T

T
C

GRAMMAR
T
T
C
 T
What is infinitive? T
Base form of the verb/first form of the verb without “s, es, ies and ing” is called infinitive. C
Infinitive is a nonfinite verb that is not limited to a subject, number and tenses.
Kinds of infinitive
Full Infinitive
“To + IV” is called infinitive or it is better to say that when “To + IV” functions as a noun in the sentence is
called full infinitive.
The following are functions of full infinitive.
As a subject
Example:
To laugh at the poor is not a good job.
To disturb others is a foolish action.
To support all Afghan children needs a lot of money
To play outside really attracts me
To kill an innocent person is a grave sin
To meet Karzai is my wish
To write a good paragraph needs a lot of attentions
As an object:
Example:
She agreed to teach.
We decided to go.
She accepted to come.
They plan to be married next year
She loves to sing
He prefers to die
She likes to travel
The children want to play outside
He dreams to go to school
She dreams to travel the whole world
She desires to come here
You desire to play outside
You plan to attend school next month
You intend to run a marathon
As a part of object:
Example:
She asks me to help.
He ordered me to work.
She advised him to go
I pleased her to dance
She invited him to come
She engaged Ali to play game
I suggested her to finish her homework
she ordered him to dance
We forced him to come
She asked me to play tennis
As a complement after adjective:
Example:
She is happy to sing.
He is interested to dance.
It is good of you to talk with him.
It is nice to meet you
She excited to open the gift
She is willing to take on responsibilities toward Afghan children
She is willing to take on new challenges
As complement after nouns.
Example:
I have got many persons to meet.
There are many letters to type.
She has a hard work to do.
There are many jobs to do
We need many employees to work here
You have many friends to kill Hshmat
She accused many students to steal the money
She had the chance to play the Olympic games
She has the power to inspire the others
She had a goal to take on all responsivities of the family
We need the opportunity to travel to China
She showed interests to support all of us
We made decisions to kill all our enemies
we need Ali to kill Ahmad
Full infinitive is used after another verb to show a purpose.
Example:
She studies hard to pass TOEFL.
We are going to English School to learn English.
She went to store to buy clothes
We come here to study English
We need him to play with us
She studies hard to pass her final exam
We practice daily to develop our English skills
She woke up early to make a cake for her children
He took a course to learn a new language
She accepts the man to take her out whole the day
Full infinitive with adverbs:
Full infinitive is used frequently with the adverbs too and enough to express the reasoning behind our
satisfaction or dissatisfaction.
Example:
There is too much sugar to put in this bowl.
I had too many books to carry.
This soup is too hot to eat.
He arrived too late to see the actors.
I’ve had enough food to eat.
She’s old enough to make up her own mind.
She is man enough to support you
She is strong enough to defeat our enemies
She is smart enough to solve our problems
 Verbs followed by infinitive
NO Words Meanings Examples
1 agree ‫موافقت کردن‬ They agree to help us.
2 appear ‫ظاهر شدن‬ She appears to be tired.
3 arrange ‫ترتیب دادن‬ |'ll arrange to meet you at the airport.
4 ask ‫درخواست کردن‬ He asked to come with us.
5 beg ‫التماس کردن‬ He begged to come with us.
6 begin ‫شروع کردن‬ It began to rain.
7 can't afford ‫توانایی خرید نداشتن‬ I can't affords to buy it.
8 can't stand ‫تحمل نتوانستن‬ I can't stand to wait in long lines.
9 can't bear ‫تحمل نتوانستن‬ I can't bear to wait in long lines.
10 can't wait ‫منتظر نماندن‬ I can't wait to see you.
11 care ‫توجه کردن‬ I don't care to see that show.
12 claim ‫ادعا کردن‬ She claims to know a famous movie star.
13 consent ‫رضایت دادن‬ She finally consented to marry him.
14 continue ‫ادامه دادن‬ He continued to speak.
15 decide ‫تصمیم گرفتن‬ I have decided to leave on Monday.
16 demand ‫تقاضا کردن‬ I demand to know who is responsible.
17 deserve ‫شایستگی داشتن‬ She desrves to win the prize.
18 expect ‫توقع کردن‬ I expect to enter graduate school in the fall.
19 fail ‫ناکام ماندن‬ she failed to return the book to the library on tome.
20 forget ‫فراموش کردن‬ I forgot to mail thre letrter.
21 hate ‫نفرت داشتن‬ I hate to make silly mistakes.
22 hesitate ‫تعلل کردن‬ Don't hesitate to ask for my help.
23 hope ‫آرزو داشتن‬ Jack hopes to arrive next week.
24 intend ‫قصد داشتن‬ he intends to be a fierfighter.
25 learn ‫آموختن‬ he learned to play the piano.
26 like ‫خوش داشتن‬ I like to go to the movies.
27 love ‫دوست داشتن‬ I love to go to operas.
28 manage ‫مدیرت کردن‬ she managed to finish her work early.
29 mean ‫مفهوم داشتن‬ I didn't mean to hurt your feelings.
30 need ‫ضرورت داشتن‬ I need to have your opinion.
31 offer ‫پشنهاد کردن‬ They offered to help us.
32 plan ‫تصمیم داشتن‬ I'm planning to have a party.
33 prefer ‫ترجیح دادن‬ Ann prefers to walk to work.
34 prepare ‫آماده کردن‬ We prepared to welcome them.
35 pretend ‫وانمود کردن‬ He pretends not to understand.
36 promise ‫وعده کردن‬ I promise not to be late.
37 refuse ‫رد کردن‬ I refuse to believe his story.
38 regret ‫افسوس خوردن‬ I regret to tell you that you faiked.
39 remember ‫به یاد داشتن‬ I remembered to lock the door.
40 seem ‫به نظر رسیدن‬ That cat seeme to be friendly.
41 start ‫شروع کردن‬ It started to rain.
42 stop ‫توقف دادن‬ Let's stop to get a snack.
43 struggle ‫دست و پنجه نرم کردن‬ I struggled to stay awake.
44 swear ‫قسم خوردن‬ She swore to tell the truth.
45 tend ‫مایل بودن‬ he tends to talk too much.
46 threaten ‫تهدید کردن‬ She threatened to tell my parents.
47 try ‫کوشش کردن‬ I'm trying to learn English.
48 volunteer ‫داوطلب بودن‬ He volunteered to help us.
49 wait ‫منتظر بودن‬ I'll wait to hear from you.
50 want ‫خواستن‬ I want to tell you something.
51 wish ‫آرزو داشتن‬ She wishes to come with us.
 Bare /Plain Infinitive
First form of a verb without “To” is called bare infinitive
Usages of bare infinitive:
1. Bare infinitive is used after causative verb “make”.
Example:
I am making him clean my room.
I am making my room clean.
2. Bare infinitive is used after modal auxiliary verbs.
Example:
I can speak English.
She might pass the exam.
You should help us.
3.
 Bare infinitive is used after the verbs of perceptions (feel/see/hear)+ object.
Example:
I always see her go to school on foot.
I heard him speak against me.
I saw a girl smell a flower.
I felt her drink something.
I felt an insect sting my foot
Bare infinitive is used after “let + object”.
Example:
Let him go.
Let them speak.
Let me sleep.
Bare infinitive is used after “had better”.
Example:
It is dark, we had better turn on the lights.
It is hot, we had better turn on the fan.
In AF is war, we had better leave the country.

Bare infinitive is used after “would rather”.

Example:
I would rather sleep than watch T.V.
She would rather buy a new car than an old one.
He would rather die than give a speech.
Would you rather walk or take bus?
 Negative Infinitive
To make negative infinitive put “not” before “to”. Don’t put “not” between the infinitive.
Example:
Run fast not to lose the race.
Study well not to fail in the test.
Tell him not to come here tomorrow.
Call him not to meet Ahmad
Split Infinitive
When an adverb comes between “to and the verb” and when it separates “to”
and the “the” from each other, this separation is called split infinitive.
Example:
To easily get the first position is not an easy job.
To quickly teach the students is not a beneficial.
To fast drive is dangerous.
To honestly work increases a person’s honor.
T
T
C