Maccbl,
BBeJTI{ CaMOA, IpIIMeIUIII{ ero, AOKa3aB el'o TeopgTltsecKa I{ flpaKTl4qecKl',I'
Taxxe, Bo BpeMfl ncex co6panufr y batzuga Axcapr,I vrpara IvDRbIKa, I{ y Bcgx ltoAefi 6nuto lptl-
tIoIHtTOe It Bgceros HacTpoeHHe.
Mrr gyuaeu, rrro cJreAynulufr orpuuoK r{3 MonoAblx ner 6ypnofi rr BorHylonlefi xuzttu Fassv,ua AH-
caprr, AoKa3brBaer, qro oH 6rt,. roprvefr, xusnepaAocrnoft u o6arrenrnofi rua'IHocrnm- Dtor orpblBoK
uirn us Ha.rarofi Agcapu r{ 3aKoHqeHuoft, ognuu I,I3 ero }^IeH[IKoB, Alz MyxavrMa.qoM Myxnncora, -
pa6orn (na lepcugcroi .rsnre) 'XarrnaMa". AQrancrufi yuenufr nllreparyporel flycr MyxaMl'rag _IIIuu-
Baprr B npeA1acJroBnrl r "Tparrary 3uauufr" Eausspia Ancapu, roBopt o 6onrmou Ilnpu Pyma-
-nrrwtHrl.r,r
Ha IIa KyJrbTypy, Ify3DrKy, rro33r{ro II Tarrqbr rryIIITyH, IIpLIBOAI{T 0TOT FI,IBIITeIbHbII'I OTpbIBOK Ha nyIIITyH-
-'Kar
cKoM r3brKe, rrfirercq s "XarHaMe", Alrax ueApo AapoBaJI flvpu gacrrupy (Iluptl Pyllauy) cron
CTpaCTL U .:1o6OSr. KorAa MoIo[bIe IIoA I{y3bIKy TaHII9BaJIII, [IIp roxe upnil1 TaHIIe-
eair sMecre c 1girt6kt. Ognaxgnl B IoMe VXgn A6[,y[an (orqa Pyuaua) cblHa
- aMMa['
nro4u co6par[rrrcb BeceJrwrvcb. B oro BpeMJI MoJ]oAbIe uog My3bIKy Haqzun TaHIIeBarb (arau). Kas[ 46-

t Eaagul Arucapu. "Xaup y'r-6unn". Ilewaeap, 1967. Beedenue. Cmp 12.

83
 lynna rXoAXa Idcvaust (nacrarnur Pyluaua) Toxe crrAeJrv s srofr KoMHare. IIpu ruge riurqyroqux,
DIa3a GI'IAsuIeto pflroM c HI{MI4 flupu PylraHa HarloJlnf,Jrncb pa[ocrbro, a cep.{ue nocroprou. I,tr ellu ero
cepAIIe xoreJlo raHrleBarb' To pa3w ero "OcraBb ero 1e.no, pasae K nguy cbrHy
-y,{epxuBafi roBop-s:
Irrarixa v K?.3r4, TaHIIeBarb cPeAIa Iuorolrx'i B BpeMrr s*a"a roBoptrT caMoMy ce6e: .Eclu Alrax
AapoBaJr MoeMy capAqy roptrlyrc nro6onr, "ro
ed cxprrrarb, r AoJrr(eH no6oporr crrr/I M orKp6rrrr cBolo
Ito6orr!" 3areu oH cKa3arl HacraBHI{Ky Xolxa _3aqeM
Lrcianny:':nup uoli, B MoeM cepArle Kr,IIIIir xeJIarIHe
H, ec;rrr fl 6yqy raHl1eBarb,,. Xopomo sHasuzfi
VlcMavil, o6parunuzcr r Ka:n A64ynne, n:r,_
a3rneBaBrrr[cb KpI4rI[T Ha oKpyn<arolllnx: .,I,fu nanrefi
ceMbrl Ao clrx flop HIIKTO eIIIe Hs ranqenal! Ecnu rro coBeplfir.rr
oio 6espacclqit*o, oH orro3opur Haury
ceMblo, uup caxu6!". 3ateu Earsng yrlaB K HoraM orqa, upocx
rrpotrIsHr4s, roBopr4T: ,.oTeq, ^""40, ,o"
cepAIIe Bor-Bor JIorIHer, .f, He Mory 6ollnre nrrgepxatr" . ktzu
A64yrua .o""bu Kpgrrr,rr: . Ecnu rrr
craHellrb TaHIIeBarb c grl{Mrr MoJIoAbrMI4, s lzso6src re6-s csor4r4 rocoxoM!" "
Bn-ssr,rA orrriu 6pocrarrn1rcr r
EorilM orUa, yN{onter ero: "Oreq, crPacrb no6opoaa uegr! V MeHt
He ocrzt;1ocb r"pnerr!', Ore,,
Bce-TaKH' IroHeBoJIe [orHtJI I'oJIoBy. 3areu Batsur KperIKo B3rB pyrz
B crofi Meq, "ul
Bbrrrlryn 11x, B6[rp.s-
r
MI{BIIr-}Icb, crpacrHo c paAocrbrc lrpvcoeAflHr{llct K TaIrUyIotrIt4M
cHnbHbIM rI BeceJntl,t 1xurllrau',.t
Erqe xaparrepHo ro, rrro B rorMe Eas:uAa AHcapz'o paBencrBe r,r 6parcrre,
oco6oe ,nu""n"" ,rp"_
Aasrce npo6neue paBeHcTBa xeHIIII'rH lr MyKrr[H. n upotznonoJroxnocrb peJlr,ril,Io3HbrM
.uotMaM w o6w-
siLtM Toro BpeMeHI{, cpeAlt MypqAoB It cropoHHl4ror Eamu,qa 6rr,co
rnoro xeHIrIr,rH n 4enyuex. B ro
BpeM'I B crpaHe [ytrrryH Ir B Apyrux o6lacrqx xrr3Htr, xeHIIrrrHbI
HapaBHe c MyxrluuaMrz B9JIH aKTI,IBHyro
AetTeJrbHocTb.
Clegyoque crpoKI'I ua 'Xafip yr6anua" Molyr cn)rrKr4Tb roKa:rareJrbcrBoM Bbrrrre[erox(eHHofr Mrrc-
JTTI:
"EolbtrIzucrno nroAeri no.qofi.[r r Eatsupy, Bece,ro Ir p4rocruo rIeJIoBaJrI{
ero gJreAbI, noqritruulu ero.
B rar<ori 6rt rz'rnar< He rlpu'''en 6ar:nA, xeHtrIHI.Ibr Il 4eryrnru BbIXoArrJIn K HeMy, Hecg Ha fl-rleqax
KyBrIrrrHbI c nogori n c pa,qocrbro rleJrrr recHz. B grzx recrurx
BocrleBaJrct EaszEI,,.z
Taxuu o6pa:ov Earsug Aucapn rrocer[IJl Tzpax, Eyrup 14 Bce ocrarJrlurre pafronbr,
rAe )KIrrByr roBo-
cKLIX IIJIeMeIIIU(, KZIK XAJII4II, MOMaH,U, lan14Sati,
TaKvx MHoroqncreuHbrx ffreMeH, KaK a$pu_
HeHLrs.
b B caMyn MoryqecrBeH\w caxy ror1) EpeMeHrr B
6Ho rpeBoxzrr, BJlacrrlTenefi fleualapa, K.a6ylcrlrx
Mecrubrx eeo4anor, KpyrrHbrx penumo3Hbrx Aerre_
reu v peaKrlldoHHbrx rrpelcraBl{reneri AyxoBeHcrBa.
Kar uonecrByerctBo Bcex KHr'rrax rro rlcroprlu fiylrrrynoB r.r B KHnre "Tapuxu Mpaccar,,, pa3gofJla-
cr'It MexAy pytuanufrrlauu v r4x rlporlrBHl{Kavru (rrtecrurre
Qeo4a,rrr, HeKoropoe orcrulloe AJxor}eHcrBo rr
ro ypoBHr, qro MexAy
rrlrMr,r [polrcxoAflT Boopy-
cy6alap Ka6yta c.rapaercs,, rtpuMepHo c rrrrHa_
anu. Mexly Hr{Mlr B TeqeHI{e HecKoJIbKtrx Jrer [po-
trcxo,qxr KpoBorlpoJrl'Irrrlre 6oz' Hanpr.ruep, s 6om upotr3omeAtrreM B Mecruocril Arasnyp
noticxa getmn-
cKoro [paBr,rTeJlt TepnrT flopaxeuue..
Ec:rr raxue'retr{brr KaK ABI4x(eHve p:llrr:a:a:aen, 6r,rrunr v cpaxielr4l MexD/ HuMu u,{ennicxrna qapcr-
uou, oco6enHocrli cy$nlicrr'rx B3rnf,AoB (nax.qaru uanxyg) fussulu Rucapu; noqsrrnrtrzrics
s XVI-XVII
BeK Cyelr:u u ero orJrrr.r.ils. or nporrurbrx apa6cxux crpan, Xopaca_
HA, a a VIrtAuu, o Koropbrx Mbr He HMeeM fllarb rroApol:rro's pui**
]IAH
Brrule, Mr,I JrI4Irrb KoporKo ocraIIoBI,IJrI{cb Ha HeKoropblx acrreKTuu( [porpeccuBnoro o6qecrBeHr{o-
IIoJIItrzrIecKor'o ABIIxeHVg', cBssa]dldoro c I{MeHeu EarauAa Aucapr.r Ir Ha HeKorophrx orpblBKax r,r3 ero
ouorpaQlrn.
Tenepl KopoTKoM paccKaKr{ o roM, KaK H c K:lKIrx no:ruqr,rfr oIIeHeHo
ABv:xefl:lte pya1i16u B KHr{re
'Tapuxu r\trWpaccal" AQ:a;rxana Xaraxa.

' Eassud Aucapuil "Tparcmam e.a.auafl" nodeomoerca, rc usdanwo u npeducloeue lycm Myxa,uada llluueapu. Ka-
rua6ap, 1967. Crnp. 22.
Banzud Ancapu", rrqpHaJt "Ka6yil'. 1964 eod, ,btnycK anpem-uail. cmp. 14.
84
 B naqane cneAyer orMerllTb, vro A$ralxaH Xarar r
csoefr pa6ore orpullareJrbHo or3blBaerct o
Bo3gr.rKrrreM s XVI-XVII serax n AQralrncrane SznocoQcro-cytpufrcKoM reqeurlrr noA pyKoBo,qcrBoM
Ea.{eula Aucapu, Koropoe no csoefi cyrz 6ruro BecbMa nporpeccl,IBHblM AJUI a$raucrofi lleticreure'urHo-
cru rofo BpeMeHv. B neroroprx Mecrzlx pa6orrr "Tapuxl,t Mypaccar" aBTop ceryer Ha ABI{xeHI're pyma-
HueB \t Ha3LIBaer ux zAefirroro JIIrAepa Easrua Aucapu "flrlpta TapuK". '
B csoeft pa6ore "Tapuxu uypaccat" oqepHxx ABr{x(eHIre pyrltiruu, oB IzuKe rIHIIror; "I{3-3a roro'
qro 6onruruH"iso aipranuee n ,o rpeur 6rlrtr HeBexecrBeHHbI; oHu rloil,'Iil sa Ea[gvIoM AHcapH"z, H
orBoparrr,rBascb or ciraBbr rryrIITyHoB Toro BpeMeHIt, ucflonb3yer tpparu 34AeBalort[fie Irx caMoJllo6ue, vl
TgM caMbIM rroKa3brBaer, qro rre rroHJIJr cyrb nporpeccltBuoro ABIIxeHI,II Eaxsu,qa Ancapu, Bepnee, Hexe-
1a1fie 11olttrb ero, B KarlecrBe rlpe[craBl,ITent cBoero KJIacca. Era oqeuxa, KoHeqHo, IlpoucxoAltna KaK
pe3yn6Tar 1fres]fr./ltrrrjf, o6ulec'rseHHo-ilornr[qecKlrx I,I ltcropuqecKux ycnorufi xyffTyHoB Toro BpeMeHn'
HerIoHI{MaHzr (oepnee, Hgx(erranlu uonuuam) r{x MI,rpoBoBpeHI,It, H craBmero Bo rllaBe IIBIlxeRut flyil-
- :a cuo6o4y v HesaBvctrMocrh,
ryuoB Earsuga Aucapu s XVI -XVIIns.
nprrqlrHbr orprrllareJlbuofr oueuxu [annoft AQ:alxauou Xara-
IJrr 6onee rnfoxoro ilocrtrx(enrrt
KoM, cJre[yer HMerb B Rutry rreKoropble acrreKTbl r4cropzrn xaraKoB, oco6enno ucropr4ur B3aI'IMosrHoIIIe-
Hr{ft xaraKor c .[elufrcKlrM IIapcrBoM.
Ilocle BcecropoHHero rr3yrren[t, B rrocJleAur{e roAbr, TBopqecrBa Xymxalxaua Xaraxa u [peAcraBl4-
releft ero Jrlrreparypnofi rrrKoJrbr, H soo6rle, r\crop*rn, Qornmopa, [og3[II{ I,I MeHTauIrrTeTa Hapola xara-
KoB, HaM crzlHoBr.rrc.s [oIUITHo, rrorreMy oH c caMoro Harlala He rIplcoeAI4IrItJIct K ueMy. Aaxe rorAa
TaKVe flyilrygcK]Ie IIJIeMeHa, KaK MoMaHI , aflpury, locydpsafi, 6aHretu, yparsafi_u ypMyp [IpncoeAnH'r'I-
Jrr{cb K ABrrxeHr{ro Eassula Aucapu, [r gro ABr{xeHrre cr,rJro n A{tranuurane ne6ollurofr o6qecrnenno-
rorr{TrrqecKoit custoit. [axe Xyrnx,rlrxiilr Xarar B cBoeM pir]HoUBerHoM L coAepxarerbHoM TBoprlecrBe,
KOTOpO9 OXBaTbIBAeT IrOqTrr BCe CTOpOHbT Xrr3HI{ IIyIXTyHCKOTO HapOAa, ceTys Ha Te ABlIXeHllt pytrIaHII'
HeJrecTHo o'r3blBaeTcg o HeKoTopbIX ero [peIcTaBI{TeJItX.
Eqe clegyer 3llarb, rITo gKolroMr,IrlecKoe nonoxeHl,Ie xarraKoB, 6unruux s 6oree recHblx gKoIIoMIt-
qecKr,rx, rrorurr4qscKux r{ ,T}rreparypHo-KyJlbrypnblx cun3flx c AenuficxllM IIapcrBoM, 6suo Mnoro BbIroA-
uefr uoloxenuft gpyrurx aQraucrr,lx rIJIeMeH.
Tarze rr3Becrg6e nuAepbr xar"raKoB, rax Ma,rurc Arypafr, flxaxan, Illax6asxau u Xynrxalxan Xar-
TaK B KaqecrBe KpyrlHbrx lr(amp.uapor (nouerquror) ,flerrlrficxoro uapcrBa go6poxelarenbHo orHoctcb K
ero [peAcraB[Te.]rgM, BcgrAa BepHo crplalttr llu. floorovry rIJreMfl xarraKoB Bo ulaBe c ero )rlrAepaMv
(xanalau) He yracrBoBaJro B ABr,rx(eHr,ru pyrxaHlr, Koropoe uo csoefi cyru 6rno Ha[paB,'IeHo flporlrB I{H-
TepecoB ,(enzficroro UapcrBa rl Mecrnblx dteogalor. I4uenno uo orlrM [PrilIItHa]\{, 6rmurufr aBTopnrer-
HbrM rrocJle cMeprtr orqa (AnrpaQxana XrtAxpu), B ressnr4v 16 :rer pyKoBoAHB-
nmft Sea,rxan Xarrar, He Mor nocryrrurb rrporlrB [rHTepecoB croero
r.nacca, 6y4y-
rII{ cbIHoM cBogro o6rqecrseHHo-rroJlltTllqecKoro oKpyxenils ,r cBoelo KIIacca, oTplrUaTenbHo oTHocI'IJrcfl
K ABrrXeHI,Irc pyIIaHI,I.
Kar< vru yr<" ronopranu B6rrrre, TaprrKar 'Pyllnvulfl BaszLr4a Aucapu, ne 6rur o6r'rxnoseHlrblM MI{c-
rnvecro-Snrrocoqcruvr u cy$lrficxrrrr ABr{xeHzeu. 9ro ,qBI,IXeHI{e rro cyrfi ocTaBI,IJIo r:ry6orr'rfi cneA B
Lrcropqru i4ranu.r nauraonanino-ocgo6o.uurenbHblM ABuxeHI{eM IIpor[B .{enlrftcroro qapcrBa' 9ro Aslr-
xeHr{e 11po4oJrxiuocb rrpr{MepHo noJrropa crorerfls (rouuee 160 lsr), 9ro AsRxeHIfe Bo3rnaBlltn c[ep-
Ba caM Eassr,rg Ancapu, flocJre ero KoHqvHbI Ilrecrb ero cblHoBefi- Yuap III2ft1, Hypr'rggrau, XaitpunE:uld,
Kavrum4un,,flannar IIIaftx, XaJraneAA[H, Muox(ecrBo BIryKoB u xarruQon.
B AsuxeHgu Pymauun 6rna raxxe BeJrtrKa poJrb x(eHIIIun. )Kena Basgu,qa Ancapra Bu6u IIIaucy,
BrryqKa Atoiiu, Eu6u Xafrp X*ytt, Kauru H Apyrue x(eHIIIIrEbI, B cBoe BpeMs c"rostrlr Bo rJIaBe
"P,iilfra1vra", [I BMecre co cBorrMH oTIIaMrI, [fyxbtM[I u 1paTltuu MyxecrBeHHo 6opolucr [porl{B BparoB
oTolo ABr{X(eHLIt.
Haupuuep, B KpoBorrponrlrHoM cpiuKeur,rlr B MecreqKe Mznafi, uotz6aror cblHoBbfl Ancapu Vuap
IIIaftx u^Xafrryuw1rltu, a Hypu.uazn cnacaercr yKpblBrrrl{cb B ITJIeMeHIT MoMarII, ero xeHy En6z IIIaucy
6epyr r ules. flneneusoft Marepu, 6eruroft EraSu lllaltcy tlplrHoc.flT orpe3aHHble roJroBbl e,e crrHosefr
(Yuap IIIafixa n Xafipulluna). C rroMolljtbro rarofr Ilolurocrll Ir )KecroKocrH Bparu xoTeJrrl [ocraB]ITb Ha

t AQeatxaru Xamarc "Tapuxu uypaccat"

Qomorconun. Cm.p. 514. Ocrcop6umenbHoe nposauuse "Ilapu nQPaK" 6
*oir".", anmunoda nposeuuqa-"Ilwpu Pywarc" Eaasudq Aucapu u,cnorlsoecucfl eu4e nPu ezo )tcu3ttw Axyndon
fiapeesou, dopoewuucn 6cro c6op JKusIlb c deuxeruueu pywaHu'
' Ta.u xe. Cmp. 515.
85
 KoJreHI'I xeHy AHcaplI, rloAaBllrb Morlqee ABtrxeulre. Aaxe n rarofr upncrop6uufr uoueur c mas Eu6u
Irlaucy He )miuo tI cJre3I{HKIr. Hao6opor, Marb-reporrnfl. nepe1 rJra3aMr,r BparoB 6eper u pyKn roJroBbr
cBolrx ctrHouefi, qenyer optlt: ..f, Bo.rlocbl orlrlaKlrBarb MoLIx Aopo_
rrtx cblHoBeit, n6o olflu B B nnr4 onu cJroxrr.Jru roJroBbr Ha nyrr,r
IrcrlIItlIoM Bo I4M{ rocr CnHonrr, t Bocxlullancr navru! Brr narru cMepr[rc xpa6prx
repoeB. .f ropxycr BaMu!',1
ollqecKl{ noru6aer .{xananeggun. Ero ronoBy orpe3aB, ornpa6rrrror B
Ilacr', - oAHy qacrb Bsrllaror Ha Bopora f.a:nu, a BTopyrc Ha Bopora
qro6nr He c,qaBarbcr xunofr r.r ne 6rrrr, o6ecveqeHuor,
opo"u"t"o
"
Oguax4rr ue-rra-fl rpyfirta BorruoB pyrrraHrreB rlorraAaer B p],KLt
fla,qumaxa. Ilagnurax car.r,
uo noptAKy' AorIpaIIrHBaer ruleHHbrx BoerlaqaJrbHzror. flpuxoAlrrfienuficroro
oqepe[b AorrpaunBarb xeflturruy rro
ITMeHII Eacn. Ila.qullax cnpanrrrBaer ee: "lls raKoro rur no"u"u"?"
Heiuorpr ri ,o, .rro Eacz 6trna uz
TIJI9MeHI{ x:lJrlIJI, oHa orBeqaer: "llg TIJIeMeHI4 P5nuauu!". Il4gIanrax
ourrrb crrparrrr4Baer: ..Be4r rr,reMg
Pynranu He cFlecrByer, KaK Ha3blBaerct rBoe Hacro rt"" uvr"i;'. )teurqulra
tobao orBeqaer: ..He gnarc
HI{KaKilX [rIeMeH. f us PytaHu IA BCe!". flq4umax Bocxlrrt:rBtrrnc[
"vlgrr, r'rr coo6ogna, rycrb Hu,,BaHn,eM TBoero IUIeMeHr,r 6yger pynranur.,
Baszul Aucapr'r B Teq€HI'r[ csoefr rpyanofi, u 6ypni x;rr3'n Harruc:u HecKonhKo
? #:::lTt
rleHnrrx Hayqno-
xyuo)KecrBeHHblx rpyr{oB. Kar npueHaerct ero unelrasrfi uporuruur Axyu.u
.flapnesa, "6rnu guutr'4rr-
BbI, cxeqb r,r ynr.rrrroxfirn 6olnurraucrno pa6or II KHHI ororo rr
Oguu lrs auntnx
B1DKHbIX l'pyAoB Farszaa'X3rp yt-6atu", erc cbrH Hocun
c co AruKe Bo BpeMJr
cpaxeuuft. IWrqlnrufi clur lxa,ra,reAAaH Hoc.s c c l6ofr KHr,rry _MyMr{HrrH,,, Bo_
, u coxpaIJIIB CBOrc XI{3Hb, CnacaeT KHIIIy CBOefO
x KHrrr: l) Ilanry pacM yrr_xaru; 2) Cupar ar_
5) Xaup yt-6atu;6) Xa,ruavra; 7) pucmi kr raB_
11) Clpygnr; 12) Xypnau; 13) Manrpra pucata; tr4)
"Cupar ar-raBxvg", "t$"yo iuI-MybMr,IuHH", "@axp ralrv6vH"r 'Xafrp ytt-6atu,'
u.Xannaud, cq1-
Talorcfl TJTaBHbIMI{ rpyraMlr llupu Pynraua, Koropble lla[ucaHbr ua apa6croM, [epcrrAcKoM
r{ nyrrrr}[r-
cKoM t3blKax. B srux rpyAax AaHbI cBeAelr4fl, o xlr3Hrr EassuAa Aucaprz,
ero rrpe[Kax r{ rroroMKax , HAp-
'flx' o ero raplrKare "Bruantu" u 4[a6ax ororo rapr{rara. Aurop Harruc:u cBoro KHr{ry "Xalip yt -6asn,'
Ha rrerbrpex s3brKax - [ymryHcKoM, rrepc4Acrou, apa6cKoM [I nenAxa6crou.
Mu orpauuqvMrcg. JII'IrIrb uepeqrlcJreHueM IrMeH rrocrreAosare,refr Eaxsuga AHcapu, upe4cnauureaefr
werufr, rpo[araHArrpoBaIrr4 (r XVI-XVII nercax) uileu fnv_
Myxauuag Mlx,ruc, 4) Mup:axox Aucapz, 5)
44 fianarr,r, 8) Kapunrgar, 9) Ka.qupaqA, 1o)

Bacu:r Pyurann, KaK Kpyrlubre rroor,br u ys6_

H o,rrI Bassura Ancapz, cbrrpaJrr,r BilKrrym ponb
B eAYrollze eerca r,Igefi Ilupn Pyluana. Kaxnrrfr us
H
Kt.* rr ocraBrrrr rrocrre ce6r xs^oxecrBsHrroe, ,r""n;;;l::";#?H*1:Y"ffiJ:y"#.*:ffif:H#1i-

ou aswxe) Codpauue "!t pywou ed". Cmp.79_90.

Cmp. 438.
Ilupu Pywau". C1opuurc ,.,Qr
pywau 8d,,. Co1panue
t4eHHo-Lt Baaeudy Pyutauy. Ka6yn. Ilawmym myraHa.

86
 flo cs€'AeHusM ocraB,leHHbIM yqefrbrM rro r{MeHr{ A-uu flxyualu Xqaxnupz fa:neru (XI u.), u ver-
BeproM I,I ltsroM croJrerr,r[ xLIAXprn (X u XI r.) r XopacaHe cytrIecrBoBiuro 6onee 200 xoxaraxos. B
raKlrx qeHTpax CyQllaua oKo.rro 300 rpgrnux cy{ruracrux yrreHbrx, Illaftxos r,r MropmuAos 6buu 3arurrbr
o6yueuueu cBourx Mypuaos cy$lrficxuu z MvcrvqecKuM yrrgnr4.rrw, "cornue rro6su ra 6aarogeucruux
TapuKara tlpKo cBerrrJro na ue6e Xopacana".t C rogaun qilcro rap[KaroB r Xopacane yBervru4B{urocb u
x XV B,eKy B Xopacaue yxe 4eftcrnoBiulo oKo.[o 2O rarux raprrKaroB, xar Koru.lpur, PaQaux, Cyxpa-
Bap&ts, lfxynafraux, MauaHRl , 9:arrrur, Ky6pasw,, Haxm6augzr.
XVI 'rer, replroA rorla Eas:wa Ancapu (1524-t555) ocnonan na aQrancroft gemre rapr.rKar
'?5firauufl", 6rn rpeueueM Korla 6o-uee Iectrz Apyl'ux rapr{KaroB, ocHoBaHHhIx B ToM xe croJler}ru, B
Cpe4uefr Arrau (n Eyxape), XoAxofr Eaxayuunovr Hanm6angovr, TaKxe rapr{Kar Harcur6anAur, qepe3
A$rauucttur, 6ucrpo pacfipocrparlt;Irlcb B klr'p;uto tr xip1yr,z.e ucJraMcK]re crparrbr. Mn xoruu cKa3arb,
rrro ro.{&'Islwe v pa"zBvrrz.e rapuKara PyruaHrlfl rrpou3otrrno rreJrerKo ra ne 6es rpy4uocrefr r o6nlecrne
a$raHqer, r[e rJraBeHcrBoBaJr rapuKar Harnr6anAux.
Tapzrzn Pyruanrzx, KaK H Apgze cyfuficrcue raplrKarbr Ao Hero, 6ygyuu B paMKax Zclaucroii pe-
rPIrIll4, ocllr)BblBzurcr Ha allTax Kopaua, xa,qucax r{ B rIeJroM, Ha Tapr.IKare. B srou raplrKare, KaK r.r B
Ipyrux rapllKarax, upo6leua Eora, Bcenenuofi u gerouera, B3,MMoorHonreuufi Mexly Ht4urr, rBJrrJracb
r:rasHofi Qyngaueuranruofi npo6leuofi .
Kax B Apyrux rapl,IKarax, TaK Ir B Tapr.rKare Pynauux Bofipoc "flupu KaMEr"a, To scrb rronHolleH-
Horo ,uyxoBtroro HacraBHIlxa (uupa) sauuuan nraBHoe Mecro. Co.nrax lrJrrr MypI{A He Mor [poc'To raK, c
JrerKocTbrc lIocTHqb rIo3HaEIIg Anraxa. flyru nocrmKeHr,ts Eora yvlrr MropIIIul unu m,rp. ,ll.rr uo:naHrar
Eora conepurennrrfr yII,ITenb (Ilupu xauur) upoBolrrr yreHEKoB qepe3 Bce eranbr (rurarorvrrr) AarrHono
TapilKarra, ToJrbKo rlocJre orolo MyprrA Moxer crarb Ha caMocroflreJrrnrrfi uym CyQueu4 nosHaer 6ora
lI Aocrurael Ero rrc6su. floorouy, no y6exreuuro Basgu.qa A:acapm, flup vnLr rvrypr{A BbrcoKo oIIeHrnEa-
ercr B crerrrlHrr Ilpopora,
Kar u B Apyrnx rapllKariut, npo6,reue BHerrrHero rr BH1.rpgnHero 3HaHHt r Pynrannu upuraerct
I,rcKlIIOqI,ITettbHOe 3HaqeHue.
lllBecruo, qro Bo ncex cyrputicKr,rx rapr.rKarax cyqecrBoBarn BnerrrHrre (:axrapu) r.r Bn{yrpeHHr,re
(6oruur,I) srl.aHng. Dro nonxrue BbrrBr.rH)"ro cyQuruu, ocHoBbrBarotrIr.rMncfl Ha arr z: Kopaua, roropufi
rJIacI{T: 'Ecnr,r "Kma6" (Kn[ra) ecrb BHeIIIHee Ha3BaHr{e Kopana, To ero BHyrpeHuee Ha3Barrrle ecrb
'XI,IKMar" (tlpeMygpocrr)".2 Hueercs B Br4Ay, qro xors Kopau BHerrrne rBJlsercff xnurcfi, Ho BrrryrpeHHe,
IIO COAepXaLHLIIO OH - LICTOTTHHK rrpgMynpocTefi, B TapnKaTe Ea'^zrdlla Ancapu TaKiKe ocHoBbrBzucb Ha
BhrlnenplrBe,leuurrri :uIT I{3 Kopaua, rrou-srr4rc BHerIIHero 3nanvg, [plrAaerct 6o,trnroe 3HageHple. flo une-
uulo Ilupu .Pyraua, ecJII;r BHernHve zuarlvs,Uaer yqurelr (uyalnuu), ro BHyrpeHHVe snanfls, Aaer In4p \t
Mnprlr{A (llupu xauur). Bnyrpeunue 3Harr[rr snrlrrcTcr rafruoft MeXAy Eorou u ero pa6aur4, r{ rr(xlroMy
pacKpbrBarb r,rx ne6on:yroguo. flo y6ex4euuxl Eax:ra4a Ancapu, Aaxe 6orocrlDKeHr,re Aenurcfl Ha BHeIU-
HHe H BHytpenHne v^acrv. Ecru ntletunnuv 6orocn)rKenlrlrMr.r flBIIflIorct Ilatllil|, WaB?, 3tKar, To BHyr-
peHuee 6olocryxenue cocror4T r,r3 poXAeHHr (ezrpa) Arraxa, xpaHeHus Ero nlo6nu.
Colvn crasuufr qJreHoM orrpel(e.rreHHoro cynyKa w rapvKara [ocrerreuHo coBepuerrcrByr cBoro D/-
nly, trprt BeI)oBaHuu c qerbro IlocrlrxreHufl. Anilaxa Aonx<eH upofiru HecKorlbKo MaKaMoB (orauor, cryrre-
ueft). IIpr crroM rlpouecce caJItrK rclrbrrblBtu pa3nl,IrlHbre rp)AHocrr,r, .q)aoBHo oqutrIaercr u coBepmeHcr-
ByeTcr. qepres eTo Myprr,4 raK)r(e trpoxoAnT rroA pyKoBoIcTBoM cBoero Illafixa,
B Cy{rusue, n<lo6qe, cyluecrByrur rrerupe MaKoMa: l) ilapuar, 2) TapvKar, 3) MabpE+ar
(o6pa:oraulfie), 4) xaKr,rKar (lrcruua). B uaqane Cy{u:rrr r{Mer ceMb MaKoMoB: ran6a (nororuue), Bapba
(ocropoxttocrr B rronf,Tntx "xaJror" "xapoM"), eyxg (acrernsu), Qaxup (6e4uocu), ca6p (repueuue),
raBaKKyJI (yuonaune na 6ora), pz:o (conracze). tDaxpI{AIr.rH Arrap s cnoefi pa6ore "MaRr[K yrrafip"
TaKxe Ha3rbrmaer ceMb MaKoMoB, Ho orJruqnoe or llpeAbrryrqera: rata6 (rpe6oranne), nnrx (,nn6onr,
crpacrl), urnpnQar (o6pa:ouanne), trcluluo (pasuolFflne), rasxu-tr (eguno6oxze), xafrpar (yllunneHr,le),
Qarup-Sauo (yeruuenue).
B pa6r:'re Hlraaua larzzutu "Bospoxgeuve HaW o penururl" qrrcJro MaKoMoB Aocrrrraer BocbMLr: TaB-
6a, ca6p, rnryrp (6narogapenne), xanQ (ouacenue, 6oxsur), pragxo (u4qexAa), Qaxup-syxa, raBaKKyJr,
uyxa66ar (nro6om).

' Talt xe.

2 Kopau. Cypa ("Kopoea"). Cmp. l5I
87
 flo cregeuutM l{3BecrHoro a$raucKoro yqenoro A6gylxar Xa6u6u, cypuilcrne MaKoMBr r ASrauu-
craue (lpenueu Xopacaue) cyrqecrBoBaJru B piurnuqubrx Br{nax loMycynbMilrcroro CySr3Ma, ,quuKe B
IoI,IcJIaMcKI,Ix penurutx. Hanpuuep, u 21peruefr peJlr,rMr,I-3opoocrpr{3Me, cyrqecTBoBaBluefr r XopacaHe u
Mauepauuaxpe, 6nuto 'tpI,I MaKoMa I{ Hzl3blBilJrncb "xopoiluii paccy4ox", u "xopomee 4erHue". Ilyrenre-
crsonaslrrltfr n 644 roAy rlo Xopacauy ruraficrufi nyreilecrBennux Crun Ilsrn uepevncillrer BoceMb Ma-
KoMoB' paclpocrpaHeHHblx cpeflr loqltrareJrefi EyAUnt: upaBrrJrbHru AorMa, rrpaBuJrbrriu Meqra, ilpilBrlJlb-
HOe CJIOBO, rlpaBr,IllbHoe Aeficttue, upaeulrnrni 6rrr, upanz,rrnufi rp12, ne, upa-
Br4rrbHoe MbrI[.rIeHI.{e.' Clelonate,:rbHo, B oAgofi ll: 4pennefinux pelurutrt, Ha IOro_
BocroKe Xopacaua u ManepanHixpa - 6y/rrzsrtae [po[araHAa raxux o6rqe're:roreqecKux qeuHoctefr, rar
fipaBmrb$ocrl, go6pocoBecrHocrb, qrlcrora rI qecruocrs,6swa rnasuofr s4[a.reft. Orcrc4a cneAyer Br,IBoA,
vro cyQnfrcKlle raplrKarbl Manepauua:tpa m XopacaHa 3avMcrBoBarry HeKoropbre vrev vs 6oree ApsBHr,rx
MecrHblx pelruruil' - 3opoocrpll3Ma I4 6yuAz:ua, T.e. B groM 3iu.rMcrBoBaHHu BrroJrHe orreBr{Ana IlpeeMcr-
BeHHocrb. flpzuevarellHo, vto cy$uficr<ze rapur(arbr, paclpocrpaHeuubre r 3anaguofi Anaronauu n
apa6crnx crpaHax raKrIX orreHKoB He rrMelor, TaK KaK na srofr ieppuropun) Ao ucJraMa, yrroMf,rryrbre
pennfllkt rre [rMeJrrr paclpocrpaHeHr,rr.
Yllclo MaKaMoB B TapI,IKare Baxsnla Aucapu 11ocrnrasr BocbMu: ruapl{ar, TaplrKar, x€lK[Kar,
ualpnQar, ryp6ar (npz6nzxeuHocrb K 6ory), BacJrar (coe4uueuue), Bax,{ar (eguucrno), cyKygar
(r'zunna). l'Irax, uocneAnlrft orarr B TerreHlru pyruaHlls Hur3brBrurcr cyKyHanx, u lreJroBeK .qocrururrafi ero
Ira3blBarlc'{ Muctcuu (6e4Hrrfr, nutgutrt, Ho 14 MonqatrIufr). I{ruenxo [ogToMy cJlylllaronr,r HasbrBzurrr Eagzu1a
Ancapz - Baszu[ Mncruu. Oaun nz xanuQor Baxsuaa, noer Myr,ra Apzayu KoMMeHrr.rpyr BoceMb Ma-
KOMOB gTOFO TapHKara, rrr4rrler cle4yroquli 6afrr s oAHoM r43 cBor,rx crrrxoB:

"Tllapuar Aa pox oros gefi,

Tapurar fre cls-y coa 1efr.
XaKraKar Xou Aefi 116 3p% Ke,
Matpz{ar irc capu pos 4efr.
Kyp6ar fie u.atgut<u ga,
flr, raclar reno 4yfilr ga
IIrsaxAar ne gyfia Herrrra,
Cyrynar KyJr HeKxyr{ft Aa"."

"Tllnpuar - gro Haqaro rryrr{.

Taprxar - oro cl'opaHrre, To ecrr, TeprleHue rpyguocrefr,
Xarrarar - gro cocrorHue x:ur (oxcra:) B l]}rloLe,
Matpu$ar' - oro HaqaJro posa (rafrnrr)
Kypbar - oro upz6lprxeurre r Eory.
Bac;rar - sro elue rone6anr.re.
Bax,4ar - ero KoHeII Ko.[e5anux, Haqzuro e4vmcrBa.
Cyryrar - sro xopomee [oBegeHue".
Tenepl uoupo6yeu 6onee {cHee I,I&Iloxrdrb BbrlrerrpklBeAcrrHbre BoceMb MaKoMoB:
l) B rr.larovre Illaplrar coJrI,IK Blluorqer rrrrb ocHoBnbrx rrpaBrrn MycynbMaHcrua (xarzua, HaMa3,
ypa3a,3qKar n xaAx().
2) B uaronae Tapurar coJIIIK, tlor pyKoBoAcrBoM orrpereJreHuoro nnpa, nofip1 B ero rapnKar, B
npoqecce o6ospenz.a cnoeir [ymv, upzo6peraer KaqeclBa qrrcrorbl, rrpaBrrJrr,rrocru, 4o6pocoseciHocu u
secrHocrrr, BuyrperrHe ce6r conepueHsrByer,
3) B uaxorrte Xanurat, coJrI{K AocrI,I[IyB crelenrr euyrpennefi qr{crorbr, craHoBuTcr 6naropogurnra,
npaBeIHbIM, 6naro'Iecr[BblM H f,cHbIM, KaK rrpopoK. C)n rce BpeMf, rroMHrrr o6 Aruraxe, ucnoanser rafr-
Hoe paAeHue (xyQur surp).
4) B uaroue MalpuQar, coJrI,IK Aocrl{raer o6paza Eora, upzo6peraer KaqecrBa Ilpopoxor. IIpu
sroM llepexoAe oH AoJIxeH BbIrIoJrHI,ITb cJre[ypuue cerbrpe ycJtoBrrr: a) Orrar or cauono6rrBbrx xena-

t A6dynxail Xa6u6u' "O

eerce, 6 KomopoJ+r xun lTupu Pyutau u eeo deuxeuuu" (ua nyumyHcKo-l4) "[.t pywau dd,,
Cmp 282.
" Co6pauue ",[a Pyaan dd". Cmp. 282.
88
uuil; 6) He [ogaBarbc.n zurqHocru; n) orKas or tloxorJllrBbrx xe:rannfi; r) e uucnrx He xlarE or Koro
nu6o ropucrr.r.
5) B uaroue Kyp6ar yilaM con[Ka cJrbrrIII{Tcq toJloc Eora, Ha oroM erarle coJrI,IK rlosnaer BKyc rI
HacJrax,[eglte CaMo', Bce 3ByKH BoKpyI' eMy Ka:Kyrct raKrtMlr xe rrplrsrnbrurr H rrexnrrMrr, KaK roJroc
Eora. CneACrBareJIr,Ho, Ha eroM orals connK rlplr6Jlltxaerct K Eory. EarsltA Ancapn B pa6ore 'Xafrp yt-
6ass" ran o6rscuser .q/rrreBHoe cocrorHlre coJrLIKa AocrurTrrero MttKoMa Kyp6ar: "Cuorpu! Kaxnoe
3HaHIIe II3 rlroelo 3HaHrIfl, KiIXAoe r{Mr or MoeI0 HMeHr{, KaXIa-fl MoIIIb oT trloefi uolqU, KaXAbIft 3ByK oT
Moefo roJlooa, raxlufi UBer or Moero I{Bera, BcsKoe BeJrI,Ique or Moero BeJIrIlIIrt, BctKoe r;I3gulecrBo or
uoefr rpacorbr, KaxJlilfl flpKocrb or uoefi tpKocrn, raxlufi rHeB or Moero rreBa, I(axAarI mo6orr or
u<lefr .uru6nlr, K,DK,[as xrurocrb or uoefr xaJrocrr{. [a 6ygvr re6e zssecrHo, t gcrb BO BceM, s xaxAofr
Berrlu t cyn,ecrnyto".
t

6) B nraxoue Bacnar coJrrrK sa6rrsaer Bce cBon KaqecrBa, ero 3peH[Ie, cJI)D(, x(Ll3Hb, 6lrtue olpeAe-
rsrorcr Arulaxou. Ho e erol\.{ MztKoMe conI,IK eIIIe He reprler cBolo cytrIHocrb.
7) B uaroue BaxAar coJrlrK rroJrHocrbro reprer cBoro cylqHocrb, rlpl{o6peraer 6oxur KaqecrBa'
EarsuA Auc'apu r "Xafip ytr-6un" rrrircaJr rro eroMy noBoAy: "Cuorpra! JIrcAu s l,Ioefr scereHHofr H Mot
RcereHHaS. 1l JrIoArx. Kan s BoAe ecrb pu6rr u n prt6e BoAa, KaK xIIByt pu6u r BoAe, TaK v Bo.Ua )KIrBer
n pu6e.^ Tar:x(e etrIe, KaK xgByr pn6u B BoIe, TaK r,r BceJIeHHafl xfl{Ber Bo MIre. Jho4u, rIoMHIrre erl'l MolI
croBa!""
8) B vraronre Cyxynar Ayx coJrr,rKa o6peraer uoxoft. Ero ymu, rJritsa, rloc, cranoBflTcs. cso6oAHrrMn
or cny1nimlzir, Byriletvl. [r BocnpuHrrMauus 3aflpernblx seueft. To ecm, oH He tlyBcrByer HI'IKoro KpoMe
Eora. Xors elo Te.rlo 6y4er r piByrx'ennr4, AyX elo, 1ocrznuuft Bora, 6yaer B IIoKoe-
Alxyts:afi Xa6u6u orrpirf,cb ua cyQuiicroe coquHeHue Baslr.4a Aucapu "Cupor ar-ranxwfi' gact
cBeAeHruI o cJlenylourrx geMrr BZDKHI'IX KaqecrBax, KoropblMu ronxHLI 6rurr,r o6n4garb M)DKqIrHbI u xeu-
IrlHHbI, Bce coIruKn, Bxoryruvre B Tapr,rKar Pyllau*rx:
"flepnoe: coJrrrK Aont(eH Bcerla [peAoxparurrn ce6s. or 3anperHblx (xapau) \eficrnufi.
Bropoe,: coJII,IK He AoJIx(eH Ao[ycKarb pacroql'ITeJrrcrBa B eAe u flruIe.
Tpeile: coJrrrK Aonx(eH Bcerga roBopr{rb KparKo, uolreMuory II He roBopl4rf 6eccvtttcJlelrHblx selqeft.
g^erueproe: coJrrrK Aonx<eH c[arb Miuro, tr Bo cme, t4 npu 6oapcrBoBulrlzlr ,4oJrxeH rIoMHtrTb o EoIe.
Ilsroe: coJIrrK AoJrxeH Bcerga crpeMr,rrbct 6rrrr co6eceIHIIKoM xopomnx u gz6eran, 6eceA c ruro-
xl/.]t/lv.
Illecto,s: coJrrrK ,[oJrr(eH BcerJIa B cocrotHlrl4 Tl4xoro 3I,IKpa xpaHlrrb n cepAue Eola.
CeArvrre: coJrI{K BcerAa ,[oJrx(eH crpeMl,ITr,c.fl K coeAilHeHl'Irc c Eorou"' '
B rapnrare Pynranrr Boupoc BAoxrroBeHr{r raKxe nuel oco6oe 3HarIeHIre. flocne AocrtrxeHtrx cy-
Quena crene,ur,r Annaxa, Allax [ocruraer eMy, KaK llupu xauuny
BAoxuoBenr're. fIoA gosAeficrsEeM oro-
ro BAoxHo.BeHur rlup rBopq yguBrireJrbHbre rryAeca, Aaer cBoI,IM coJII,IKaM MITcTI{qecKI'Ie u cySuficrue
3Hagus. Ewtzun Aucaplr n 6ecegax LI ltrcKyccflrx y xa6ynlcKolo Ka3lrt Kasuxana, KyIa ero BbI3Ba]rIr ero
uAefrffffe illpoTtrBHrrKlt, KoMMeHTprpyg norutTlle BooIIy[reBIIeHue, AoKiLsbIBafl JIoMqecKLl cBoIO [paBoTy'
roBopHn cJte[yntrIl{s cJroBa:
-"Ka3ux.an:
Kax .t cJrbIIrIa[, TbI roBoprr[rb, qro Bo BpeMjI rlponoBelrr re6s nocetrIaer orKpoBeHHe._
EassuA: Bavr nenpaBilJrbHo cK:B:uItl. -f ronopto, qro MeHt trocetrIaer BAoxHoBeHtre, R TaKI{M oopa-
3oM, .l cnblrtry ral4HcrBeHHufr soslJlac.
roBoptr, qro rbr yrBepx.Uaelilr 6yxro-6rI re6e cnzgotrrJla KHI{ra orrponennfr r'l
Ka.:raxaLn: JIroIra
6yAro-6u orfla cocrollr Ir3 copoKa rnaB.
EareEU: 3ro roxe HerIpaBAa, rocrrolllH xreufi' B Moe cepArle Al.uan BceJrf,er BAoxrroBeHlre, c orlrM
$oxecrsegnbrM BltoxHoBerrueM f, Harrucarr KHr,rry Ir ona Ha3blBasrct 'Xafrp yll-6ant". Oga cocronr ral
copoKa rnan. O6r6HoBeHHbre nrcAr{ He rroHHMaIoT p:BHI,IIIrI Mex[y BAoxrIoBeHfieM Ir oTKPoBeHIreM
6oxruu. 3rBfic,lHr.rru c Uenbro oqepHurb Merul, AoBoIr Ao Bac MoI4 c-rloBa, yN{blffnerrHo MeHJIIoT cJIoBo
"rAoxnoseune" Ha "orKpoBeHlre",*

t Eaaeud Aur:apu. Xailp yl-6a€n. Iletuaeap. Axadeuua llaatmy. 1965- Cmp' 26j'
t Tatt srce. <:,np. 269; *t.a,foprop. Mucmu'tecxufi. u Pu.tocoQcrcuil o6pas Eanzuda Pyutauu
e pa6ome "Xa)rHatta"'
Kadyn, 1991, Cmp 79-84 (ua nytumlucKtutr aswxe).
3
Addymail )fu6u6u. "O6 sttoxe llupu Pywauu u. e?o deutx.erunt". (Ha nyamyrucxou as.) C6opnurc ",[n Pyutan Ed"
Cmp. 280-28'1.
o
Xaup yn-dunu. Cmp77-78.
89
 Tenepr KoporKo ocraHoBI'IMct Ha HeKoroplx o6qnx crofrcrBax, cxoAcrBilx I,I 6.rrusoc,ru rapl{Kara
Pyualrnx rr Apwrx rapLIKaroB, oco6enno Ha^rcn6 LrLu, uro cro1nrcfl. K paccMorpeHrrrc cJleAylorlux
BorrpocoB:
1) Ilpo6:renaa BHeIIIHeto I,I BHyrpeHIIero. flou-srue 6arun v saxvp (euyrpeuuufr u sHe[rnufi), ocuo-
BaHHoe Ha oAHoM adTe w.? cyprr Barapnt r
Kopane, Bcrpeqaror\uitc . uorrrn Bo Bcex cyQufrcrux raplrKa-
rax. l:rasHoe yK:L3aHlIe "corI,IK AoJDKeH BHeIITHe 6n C HapoAoM Ir BHyrpeHrre c A,tnaxoM,', 3AI,IM|TB6-
r
BaHHoe E3 yrIeHI'It BaxaylrruHa Harur6an4a, a B Earsr,l4a Aucapr a
Jl.IeHVr,r "BHerrrHpre
eopue 3qaHnr I,r
BHytpeHHue 3EaEvfl".9ra upo6leMa cqllraerct pyrranzr. IIo 15e-
o.qHr,rM r,r3 rJIaBHbrx [paBnlT TaplrKara
x,qeHurc Eagsuha Ancapu BHoIITHI4e 3HaHI{t ralorcf, yrlurereM, a BHyrpeHHI,Ie
3Harru.rtr AarcTc-fl rrnpoM
(MIopr4oM)' Iaxe 6orocnyxeuvfr Aerflrcs. Ha BrryrpeHnue vr BgerrrHr{e qacrrr. Ecnr,r so rnemnue
66ro-
crlDKsHzf, BXOAJIT IUITb ocHoBHbIx MycynbMaHcKrlx rpe6orarufr mapr{ara (ralzua.
HaMas, ypa3a, xarx rr
elrar), To BrryrpeHnuu 6oloc-rr)Dr(eHlieM flBJrflturct coBeprrreHne paaenuy Auraxy, [peAarrHoe MoJreHLre Bo
uMrI rlocru)Kenlur Eota.
2) Tuxnfi zuxp. H rHaxnr6auAurn a B pyurasua
3r.rKp Kp),)Kacr, 6poca.r ce6s co croporrbr u
nrilBnbIlr rpe6orauuft6ruo uurolry He "AaBaf,
"roporry
3Harb,
rIoMHff o Heu, MoreHHe Euy, crpeu.neHrre K coeALIHe
rafiHufi 3I4Kp B MaKaMe xaKIIKar. conr,m 6rnnrzfi B TIIxoM 3LIKpe BHyrpeHHe oqucrr4B[rucb, c
IIeJIbn)
.[ocrtrxeHl4t Eora crpeunrcfl c q)rBcrBtMu go6pocorecrHocrn, 6naro.recr;r, [paBrrJrbH ocrur n Mr{nocep-
I*rs. coeArruulTr,ct c A-uaxou.
xohta ycm, Teoprdr{ )cyJryn Il xaMa ycT
rz.rHrr. flo
z
JroBeK TaKxe HMeer KaqecrBa
ve.rroaerc).
Bora.
#J:ll,.T?#;;:'tT
O4naKo qeJIoBeK Aonxeu rroA pyKoBoIcrBoM rruprr KoMr,rJra fiocre-
ruyrpeu
rIeHHo oqfirrlalr ce6r Annaia. B olnofi AorMe
cynyKa Ppranu-r roBopr{rcr, gap uoxu,,. ftr"rJ".r"
cylqecrBy€T n pu6e, rax Eor a u xaMa ycr-a,BrrrrcTc,
ocuonHori zallaqeil u s HaKtrI6ar.El4v,, r,r r $nuaulrz. florolry, qro oro npo6nema Bora z rfcrroBera, r,r
BavMoorHoruenufr Mexny HI4MI{. Dro suaqzt, rITo co3AaHnrrfi A,rnaxoM Qe,,roser Be,rIIrK
Ir cBtltreH. oH
TaKXe uMeer rIpI4MerbI, [pI'I3HaKI,I Aunaxa. Hranr., gro czMoe rJraBrroe,
ryMaHr.rcrrrrrecKoe 11orulTlre Ko'ro-
poe rJlacllr, 'lto YeroseK Moxer ttoAHsrbct Ao ypoBH.fl Eora r.r o6oxecisfirscfl,. Ees coMHeHnr Mbr Mo-
xeM cKa3arb, qro rJraBrrafl qeJloBeKonlo6unar KoHuerrqllrr B rrporpeccuauou CySu3Me rrpoficxoAr.rr I,IMSH-
^K
Ho
_or orofr uepegoroft cyQuficrco-uucrr,r.recrofr r.r4era. flooroMy rrpr.rHa&rexasnufi rapgKary Ha-
rn6auAu-f, a{raucxufi rroor - Mblcnurellb XVII seKa Xynrxarxan Xarrar, B oAHoM r{3 cBornx crr{xoB
rloql{Ta:fl pog Yelonevecxtrfr, BbLTBI{Hyn cJleAyrouFo r.rlero: 'Xors rbr He flwraerur,cs, EoroM, oAHaKo
rbr
HtrgeM He MeHbrue Eora!".
4) Cauo'u cypF, To ecrr' crrylr'a*ve rleceH v vrpa Ha My3brKzLlbubrx r{HcrpyN{eHTax rarxe 6lur,r

AoBalrrdcb. co6pauzu Llffi:1Hrl ,lt;

I,IH KOP HA EM OTO H H bIKHOBEHI{IO CBOSTO
Kocrbru Ir en-flrcrnllfr TaM u neBrIaM. Eassur Ancapu roxe 6larogap-r
ecHII, Tarr{eBaJr, BcerAa xI{Jr Bece-rro I{ palocTHo.
'ti cpy4 B xu3Hr4 coJrrrKoB Tapr.rKara pylrarrur
gnemo6rfi Lr fipr.rn44nexHocra,eD(a.
ocrz. Dro roxe l{HTepecuar npo6leraa .qocrorirar
BHr{Manrtrf,, z oHa Bc"rpeqaercr u n Harur6aH4nu n n pytnanuu.
us cyQuficxnx rapnnuror, m16oro rrycrr{Brllux B rrpo[noM cBor4 KopHr{ B
o nayruo-SulocoQcroft, KyJrbr)?Ho-4yxonuofi ru43Hlr HapolloB Maripau-
H Vlnnuu.

' Xailp yn-6atu. Cmp.27.

90
 Il:rec-nno, rrro Harrr.rnzls c )ilII BeKa MyApequ u cyQr.rz ur Typrecraua 6ucrpo craJlu [po[IrlKarb Ha
rol s IIHAI,rro, r,r Ha 3arra,n, B MaJryro A:zro. Boguurnoseuue \etuitcroro {apcrBa coBrlzlllo c BpeMeHeM
aKrrlBr,r3au[[ nerrerbnocru cyQuucK[x yqeHbrx tlpuileruIux s III-IAI'IIo I,Is MaBePaHHil(pa. I,It',tenno s ero
BpeMr rapuKar guurrur norBlrJrcr s l4:rg4tvv B KaqecrBe caMocrorreJrbuoro, Motuuof,o yqeHltg. 9ror ra-
plrKar cBtr3au Myrrnul4aua Xacaua rllrrnru. On po,qu.ncr s 537 (1142) toly B Czcraue, .4o Is4[qaru
ler My'uurrur.rH poc rroA rrplrcMorpoM r.{ Boc[I,rrilH[eM yrl[Terr Vcuaga Xapyuu. 3areu B rlorlcKax
:uaHufr, oH )xo,qrrr B caMocrorrerbHbre lryretrrecrBr4ir. flocerqaer raKrle uenTpbr Mllcrr,rqecKux Hal'K I,I
CyQusrvra, r.ar Cauapranq, Eyxapa, MepB, Eaux, Farga,q, fepar u Xauq[an. Tau on o6qaerc. c \r3-
BecrHblMrr cy$uftcrzrrrr,r yqeHrrMu roro Bpgrueulr. B KarrecrBe co6ecegnrara oH yrrrrrcfi, y Hlz.x pil3JrrrrlnblM
HayKirM. Burpevarcr c raKrlurzr BeJrrrKrrMr{ Tllafrxaun rarc A6ryn Kaftrp .[xuraur.r, IIIafix Ha,uxunuErn
Ky6pa, IIIaiix IOcyS Xauaganu repeHuMaer y uux 3HaHrrr. Cp"l" uux Ky6pa u Xaualanu, rBJrrIolII{e-
ct BeJTItKIiMlI Lllaftxauz Illafixon TyprecraHa, oKa3aBrrrr{e 6onrnoe BrrrlflHrre sa 9umrz.
Kar nllnrgr anr.nnftcrcuft y.renufi cySuereg ,[x. C.TpnMzHreM, "xorq coquHeFlr{e oAHoro LI3 ocHo-
sarereir ral)rrKara Cyxpanapaur Illaxa6l4glrna Cyxparapgn 'AnapuQ ya-rvraapuQ" sErlflrocr flraBnbrM
noco6ueu rrur TIJIeHoB TaprrKara r{uurrux, gro yqeHI,Ie He ocrilflocr rIoA ToriuIbHbIM Brrwrilveu Welarrt
Cyxpauaparafl, HarrporlrB, awrslcb cBoeo6pa3HblM caMocroflTe;IbnbrM, KpyrIHbIM TerreHueM, llrpzulo BilKHyK)
ponb B AyxoBHoM Mr{pe HapoAon?Inniuw r.r ASrauncraua."l
B
Qopullpouauur4 rr rrrfipoKoM pac[pocrpaneHrrlr raplcKara
rlunrrur orpoMna 3acJryra yqgHI{Ka
My'uuumtnra tlnruru Kyr6rggr,rua Eaxruftpa Karu (Ouru) (yM. 633112360.) O4un rns yueuur<ou Bax-
ruEpa Karu (Onrz) <Daprlyluran Mac'yA, ro ecrb fanlxz IIIa6ap, Nnra lllaxap lasAx (I175-L265), Y
cBoe BpeMr. cbrrpa[ Ba]Krryrc ponb B Qopuuporanv.r4 Tnpnnilta 9.wlnus u el1e 6otee rulrpoKoM ero pac-
rrpocrpanerr,nu y Hnyun. Tarxe orpoMrra sacnyra ero caMbrx KplrrHbrx yqeHItKoB HIreauylAuua Aslus
(yu. 725/1324), u HacuplaAvua 9uparu fiewlla (757/1356), B rrrr4poKoM pacrpocrpauervfl rapvKtra
9filrrrns n l,,I.ngwu r,r AQranncraue, Te.reHue Huzavms. B KarrecrBs orBorBJleHnfl Tapl{Kara 9zrrrm Ae:E-
crBoBzlllo n Vlnaalfl u rro3Anee, or Hero orleJrr,rnocb caMocrorre.rrbHoe reqeHue Ca6npns. 9ro reqenue
cBr3aHo c [MerreM yrreHr,rKa Ilazavnruuna AsJ'u,rs Anarl2rulua Anu v6v Axlr44a ac-Ca6rapa (69I/1291).
Husavrr;tgun Annns raKiKe 6rur gyxortrbrM HacraBHI4KoM 3HaMelrlrroro cyQufrcrorc floora-ryManllcra
Auupa Xycpara [ex,raru. Bruarorqufic.r aQrancrufi noer u yreurtft cyQr.rfr Paxuan Ea6a (A6aypaxr,lan)
TaKn<e 6rur croponHLIKoM yrreHr,r.fl rlutrrrux, r.{ TBopun s XVII croJrerrru Ha [yrrrryHcKoM flsblKs, BocKIII{-
qar:'Io,uyHE Xygofi nr Ltura uafiro rcspair" (Dror uup Eor cosAzur ue Jlm6sra!). Hrar, ) IeHIre rlum-
lrrf, Erpiuro oqeH6 6ommyro poJrb B Lrcroprltr.uyxoBnocrr{ E o6lqecrBeHEoro MIIIIUIeHI{I HapoAoB VIttMu,
SaurlaAenr, flaK[craua, AQranucraHa I{ Apyrux crpaH lOro-Bocrosuoilt Asuu.
Arrop pyKorrIlcu "Ill4gxapar" ("feHeoromr"), Korop{u xpautrrc.r rro,q HoMepovt 574-XIl B xpiml{-
nuue pyKonucefi I4ucruyryra BocroKoBeleuwr vMeHu A6y Paixaua Eepynu AH Vs6eKI,IcraHa, ,[aprunr
MyralavrqA r] rJraBe "Llla,qxapau raprlKav "Harru6angr4fl" cBoeilr pa6orut gaBas o ce6e cnegenvg rfifireri
'isJrflrorqufrcr npaxoM rIoA HoraMr,r gepsuu;tefr. \apnnu Myxauuag, u3yrrlaB yqenue 3llKpa, caMoco3gpua-
r^:as, c rrosno.rreuuq Bhrcrlero rapr.IKara Harnr6an4ur Mylxalagqzt, craJl IepBI,IlreM y AyxoBlroro Ha-
craBHrrKa fl[axa A6[ymta, roropnrfi 6r,rrr sHaMenr,rr rroA I,rMeHeM f$au Arrr,r IIIax".
(Darup
fiapnnnr Myxarvrrrlaa B rJIaBe "Illa.uxapall rapr4K 14 yJrr,rrM "9fimTus" csoeft KHLIn{ Irl{Irrer:
fiapnuur IV[;niauu4g [onyqr.rr rro3BoJreHue raprrKara tlulrnry ot 6rrsurero 3HaMeHLITIIM IroA [rMeIreM
"fyrana A,'rvr IIIax Xa:parra IIIaxa A64ynna, oH or lllaucgArana Xa6u6ynr;a Mzpsall Masxapa, a oH or
Myxauu4qa A6tzla Cana.uu, a oH, or \anlr:ly:llta Illafrxa A6uyl Axq4a, a oH or cBoero orqa Xapyr-al-
Paxua Xor2Ka Myxauuaga Ca'Lryaa, a oH or cBoero orqa Xa:para Lllr:alr;a Pa66wu Myxagla.qa urvqul
cauu lllafixa Axuafia Cupxrznnu {Dapyrn,2a oH or cBoeno orqa Max45ma A6gyr Axqla, a oH oT PyK-
HTIAAHHa lanryuu". Csssr ero )Arr,rrer-s IIIafixa A6ayl Ky4ryca fanryrnll,r c AaHHIIM rapurarou (r.e.
9raurruefr) rrMeer ABe cropoHrr. flepna-r, IIIafix Myxar*1u44 - oro oreu IIIafix Axrrlau A6,uylxar< P41anau-
sz - IIIafrx Bulutu[r.un flanrauaru - lllafrx ITTavls)AAvH Typr Ilauurrrrv. - Max,uytu AnanynAun Anu
Ca6rap-Illafix <Daprqyg4uu fau4xu IIIarap (IIIarap fasux). Bropar, rapBrrrx Myxauu44 - UIafix ,{6-
nyn Klaly<; fanryuu XoAxa Myxarrt'r4t ,{aprnIu u6n Kaculrl Y4yrvru - IIIafrx Xacan Eyxpaugxu - Carl-
uA Alxuan flxynnpu - Cairul Erlrraru,qAuH Maxary [2raxayuxtu \xaxau - Maxgyv Haaupu4aun

' 4x. C.Tpu'veH?e.M. mea e Llcnaue. 1989. Cmp. 60.

2
Pa
Xazpamu ll,lta.u IIIaux Axuad Capxuudu (Dapxu s csoto otepedo cqu.maemca. cctltbr.t$t
KpynHu-u, Illa[txou XVII eexa mdpuKdma Harcwdaudua e Lluduu. SHa,aum H& snrort rceme
tluw.mua u Haxw6audun
ca.flsctr rbt uexdy co6o[t.
97
 rlupana,[exnr,I - Illafrx HurauyrAnn Anrlus - IIIafrx @apraayluuH
faHlxr.r IIIarap - Xonra Kyr6unun
Eaxrurp Karu (Vvraft). feueanorus Xon)<z Kyr6q/u{uua Eaxrr,lepa c Xacanou CannxaprE SHIIITI,II{.1
Xacan Caqaxap tlunnu - Xogxa Vcuan Xapyuu - XoAxa Kyr6ugquu Maelyt rftimru - Xon*" Hacn-
pyAAlrtt A6y IOcyQ Vururz Xolxa
Auuuyglllr Eacpz - Xogxa (Dosar
n6n A66ac - XoAxa A6sy:r B n Myp-
ra:a Prsnanu Alnax arafrxyrra qrx(MiMH - Pacy:ru Arurax (Ilpopor Myxanrv4q).
llra:r, il reHezuorus rapnKara 9:ztnrnx, KaK [r rpyrrlx Tapr{KaroB, -firo6rr HerrocpeAcrBeHgo cBfrsa1a
c flpopoxotrl Myxaurrl44orvl.
, . Tenepr oilIlpatcb ua 4pyrofi asropl,Ireruufr pyronzcurrft ucrorrHr{K - xpaurqufrcr rroA HoMepoM
4Ol s Vlncrnryre BocroKoBeAeuus An Vg6eK[craHa, KHHry "Ca{anar ya-Anrur" Myxavfirraga pu"i*u-
-uzrariuir
xeM o lrlafrxax lt3 rexeiuromlt TaprrKara .{umrnx, rr Ha ocHoBe lrueopruaum{ xpyn4x rbpomo
LIgrIoxI{M Harrre MHeHue o6 oroM Tapr.rKale.
Ilpex,qe Bcero HecKorbKo cJIoB o6 arrope "CaQuuar-yn -aBrvs" Myxanauaga [apa Illyxyxe.
IfSBecrno, vro ,{apa IIIyTW I{ 3HaMeHlrra.fl c-Tr44KopeutuBas uuyuitcrcat uosrecca 3e6ynuco 6truu
AerbMlI Arpanr:e6a A-rrarrrrr,Iua (1678-1707). O rpalrvecroft cMeprrr fiapa lllyxyxa, o ero urrauureu 6pa-
Te, o npyrux ero 6parrsrx v, ux B3zrl,IMoorHolxeHr{flx yxe 6ruro no4po6uo Harrucauo yqegbrMfi BocroKoBe-
IaMI{-I{HIonoraMI,I. Aupanrse6 c Mo,toAocrt4 crapaercg [pocJraBr,rrrcr KaK peJll,Imo3Hbrii u ua6oxnrtfi
rleroBeK. Ou ronopu.l: "Nrfl, [poBeAeHI,Ir ocrasneftcs xrr3Hrr B MoJrrrrB&( uofily r Merry, yN{oro pyKr{
or
MlIpcKI{x 1eJr", n flepsA npocrblM HapoAoM Bbrcryrran KaK penrrruosHtrfi ,qesre.[b. B rraupy on 6rll HaMe-
srHr{KoM npoBlrv'\na ,{eran, [pr{H4urex(aBruero ero orrry IIIuxy lxaxauy ra yqacrBoBitrr B Auuacrlrqg-
crofi 6opr6e. Os HecKoJIbKo pa3 noAHI,IMaer Mf,rex rrpornB cBoero orqa, IIIaxa AxaxaRa. Haroneq, n
L657 royy, oH Bcr)ml{.rr B croBop co craprrrrM 6parou IIIax-IIIl4xaeM rr rffra,urrrM 6parou Mypaa6ax-
IIreM, c Ilenbro orcrpaHeHl,It or &rlacrr,r caMoro craprlero 6para flapa IIIyrga, roroprrft saMeHgr 6om-
Horo orlla IIIaxa .{xaxaua. B 1658 ro,uy rIJIeHr,rn 6para ,{apa lllyryxa, orr cBepraer c [pecroJra orlla
IIIaxa [xaxana v Epx;rrr ero B 3arorlesufl. Bcrcope uofiuan cBoero Mrralffero 6para Mypagmaxa, 6po-
caor ero B 3tIHAaH Ir flplrKasblBaer 3alyuurb ero. A rropoli 6par IIIax IIIylxa y6elaer r Br.rpuy H rro-
tu6aer raM BMecre co csoefr ceunefr or pyK pas6ofinuron. Anpaurse6 Br,rraIIIr{B u3 3r{HAaHa crapruero
6para [apa Illyryxa, o6rnuer ero B 6es6oxrau u lprrKa3brraer orpy6ul] ero ronoBy na ropo,4crofi
[notrIaJIH. B ror xe IeHb [oJro)Ic{B orpy6.nenuyro ronoBy flapa lllyryxa Ha rroAHoc, [pr{Ka3brBaer orHe-
crl{ ero K nexauleMy B 3arorregun 6onrnouy orUy IIIaxy lxaxany. IIIax AxaxaH ocJre[, B TerreHr{rr
BocI'Mtr neT nponllBat cJIe3bI, Wep B T.f,XeJrblx cTpqAaHlt{x.' O6szHeuurIri cBonNI nuueMepHbrM? Aeclo-
TLIqrrbIM, KoBapHbIM, cuoco6Hrrvr na .rrto6yro rrl{3ocrb n 6opr'6e 3a rpoH nnacronro6nBbrM I\lrra4rrrnu 6pa-
rou (Aupaur:e6orra) s '5es6oxuu" u Ka3neHurIfr ,{apa IIIyryx, 6rn na caMoM AeJre }IMeHr{TbIM yqenbrM
cy_Qnela. 'CaQunar-ya-aarvrfl" swrfl.stcfl. oguoft Lr3 Aparoqenutx pa6or, HarrucaHnrrx ,{apa lllyryxou n
o6racru CySuerraa.
[apa IIIyxyx B rJraBe noA HtrtBzulueM "H3loxenlre o6crosreJrbcrB Illafixos raprrKara IIIapuS 9um-
Tr4fl" cBoert KHI{ru "CaQznar-yl-awrufl",Iaer lloApo6nyro unSopMarlurc o Illaftxax ororo rapuKara t4
rlrlrer: "XoAxa A6lyrsa.qx(ua 3afifir^l Ia ocB{rLIr Arulax ero raftuy, cquTaercr Mypr{AoM Xa:parr,r
lllaftxa Xacana Eacpu, cltt J'Iliquocrl 6nua xanuQou floserrirers npaBoBepHbrx Aru, 6yler euy-ruru-
Jlocrb Aruraxa. A6qyrnaux<ul,3afiitsl 6ylyg'u o6:ralareneu cuoco6nocrrr rBoprrrb ylrrBr{TenbHbre q1aeca,
6nuu yueuuxovr Xasparu Vlv,ava AtsaMa u 6sutu y eroro Xa:para geprument. KaK roresmyer B oAHoM
\pel.anuv, ryyflfla gepaznrefr [puxoAtlT B rocrrr K rreMy rr rrpoctrT y rrero xurry. TorAa B IoMe se 6rno
x,lJIBbL B ero BpeMJI XoAxa A6lyns4[xul3airfrsl MoJucr Eory o6pauaer cnofi B3op B He6o u c ue6a
na[aer :onorori Aoxlb. Xolxa [pIrKiL3bIBaer lepBr.rmaM B3rrb cKoJrbKo HaIo 3oJrora n llprrHecrH us 6a-
3apa xaJrBbI!" [epnunru raK It Aenarcr... Xogxa A6gyrralxqA 3airfrs\ cKoHqarrcr t 177 raay rutgxpll.3
Aacn-A66as 6rur xarusona Xogxu A6gyr Bal\>KuAa 3artfitga, 14 coBpeMeHHr4KoM Hvraua Aigaua.
U6paxnva Agxar"ra, Eauapa Xa{rra, CyQuma C}pra.

' H1 !y"y dete mapurcarn Yutamua 6 c6ag.l c u.MeHe.M emozo neruKoeo Lllailxa, utupoKo pacnpocrnpaHyJtcfl. no
eceil loeo-Bocmorauoil Asuu.
t.T.@a&zuee.
3edynuto. "@an". Tauaceum, 199L Cmp. 5.
'_Myxanuad lapa lUyrcyx arXanaQu aLr-Kodupu. CaQuna m-yn-q6,xuaHu AH Vs1ercucrrlqHa. Hue. M40L Cmp.
55.

92
 CyLrrau kT1pltxuvt Alxaru 6rrtt laguurtxou Eanxa, BocrlltrblBurcl y @aerta A66aca v npvnr.r or He-
ro AepBr,ru€rrno. CyuecrByer MHoro Mygpbrx uepeuenufr, [poI,I3HeceHHbIX I,IM. OluaxArt OIIIH BHytrI[-
rernHrrfi qeJroBeK cTor Ha Kpbrrrre, qepe3 AbIMoxo/I uocMorpen Ha Cylraua. kl6paxunr AAxau cilpocun:
"Kro rbl rr qro rbl AeJlaerub Ha Kpbrrxe Moero 4otrla?"...Orpounntfi qeJIoBeK cKatiu: 'f xovy ocraHo-
Br,rrbcrr B eroM pa6ate (nocromrtfr ABop)",
- Bor N.aK, Ho gro He pa6tn, a uoft.qou!
- 9rol AoM r{ o6opyAoranue B HeM, or Koro re6e ocra.;rr,rcr?
- Or olua.
- A rBc,eMy orqy?
- Or nponrnbrx rraqumaxoB, To ecrb or Mozx AeAoB.
- Orru'rllo. Teuepr cKax[I-Ka MHe, ecJIIt eror ,qoM ue pa6ar, ro
qro?"
}ru ntoy.rzre-rrbHlre Iz Mylpbre c.]roBa orpoMHoro qenoBeKa yntlrBvnu v osara'q,vru ll6purnva A[Xa-
ua 6lu, Ko1Aa oH cHoBa nocMorpe.rr Ha Hero, To'I' yxe ucqe3. Cylran uo6exar 3a HI,IM eue pa3 crlpo-
cwt:
- Dfr, .vryapuft qeJIoBeK, cKilKI{-Ka, rro rrr?
- fl, X"usp. Hy craxu-ra, ecJru AoM B roroprrfr npflxoAtr u yxoIST , ecrb flpecron, AepeBbt, c44bl
ue pa6ar, ro qro?!"l
Kax sra;lno, B sroM rIptrAaHIIu co c.rroB Xu:pa roBopllTct o MI4MoJrerFIocrIz Mllpa, IteAo.rlllBeqHocrrl
BrIacrI4, o rc)M qro qeJIoBeK He Ao.rrx(eH yRleKarbcr 6oratctnoM, 3Iecb raKuM ror o6patovt lil3,Ilaraerct
cyQnitcxax rlqes o6 acKern3Me.
Ilocle lilt6paxu:vra Agxaua, anrop 'CaQunar-yn-arnu-f," locregoBareJlbHo nepequcnqer raKr{x ruafi-
xoB TapilKala 9fittrrnfl, xar Xolxa Xa4ura, XoAxa Xa6ap Bacpu, Xo.{xa A6lyn Xar IIIaulr, lllafrx
A,ranz ,[uuypu, Xogxa A6y Axua4 A6lar Yzmlu. 3areu [p]IBoArrct uolpo6uocru o cbrl{e H yrIeHI'rKe
XoAxu Axlraga, Xo,qxe Myxauna44e guurrn. Xo.qxa Myxavruag 9umrr,I 6rul AyxorublM IracraBHIdKoM
sgaMeguroii ucropr,rvecrofr nuqHocrn, r{MeHllToro cyJITaHa lanttn, orqa Maxul[a lasnesu Ca6yrreruua.
flolluururuil 6.rraroc.loBeHue cBoero nvpa, BryeBrufifr ero qylorBopcTra Ca6yrrerl{H B cBoe BpeMt
oAepx(a{ Mlrroro uo6en. Xo4xa Myxauvr4q 9uur'rn Wep B 411 roqy xu4xp*y Morr{JIa ero HaxoAllrc.fl B
9uttrre.'
3arev ilprdBoprcfl no4po6nocru o XgAXe Etot qenoser 6rrrt
ureMrHHrrKoM tr ) reHr,rrou Xogxr,r Myxanruaga gumrra- floc;re eroro rIA)m no4po6nocru o XoAxe Mar-
Ay[e rlufirru (npo:ruqe "Kyr6u.u,r1uu"). gror IIIafrx K ceMlt rolaM 3H{uI Har{sycrb Kopan n Bblpoc_ca-
MbrM Kpyrnr,rM )AeHbrM cyQuerur cBoero BpeMeHI,I. Korla IIIaftx Axrrna,u fixauu upu6ur lls fepara s IIH-
Auro, Xo[N:a Maelyg Yflurrra cran ero lvr]prlAoM. I4uenuo rloeroMy B I4cropllil CySu:trla BcrperlaruTcf,
yrBepxAeHlur o roM, vro Axu44 flxarrrlr roxe yqacrBoBiul B Harl,rJre raplrKara 9nrn]r-f,.
3areu tB KHr{re "CaQuuar-y.n-aBtrrre" roBopl{rct o XoAxe Axuale rl6u Margyle Ktytpe 9uurlr.
3ror IIIaftx 6rur trypuloM cBoero orqa. XoAxa IOcyQ gnnrrz oAuaxAbr Bo cue Bvllll Ilpopora My-
xaMMa,qa. Ilpopor Myxarrarrlaa roBopnr euy: "Efi, Axuag rbl Box/IeJreemt nac! Mu yxe AoJIroe BpeMJI
BoxneJreeM 're6fl". Ha c.ne4yroqee yrpo IIIafix Mangyg u6u IOcyQ gumrz orflpanllf,erct B MeKKy I'I
Meguny. Illecrr MecqrleB xrrBer ros:re rpo6nuqrr flpopoKa KaK crpalrcrBylotuflit Aepsnur. flo Bo3Bpalqe-
Hr,rH rrocetrIaer B EarAale MorvJry IIIafixa lllaxa6y4luna Cyxpanaplll, xrlBer B ero xaHaKaxs.
3areu loBopnrc.fi o [apa Ilylryxe lraxe, ctrnxalre, XoAxe Xo.qNn IIIapuQe 3nngutu, IIIafrxe Yc-
uane Xapyuu. IIIafrx Vcuon XapyHll 6rrrr yveuurou Xo4xa tllapzQa. IIIafix Vcuas Xapylz 6ru yle-
H[rKoM Xolxu IIIapuQa. IIIalix Ycuas Xapynr.r B cBolo oqepeAb 6nm yvureleu Xarparu Xolxa Myru-
:ntrggtfiHa gllurur r.r BocrrrrraB Bbrpacrrr.rr ero. Illaiix Yctuau Xapyult roBopItJI o cBoeM AapoBLIToM ) renll-
xe: "Myrnu;TltrH - lro6nrraeq Eora, l 6ecrpaftne ropxcycb, qro 6rur ero )rur{TeneM u Hayrllrn ero s o6rac-
ru CyQu:rraa, BHetrTHHM [r BHyTpoHHLIM Ha;[{aM!". '
Xogxa Marunlr44uu rluurrn cqr.rraerct ocuoBareJreM TapnKara 9.utrrug.. Dror 6larocroseuHrtfr
qeJroBeK KaK rr Bce Apyrlre KpyrrHbte IIIafixu B vcroptrr CyQn:vra gerlcreonan coo6pa:Ho AeBrI3,y flpopo-
ra "A,r-tbarer.rfi-Saxpfll,,i!" (Eeprocrb rrorrerHa!) z go6poBo"Tlbno xnJI B 6eguocrv 14 HllilIere, patAaB Bce
cBoe HMyrqrocrBo AepBrrrlzlM, clrporarr, o6er4oneHrlblM. Mysurunplnu fluunr.r cHaquua e Eyxape, Cauap-

' oCabu.uant-yJl-a6nutu). Cmp. 56.

2 oCafuunam-yr-d6nu.D). Cmp 57.
t oCafuwront-yn-a6nu,D. Cmp. 59.
93
 IijlIIAe, Mepne, a 3areM n llpaxe \ B nppr4x apa6crm crpaHax u3ylrur cyQuficro-rvrr{crr{rrecKue rrayKu.
Kar uu ylKe yrIoMIIHaJrvt, B KLIIITJIaKe Xapyn 6.rrug Huua[ypa nprrM[rKaer K 3naMeHrrroMy yqersoMy cBo-
ero BpeMelrn IIIafixy Vcuany, ABqAIIarl ner cJI)tKr.IT eMy tt Wlrrc y rrero BrryrpeHHnM rr BnerrrHr.rM nay-
rau. 3areu on 6ur co6ece,quuxoM HecKoJrbKrrx rrMentrTr,lx cySuracKr'rx MyAperIoB Toro BpeMeHr{. Cpelu
HIIX: rltrb Mecf,IIeB gnefi 6rur y Xarpatz A6ryn Kagupa r I),r.nane, B Mec-re rrol Ha3BaHr.reu Canuxap
Bcrpeqaercs c HqlNultrAunou Ky6pa, u Xauagane c Illafrxou IOcyQou Xarr,rq4anu, r Te6pugo c IIIafi-
xotvt A6y Ca'r44ow, n Jlaxope c Illafixou Xacanou 3r,rngxauu. Ou yvuncr y Hnx u 6ru ul,lu.
Haxoneq oH rlpllxoAltr r !enu. orryga oH yxoAr.rr r Agxrvrzp. n Aaxunpe oH rrprr3brlur "otrr"ru"
H rrpuBerr B
I4caaira Mecrnoe HaceJreHrle XoAxa My'unuyavtn gvnrru croHqa["s n 633 rbgy *"1*pur. t ^

6uur ogu_lru He lllafrxos rapvKara rfzmrus rr oAHrrM ua xarrnQor Xol-

xu BI{HuI,I}I Haryp l4n/lnu y Hero 6rrrr ruro.roK 3eMJrrr, rAe oH xm.rr co6cr-
BeHHopyrIHo Bo3AenblBilt ory 3eMnlo. Ou yltep n 673 royy xfi.[xpbr, MorrrJ]a ero Hil(o.Ur.rrcr n Haxype, rIe
oH PoAnIcc rr Bbrpoc.
c'tnraerctr c:rMbrM KpyrrubrM IIIafr xor*r rapr,rKara
guunn. lapa IIIyr<yx, KaK t4 Apyme asTopbr rro rrcrop]rr{ Cyera:r,ra, uu-
HuJJsrus' flocrre My'r,rnugguua
tuet, vro XoAxa Kyr6ug4un Eaxrurp Karn po4rrrcr HeIaJreKo or Mapnulana ((Deplana),'6rrut Asau-
xaHa, B Ome.'Xogxa Kyr6aaguH Baxrnxp Onrn raxxe, KaK r{ rpyrue lllalixu raipilra'ra llumul.f,, xr.ur
qec-THLIM TpgoM. IIIafrx Kyr6ug4nu rq/TellrecrBona[ s EarI4.U,
9B9HM TaM orr Bcrpgqarcr u 1ace1osur c
Illarlxorra lllaxa6u44nxou CyxpanapAlr. BepnyBrrrlrcb n Hugnlo o6yranc-a y IIIafixa Eaxay44nHa 3arapu-a
Mylrauu. B Myrrtane IIIaftx @apu1yAgr,ru IIIaxap fauax (fanaxu IIIarap) criur Myprlrou IIIaftxa Kyr-
6alIu.;ga u rro,q ero [prrcMorpoM r{ Boc[uraHueM craJr KpytrHbrM Illafixona yrreuur Yrirnrng.
IIIafrx Kyr6IuAI,In Eaxrurp onrn cronqafic.f, B 633 roay xnAr(pbr rr Morrura ero HrD(oArrrcr n crapori
rlacrrr \etm.
Erqe o,[upllvl KpyrrHhrM flpeAcraBr,rre.fieM Tapr{Kara r{rarurus 6rf,fi Xa.:paru lllaftx <Dapuay4gl,ru Illarap
lau4x, Hacrotlllee LIMJI Koroporo Mac'yA u6u I4:sayuurt u6H. Maxulg. flpegraun Illaitxa (DapuglAluua
6rurr'r uorouru xanuQa Vuapa Xarra6a, ou (IIIarap faHgx) B cBoe Bpel,rfi 6rur npusuan rpyunefiuruu
MynpeuoM, Illaftxorrl rapxKara {ururprs n Hngum. OH ccuraerc{ )l.reH[rKorra u xaluQou III1ft1a Kyr6ug-
&uE,a Baxtutpa Ouru. Ecru uurepecHoe upeAaHrre o [ceBAoHrMe eroro IIIafrxa - IIIarap farux. Olsa-
xAu ro BpeMt ypa3bl, Korla eMy 6ruro ceur JIer, oH He trp[rrrB uraily rocJre gneBHoro locra 6exur,
'Iro6H BcrperrlTbct co cBoIrM tryxoBHbrM HacraBHr.rKou lllafrxou Kyr6zlgnuou Eaxrraxpou Omu, tr BHe-
3arlHo rlaAaer o6eccnreHHrrfi or rIcroIIIeHr{r. B sro BpeMJI KycoK rJrr.rrrbr nonasmufi eMy B por, 6laroga-
ps qylorBopcrBy ero ylure,ilt flpeBparqaercr B caxap (marap). Korla Qapu4quuu Bcrarr Lr rtptrmen K
cBoeMy nl{py, roBopur: "9ir (Daprag, rJrLrHa Bo pry y re6a He rrpocrar rJrr{Ha, a cuxap. Teuepr rbr, cbtH
uofr, clal IIIarap fangxeu, He roJrbKo rruft por \r r.zbrK) Ho rr rBoe co3HaHrre, [oBeAeHI{e rr cJroBa cra-
JIU cJIalKtrMu KaK caxap". C rex IIop JIIOAI{ craJrn ero Ha3brBarr IIIarap lanAx r,r.nu fanqxu IIIarap.
Tnopuecruo v Aetrerlbrlosrr lllaftxa Oapr4ygAr.rna Illarap fasANa (1175-1266) nepaspunno cBr3a-
tto c cyQzficKtlM yrleHlteu rlzrurx.r s HtAuu. (Dapn4yluuu poAr,rJrc.f, B MecreqKe Kxyrnan n6lnrru Myl-
rana. Ero ua6oxnas u peJII,IMo3Ha{ Marb yIeJLtIJIa oco6oe BHI,IMaHue gro BocrrrlTaHrrn. Cnaqana on
ytltrTcx B MeApece cBoero KI{nLIIaKa, a 3areM B oAHoM Ii3 HayqHo-pefl.Irl{o3Hbrx qeHTpoB I{u.quu roro
BpeMeHlI - Mylrane. B srovr ropoAe oH tr3yrlaer ecrecrBeHHbre E peJrLrnroeuo-cySuftcKne HayKr'r. Vlvre:a-
Ho raM oH Bcrpeqaer cBoero 6y4yuero yqureirf, XoAxy Kyr6zgguna Eaxrurpa Omu lr lorraB rroA ero
BJrvlflHr4e, yqurc.fl tr BocrlrrrblBaerct y uero. Xogxa Kyr6n4gran Eaxrurp r;a6upaer ero c co6oft e [e.nu u
TaM Iro trpll3blBy cBoero )Alrrre-rt IIIafix @apu1ygquu Bcry[aer B TapuKar gunnzx. floc;re cMeprpr l]fait-
xa Kyr6ugurna B 1236 rogy, oH 3aIuB srrcorufr rrocr cBoero rflpa, crar pyKoBoAl,rrb q.rreHaMlr rapr,rKara
r{urrcafl, n Hnnun.
@apzayalun IIIarap fallux Harlrlcalr na nen4xa6cKoM r3brKe Mnox(ecrBo crzxorBopenuri. B ertr
crl.Ixux Boc[eBalorct fiAev paueucrBa Mex(Ay JrroAbMrr, Henpltt3Hr,r 6orarrrr rr r{3JII,IUecrB, Mr,ulocepAI,1c K
6eAnrnra u cfiporaM, Apyx6u LI corpyAHuqecrBa MexAy rru.[yccKrrM 14 MycyJrbMaHcKuM HapoAaMr,r, u.qeu
KorophD( 6tutu Htawruvla B yvrenlru tlunrrnf,. IIIafrx Oapu4lggun IIIarap fangx B KaqecrBe Kpy[Horo
AyxoBlroro JIiAepa rapuKara Ilznrtur ocraBrrr rrocJre ce6g uuoxecrBo ) reurrKoB.

I oCaQunam-yJN-a6nufl>. Cmp, 60.

' oCabuu.am.-ytr-a6nufl>. Cmp. 62.

94
 IIIafix IIIarap lanAx npoxorB llonro (95 ner), cKorrq:urct s 664 roAy xr{Axpu. Ero MonrJIa Ha(o-
Alrrcs B KTIuIJIaKe 6arun, MexAy Myrtanona ra Jlaxopou.'
Vqesurc mafrxa Illarapa lan[xa - Xa:parra IIIafix Hu:auy4un Anrru.fl TaKxe cqvraerctt oIHI{M n3
KpyrIHbIX M aBTopr,rrelgSpl TIIafrxoB TaprlKara Ylrrrrz.fl s VInltun. Ero ucrrannblM uMeHgM rrurlercx My-
xartar,ra,u u6rr Axnral [anuffr Eananyulr, a [po3Bzrqe y Hero 6rlto "Cyltau-yJl-Milruofiux" (Cylran IIIat't-
xou). B 6<t:nmnucrne cyQulicxux pa6or oH rr3BgcreH rrMeHHo rIoI srltM npo3Br{ueM.
Hu:auy4[un Asrtus AocrlrrrlyB coBeprrreHcrsa s o6racru pa3Jrurlnblx Ira)K, orllKtr I,I Teoronll{ cBo-
ero BpeMenrr{, [pocJrzlBl{Jlcr Bo BceM cy6rouruuenre Zu.qocrarr KaK caulrfr xpynnuft IJIaftx, nutuxnit
yseHbrfi cyipuri raprrKara 9ufirr.rs csoefi oroxll. ,[axe [elufrcrue cynrallbl BbIcoKo TIOqHTaJII'I ero'
IIIafrx Hu3iaMyAAuH Annzr B 9Tonr,rqe letu, Bocrrl4Tiur 6onnuroe KorI{qeCTBo yrIeHuKoB.
flo uueuuro HeKoropbrx 3anaguux yqenbrx cyQueregor, upeAKlI Hnrauy,tl4lna AuI|rEr. npuitSn t
lIHAHro ur I{enrpallnofr A:ran, oceJru n XII rere r E4loyue. B 6olrruuncrBe cBoeM JrIo,M .x(I{BrIIIre B
srofi rzxpft ra cnoroftuofr o$lacru ne lro6run BMemLIBarbct B rocyAapcTBeuflblg Aena. Hagsa]c.ue
"Xoaxa" ytKtr|blBaer, qro oH[I [por43olllJr]r lr: I{eurpalbHoa3l{arcKoft cuncu;rlt Xogxaran. Il3Bectno, 'tro
crr1rc4ra XoAxarau Haq:uracb n MarepanHaxpe c XoAxu A6qyxarrr.rra fzNgynauu' qerBeproro xaluQa
BerrrrKoro lllafixa XII rera IIIafrxa IOcyQa XauaAasIa. Hu:auylunn s 64O-64U1243-I244 ro.ry B Eauo-
yHe B ceMbe Aoqepu XoAxu Apa6a Eu6z 3y:rafixa u crrna XoAxu Astu XoAxll Axuqla u r 6g5ro1eu
cra.,r Hu:anqauunonr Annur (cnrroft) z,ru Cy.nran-yn-irlanrafinxau (Cylrau Illafrxon). Vrar, I\4bI BIrII{M,
qro H B 9'r,oM 3BeHe raprrKar gufipra-s cMbrKaercs c ocHoBauHotl seruruM Illafixovt Xa:paru A64yxalu-
xou frx<4yralrl{ ct4JrcI,IJIofr Xogxarou.
Kor4a yN{sp orerl, fn:auylguuy 6rno rrxrb Jrer. Ha6oxnas rI WHat Eu6n 3ylaftxa BocrII{TaB ero c
oco6ofi ffo6osnro rr ycepA[eM, Bbrpacrr{Jla n3 Hero rar[{uITJIrIBoro u cIrJIbHo l,IrlTepecyoilIeroct MI'IcrI'rqe-
cKuMLr HaylKaMIr MoJIoAoro UapHt.-
Xorr Konr.recrBo yqeguron Husauyluuna Aarrus (Cy,rmn-yl-uatuoftuxa) sa ldJf'!fiitcKoM rloJlyocr-
poBe orrerlr, 6olruloe, ero cJreAylotrIue rrerDlpe yqeHLIKa (xannsorvr ap1ata) 3aHl{Maror oco6oe MecTo B
icropum rzrpr.rKara gnmrr,rs: Arvrzp Xycpan,{exnanu, IIIaftx fapr.r6 n IIIaftx Xacan ,flexlanu.
Cy.rran-yt-rrramofrux cKoHqarrc.fl n 725 rolry xI{Ax(pbI rr Morr,Ina ero HaxoALITcq y ero ManloJrefl, rAe
rpoucxoA[Ir co6pauue B3rq4y caMa', neBrIbI BoJIHrrenbHo pacrreBilor crr4xu., AepBrrrnu flcrroJlHflIor SIrKp-
caMa'. '
Kar yxe yrroMr{Harrocr, Aurap Xycpaa [ex-nann cqllTaerct .irrc6rnarna u [epBr,IM xanuQou lllaitxa
Hu:ar"ryruuua Affrras. Ilpe4ox Auupa flerularu 6rlr rrcproM ns Fa,'Ixa. Ho ecrb cBeIeHI'It,
qro er\)
flpegKr{ poiqoM us I]enrpamnofi A:uu. Kax nunryr aQrancxrae )Aleurre, upeAKr.I Auupa XycPaaa,[exla-
su fitrilu pogoM re Earxa vrm pr3 lllaxpuca6sa (anm Kema) u 6exas Bo BpeMf, MonroJrbcKolo uanecT-
o
Br{r, oK,Blurucs t [eitn Myxanluaakl6paxnu Xanzl B rlpeAlrcnosvil4 csoeir pyKorlrlcu rrumer o rlopK-
cKoM uMeHrr Xycpana:
Ear, lo-rroprcxn Jloqlrr (Coxo:r). Heroroptre JreToflrlcrlbl trlltuyr cJIoBo JIo.IuH KaK HasBaHIre nJre-
MeHr.I, rro cJroBaM Apyrrrx, ero orua seanfi JIoquH, rlooroMy oH Ha3bIBaJI ce6r Xycpar JIosmM oro ltMl -
lp[rarareJrbHoe rrepcklAcKoM r3hrKe. IIo ylBepxlenust}l Cylraua Xycafina Mupsa u
X^a:parn )15auu, , ro ecrb oH npIrHaIInex(aII K apllcroKparlrl{, Bo3Moxtto Jloqun 6ruI
nMsHeM Xycpana
Hrar, nisaBuclrMo or roro, rr3 neBoro nu 6epera Alrygaprz L4Irtr rrs rrpaBoro 6rut npe4ox Xycpana
qeJloBeKoJlro6uruIrl
\exsrava, c,ltyr oH, 6ygy,Iu rpynuefinruu cycpuficrvM yrreHblM, BeJIIIIKITM MbrcJIIITeneM,
rrogToM, flBlrrstcs. nepcot3blqHblM I{ yPAyt3bFIHbIM IetTeJIeM Kynbrypbl kftrynu.
-
f,'wanyllun A6y:r Xacan Arrlup XycPan ,{enraru, oH poArlJrct B
|lonncle ur'lr Xycpana ,[exnarr.r
65111253 roAy B Mecre.rxe flarnssm na 6epery lanra. Ero orqa snanu Avrup CariQyaaran, oH 6nn poloM
n: Cpegno:urrarcKoro rropKcKoro nrreMeuu. On 6nur BbIHyxIeH Bo BpeMf, MoHroJrbcKoro HalrecrBut 6po-

t ,-yr- 63.
2 uu A Qop de Xepm. [Iepeeod u rcouueunx&puu E.Jloypeuc.Llnmpedyrc4un Eau Xarurc
A t ru. 92. Cm7 12.
3 ocaQuam-yn-a6)ulfl>>. Cmp 63
o
Ctw;-Myxadnuad Pl6poxu.u. Xanu.n. IllapxuLllyxmacapu. arclon 6a ocopu A-ttup Xycpae. Ka6yn 1340 xur)xpu. Cmp.
"Ixuu".
t IIIapxu a.rc6cut 6a acapu Auup lrycpae. Cmp' ",[ttcu"+t"
95
 9yr poauofr ropoA KeIIl (Illaxpuca6z) yiru s I{uAuro. OAsuu r{3 ero crmoneri 6nr .fluunylun Xycpar.
Xycpan 6otlbnryro qacrn ceoefr lil{3Hu rrpoBeJr y letm u nooroMy u:.r.n nrac6y "!extavu,,.
_OAtru
u: cyJITaHoB [etlf/., rropr IUaucyAAr,rH oJrryrMarrr (1211-1233) aau orqyXycpana 3Ba]rue aMrr-
pa. On ulvtel 6olrnroft anropurer Bo .qRopqe cynrarra. Arvlrzp CafiQyvmn Maxr,ryg'norr6 s 66o/1261
IOAY IIPOTI4B MOIIIOJIOB, BOCEMb JIET,
6onruro
My-TrK rrpr4raBa-rr anurc, :a6or
B 671/L273 rosry 2 rplr3B{ut Ko
rar "Malur Yxagxy". ran 6lu:or
rollbcKoro IJtnIecrBrIlI. Ilogr s oAHoM Ir3 cBoI,Ix crlaxorBopeHIafr ouucrrgagr.
JDKacH u Hecqacr6r, BbI[aB-
III.IE HA IOJIOBY HAPOAOB VIwIIIla B PE3YNrTATE MOHTOJIICKOrO HAIITECTBIItr:

'Taacyfrvrlr 6 6ano 6ym ocrvron4r.rH KoJra,qyp,

Eyl Kueuar 6ru oQar xap roMogAr,rHr4 Kena,Ayp...
Elra yvrau 6apru ryrrAeK .rap4eMytrr alcrnap6y ryH,
Eaprpeurur rreBacrr y 6jcrorrruaH Ksnalyp.
Xarr rf: enru xyAa nlr o64u rlpr 66qa 6y*y",
Mr.rcnu 6eur 4apd 6fifo6 ullrougulr Kerag5qp...',
("Cyar6a rrr4 cvrs u.qer co cropoHbr ue6ec,
CneronpectztBJ'leHl{e Itn cvle, Hecqacrbe vAer co Bcex cropoH...
Kar nenecroK po3br Ha Berpy pa^r6exzurucb Apyub, ceroArrrr,
Berep nncrorrqla r,rAer co cropoHbr cana ceroAr{,
Cneerr J'rroAcKrre [poJII,ITbr cero,qHr c r{erbrpex cropoH,
Io4o6uo nrrrr peKaM rrAer co cropoHbr Mylraua-cero.qn.a...,')
Autlp Xycpar c 1290 uo 1320 roA cJI)DKr{Jr Bo rBoprle cyJrranoB Aenz. B reqeHr{r4 cnoefr Aorrori
oH cn)tKun y ce.Mx cynrarloB rr3 rl{Hacrrru [aJlr4uraxot ,[enu a rlo rpqAvllur{ Toro BpeMeHr.r rro-
x(I'r3rrrl
cB{trItu IrM CBOr,r rpy4r,r.t
He cnorpl Ha ro, vro Avrurp_Xycpat6wn [pLrABopHbrM rrooroMz oH BosHerr€lBrrAen ABopuo,Byro Mep-
3ocr6, r roTopoi )KI"IJrI{ cyJITaImr .{enu. B ueroropux cBor{x pa6orax oH x(aJrytcb trr.r[rer o roM, qro rro
sorefi cyAe6 ou 6rrrr rrnryNAeH cJryrorrb HM.ilK4IM r,r Hr4KyAbrrrrHbrM JrroArM.
Auup Xycpan c AercrBa oqeub :rrc6un [ficarb cruxrr. Ec.uz os culM B Ar4BaHe "fyppar yr-KaMor,'
roBopur, "c [ercrBa xeMvyra", to r gpyrofr pa6ore - B rrepBoM AvBaHe "TyxSar yn-"uiip1'Bo BBeIeHr.r[
trtrIlrer: "Oreu [ocJIarI MeHs B trrKoJry ytrr4rcs r4 noBropsr praQuu, yrureli Calalaruln lvlyxaurug rarr-
lnrpaQ yqfin MeHfl qI{crorIIIcaHIlIo, t BMecro eroro lIuciil ciuxll... C Aercrux rrop t rrvcaJr c\-vxvr vt
IUL3,lJIbr, OT KOTOpbrx 'trpttxo4uulE B n3y\,lrlgrrHe B3poc.rlble". EcTb paccKan noKa|3brBar0lllnit,
rcar c AeTcKrrx
JIer oH uMer 6omIrroe MacrepcrBo nrrcarb cruxu. O] 3aMecrr,rrerb KyrBilra (roueugaura ropoga)
rro3BirJl r ce6e [orrlofr Xogxy Acuna Ca,sAuruuna, rrarrr4calr AJr{ Hero HecKoJrbKo nucem.
-Xyc_
poB roxe [pI4xoII'IT BMecre c Ca'nl.u4&tuou. C:ryr Ho B Tor AeHb B goue Xogxu Acula 6rrn Manrrono
Xogxa Azuzyulun. CatA*tAALttt xarrar (raurulpa$) npe4craauer Xo4xe A:u:1g.4uny cBoero yqeHrKa
Xycpaua: "MaBroHo, y groro M,urbquilrKI4 rlof,Bltrrlct nosrrfi "q3bIK" z on t"ri"t Koe-KaKHe crvxw'!,,
Xogxa Aeusl24Ilu naer Xycpary c6opnux crr{xoB (6aru) n roBoprrr: " Hyra cbrHoK, upovrrafr-xa ns
sroro 6arga cr*rx". Xycpar c lplrtrrrbrM Ir 3B) rrrr,rM ronocoM qr{raer oALrH crrrx us 6aABa i c uoor"uzenn
crr.rxoB Xycpara co cJre3aMlr Ha rrra?ax roBoprr:
4xe A:u:1q,uuuy: "Ilponepbre cnoco6nosrr srom)
T lonoro Xycpara coqraHlrrb u3 TaKr4x HenoAxoAs-
UlIx 4py1 K Apyry HII ro Qopue. Hrr uo 3rraseHl{Io cJron, KaK "Myir- (eoloc), "6u\sd' (ceur), ..rup"
(xonle), "xap6y:a" (4um). Xycpan rorra c 3ByrrHbrM r,r [pr{rrrrbrM roirocoM qrlTaer cne4yroqufr py6aui

"{ap ufrZuue 6a eyrQu cuey,^u oH caHaM acr,

Caa 6aftzafi an6apnn Aap oHvr!fi :arvr acr.
9yn rvp 6ulos pocr Ar{Jra[po, 3epoK

' Illa-tuyxa-uedoe_lA. fy'uauusu-6adufinurc antzeu. (rua ytdro nz.) Tautrceum- trIsdamentcmso numepamypbt w ucKyc-
cm6a urteHu f.l-ynnwa, 1977. Cmp. 162-163.

95
 Yllrr xap6y:a AaHAoHaM AapyKI,I ilIIKilM acr!".r

llrar, Auup Xycpau,fleutaml 6u:r uoerovl "cMetrraB[uM rrcrrrHbl flpoco ueta$op" (Hanoll). Hnaqc
roBopr cy{rnlicrno rr rroerr{qecKoe rBopqecrro flexlaru palBHo3HaqHbI, ro ecrb oH a r'enurcuir cySwit, u
uooT rwaHltcT.
Tenepn BepHeMcr r naruefi rnasHofi TeMe - r nogpo6HocrrM TapI,IKara 9r,rnrrzt, K I{3Jloxenilrc To-
ro, qro Alnlr,rp Xycpao rnrrrercr oAHLtM t'r3 Kpynubrx rrpellcraBLtre;reft rapurara rfrinnus. Kar yruepxEaer
caM rroor c r:ry6orulvr y6exlenuerrr r,I ilorrrsHueM B Kax[oM BBeAeHLIU B cBoI{ [ooMbl, ero ytILITeJrb Il
HacritBHr{x: Cynran yn-rr,ralnofrux (Husarvrugtrn Anrnr) craBI{-rI Xycpaaa Bblme Bcex ocraJrbHblx MyplIAoB
u yrregr,rKol. Bcerga Bo.qrrJr c co6oft Xycpana. ,{axe u Merrcy z Meguuy B3SJI c co6ofr cBoero lrc6uuoro
yqenr.rKa. Flu:aulgArzu aurus. HacroJrbKo .rrc6ur cBoero Bbllarorlleroct u ytr,ruoro yrIeHHKa Xycpaaa, vro
BcerAa o cBoeM yqeur,IKe Bonnyscb I'oBopr,rJI: "B nesb crparnHoro cy[a, KaK I,I y Bcex, y MeHff cupoctr:
'.9To ml lrpr.ruec c co6oft crc[a?' - Torga q c olpoMHofi nrp4ocrblo cKil]Ky: "Mau cysu crIHoM IrH TnpKo
orapAau!" (-fl upuuec ropruee cepAqe Bor eroro rropra!). ,{efrcrnnrennn<1, lprzft cBer B ceplue Auupa
Xycpana C,LL'I HacronrKo cHJIeH, rITo rrepeAHsr cropoHa ero cBrtrIeHnofr py6amKu BcerAa 6rura upoxxe-
Ha Ao AbrFr, [r,t[rer aBrop Knrrrn'"CaSr.ruar-ytt-awrrtrfl".'Ecrn clegyloqufi paccra3 o cKpoMHocru Auzpa
Xycpara ll,ex-taru. Dror paccra3 rroMoraer rroHf,Tb trcKpeHHr4e orHorrreHlrt Menqy )qI,ITeJIeM Lr yqeHu-
KoM, Hu:rauylAunou Aanfis H Xycparou flexraru. Xycpau Bcerna xaryscb rIpocI{JI Cylran-yn-
vauafrrxaL: "IIup uoft, fl AepBulr, a rMt rr,toe 'Auup" (uur n4guuaxa), roxanyicr4 lafire MHe Apyloe
t,rla-r". Ero yqr.rrenb HlrsaMyAAIaH Amzs roBopr,rn: "Ero cutrleHHoe I{MII re6e Aaru rBoH poAI4TeJII{, a B
vx cepAlla ero lroMecrflr A,rnax-sceuoryuzfi Tu, cbru uofi, octauellrbct c grI,I[[ cBtIIIeHHbIM IrMeHeM.
Elqe nouur, qro 'rbl ne o6ru<noseHHlrri AepBLIIr, a rra,unruax Bcex 4epnunrefi. V znail, rITo AepBHlIu
lrc6r,ruqu An.lax, 3Hagr{T TbI fialfimax Bcex nro6nMl1es A,Traxal" Erqe Cylrau y,r-uanrariux npol{3Hec
"uro6znaouy )qenrrKy c;reg5norquft 6arir:
"I4u Xycpanu uo acr,
3eporu, Xgou H cr". 3
(Dro-naur Xycpon - Cuaczrenr Xycpor,
I,16o, fior- saru Cnaczreru Xycpar).
O uo,cneAur.rx Arrrx rr KoHqnHe yrrurenfl I,r yrreHr{Ka, Hu:aulq4llua AnlIrl.fl n Arvrlrpa Xycpara Aer.ra-
Btl, COXp1U{IIJIOCb OAHO )Ar{BLITeJIbHOe I,I[O) II4Te.[bHOe rlpeAarrue.
flpe4aur.re: "Oguaxgu oAr{H.qepBnr[ rprrmen r Cylran yn-uanrauuxy. Cylran yt-uamafinx cKa3zut:
'Ceroru-fl \{He Heqero lrocraBltrb Ha ltacrapxErH, K coxarleuvlro, fl. He Mory cero4Hf, re6x ycuot<orrrb, IrpI4-
xoALI rrororyr". Vepee HecKoJrbKo guefr sror AepBrrr[ cHoBa rlpuuen K ul{py. Cy,rrau yl-uaurar.inx cKa3aJI:
"TrI cHosa flpllmen Ko MHe c naAex,qofi, oAHaKo, tl ceroAHt MHe HeqeM re6r yrocrnrb, Ho ne reprfr
Hanexglbr. )Ja 6epu!", v Aur eMy, crrflB cBor4 r,uo[ru. flepeuur B3.sr ratrourlr cBoero MIopmI{Aa H yllrer.
flo gopor,e oH Bcrperr{lrr I,rgyrrlelo orKy1a-ro n Aerm Auupa Xycpana. Xycpar y3rrzlB orolo repulz:]ra,
c[pocIIJI e,I'o:
- Buqel Jru rbr rraluero Be;rr4Koro llupa? Kar ero sgoporue? leprranr orBeruJl: "3qoporre flupa,
clasa Aflraxy, xopomee". Xycpan etrle crtpoclln AepBIrIua:
- Karae y re6t AoKa3areJrbcrBa, qro 3gopoBr,e HatrIero rurpa xopoilee? fiepnum rroKa3alr eMy riuro-
ury Cylran-yn-uamauftxa. Xycpae y3HaB ra"rrouy cBoero IracraBHI,IKa, cKa3aII: "He uponamr nI{ MHe ory
ralomy?" ()n cra3a,'I: "flpogard". 3arevr oH garrJrarrirr rurrb JIaKoB n.flTbcor rblctq 3a roJrotrIy cBoero yqu-
TeJUI, rrpu:uarr .[r,trloM K rzuorre u 6ucrpo orrlpaBllnct B AeJrI{, K cBoeMy HacraBHI,IKy. KorAa on upu6rlr
r ,{elu, Cylrarr-yn-uallaftnx }rKe rrpe.ucral nepel Auaxov. Jlogn cKpbuILI ory HerIpLItrHyIo HOBocrb or
Xycpaua" lB; ry xe uovr Cylrau-yl-uauraiux tlpucHlrncfl eMy I{ cKa3iul:
- 3fr,, Xycpar, rhl, cblH uofi, rynul MoIo rafiotrry 3a oqeub leurenyo qeny!
Xycpar rlorlyllB rlpotl3orxermeu co6urvre, craJr cl{,'lbHo Bo,'rHoBarbct n 6ecuorovrbct. Eblcrpo Ao-
6exar Io t:,na46latla Ha oKpaune .[,elu, ilplrrrarr nLrUoM K MorHJIe cBoero Vqurem ra rpoMKo, c roperlbK)
gapbllan, o.tulaKrlBrur Ero. fopror, crrJrr,Flo Bonrytcb Ha.q Morr{notrt Yuuresw, roBopHT:

' Myxa-ttna,il U6paxuu Xatun. IIIapxu ,tiyrm.dcap ax6ut 6a ocopu, - A-uup Xycpao. Kadyn, 1340 ruiwpot Cmp. 5.
" I yttauuzn-obaduiinurc anoeu". Cmp. 166.
t IIIyxyx. CaQtwnm yn-a6tafl.. Crnp. 64.
t ilopo
oCaduuam yn-aanuaD. Cmp. 64.
97
 - o Annax! Moe colnqe Jrexur B 3eMlre, a s ueroArft Xycpon xoxy lto gevle!
flocne eroro Xycpar wur 6es uyncrr u qepe3 ruecrb MecsueB, roprcr v crpgql*, yrrreJr 3a cBor{M
yrII'ITereM s 725 (1325) roAy xLIAxpu. Ero MoruJra HaxoArrrcr s
Aeru, y uo4uoxua Morr.rJrbr ),qurert
Cylran-yl- uaur afi uxa. I
III-arix Hacypylnnn {uparn Aexrr.r roxe 6ru r{MeHHrbrM lllafixorr.r, cySufrcruu yqeHbrM aperur Ha-
poAoB Vluaun. On o4nn u3 qsrblpex xanudpor Cylran y:r-uaruafizxa (IIIafri Uusaruryanuua
qeroBeK IoBopf, "xaluQu cyHHar" (nporur cyuuu)
Aurar;. gror
He lrcrroJrHf,Jr carrr ' u Cyrlan yl-uanaftnx Huqero
os eAarrze o ero cM IepBr,rtrr
He arb HoxeBbrx pa nofrMas
ero Hx, cKa3arl: ,.He flulo ro
eore Annaxa' On npu6stusutr Melrq K Bcrpeqe c Arraxou. Hao6opor, Bo3Harpalrrre ero, u6o on uor
rloPaHIlrb ce6r rorga 6ul uens HoxoM", gepes rpr,I roAa rrocJre ororo rparuqecKoro co6rnus
B, 55:.
ro[y xErx(pn, Xazpara 9rlparu lexnu Wep or MarroKpoBru Bbr3BiurHoro orr,rMq rrxeJrblMr,r palreHrurMrr.
Ero uoruna Haxo,qfiTcs na mag6uue 6nn: Hosoro [enz.
3arerrl zlBrop KHrIrr "CaQuuar-yn -aBrus" lapa IIIyr<yx rroBecrByer o IIIaftxe A6ty,r Kyl4lce fau-
rypv u ero yqenr,rKe IIIafixe ll3necruo, vro .{xalanearuas-Taxanrfpu 6rur
TIoCJIeAHI'IM IlpelcrilBl{re,'reM rapllKara 9nurrr. Ilpegrz Taxannypu 6:,;tsttt us poga
Kapynu. On o6y'ta-
erct y Illarixa I'aurypz v craHoBIITct oAHrrM ua nocrreguzx Illafixbs rapr,rKara grzmrfi.f,.
06 eroN{ Irlafixe raprlKara rllrurus raKxe coxpaHr,rrocb uHrepecHoe fipeAarrue: "offraxlbr, oALrH
MYpzr IIIaftxa .[ ecKoJIbKI,Ix Jrer ccop 14 pBelvfr. Hrlqefo ne go6lrnnrr,rcr,
6esn44exno npn vry r4 oflparutct k neitry: "IIIafrx uoft, Hsrectrlrfr u
gnaueuutrtfr Bo cBoeM MHpe AyxoBeHcrBa E rrpocBelqeuz-r,
ruafrx-Illafixor H4[xuzAAzn K]6pa B cBoe
BpeMrI 6nu rarzu MoryquM rrr{p-Mrcpruu)IoM [zp-MyprrAoM, rrro rra roro-6rr oH He B3rJrrHyJr y
roro no_
.gBrlsracb MoIrIb BulJII4. Brr toNe, uoft nnp, B3fJIrrHfiTe Ha MeHr rar, vro6u r cKopoe cran saru! IIIafrx
.flxarale.qguH cKa3aJr groMy 6ecqepeuouiouy u 6espaccy4uoMy yrreHtrKy: ..Iloveuy cbru rrloli, Il ceriqac
cpeAll Hac ecrb raKIIe BeJIIIKI{e lTTafixt, o Koropblx rbr roBoprlrub" u 6pocm Ha ororo MyprrAa clponrfi
u cepr'e3Hblit ssrw.A, qro ror HeBblrepxaB oror B3rJurA ynal 6es uyrcrn, [ocJre rlerc y Hero [orBlr.]racb
MotrIb BaIIrr' O4naro qepe3 HeKoropoe BpeMs oro'r 6ecqepeuonnrrft u 6espaccyAurrft, crartrruit surueu
It)plu HeBblrepxaB HoIIru BzlJIIl ororrreJr B Mrrp uuofi. Torga IIIafix flxa,rategguu Taxasnupr{ cKaniur
ApyruIM MypI'rAaM: "Buaettu, MotI cblHoBbt, He rax,qrrri Mox(er upuo6pecrn MorytrIecrBo BaJrIr, Arrr eroro
Toxe HyrKHa qucraf, nors A'L'raxa".2
Overz,quo 3Aec6 cne[yer cAerarb BbrBoA n o6parurn BlrnMaHrre Ha etrIe oArrn Bzl]KHhrfi uoueHr. Kax
3au4quoro yqeHoro BocroKoBeAa-cyeneuega
Bo BpeMeHa IIIafixa locy$a Xauagauu z ero
I'rxgyrann, s XII-XIII nerax, KorAa ) reHne Ha-
, qro rapuKatrr r{umrlu u Xogxarog 6ulu orlenb
6rusxu Apyr K Apyry. Cnoso XoArca il{myuleecr rrepeA uMeHaMr{ Illafrxos raprrKara I{nllrw, Mbr AyMa-
glvl' cJryxgr rlolTBepxneHueM Hanlefr urtc;ru. Oco6ento, ecJlrl upItHJITb Bo Bnt{Miurrle ro, qro yIeHr{K
Xolxu Myrunn44llHa 9r,rmrz, cavmrft sHaMeazrrlfr IIIaftx rapvKura Igrutnrus. IIIafix Kyr6ll4guu 'E*xt"-
rp Karn (ouu) 6rrr rrrxo4lleM n3 tDeprancrofr .qoJrr{Hbr n rb, vro Avrup Xycpan .fiexlanu 6lur pogorvr
H3 TIopKoB Cpegneft Altvil ro uu y6exAaeMc.r B 6nu:ocrr.r raplrKaroB Haxu6aslus. u r{v: lu.s. yro u
cBolo oqepeAb cBltAereJrrcrgyvt o fipoAo.lrxaror\vxcr. c /ipeBnurx BpeMeH TOpfoBo-oKoHoMI{qecKI,IX, O6qe-
crBeIrHo-rIoJrIrrI{qecKI,IX, AyxoBHo-Kynbr)fpHbrx cBqs{x MeXAy HapolIaMH Cpe4HerZ A:nz (Tlprecrana) lr
I,.I.nguu, flaKzcraua, Eanu44erua, AQrauucrana.

H:BectHo, vro (Daenyn-nax Hal,ruu (1339-1394) twllrercr. o,uHHM r{3 Kpyrrrrbrx .r.xlpKor3bFru6rx cy-
Qzricrax r,ooroB, rlpltHarnex(aqrrx rapr.rKary Eexramus. On poAllrcq s 74O io,qy rl,Ilr.pit (1339-134O') n
ropo[e Te6puse. B 775 roAy xllrr(pst (7374) coBepmrn raroMur4qecrBo B Memy nr iavr uuea 6ece4u
co MHorrrMIt ) reHbrMr4. B 788 roAy xfiIxprr (1386) ocHoBzur cBoe yrreur4e Xypyeur (or cnora ..Xape',

t-
<CaQuuam yn-darru-n>. Cmp. 64.
" Iapa lllyrcyx. Cafuuuam yr-cutut. Cmp 65

98
..Eyrna,,). B Tttt ro[y xr{Axptt (1394) ro yKa3aHr{ro Avrzpa Teuypa 6rur ra3Heu ero cbIHoM Mnpaurna-
xoM B Illupraner.
araerc.f, Teop yreHl./JI 14 ocHoBe
u.uIIarI{ [BYx ura' 3ro s XIV
ocuone CYIP ro ecrb tr YtPueua
Jrgxr,rr [aHTetBM- cnoeo6pasuoe yqenue Baxrarl'I Byrxyl.
Ero sHasur, o6oxecinutenrae gelosera 9s[oser gennrufi ll coBepuenllrtfi, KoropoMy np[AaHbI
3HarIeH[Ie, IIeHHOcTLn fa'IectSa 6Ota.
(Darury:uax Houutl B oAHoM I{3 cBoI'IX crIIxoB tllrltrer:
'Xact V ouna r€TrIIttMo,
Meryrat Xar< anaapy Haul'y HailIO"'1
To ecrn:
"Ou (Eor) - 3epKilJlo floxoxee Ha MIrp,
B neu (n reprane) ilpotB,'nlercs' Vlcrtrsd'.
rDaary:uax Hottuz KaK ero teluxr.lft upeArrrecrBeuuur Xo,qxr'r Eexraur ra,rz XypacaHI'I BbIABI{raer
yrreHfle ByAxyltrrnH (Bax]rarr,r Bynxyr).Tomno, Iiora u geroBeKa, Bce cyuee oH BIIAIIT n 6yxnax (xypyQ)'
ilo yuenrlro, paBHBIe Bory,-Ye,roBeKy II ncei scereuuofi (upupo4e) 6yrrn (xypytp) - cylqscrBylol1fie
".o(lrafi); or:O Verrtpe gneMegTa. OfoIIb' BoAa, 3eMJLfl kI Bp3AJD(' TO ecTb rleTblpe eJIeMeHTa cOcTaBrIsIo-
nelqU
uue xlro cyuero (nr,r
rnacttrIue: "X)Ao '{ap xaMMa )Ko acr"
llauuu sacro
(Eor r), 'xygo 6ap x ercr cpenoii AJI' Bcero clmlero), 'XaMMa
anru6 Xar acrr'; lBce e"rt Hcrzua Eor), 'XaMvra auru6 rgx)au olaM acr" (Bce cocraBJlter cytrIecrBo
velonera).
(Daulynlax Hanuu [o,u Ha-
B nauzcan:noM rra [epcu,(cKoM Jtr3brKe QrurocoQcro-cyQnfrcroft pa6ore
3BaHueM "AxaguAnoua" raxxe rrrilrercfl: "I{^uconz iouu;r gip ruapra6zlr{ Mox, clrropa la xypurug act"
II cOnHIIa).
JIyHbI, 3B$AbI
xypyQu:u raplaKara EertaruIu, oIIeHb BbI-
Lr3 yqenrrs,
coKo srBrleHHoro, Conepnreunoro 9eroBeKa c KarlecrBaMu
Bora, HcrllHHoro flpocrxrqeunoro, Bnro6JreHrroro B noJrHoM cMbIcJIe gToro cJIoBa, Bo3BbIIIIaer ero Ao
ypoBHt Jllmnr, reesA u connua. Taroe rrcrr,rHHo ryr4aHI,ICTfijIeCKOe yIeHI4e rloKa3blBaer, qTo TsqeHIIe
bj"*tam* n cpopue xypyQu:rnra s XIV-oru BeKe 3 ur-flro oco6o BuuKlroe Mecro B Ilcroprru Cy$urua na
cy$uftcro-
Bocrore. flora:rrsaer, qro K eroMy BpeMeHr,r Eerranrz.f, crzula BecbMa nepeAoBblM
QunocoScrrrM TeqeHI,IeM.
' Tarrlrrr o6pa:ou, Mbr craHoBuMct cBIrAsreJUIMI,l roro, qro 3aHLIMaBIIIee s XIV BeKe oAHo I'I3 rJlaBeH-
cTByrcIq14X ncuroxeU1fi n o6qeCrneHHo-[oIIH rypUou XI43H[I TIopKoS3bItIHbIX
rrapoAoB Typulrlr (Auarouran), A:ep6aft4xana, uu, MareAounv rplirux srpaH
'1
cb B caMylo fiporpeccllBuylo'
Erponrrv,- Azwu, yrleHve Eerralluq (n Qopue ry-
MaHucruqecKylo, xr{Bylo u co3I4,[aTeJIbHyIO tlleonon'Ilo TOIO BpeMeHI{'

Conrrue Aro6nz na He6e Be'rgoctla

Ml.lranFntrzg llaclall,lra)
yrIeHLIM,
EuIe oruruu flpeAcraBr{reneM yr{egr.rr EeKratrlIaf, KpyrIIrbIM ropKot3brq_Hblrrl cyQufrcrutM
MbrcJrrrreJrr{ kr rroeroM r-yr!,raHr{croM cqlrraerct I{rrlagyIgl'ru Hacraull (1370-1477), On pol.Lrlrctr B

I36glt371 rolt/ B ropo[e i11"ru*" Aeep6aranxana. groi 6errauruficrrafi yuenrtfi cySufi B KoI{IIe croefr
-@aeuyrraxa
)ilI3Hr1, noA B11LIsH["'r yqlrreJlrr Hauutl, flpllcoeArlHlrerct K yrleHulo XypyQur' roro-
""o"ao
poe B ro Bpeplr 6rL'ro cugHbrM TeseHneu n Asep6afrgxm" 6naro4apr cBoeMy rBoprlecrBy I'I Aetrenb-
IEerraurufrcKorlo
Hocrtl craHoBprrcr oAHrrM u: rcpynnefrurlr^ upegCrasurerefr ) IeHbI r Qopue xypytpus-
Ma.
Haczura nrpra6rrr r Eaxy, 3rraKoMrrrcr co 3HIMeHIITbIM B To BpeMJI r_ Tlpuuu, Acep6afraxy:^-u
(Da:lytrnaxou Hanuu (1339-
crpz111ax Karnasa 6exramzfrcro-xypy<pufrcKuM )AIeHrIM I{ nooroM cyQneu

t 3yupad Kyttu-.7ade. Xypyhus, u ezo npedcmanutneru e Asep1ail'dxaue. Hsdarnentcmeo "7nn"' Earcy, 1970'
Cmp. 260.
'Tan xe. Cnr1t. 124, 125, 128, 148.
99
 1394) u I{KaM. ocHoBaHnoe oaruyrruaxou Hauun yqeH}re xypyeusua
yxe 6rrn alreno ep6aftgxaue n uu kanKase.
"flo -nIIIIr B.3axugon, - I{crlrHrrar (6oxecrueuuzu) cyuuocrr r
cefr reficrsureJlbHocrll BblpilKaerct n 6yxrax, B correrarrru orrpeAeneunur* 6y*r; rrejroBeK
npexne Bcero
[onxeH uy6oro l43yqarb I4 xopomo yillarb caMoro ce6l, cron cyqHocrb;
.qoJIXeH 6rnr crodolltblM B
MbIilrneHI{Ir tr ABI{x(eHrrn, ocno6oaurbct or Qopuanurux penfiruo3Hblx orpaHz,tenurt. 116o,
rg.erc B qgroBeKe".t Eor 11poflB-
.dt4Mlr r43paer cyrrlHocrb u rlenr4 cyerficroro re_
, acTpoJroMn, BHyrpeHIILte H BHeIrrHtre HayKI{
e pa3Bltrble HayKr.r roro BpeMeru,r. Kporrae roro, Ha_
oJllrrrlqecKr,rx cBoero BpeMeHrr, perxl4TeJrbHo 6opo"rlca
14,t c Hacilrve}{ v Aecnorr.r3MoM cyuecrByrcqero pcxivma rr raKr{M o6piBou,
orvu. rlogrovry Hauuu 6tul 6esxalocrrro Ka3HeH cropoHHr{KaMu npanrqeri

OFrvu cJroBoM' Hazuu BcecropoHHe rrry6oro Brrntsr Ha cBoero 6exraruzfrcr<o-xypy$nfrcKoro

nnxa Haczur'r. Hacuur'I Toxe cBoI'IMz rplqauu Haqarr o6paqarl Ha ceds, BHr.rMaHue JAe-
Bcex, oH Toxe rroA-
Beprct roHeHrrro co cropoHbr trpaBflIllr4x KpyroB u 6s:.;l BbIHytKAeH ocraBrrB polr{Hy, yfiru
u crpaRu Asr,1.l
u AQpzxu.
csoe 6errarnnficro-xypy$zficrcoe yrIeHI,Ie oH Be3Ae aKrrrBHo npolaranrr{poBaJr l{ arrrrr{poEa,1.
BesAe
ero xI43Hb rlo,lBepraerct ollacHocrfi. O4naro, HecMorpr Ha 9To, noor cySnfi neuorone6u^l.to
crour Ha
cBogM WeHHrL Ha cBol{x mlJltrax u y6exgeHz.lx, B crr4xax npouaraHrltpoBill
cBoro LrAeonorrarc. B ron-
rI9 KoHIroB B' I4l7 ro,4y Ha'Iyx(6une n cuplrfrcroM ropo.qe A.{HHo os 6rr,r cxBaqeH pezrKrlr,rogHbrMLt
Kpy-
ro coApalrr Koxy.
nzfr sax4arl,I BlEx(yA, HeolrJraroHr,I3Ma rr rraHTev3Ma,
s Eexramrlr{, a raKx(e s Bocroquofi u lpevecrofr
aKrax cwJux rrpeAIIrecrBeHHr{KoB, rax Xo4xn Eer_
fengxzsn XaSn:, Ca,nyufi,, Xaraflz, Illnprauu u
B coBeprleHcrBe BJIqlen rIopKcKHM u apa6crzu t3brKzur4 r4 rnaBHbIMIr r3brKaMlt MI{JrJrrroHoB
-Hacuuu
na Brzxneu z Cpelueu Bocroxe, rIrIareJIbHo qltrzrlr ocHoBHbre cySuficro-Snnocoecrue, nr,rreparypHo-
x)aoxecrBeHHble rplubl Ha grl{x .f,3hrKax 14 cria:ll oAHrrM ris Moryqux cyerafiirnx )^reHbrx, BeJrr{KI{x 11o-
9TOB cBoero BpeMeHI,r.
Hacnxnu cHarIaJIa y.qlr4trcs, 3HaMeHHToro cyQuftcxoro yqeHoro Bocror<a IIIaftxa lUu6.uu Hyruann.
flo:4nee, oH' rlpoquraB TqlEbI cBoero [peArIIecrBeHrtIKa, 3niMeHrrroro cy4zicroro reHoro rc My]Kecr-
BeHHoro_cyQ[Ix Maucypa Xauaaxa IroA BTIIrTHI'IeM ero sernrofr
)
repo1aqecKoro [yrrr B y.re-
"rr*rr,-eio
nuu CySusrvra X-oro BeKa, noKa3blBilfl BbrcoKoe lr BepHoe pacnonox(eHr,Ie K JILrrIHocrr.I Mancypa Xww1g-
xa' flpr{Aepx}rBaercr MaHcypoBcKo-BeJrr{qecrBeugofi no3w\urL. foropr:
"MaHra cnFop LIKKr,r )KadoH,
Man 6y xaxoHa cr{tMac[M,
)Kauxaplr JroMaKoH MaHaM,
Kanny MaKoHa cpruMacaw,, .2
("Mue nlanrr o6a Mnpa,
.f ne nuerqzrrcct B oror MLtp,
-fl arou 6es uecra,
He nueularocr n 6rne rl [pocrpaHcrro).
He sMecrnsmufics n FKyIo Ir z(ecroKyro cpeAy XIV- BeKa, BeJrr.rKrafr geroser Hwqgqy1g1un Hacllur
craHoBrrrct Mancypou Xzuuagxeu cBoero BpeMenrz.

' B.3axudoe. IIIoup utusxoamu. 6a uebp maHtnaHacu. " Xacm6axu,t6 ad uam maponaLtapu " minna,u u F. Fy no-tt ua-
ppuEmu. T., 1975. Cmp 78.
"-!r**y' /{ueaa, nao',-!92! Cm-p_.^95' 3yupad Kynu-3ade. XypyQusu u ezo npedonanumerru e Asep6aildxaue.
I'Is-eo "Orw". Earcy, 1970. Cmp. 152.

100
 elqe, oAHoM cBoeM crExe, "re:gecytqar rparolJeHnocrb" HncLlMIt n[Ixer o npr6lusuBlueMct
K
B
..AHa-I-Xar!,, I4 c oTIIM Mp(ECTBEHHbIM BCTPETI,IBIIIEM CBOIO
Hc"ru]fre u OKa3aBIueM: KPI,IKOM CMEJIO
cMeprr It raKInM o6parovr AocrLIruIeM lxr6su A".rr:raxa Mancype Xall4UXe:

"MaHcyt "Ana-l-Xa{,!" artYcaP,

flslavKu, Xar, 6auarra Xaq.
tlylr Xar aJIII oMr,Iu riipruu, rlprrlar aunu"''
"Maucyp roBoptlr; fl-Vlcrusa .
To ectb, .f,, ectr ucrl{Ha.
Tar, I4cttula oqeBIrAHa cMorPIt,
Bepr rugeuHoMY'.)
A:ep6r#4xancrcufi noor Pa{e'u r csoefr Kngre "EaruapatHarua" nnmer o llu?fl'yl/Mne Hacuuu, o
ToM KaK olr reprren rbrcrarrr MyK pr crpalanzft B 3aroqeHnr{, rloJrHocrblo [orpy3I'IBIITI{cb u llctuuy, ua-
cralKAiulct IIo3HaBat raiiuu Xa:para Alu:
"Vr-Hacuun - paxMarrl cpa":'ttll XyAo,
Ytr kIuau'YtwlH - cIIPPT MYPra^eo,
Vn uralngu Lltt\u Qauu 31m-xauon,
Earuy 3I{HAaIrJrapAa ftaAau Mox,y can'
Yn 6aloAau o4Y aQrou otMaftuau,
CfnafiuoH, acpopu il'IHXoH orMafrMaH"."
I{rar, uoer PaQe'u tcHo rloKa3brBat cBoe orpoMHoe lroqTeHue I,I:o6paNa€r, KaK OAI{H Ir3 BeJII'IKI4X
rrpeAcrag[errr,rf cyQ-l,rfcKoro raprrKara Eercauru-fi, MyKecrseuurrft qe,roBeK I'Lur44yA4lrn Hacrauu repllf
Tbrcsqr4 MyK rI crpa4anuri, Ao6rasruucr 6nar Arr:raxa la rIo3HaB raftnu slrx Pacy'na,r.uaxa (flpopor-a My-
-Xa:pari
xarraru4ga) A.nu, nuxolvry rre noKa3r,IBaer groro LI He pacKPblBaer ceon 6JraroqecrlrBble y6eru1e-
Htrs,, a -rIex.tIT B 3aIoqeHI{[ oIIbtHeHHbIit UcrtUS Ao IHa vamy Jfto6nu A,uaXa.
Bo rpeuena Cylraua Mypala I u MypaaxaHa K&!r{ Hacraull cblrpaJl BtuKHyIo ponb B paclpocrpaHe-
uuu yu.iu" Eerraurux (xypyQusua; r TypUun). Illuporo npo nfi cpepl Hapola ferra-
nrusr, xyp'y{zsvr z uanreuivt Haculnru cBoLIM rlporpeccllBublM c 6egxalocruo paso6lava'r
TIIpaHlrrc I4 AgCUOTU3M T Il IIp
B qenrpe rBoprrecT Tonr IIeM, 6ecKparine sosse-
Irvqr4Bmal r{enonexa so To e ryx ce6r, HpaBcrBeHHo
,We1v.qivBafl cBoI,I 3HtuII{ r., RCe 6onee lIpv6ttUxat r
orrljllUaffcb, 6ory, cTpeMLITct x Ero Iru6SI,I' CaUoe
BeJrrrKoe rr cJra,qocrHoe 6naro gnr CyQrax u Bosrlo6reHHoro r{enoseKa oro coeAvHeHl{e co csoefr so:-
.np6negnoii, Aocrrrxegrre ee cJrarocrv fl rrapyloueft rrc6sz, [cqeBIroBeHI'Ie B neft (Sauo tpz:r-n-Aruaxe)'
Iloor cy{ruii nunrer rpo ero:
"Ea4pu Sano4a iPouufi Yn KaPoP Ke,
Ha xYm 4aer jlYP,
O6n 4a€rrvu'rur Saxo,
fapvu oqrrfr. MaMor VIYP"'
Cyeufrcrlrfi noer Hacuuu qacro B cBor{x pa6orax ilprIBoAI,IT cneAyloul4e 6exruxuircKl{e, x}PyQI{fr-
crue, cySnftcro-nro6ourbre BbrcKa3blBiururl o cyuecrBoB,a[xLl Aruraxa Bo BceM II Bo Bcex yToJrKilt Bce-
i',D:rapen
.nenuofr: My t{T 4}ura rangu. Kanu r{Jra MaKoH x}?yma tur$r'r", ")Kyruua oJIaM' KI{M, Xat(anu
lVrygp erur 6axpu 6ap".*
- " B ^"or" oruror lafire 1g1acuwn, utr 6onee tcHee BI,IIITM HcrrrlrHyro cylllHocrb xypyQraicrolo u 6ex-
ranzfrcxorc yrleHt{f,:
'Xartr xypa$aM. {aM ruTo6awr,

t
lueau Hac'unu. Cmp, 178; Kytu-3ade Cmp. l5l'
2
3.Kytu-3atle. Cmp. 152.
3
a
fiuean Hac'u.uu. Cmp. 26; ?.Kytu-3ade' Cmp 153'
3.Kynu-3arle. Cmp. 157.
101
 Xau ranouiM, XzM KalI.IM"l
(f - n xypy$ (6yr<ru), rr Krrrrra, rr cJroBo, n ronopnquii),
B etou 6a TorrKr 3peHr.rr 6errarrruficxo-xypyer.rfrcKoll floora cySux cMeJro yKa36IBa-
er' qro oIt u C ecrBeHHall KHItra (Kopau), u 6oxecrrenuog cJroBo B H;r.r (Kararrraa4ax),
u
roroprnlufr, ro
Hacuuz ocHoBblBlulcb Ha yIIeHVe Eer<raurr,sMa, BaxAaru ByAxlu-xypyez:rrra
BbrcoKo norHf,[ BHaMJI
ryIIaHn3Ma, lprrsHzrJr qeJIoBeKa BeHIIoM Bcero cytrIero,
KocMoca u upnpoant, o6r nu;- ero becqenuofr
c oftsrru trolcuoneHur. flpusnar rreroBeKa caMbIM coBep-
n npvpaBnfrn r{e,'Ionera r Eory, troMecrltrr Asmaxa B cepA-
a

"XaKKlr raalro MaBx(y4rrvrnr o.Iltr\4laA vp.. :,,

*{ap na ofrg4 urrla4?
- oAar\4Aa Bop,
{ap ua y3Aa, iu.qa Bop - oAiM tsop,
Xap Ha epl4 ryfrAa Bop _ orallra rop".
"Ogarr,rga rajKaJrJrr{ erru Allarq,
I(zl o4arrla cax<Iq 6ilrrla ryMpo\,,,z
Eerraurr'rficrue, cyQt'tficxo-xypyQurtcxue uftan Llwqlfymuna Hacuuu
rr3 HuxeuplrBeAeHrroro ra,;uta
MbI BcTperraeM I,I B TB0prlecree MaBrouo
,[xa,ran ana pprz, a rro3AHee u y loHyca'Eupe:
*Maura
cr,rlop r{KKu xilqoH, Miur 6y xa4oua c[rvasaM!
ll"rup" JroMaKoH Mauittrl, KzlBHy MaKoHa cr{trM:[r:M...
Xon zrra dilrvr xadoH Mzlrr.M, Ail{p-Aa {:ttr,r 3:MoH MaHiM,
Kfn 6V narzdauurr{, MaH Ail(py silMoHa cr,rrMaciM...
IrlaxAnua HJra {utIll rrraKapMaHzM, IuittracMaHzM, KaMapMaHaM,
$4n panou 6arunurapau, pydpr paBona crrrMasiM.
Tup rraauzru, KaMoH MaHazM, Ilrrp MaHaM, xaBoHMaHuM,
,(auarz xoBr,rAoH MaHztM, ofiuuagoua curMa3aM"3
cBor{Mt4 xypaQufi cnuuu (6erranrufr urr,ruz) v1eflvtr4
, o6lqecrteuHoro HepaBeHcrBa 6gsxa,,IocrHo pa3o_

;':H:lh";."'#,i"u?iJiilXi#;.ilTJ#fr ,li3#
roHeHr{'M il nriltreuvrru. B ronrre #"y#iffi;
""r 4",rui"o#Hffi"Tffriffi;"?r1"fiof,#:
KoHrroB
TeMHI{IIy, flpuquHtloT
ero 6egxalocrHo Ka3H
Cyqecrryer upeg
oera) upnecrBerrHoro

TrrpaHaM. Ilapnr Aolpaur,rBaror ItoABepratr IIbrrKaM,

opa rruaJra. 3areu peuiuor tloBecurb ero, locrporrB
BnceJlltry Ha pblHoqHofr ruroqagn. Korra rrronr4Ab 3arloJrHrercr HapoAoM, uapHr Boroqa 11pr.rBolrr 11o.(
Bvceflr{qy' B caurfi BoJrHrITeJrbHrrfr uouent, KorAa Ha Ireto napHt HaueBilor rlerJrru
H xorrr elrc, rloBe-
curb, rr3 ro'lnyroryerict KaK Mope or lrreBa I{ HeroAoBarrut ro,Trlbr, cMeJro tnr6eraer K
BlrceJrr4ue qeJIoBeK
\Puu3:'X aarop ororo rasiula! He uoxyruafirecb Ha nil,r3Hb HeBr{HHoro, Mo.rloAoro napur!! Efi neroAsfi,
-fl - Hacurr'ru, Koroporo urr nqere!!! fla,ra.I \r ero noApyqrrbre o6pa,uonanru""u, otoy"*arcT rrapg r{ Ha-
pyKrr r,r noru. 3areu, cAr,rpalor c Hero
coxpaHllnucb HecKoJrbKo npegaauft u
yMr.rHa Hacuvru.

I_Tan xe. Cmp. 158.

' B.3oxudoe. Illaiitn6axu,t 1aduam mapoHorapa. Tawrceum, 1975. Cmp. g3.
- lcltut JKe.

102
 I{snecrrtlrfr yrenntft, rrccJreloBareJrb yrrgunfl Eer<raluur u HaeIIeEus louyca 9upe, A64yr6arn f6Jt-
rlnnapnil nrircaJr o BeJrrrKoM Vlmalytauve Hacntun: "Hacuuu BoIITeJI B ltcropnrc CyQusua ua BocroKe s
KarrecrBe BTOporo Mancypa Xalrla[xa".1
Eue olso [pelanr{e o repouqecKoft, M}D(ecrneuuori fl rparuqecKofr cMspru Huany4uuua Haculrl
co cJroB r,rMerrnToro AzeplaitpxaHcKoro iloora n yqeHoro Mlrpsa kldpaxuxrota cJleAyrcuunl o6pasovt
rrprrBoll,ITcfl r pa6ore "Oruu ucropnr" B.Io.3axlrloBa: "CoxpanltJlocb MHoxecrBo npeganuft u cra.saRtlfi
o KiBgr,r Hacuuu. B Halr6oree [paBnorroAo6noM fis Hrrx rroBecrByerct: Bnrsrrruft no y6exnenuxl xypydru-
eM oArtH uo.rroAoii rrapeHl, B KarrecrBe Apyra rr yrleHr4Ka Hacuuu, Ha oAHoM It3 orpoMHblx pbIHKoB ropo-
Aa A-renno (Cupur) xonrrlr lpoMKo HarreBar roflynf,pubrft n uapole cy$ufrcKo-xypyQrfrcKl4fr rasar Ha-
c6Mkr) B KolopoM oH npupaBuzsaer geroBeKa K Eory. Ery HoBocrb 6rtcrpo .[oBoArr no cnyxa cyeBep-
Hbrx rrpeAc'rrmrrrerefi [paBrrrlero A]xoBeHcrBa. Mo.roAoro rrapntr noiiMas Be[yr B cyn u cyAru o6nunun
ero n 6es6o.Kr{rr flpr,rrcBapuBaer K cMeprrr qepe3 rloBelrrerrne. 06 srou y3Haer cu,qesnrufi s ca[oxHofi
uacrepcrofi Ha Kpirrc pbrHKa, Aasmufi na uouzury cnoro o6ynr lIMq[yIAuH Haczvru. Hacuuu 6rtcrpo
lptrxoArrr rrit pblrorrH)4o rrJrolrlqAb Il sr,r6exaB Ha Hse, KprrK.ItyB: "f-noot Hac:ziuu, aBTop sroro rar3o!!a't'",
giaroMur cr5s. 3arevr y6ufiuu ocso6onur MoJroAoro, HeBr{rrHoro rrapHt, BMecro nero 6esxalocrHo Ka3-
Htr troora llacuun. B o,quou apadcxolrl l,rcrorlHuKe troA HzuBauuervr "Kynyr-az-zaxa6", c roqKl{ speldld.s
fipaBrrrlfix KpyroB u y1uill cneAyrotrIr{M o6pa:ovr rloBecrByerct o rpafl4qecKofi. curepru Hacurrlu : oJBep-
ullltuircr. or nepu coMHeBarolquficfl. Aru Hacuvtz 6rur xaguen Bo BpeMeHa Enr6era... Hacuuu c6ust c
rlpaBliJrbHor'o rryru MrroxecrBo rJytrblloB r{ HeBex(, oHr,r rtoArllrHtrJutcr eMy B 6eg6oxtru n 6oroxytrrcrre.
0-6 srovr ropoAcKoMy Ka3r{n H AyxoBHblM caHoBHIrKzM coo6qaer seJIoBeK rlo I{MeHrI Llfn-u-Ilfanlrlailr
An-Xalan, Bepxonuuft razufi al-Mamr<r.r roBopr{T Haclruu: '.Eclau rbl .tloKiuKetllb rxnBocrb Mep3KItx
cnyxoB xoArlqux cpeAn HapoAa o re6e, ro s re6.s ne 56rro". Haclluu upou3Hect KaJTIIMaTI [raxoAar, To
ecrb KarruMzn rafifiu6y (JIo u:roxo r,rJuronJrox!), crapaercr AoKiuarb .qarreKocrb or rIcrI,IHbI cJIyx.oB o IreM
pac[pocrparueMbrx cpeAr{ HapoAa. Cftsaxo B oro BpeM{ noflBnserct IIIafrx Illaxa6y44tln al-Xr'uan u
toBopI4T: "Hlacuuufi AeficrnzrenbHo tBrurercr 6es6oxHrrKoM, .Iro6nr oH roBopIrJI crapascb oupaBAarbct
Bce pilBHo oH 3acJr)DKrrBaer cMeprr{!". Erqe IIIafix o6panlaerca x co6pannrnMcx: "floqeMy BLI ue y6unae-
Te ororo col!{HeBarcIqeroct, 6es6o}<rloto npecryrlHuKa?!" KorAa nepxonunfr xatzuit an-Manraxn olParuu-
saer LllafixeL Illaxa6yAnrlHa: "Mou(ero Jrn Bbr caMn co6crreunopyqlro Hanucarr, raxofr npurorop?", ror
6eg rone6anrvfi orsesa,'I: "[a!", [IIIuer upltroBop K Ka3Hu Haczlrlu u HeMeArteHHo 3HaKoMItr co6pan-
IIrHXct c nptrroBopou. Offraxo u [ocJre o3H,IKoMJIeHIII c peflIenneu Illafrxa, co6paruruect He tpufivE' x
eAr{HoMy MHeHr{ru pacxoAtrcfl. Haclrulr cHoBa 6pocaror B 3uHA.uI.
gepes HeKoropoe BpeMJI Erunercrufr
Cylrau My'afre4 o6tsB[ter cBoe pelxeHue, Ero perueHlre oKa3blBaerct eule 6onee xecroKl'IM I{ }tKac-
H6IM qeM o)Kr,rliurocb. Cyrran [pl{Ka3brBaer cHarltula coAparr, c x(IiBoro 6es6oxHEra Hacuvtlr. Koxy' 3a-
relr y6url rtoBec[B Ha Bucenuue, ocraBl{Tb Ha ceMb .queft sucerb ero rgrlo na o6o:peru{e HapoAa, rroc-r]e
ororo rocrr,rrb rpyr A,ru6ery u6u 3yra,uapy, ero 6pary Hacpyuuuy, Ycuauy fafipylyxy, uolloMy- sro'
erlr rprr rrerroBeKa :upunaJru or Hact'tvrn yveune xypyQz:vra... 3ro yt(acHoe Il TpaMqecroe co6rtrue
ilpor.r3oruJro s l4I7 roAy B cupufrcrou ropole A,teuuo. B napoge ecrb npeAaHl{e o roM, KaK Myxecr-
seHrro u 6eccrpaurHo ,Uepxiurcr reporl, cyQzrZcro-xypyfinficxuit tloor Bo BpeMfl csoeft Ka3H!I, KaK He
roBops HIt cJroBa cBorrM rraJlaqaM HacMexalcs Han EIrMu, KaK BOBC9 He Clparlrl4Bat o lroMlrJloB:rHlrtr rop-
Ao r4 MyxearBeHHo crorJr Bo Becb pocr r,r roBoprrn: "Ana-n-Xar!" (.f ecm Eor!). Ha nalrurr oAuoro
I{3
cyeBepHbrx r{ HeBsxecrBeHHbrx ruo4ei, Kpr4qalqero: "9tot qeJIoBgK flpoKrsr rax Cy:nana! Mecro na
Koropoe yrrraJra xorb Karar ero rpa:uoft lr ne.Iecruofr rporu uorano! [a 614er Bblxxeuo sro uecto!
CoxNeno B orue! llspy6neuo 6esxaroc-rHo MeeoM!", rlaAaer oArra KaIrJIfl rop.rveri KpoBIr "Ees6oxHoro z
coMHeBarcIqroroc.fl" Hacuuu. PagrnegaHHiul Torna rpe6yer orpy6uru [a[bIIbI ororo Qana'rllgHoro, Kpr4K-
JIIrBoro peJr.[rr{o3goro Aerrerf,- TorAa eror KpnKnusstit u nrrueMepHblff rocnoAuu enBa cllacaercg, or
necqacrbr cKa3aB: "fl.sro cKZtsaLrI co 3Jrocrr{, lro oroMy rIoBoAy n Kopaue Hllrlero He cK&raHo!". Il'acnwu,
rIoJrrIbIM KpoBLr proM roBopr,rr orHocr.rrenbHo eroru KptIKyHa cJle4yruuufi, 6aitr u ero 6afir rlo3,{Hee cra-
HoBlrrct uapo4uoft uocrosuqefr :
"EcJtu orpe3arb xorb oAIIH rlalreq ormeJrbHllKa,
oH orBepHerct or I4cttlnlt,
BsrrlflHzre Ha Myx(ecrBeuHoro Bffo6,reuHoro He npoJIIrBIIrero
r{ Kzurru cJre3br KorAa c Hero c4vpaJln roxy!"

' A, fennanap,nu. Hacuuuf,t -Vcynuil. Cmau6yn 1953. 3.Kynu-3ade. Cmp 153.

103
 oIxH_ KpoBaBufi uenexa exluHo cnes,cb H4A uy.raficb yrgparoqnuftacuvu, cnpocuJr: ..Karoll
_Korla
tbl Eot, eclu 6ne4reerrlb or trorepu rporu?!, repoii, berramuficio-xypyeuficxuit, cyfuzfrcrfiu uoor
6:raropo4uur*l o6paaou pegKo orBerraer:
t ecrb Colnrle Jllo6su na ne6e seqnocrn! A Co:ruqe o6.rgarennno
li "to
Mrrcm'rre:B, firaMeHHbIfi xa,r:ragxzftcrcufr roor ocraBr,r,T HaBcerAa Hel.r3rJla,{uuufr
rIeJIoBeKa. 3anqa orleHb rlorlerHoe cneg B KaqecrBe
Mecro clpatrIHblx
6opuon sa cBor{ y6exgennr B [cropr,M
MblllreHr.rf, na Bocrore, rar MaHclp Xa,r ''yxoBHoro
u Hauavtu,
cTrul 3HaMeHuTbIM It
[oqnTaeMblM upl,rMepoM, BeJILt ;;;;_
ac'opeq[-
BbIx KaK Marupa6 [ocne.qoBarenefr Xarr.na.qxa.

csoefr o lonyce gupe nzurer, qro AyxoBHbM

cBeAeHI{t
IOnyca4 Koroporo Hil(oArtrct r Typquu B Mecre crnflHvts,
LaKap aeMbIM MecroM.
flocle ,{xauu cBeIeHHr o IOnyce gupe uox
perlKrrx aBTopoB ll co6paurux HeKoropbrx rropKo,
Ktre r{MeHr{Tbre pycc Mnno
yvenufr, npoQeccop cBorrx
Clelyer orMerr{Tb, [rervl
Konproruo:q4e r croeli pa6ore ..Typ^ Aga6usrEHA
,'rr,rrepar)?e")laer uupoKyro r{ BcecropoHnroro
Etupe, Xogxu Berraure Balu Xypacu"", gx-
crBeHHLrKax s XII-XIII nn. Xogxa Axuage fccanu
.qo Harrrr4x .{Hefr s Typullu (Anarouua) n o6lracrn
{BHJrocb
6o;rlnroe HarrpaBJlelrfie) TaK Hzl3brBaeMoe sMpeBeIIe
r4 BeAyr
Muorrle HayrrHo-uccngAoBareJrbcKue pa6ornr, IIocB{
TBopqe_
IrlaeH czMOoTBep)KeHHO
o6:rac uuu: A6.uyn6aru
Ap*, Ka6orurz, Ca6a-
an Vuul Tonpax, Te-
H flr;,ap v Apynre.
dafilxaua raKxe rrpu_
BoAuJrv HeKoropble cBeAeHvt o Iloore lOuyce Supe r cBol4x I,tccJre.qoBarrutx, fiocBstrreHHbrx Typeqrofi
nr{reparypbr.
B v:6eruc'raHe B reqeHuu 75 JIer Ao HesanficzMocrtr ctreuuaJllacrnt 6rlru JII{neHbI B]IacrHbrMrI Kpy-
Typq*ru u rooroMy
cneryeT oTMeTIrTb,
Xaxgan cyi.uap 6y
aHuIIax HeKoTopblx
e ocraercr He3HaKoMbIM ,Ifutr Hanrql qnrarerrefr. UI
ToJrbKo Terlepb' KoIIa yxe npoIIIJro ceMb JIeT rIocJIe odsswter.us. He:asucr,rMocTll,
MbI HecKonbKo IIpu-
o6trIulracr r 6oraror'ry u tpKoMy AD(oBIro-KynbTypHoMy HacneAr,rro 60 unnnuonnoro
TypeqKoro HapoAa c

cepArla HarrotrHtrrorcs qyBcrBoM oco6ofr rop,4ocru.,

I'Icmopuu.

JKttocmu u3y_

704
 )Kfisusft r.r rBopr.rBrrruir s 124O-1320 roAax r Tlpuuu se,ruxuft rrcpKos3brrnHfi noer cytuit IOnyc-
gupe, B Teqegr{e 80-ler.nefi coAepxarenrnofr n unonorBopHofr xllsueAegrsJlblrocrlt ocraBtrn orleHb
6olrruoe nuTepaTypHoe, Ha) Iuo-cyQufrcroe u MucTurlecKoe HacJIeIue.
On ueuocpepiBeHHo oOyvalir y Xolxll Eexrama Balu Xypacalkr H IIIafrxa TolAura 9upe. Kar
MbI yxe )m(rMrrHaJrlr Xo4xz Eertanr Butu c\urae'cs ocHoBareJreM Bbrllelurero lr3 flccar,rIm rapHKara
Serramnr. XoAxtr [eKTam Banra ss;rrercr xaJIHBoM (yveurarorrl) IIIafrxa Jlyrrrlana llappaupr. UIafrx
Jlyrrr,ralr flaprpauna B cBoro oqepeAb, KaK xopomo u3BgcTHo flccasfloseAaJ\,{, tB,'I$erc.fl yqeHuKoM BeJrI{Koro
flccasn.
Ionyc lDupe u XIII sere ilupoKo rrpofiaraHArrpoB.ur n uorlyJrflp]I3oBiul cpeAII HaponoB TypUun
(Auaronlrl), Arep6afrgxaua x Kanxazar41eu pac[pocrpaHeHHoro B orrlx crPanax raplrKara Bexrauru.fl.
B gop.recrBe xnBilIero B KoHue ,t HaqrrJre XIII n HaqaJIe XIV seror KpyrlHolo 6errauruficKono IIo-
ora cyQux IrCuyca Supe .mno rryBcrByerc{ rrAeoJrorurqecKoe BJIITIHLIe raKlrx 6exramnfrcKo-ByAxyAlrfrcrux
yqeHbrx rr rr()eroB, rar MawroHo Axa,'ra,reA4rn Pyuz, tDaclryJrraxu Haurrlll u Vvralymun Hacwrrl*t.
Oco6enuo, B TBoprrecr,Be lonyca Mbr Br{ArrM eBonrtlqraoHHoe rlpoAoJlxelrr4e ilepsAoBbrx cy$nficro-
ffo6ogHrrx ugefr, ero serur14x cyQuftcxnx [perurecrBeHHuKoB Xo[xu Berranra Bann, Illarixa llappan-
4u, Cylafiuiana Eaxuprann (Xaxuua o'rlr), XoAxa Axua4a Accasn.
fio nauenuro 6onrurrzucrBa yqeHbrx Typuuu poAItrensMI,I IOuyca Eupe 6rulu rIopKI{ 6exanmue ro
BpeMtr MoHtonrcroro HatrrecrBrrs, I 3 Xopacaaa s AHarorllrc.
[o cux 11op Hr,r n Erpone, nn n Typuurr vrv s xaKofi-rlr6o gpyrolt crpaHe He HaIIIlcaHa rorlHat Ha-
ysHar 6norpraSur IOHyca 9vrpe. llMeuuo xr43Hb louyca Dupe uolua pa3rurIHbIMH npeIaHrItMlI [I cKiBa-
HrrsM*t fipggioAlrMbrMr,r B pilmuqHbrx Jrerorlvcgx n paccKa3ax. OAnaro Ao[oAJrI.IHHo rl3BecrHo,
qro rlpeAKrr
IOnyca 9Ir,rpe 6rnu 6eftruus [exKaHaMv.
Cnaqana ocraHoBrrMcr Ha orIeHKe gaunofi lOuyca Dvrpe ro BpeMt corercxofi o[oxu. Pyccrue - co-
BercKr,re rropKoJroru Kpnrucrufi, B.6.KyUenun, Bopo:ruua Aanrr rIoqrLI upaBlrrrbHylo oIIeHKy lonycy Eu-
pe. Ognarg Mbr He MoxeM cKa3arb ro)r(e caMoe o6 o{enre Aanuofi A:ep6aiigxancKvtur4 yrelrblMrl' KaK
(Dya,u Kaculrsala.
@.Kacu[rasafla KaK H Bce 6gsIIIue CosercKr,re cflequiulEc'Tbl nnreparypoBo[rl-BocroKoBeAbl He cMor
gs1asurncr, or crepeorrrrrrrbrx rrrrilMrroB BpeMeH Toranr,Irapr:ua. llanpuMep, (D.KacIrM3a[a OII9HI{BaII
IOnyca Eupe nturer: "Mbrcnl{ [oora IOuyca Dupe crrsaubl c rIoTycTopoHHI,IM MIrpoM penuilIo3Hocrl'I...
Bce ero TBcrpqecTBo rrpofirnTaHo penI,Iruo3Ho-Mr.ICTIIqecK'dMv vlIie'iMtr, IIponoBeAflMI'I o cMepTLl' ilpr'3brB -
nr{ K rrapoltJ I cM1rpvrcs. c [IeToM, Tepru e1o IIcKaTb ycnoKoeHllt B CMepTU".l
B nrrureupzse[eHHofi oqegKe a:ep6aftgxancKoro ]qeHoro (D.Kacr.rM3oAa Her Hl{qero opllrlaHzulhHoro
u )Ar,rBr4TerlHoro, KoHeqHo B xr,r3HII H rrleoJlorrlu rlopKot3brqHlrlx HapoAon,6l-rnruero Cosercroro CoK)-
3a, Bbrr11ey11iourrryrufr crepeorrrrrHnft mraun BilacrBylolqurvr. flaxe uamu (Ys6el(I{crallcKue) cueqfiaJxlt-
ynoptto rtet**tu BenrrKl{x [peAmecrBeHHI{KoB IOnyca Errlpe r Cy$u:ue Cylaftrraaua Eaxzpratrr'r u
ero ytzierlrt", "npegutrMl,I", "upu3brBaBmrlMrr Hapolbr rloKopltrbcf, TI{paHaM", a raKrte yrleHble 3HaroKI'I
""ut
socrb.rgofi lur"p-uryp"r, KaK gorrop QunocoQcxr4x HayK 3.$rcrauon, rotoprrft Harruciu HecKoJrbKo
rIoJIox[TeJTLHbIX crorefr o f,lccanu, rloABeprallucr 6egxauocrHblM roHeHuJIM II npI'ITecHeHutM.
Cnaua {5ory, 6larogapr He3aBrrcrrMocrrr raKr.re MparrHr,Ie AHI,I ytllxu I{ Terlepb He Bo3Bpartrcr. Tenepl
Mhl uMeeM lBo3Mox(Hocrl{ BcecropoHHe lrccneAoBarB He rojrbKo HacreAue Xolxa Axrrlala u Cy-
narluana Eztl(rapr.auu, uo ra 6oraroe rr rpKoe rBopqecrBo I,Ix seruqarimero [ocJlenoBareJlt s AHaroruz
'lccavu
(Typuuu), TppKofl3hrrruoro cyQru 6erranfl.rfrcKo-Bylx(]flI,Iftcroro rlaHrel{cra rI nPorpecclrBrroro roora
ryMauucra lOuyca Oupe.
Teuepr HecKoJrbKo cJroB o repMuHe Dupe rwur,trlltMcs nceBAoHIrMou lonyca 9upe. B xnure
.,Ha$axar-y[-yHc" A64ypaxuaua fi,xauu [prBeAeHHbrft n rlrge (l-l) tcenAoHuvt Etupe B rypeIIKoM rlpo-
r,r3HoIIreHIrII 3ByqtrT xar Eupe a rtJrr4 9up0. kluenno nogroMy, ) IlITbIBaf, lrro Mbr III{IIIOM I'I llpoll3Hoc[tM
9rvrpe. Vhax., KaKoBo MHeHlre rypeIIKI4x yqeHbIX groro
Lleuecr.Ho, qro rrocJre Toro KaK nepnuii HacraBHH llyca Xolxu Eerrauru Balu Xypa-
caHrr orraJr ero Ha BocnlrraHue oAHoMy u3 cBovx yqe Tangury Evrpe, IIIaftx Tanqux oc-
1arcr Ao KoHrIa cBor{x 4nefr nup-unpllruAoM Iouyca. lloorouy [ceEAoHI,IM Supe Iouyca Mor 6rrrr nsxr
or r{Merr[ IIIafrxa Tau,Uzra 9Mpe. Telept nonpo6yevr pacroJrKoBarb cJroBo 9upe, Koropoe 6ruro ncer-
AoHuMoM ruu IIIafrxa Tan,qura, IOuyca r.r HeKoropblx Apymx cy{uircrax flooroB I'I yqeHblx.

,@.4acuiqsc,da. "Fau axdyr xapeouu", [rcu rgopoueynurcddeu Hyp. Eaxy. 1966. (Ha asexp6aildxaucrcou &3wKe.

Cmp. 96--97, B.E.Kydenuu. Ilosua 7upe. Mocrcea, 1980. Cmp l0'

105
 Eoarfirofr 3HaroK Typeqrofr cyQzfrcrofr nl{repar}pbr @yaa Konprorrro34[e n cnoeia
KH]rre .flepmre
!Y<Dut't
n Typeurofi -[I4repar]ape" aatr Bcecropotur{e KoMMeHr apnv ncsB1olerny gvrpe cyeufrcrcoro rroera
IOnyca.

aHI.IJIOCb B BeHIepcKoM
rrB9pxnaeT qTo cJroBo
APATMAH IIPEITIOJIATAET,
ronapurq, 6par.
,qpeBHocrrr upn-
rrpo[r3rromenneu apa6cKoro ruo{, ax. 6nrr rypeqruu
Bo nre4enur.r K r.r3AanHofr n 1991
nxreparop Taxwp Kaxxap trrrrrrer o cJr
"Bo sceM TrcpKcKoM rrlupe uoer Ionyc
"Hnr q4nvr lOnyc ug
r,ri cBr3aHo co cTapbrM

vhax, nstrc*''",rcs., qro crloBo Eupe rnrrrerct raKxe rra3B

cJIoBo Oupe uueer eAr{HbIe KopHrl n e1prnoe 3uaqeurle c cytq
HapoAoB cJroBaMu aMp r{ aMrrp. en p
sro Moxer 6urr rorAa uallgyr "ro"fr
I,I AnBaHbr xIII-xN BeKoB pn3brcrrffrcrrlue [oA-
nragnrrfr cMbrcJr gTofl) cJIoBa' To roJIbKo rorAa M 6yqer upufrTlt K oKoHqa,r.crbnoMy vnenuxr o6
I{crlrHrroM 3rasennu cJroBa Dupe.2
Teuepr KoporKo ocraHoBltMct Ha HeKoropblx nerorlrlcHr,rx AaHHbIx, npe.qaHvflx n
cKi-rzarrlrltx o lKrr3_
Hil v AefrTelrbHocrl{ IOuyca gupe, o elo HacraBHUKax Xo4Nn Eer<raure naru
xypac alv n I1afixe Tau-
quxe 9upe.
..Kar urr yxe yrIoMI4HaIII{, )il{3Hb, TBoptrecrBo tl Aerrenbuocrb He roJtbKo Iouyca gupe, Ho Ir ero
tzAefruux [peArIIecrBeHHI{KoB XoAxlt Eekrarra }alr]1, IIIaftxa Jllxuaua Ilappaugn,
(cynariuaxa Eaxupranz), Xogxa Axuq4a flccasu noorui pa3Jrrrqnbrx ,TerorurcHbrx
Xaruya 41u
paccKauoB , npeganuit
u cra:anufr' oAuano IIo Ha]qHo - Qonu<^uoplloMy npaBl{ny npeganue ucKaxeHnaq upaBAa,
HaM He cJre-
Ayer Ire ) II'ITbIBarb HeKoropble trpeAaHut o, IOuyce 3upe, seAr reftcrsr{TeJrbHo, xr43Hb rn
AerreJrbHocrb
BeJrI4KI,Ix lttlvHocrefi, B Teqenuu AoJIMx crolerufr x
Mu yxe noBopr{Jrn, sto cHaqajra lOnyc grupe o
rro ero yKa3aHr,rro crrur J reHvrou (xzurueou) IIIaix

oelo ocJla Ilplrexru K 3HaMeHI{TOMy B TO BpeMS BO

scefi npr{Hec err{ Br{rrrHrr s aap Illafrxy.

vcrrrnras 9Tl4 cJIoBa' Irlafix rIoAyMaB: "!a, oror [apHr,IlrrKa etrre MoJroA, rrycrr] rroxflBer r{eKoropoe
BpeMfl y lnleuil', FreKoropoe BpeMf, Aspxur ero
Bce ropolrrrbct Bo3BparuTr,ct B csofr rumraK
gepnzmefr crrpocr,rrb rrero oH x(eJraer. Bce rpz
ro III4fta Berran HaroJrHr{B x}pAx(yn lOnyca
nparuLsercr gouofr B3BzurrrB Ha ocJra crori xypAxyu,
u pacKMBlt&rcb, -'I II4AeJrzlJr, pil3Be He Mor' t c[pocr{Tb BeJIItKo[yil[r y
TaKoro BeJILIKoTo BepxoM Ha ocJle x Xo4xu Eemiury Bauu u yrru" *
HOIaM, IIpocIIT y ""o
Cepresno cKa3aB: "Her, cbIHoK, orrlpaBrlritcs. x IIIafixy Tan4zry Evrpe, Terrepb
rBor )Aacrb a ero
p5/rax", IIIafrx Eerranr o6parno orupaBrrf,er Iouyca.

'c ducJtoeue HanttcaHHoe K rrraneHbKo"+ty codparuuto

2 91, c.3_6. (na ys6. at.)
. Cedtuoe, usdaHue. Cmp. 257-25g. (ua mypeq. as.)

106
 flpoexan HecKoJrbKo ,4uefr, Ionyc Hru{oA}rr Taugura 9upe u sofu K HeMy, rrepelaB eMy rlpHBercr-
Br{fl or XoAxu Eexraura Barr.r XypacaHI,I, npencraBJrflerct IIIafrxy Tanlury 3upe.
IIIafix TauAur Eupe ronopllr lonycy: "[o6po rrox,uloBarl, cLIH Mofi, .fl ocBeAoMren o rnoefi ucro-
prlr{, Harrunrafr csorc clyx6y, fioryqvlub .Iro te6e flpuvl,ITaetc.r".
Taruu o6parou lOnyc Ha copoK .rrer ocraercr troA [plrcMorpoM IIIafrxa Tarullra 9upe, pa6orar
rpr.r ABope i[poBoceKoM Bcerl(a lprrHocr.rr c rop flprMbre n cyx[e ApoBa, Bepflo cn],)KI,Ir cBoeMy trIlafrxy.
Ogno64u, rorAa IIIafix TanAur Supe cupocw y lOuyca [pErIuHy roro, qro oH BcerIa llpuHocl'Ir
rtpsMble, cyxue ApoBa, oH rIoK,'IoHrrBrIItlcb IIIafrxy orBerlaer: "Mofr [up, B ropax il ,(o.ll4Hax Mnoro chl-
phrx rr Kplrrtblx Apon. Ognaxo qepe3 BaIITI{ Bopora Ire fipoxoltr KpInBbIe [pora".
floc.ner ororo (vepe3 copoK ler) y IOnyca 3arreJra fiytua u florBr{Jrocb BAoxHoBeHIre rI oH cr,ul rlrlcarb
seo6rnafr nro KpacBBbre, 6oxectnellHble crr4xl,I.
B eue oArroM rrpeAaur.ru roBoprrrc.{: "floc:re ,uoJrroro cn)DKeur[r I.llafixy Taurury D"rpe, IOnyc ne
go6uuurucn xeJraeMoro, o6ll,4ewttcb yrueJr s1 IIIafixa B rcpbr 14 Hav.ar x(HTb raM c ceMblo AepBrImaMIr.
Kaxanrfi pa3 nepeA e4ori, xaxgrrfr us ceMlr AepBnureft no oqepeAu, cr,IAs BoKpyr Aacrapxaua, fipolr3Hoct
floxenaullg, qrrralrn KparKyro MoJrr{TBy. KorAa rrputrrJra oqepeAb louycy qIITarb MonvrBy, oH c yBaiKeHrI-
eM rrpoqurilB MonilTBy, [porr3Hoclrr npo ce6r: "O 6ecuoAo6urrfr Au.rax, ga 6yger flprrlrtro uoe 6laro-
cJIoBeHr{e IitMeHHo raK, KaK ero rporr3Hocf,T gru AepBrrmr". flocne sroro BMecro oAHoro AacrapxaHa
rrorBrrrrorc.lt gra. flocle o6eAa oAnH rr3 ,qepnunreft cflpocun: "Craxu-xa Ionyc, [orleMy IIocJIe rBoeK)
6laroc.rro3etilI4t fiotBr,lJrocb ABa [acrapxima, Torna KaK rIocJIe HaIIrHx 6rarocroserurri ocraetct oAI{H Aac-
rapxarr. Pacrpofi HaM ery raftny''.
I0uyc crasa-rr AepBr{[raM: ''fl se 3Ham MHoro 6rarocnoseuufr. flosroMy t cKiBtlJI : "Nutax, ga 6yger
TaKUM Xe tvloe 6IaTOCIOSeH[re, KaKIIM ero IpOI,I3HOC'T OTII IepBI,IU[". "KaKOe 6narocnoneHlle BbI IIpO-
Lr3mecrrlr",- cupocun lOnyc. O,quu ue 4epnunrefi orBsrwr "MnI cKaganr,I: "Ecrn oAnH AepBHIIT cnlx<rrB-
mr.rfi y IIIaftxa TatAzra Supe no fiMeHr Ionyc. Kaxlrrfr u3 rrac I,I3 yBaxeHrlt K oroMy lotlycy rpol{3-
Hocrrr 6nanoc.rosenpre". Yc:ur[raB 9To, Iouyc pacKasrcgl qro yilen or lllaftxa Tarunxa Dupe u npoJIlI-
Buur ropbKrri) cJrs3br BepHyncfl rr()3AHo rroqbx) K cBoeMy Illafixy. KorAa IOtryc lpoJrlrBat cJle3br MonI'In y
xeHbr IIIafrxa crpocr{rb y IIIaftxa upouleHr{x, xena IIIafrxa cKa:}ilIa: "Ho.Iblo IIIaiix BcraHer Arl co-
Bepmennr oMoBerrur rrepeA no.ruoft uorr,truoft, TbI JItxeIIrb rlouepeK ero [yru. KorAa IIIaftx cno-
TKHyBrur{cb o re6x, cflpoctrT y MeHJr: "Kro sto Jrexlrr 31rwbT', t orBsrly: "IOHyc". Ec.lpr IIIafix cfipocl4r:
"Kaxofr K)nyc?", To rbr He upouleH, ecrrv c[pocr4T: "Ham louyc?", To rbl rrpoqeH". Tarrau o6pa:orrl
Ionyc 6rru upouen lllaftxou TaIrAur<ou Evrpe u Iouyc ,[ocrt4tHyB cBolrx xerauufi, 6narolapt BoJIIIKo-
Ayllrrrrc cBoero rrrrpa BAoxHoBgHrro rr HeycraHHo Haqafi rrucarb yrltBlrrenbHble Ml{crtrKo-cyQulicrue crvr-
xu.
(Dro rrrpeganue oqeHb rroxoxe Ha rrpelituue o 3aHrH Ata, eto xene AH6ap Ana u ero ) IeHIrKax -
Ca6p Ara u E4gp Ara).
Kpolre BbIIIIecKiBaHHoro B ycrHoM TBoprlecrBe HapoAoB TypUnr,t Bcrpgrliuorct MHoxecrBo Jlerorlfic-
urrx cia:arrr,rft, npe4anuit u terevp, o roM, vro lOuyc n Korurn Bcrperl,Inct c flxa,raleggrauou Pyuu z
craJr lpyrorvr ero cbrHa Cynrau Ba:raAa, KaK qecrHo x BepHo cnyxOLJI copoK neT cBoeMy AyxoBHoMy Ha-
craBHuKy lJllaftxy Tan4lmy 3upe. '
3Aect nmr xorrrM KoporKo ocrarioBurct Ha llacraHe Ioryca Dupe '?ucarar-5rn-nycx[11".
3ror, nMeroqui.i s ocHoBHoM Sra-nocoScro - ArrlaKTr,rqecrufr xapaKTep, AacraH troor B KoHIIe csoefr
xr{3HLI Huur r tpourroryr{, Qouryg". "Pt'Iconar-yn-Hycxu-r"^.lBrfl-
rcb orpoM.H rr M, B HeKoropblx Korllltx cocrolrr uz 573-x" 6afi'
ToB, a B He To tle Pa3Ie[eHo Ha ceMb qacrefr-
1. B r.uase "Myrryr,Urua" (nnegenlre) noor paccKrBbrBaer o rlerblpex gJreMenTax (uo.qa, Bo3Ayx, BoAa
u oront), c)ocranrrtBtrrr.rx cylrlHocrb BceJIeHHofi rl treroneKa, o oro6pilKenlrl4 lrx B pa3we, opraIIII3Me [I
Ay[Ie qenoBeKa.

t IOny,
!,eaouu. Eymyu wehpnap. nodzomoeuLt: Xailpu Catdtcyrc. Llcmaufyn, 1972. Ilpeductrorne K emo-Lty co6pa-
uun. Cm.p. it9-36; "Typx adafuiimuuda unK Jvymacaeeyfunap" @yad Kynpnnpsade.
2
Conoxiddun flw.ap. Ionyc O.npe. Xaenru, ccutbamu ea maQQarc1,nu. Llcntau1yn. 1991' Cmp. 102. (ua mype4rcou
$.)
3
B.E-Kydentu. Iloesua lonyca 7upe. K nonpocy o zy).totru3tne 6 numepqmype cpednw eercoe. Mocxea, 1980'
Cmp 89.
107
 2- B vatelc.bKofr rnane "tDu ra'puQr4 aKJf' (Ouucamle ylla) ualzcannofi B crr4xorBopHofr, floerzve-
cxofi_(popue roBopr,rrcr o parwe qcloBeKa n ero Hecp.lBHvMoM 3HarreHrltr.
3. 9ra rnasa rratblBaerc'r
,.[acranu
pyx, aK,,
4. B tuane ",{ a. o 3Harle_
HUII TeprIeHILfl B Xlt3HI{ qeJroBeKa.

- 5' B llase
".(acranu 6yruy'' noor paccKtt3rlBaer o rnlrlotrIuxclr KaqecrBzlMlr qeJroBeKa
rrreBe E ,,ro-
6e.
6' B rrrase "[op 6aeuu xoJIarI{ 61x-1" paccKa3brBaer cs. o raKux HugKHX qeJroBeqecK.r{x KaqecrBax,
KaK 3aBI'IcTb, pzBBpaTHocTb' X4[HocTb lI I{x oTpI4IIaTeJIbHbIx IIocJIeAcTBI4sx.
7' B uoc'rreAHefi Inase "flacranu aru"..Iouyc roBopLtr o BiuKHoIl qe,[oBeKa
poJr]r B xrrsHlt
rrpoHl'IrlarenbHocru Ir o roM, rrro panwHrIft treJroner HI{Korna He oflycrr{Tcr Wa 14

rryrcTBa.
Ao 3aBlrcrJrnBocrlr n pac-

flacran '?ucanat-yr-Itycxlu" QulocoQ u leKramur,rcro-rygxylaficrufi uoor-cyeufr Ionyc Eupe

HaqnHaer c 6airra:
"Il4qlluroxurrHr xr{KMarr.rn Kyp, uafiiqgn,
Vr-y cyr, rlnpor<y etna cjfiiagu".
u B BbI[reJ[IoMlIHyrbIX ceMlt qacrsx uo4po6no paccKanblBaercr o [Jroxux u xoporrrnx KaqecrBax qe-
JIOBEKA,
B srou AacraHe' rlpt43blBaloueM rIe!'IoBeKa r .qo6py, 6laronparHoctlr, 6raroqecrlllo, Ha6oxHocrr,
Munocepruro, 15 {arrHocru, 6"uaropolcrBy rroer loHyc [rrrrrer cnegyonlnft 6afir:
"Klp ra 6acup olaMAarr 6ourqalapra ue eofiga?
4*tp, My3rralarr rlayr<aaft cys onm6 6jilaguNrw?
Kal6 rlru 6unau rlprraaftgnrarulap 6y
Iyrdaa $axar MoJrAeK e6-uv44znap,
Oit sa 6ydr uzrquurun rfpu6, ynap
JIagAar na Saporar ota 6wtvrairyiutap,,.
(Karaa rroJrb3a ApyrtrM or cJrerrbrx w uespxtmx?
Begt, uoxtto -rIII B3{Tb It3 3aMep3rtrero ro:rogqa?
He cuorparqrre Ha orofr uzp rJra3aM A)rtilH.
Fqqr u rIbrcT KaK cKorbl, He Motyr HacjIaAI,ITc,
Br{AoM BocxoAa Corruqa z Jlyru).
Cnenrre II He3ptqfle nrc.[z B smu 6afire, gro rlecroco6grre cMorperr Ha Berrrn BoKpyr rnirrilM
Ay-
IIrII' xeJlarb BbIBoAbI Il3 rlpol{cxoAflIlll{x BoKpyr co6rtrrnft, BHyrpeHHI,r u IyIrreBHo cneuire .r1o4l. }ro
rl^oHtrue surs'ercs' cyQnfrcrofr MbIcJIbIo u yor;uruit cy$uit, 6ercramuficKo-ByAxyArritctcuit
rroer ryMagxcr
Ionyc Eupe xover cKasarb orLIM, qro JIIoArr cMorprlqne Ha ur,rp o6rrvnr** rn#rru ,rrurueHbr r,rcrr{HH},rx
HacJraxAeHl{fi sroro unpa. 3ra 6lartrpo.qnar cyQufrcrar Mr,rcJrb HitrloMltHaer 6afrr ne"rruxoro
aerancroro
cyQnficroro, uaxrrr6au,4ulicKoto, IyMaur{crr,rqecKoro, rroora rclacczKa Xyrra,rxaHa Xarrara, rgiopufi ou
Hilllrlczur cneAyt 3a cBoItMIr cyQzfrcruuu [peAIrIecrBeHHrrKzMn Avrupol,r Xycpanonr
.{exlanu, Xaqr.l:ou
Lflepa:r,r, A64ypaxrr.rauou,{xaurz u AnunrepoM Hanon :
"rlauruu saltup6un MapAW rrarrrMr{ cap acr,
Onru44oHpo Aop Aopyuu qanrMr{ Ar,rrop acr,,.
To ecrr, "Draga o6rKHoueHHoro qeJroBeKa ero o6rrqnrre rrrar?a, a rnasa Brro6reHlloro Haxolrf,Tc{
BHyrprr cepAua, lpn v sro seo6rrqafinrre fira:;a."
IoHyc HacrotlbKo Be.iIIrKat I,I 3HaMeHI,ITzrf, nvrlHocrb, qro HapoA Anaro-uun cqgTaer rITo oH rloxopo-
HeH rro ucefi orpouuofi PoAune (Typuuu) n 15-16 MecraJ(.
Olnaro roqHo Lr3BecrIIo Mecro pox[eHr,r.r, cMeprrr z norpe6enut lOnyca Eupe.
Barr.r s rnane 'xogxu Ferrau-TarrArrK gupe ra K)uyc,, KHLIM i.Battarrnuuu;,, ,-r111oq
pbIM u aBTopItrerHbIM I{croqHHKoM paccKzBbrBzrrcqrrM Eerrallrl,Ls u Ionyce Eupe,
Iaer cJreA)nonlue cBe-
le[vfl't "rrorcru.ry paclpocrpaullJracb clana Xogxz Eerraila, co Bcex cropoH cratrvt ilprlxoAlrrb rfypltrhl.
Eegnffion crzulo MeHbIIre, JIToAH crzulu Aocrhrarb x(eJlaeMoro.

108
 B6rusu Cerpu xvcapa 6nrno vecrevro Copllryr. On
6sl 6eugnnu u xrlr .uexKaHcrBoM". 'Ef 6otumou coqllHeHz
9upe" TaKxe gclto nullrercfl,

Xalxn Ferraua Ba,-Iu

{cHo Harluczulo Mecro PoxAelru.f, u norpe6euu-fl Io
KaHcrBoM. OAgaro ro, Bo BBeIeHI{I'I nauracaugou X
Klrllre "Ionyc [eBanv" roBopl4Tct o cyluecrBoBaHl'I
rro HaIIreMy MHerI[Io, Pe3yJIbraT 3IraMeHIrTOcTI{ rr II
Taroe flBJrsHIre qacro Bcrpeqaercfi B ullponoii r'rcro
eM, qro verueprufi ur 9axap6pon (XylaSoH Pom
ropo.[iD( IIIapuQax, 3eurm Ara Xuuuaru s 3-4 Me
Mecrax AQralrucrana, Moxno He lflEBrrercs roMy'
qvu. florouy qro, ecrecrBelruo, qro KaxAr'Ifr nap
JIZqnocrU: '1DTot renurulfi qeJIoBeK Xv.lI I4 IIoXopOHeH B HaIIIeM rnpO1e".
3eMJIe, s 3 ltr'Jr
Kax craear Mannono flxalane4guH Pyulr, "flocre uoefi cnaepur fle l,.n\}1lre MeHs Ha
14 3eMrffKoB otofr serfirofi flu'tuocrfi
rroer ryrtaHucr lOttyc 9upe, B TeqeEIrIt
rle,ro-
Te, MllJlocepguro, mo6rn, ln6uTr
He roJIbKo B ropoAax n runuaxax Typ-
quu (Anaroluu) no LI B cepAuax rlopKcKllx HapoAoB Bceto Mlrpa'

1
Kodupu gpyzan. Tuprc xynmypy ee Xaxu Eercmaut Banurt' Aurcapa, 1988' Cmp' 29 ,
t ip"$. ,qi.',c,ooyp";"ta"i ryi"". MymacaaeuQ l{)nyc oupe. Auxapa, 1991. Cmp. 26'

709
 A'{TEPATVPA

A6dytmaee H' "Mawpa6 ea "Ma6ddu Hyp" // "fsfuercucmou adafuudmu 6a car{bamu,,,

nure, 12.04.9i,. exeaedeaa-

A6dytmair' xa6u6u' 06 enoxe lTupu PywaHa u eeo

dautceuuu. Co6panue ,,!u pywo, zd',. Ka6yn.
Ilaumy mynaHa. 1355 xudwpu (Ha fi,wntyucrcon nz.1
Addypaye (Dumpam. Mawpaf //T'arcma "iim nenuntu,,.
199r. Ns99, 100, r0r.
Addypaxnou ,Qxcauu. Ocopu Ltryumaxa6.
,eywan6e, 3-mon.
Anu Myxn"uua| Myxnuc, xonuoua. AHZA. Ka6yn.
1364 xwndxpu (Ha nyurnryuawu as.).
'Lnuu6etcoe Adxa"tt6erc' xypnwrcnu rcyilnaeau ruoup (o lonyce eupo) //Tasem.a ,,Eut.
I 4. 12.9 I. (Ha ys6erccrcou tr.s.j.'
neuu*tu,,.

.Lnuee f.Io.
IrepcoasuqHtt,t Jtumepamypa Hnduu- Kpamrcuw o^ep,
Mocrcoa. 196g.
Anuu,tep Haeou. Co,tuueuua XV-.mou. Taatxerurn.
trIg-ao Jwmepunypw ,t ucKyccrnua uwteHu f.fyu,na.
1968. (Ha ys6. as.)
,Utuu,tep Haeou. Caddu Llacaudapuit. Tauuceum. I99L (Ha ys6. ae.)
Anuutep Haeou" Xasouu-ytt-uaouu N_mou, Tawtceum.
1960.
Apttyeorua Xyuuat. Codpan u usda-n Cafrad Pacyn Paco. Ilewaeap.
1965, (Ha nywnryncrcou az.)
Acnouoe M'f.
fiau;xenue Poutauu u ezo ompail(eHue e aQzaucrcoil numepamype XVI-WII ee, //
..
-
" Colemcrcoe eocmorcoeedenue,'- Mocrcea, 195g.

AQcaxrcd A. Taxaeeyttu aexopu A1dypctxutu xa*tu. ,(ywau6e. (ua madtr. az.).

AQsanxon Xamax, fopuxu Jwypaccab. Myrpdwta, macxur
a6 Hornytffi ar [!cm Myxun*ad Kauu"t.
Mnueepcuma 6yrc oxeucu. fleutaeap. 1974 (ia nywmyncrcott as.).
Axnedoe AwpaQ.^ltrtY! T"twp xaEmudaeu axodu| nogeorap
.. ^
"Cupnu oila^M". 8-1992. (Ha ys6- n.)
6a yHuH? aapofru7 nryuampu //
. Axuad Katuttupu' trIlaxapau m'a6o t4e wKonucef,i lrlucmumynxa 6ocmoKo6e-
denun urneHu Ady Pafixana Eipyuu AH IIna. Np 142.
Axnad 'flccaeu. ,[eeouu Xurutam. Ilodzom,oexa x ugdauuro: Pacyutyxaunad
Au,rypfuofi yenu A6dy-
ryEpoq' pedarcmop, aemop eeederuun, KoJwtneHmapuer u cJto6ap"rr. --Utax*ryd
Xacai,
TaruxeHm, noepaectcoe ofitiduneuu" i.ryrr^na" 1992.
"".
Axnad 'flccaeu, xurnamtap' IrodeomoeKa rc usdauun, a6mop npeducaoeu-t u KoJr46eHm.apuee. I,16-
paxuJrr Xarognoe. Tauu<eHm, Lls-so ilrmepanxypbt u ucrq)ccmla
LLtdeHu f.lytmua. 1990 (Ha yiO- ns.).
Eepmetnc E'9' tr:Icmopua nepcudcrco-madrcurccrcctrt tumepanryptt. Hsdpawtarc mpydw. Mocrcaa, 1960.
Eepmenoc E.9' oueprcu ucmopuu nepcadcrcofi numepafttypu. Mocrcea. r92g.
E'C. CyQueu u cv uilcrcaa numepanrypa. tr:Iehpaunorc mpydw. Mocrcea.
Eepmeaoc
VIII-mou. 1965.
o'6osopoe, P'IIIodu9g ipma ocut macaeev@u ea axnomni, rcadpuamnap.
IIod pedan4ueil arcade.uu-
ra AH VsdeKucmaua. M-M.Xailpytuuteea. Cauap*aud. Hs-eo "3apatpwou".'Igiz.
(Ha ye6. ae.).
B-aasud Ancapu' Xailp yn-6aEn. IrodzomoeKa x usdaHwo Myxaa^rirad A6dyn Kyddyc Kocu.nrw, Ileu.ta-
eap. 1967. (Ha ys6. as.).
Ea'n'sud Aucapu. "I'Inu". Irodeomoerca K usdaHwo, npeducnoeue lycm My.xaauad llluneopu.
6yn. AH PA 1364 Ka-
ntdxpu (Ha nyumyncrc,ou xs.).
Epazuucr<uil U.C. IZ iluHaemrcp. Mocrcea. 1966.

110
 Banuxodxaee E. Xoxa Axpap: yitduptta 6a [agu,tam. X. "Mytwt7offi", Nt 3, Nt 4, ]991' (Hayz6'
tB.).
urueHw A6y
!,apeuw Myxauund. Illatcapom. Xpauunw1e pyxonuceil Llncmumyma locmoKofledeuun
Pail)caua Eepyuu AH Pecnydnuxu Ys6eriucmau. IIue- Ns 545-Vil-
,[eeuu fieeuc. Amoilfi.au opr)ep (Taputcam Omoun). ilnryuru.onedut Llpauwca II
(8.77. c. 904. Wn'-
duaun. Baruunzmox CLAil. (Ha auen.).

,[eeonu 3axupuddun Myxaunad Eo6yp. Eo nyryaduua, .ttyryo6wm 6a maoru4 IIIaQwga Epryuu. Ka-
6yn. 1362 xudtxpu. (Ha nywmyucrcott az.).
Hepy. Omxpumue Irlnduu. Mocraa, 1956.
!x,.
,Qormop 3yxypyddun. [Iupu Pyu,tou Eansud Aucopuu. X.- "Kadyn", 1964 xul>rcpu.
Anpettncr<uri-
nailcxuri Ho"Mep. (Ha nyu'tm. az.).
Addywail
,[u Xyuqon Xammarc Jilapaumpu. IlodeomoeumeJb K usdaHwo, aarnop npeducnoeun npoib.
Xadu6u. Konlaeap. 1938. (Ha nvu'tm' az.).

lyzan 3.8. Cmuxu lllail.fiuuuxau,a // ",flneu Typrcucmou". tr4cman6yn. (Ha mrype\. ns-) 1927. Ns I'
3iloxeaud ae wy6oputa (Mon rKusHb u 6opuda) EuozpaQua AfidytnafuQapxoHa- Ka6yn- Hs ypdy ua
rlywtnyHcKafi aswc nepeler uHJKeHep lytl*ttt Myxant-uad- 1353 xudxpu'
Baxul 3axut)oa. Vnye woup wxoduxuuz rgan6u. Towtceum. Llsdamenucmao Juonepamypd u uctq)ccm'-
6a uJt. f.lymttn. Omeimctneeuutril pedarcmop: A1l.Kanuoe. 1970. (Ha yt6.),
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o6-
Kasauctcani A. QQu,eu c moqKu 3peHufl conpeJvteHHof,t namoncuxonoeuu. LIsd. Cauaprcaudcrcoozrt
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Kanda aQaanu. Cofipan u usdar llodpu Xtns- Ileulaeap. 1887. (na nyutmyuctcou "nz.).
Kapeap M.A. Ib Eaasud Pyruou upQonufi aa QancaQurt ryepa ftt "XonHouta"rce AHPA. Ka6yn.
1369 (1991) (Ha nywm.n.).
lt Pytuon iid. c no-ttottloro x.PaQe' Ka6ytr- 1355 xudtxpu. (Ha nyutm. as.).
Kapwoe g.g. Hercomopbrc dcneKmu norumu4ecrcoil u perueuosHo-QanocoQcrcoil nparcmuru Ha-
xut6au6un. e Maeepaxnaxpe XV e. B c6. "I'13 ucntopuu CyQue.ua". LlcnwqHuKu u cot4u&nbH(M npaKmuKa'
Tawrceum "@aH" l99L IIod pedata4ueil arcad. M'M-Xaapy.tnaeea'
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nen4uir. Aemopar E.II.Eatuu, T.A.3oepaip, H.LlTatomaa u dp.
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6panua, ,ob , -"n o' isdanufl ,reus6ecrnHo). Mad.elung W. Yusuf ql-Hamad&ni and the Naqsbandiyya
//Quaderni di Studi Arabi; M5-6 (1987-88)'
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Maxdyuwnu @upozu. Codpauue cmuxo6. Co6upamenv: Mox Myxatuvad Eeuag' Ka6yn. 1360 xud-
xpu. (Ha myprouen. n.).

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 trIs6paunarc mpydw. Ilodzomoeument, K uedauuro: A1dypautud A6dyeaeypoe.
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990/1582) rcax ucmoqHuK no ucmopuu
Hcnaua e Maeepauuatpe. Jleuunepad. lggl.
Myxa"unadxodxaeo A. Lldeonoeua uaruu6aulusua. Ome. pedarcrnop padxafuoe
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-nocoQ- uayrc, npoQeccop. ,\yutau6e, ,',Q,onuw,', 1991.
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cma eHu-<t utteHu A6y Pailxona Eepyuu AH pecny
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Myxanuad Llfipoxuu Xanun. IIIapryu Myxmacapu ax6an 6a ocopu Anup
Xycpae. Ka6yn. 1340 xud-
Jt(pu.

Myxcw'uad I'Icuoun My1aLLnuue. Huegxu 6op macaooyQu llupu Pywau. Cofipauue ,,,[o pyann td,,.
Kady.n. nanarny nxynaHa, 1355 xudxpu. (Ha as. dapu).
Myxa-uuad Codure. Taucupau Xoxaeon. Karueap. IgBg (Ha yilzyp. lls.).
My-wunoe I'I.M- Mupso Eeduruuttz QancaQufi
ryqpaulnapu. Tarunaneau acapnap. I-dxu.nd. Taruxenrn,
"(D(tH". 19969.
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Aneap Addycauloe - A6dynasuz _ Lluam
po6 - Jtumepanrypoaed.!"yyol
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Xafidap llynamoa - qneH r@ppecn. AH iticny6nurcu ca,uad _
rcand' Qun. nayr' (ome. pedarcmop), Ilepeeoduute u ou*op npeducnoaun
- Maxrcau Audu>rcouu.
Hanamoe c.cv.nafunu Eorgupeouuir // "I{uuutorl $oryuryomu,,. 1s.02.g2 (Hays6. as.).
HusaMyddu'n Aonu-n" Mopan lrepeeod u KaJ.{ileHmapuil 6.Jroypenc. Llnmpedynun
6ail Xatux Ax-uad HusoJiau. Hun auer. as.).
Hop-uyxauedoe H.E. Maeso.neil xodxa Ar",vada .flccaeu fut-Ma-Am(t. I9B0 (Ha Ka3crx., pyc., aHz.n.
nsuKax).

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yz6. as.).
Myca. Addypanuau,Qzca-ri'tu u madxuKcxan XV ,,Llpean,,,
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Puutmuu C. "It MuE Pytuou "XonuoLt4a", X{. 'Ka6yn", 1964, anpetwctutfr,-uaiicrcari no,uep. (Ha
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r12
 Cyipu ALLnaap. Co6om yn-ottusuH. C apafiacuu meKcnxo.Ii4. llodzomoeume]ru K u3daHun: Xodxa II7-
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Ku€uryddun Xodu.tr ",fl,eutceuue Pyu,nuu". Codpauue "[u Pywou iid" Kadyn. 1353 xudxpu. (Ha
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Hcmopua Cpedneil Asuu. flonwmt.r4ecKq, peJruzuosH&fl., coLtuctrbHa.fl, Jrl.trnepamypuan. Cartud My-
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Xanu| Lfueap- Kpamt<ax ucmopan mapuKama "Hana6audua" Co6panue HaKat6aHiu" Llcmax6yn -
I1apustc. 1990. (Ha auz.n., Qpanry., uettery.)'

L73
coAEP)KAH:I/E
 ApnQ Vca,ran

KPWHE ;fi^IN|/.N CV AI/;fuCKI^E BPATCTBA

TJxHTPA/rbHOh L3At4

OmercrseHnrrfl pe4axrop
rA eBToP rrPeAvc^oBrur:
AorpaQ Axrr,rq4or

Pq4ar<rop:
9lr6p Kapzanor

Pe4ar<graorrHarr Korrler%ir :

Bafiuaron K,
B1rymon IO.
.{rrrropuroes M.
IllupzLlron T.
Tanlrfiaena K.

Texuu.recrar peAarfl IIrrI :

Axyu6a6aen X.I-
Bopoxefirrura M.H.
Illarupora C.lI.

c4auo e na6op 17.Q2.1999 r. flo4nucano B ner{arb 20.0g. 1999 r.3aras Ns 47.

O6rena l0 n.n. <Doprraar 84 x 108 1116.TnpaN 1000 sxs.
orneqaran o e Mano Na non r,rpaQ r q ecKoM npeAnp urr uu <<carapo n -Xavrap>
JlilueHsus }lb 12-568
r. CauapraHA, yJr.Mr4ponulox, 24