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John Colleges
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL i
THE USE OF MADRE DE CACAO (Gliricidia Sepium) LEAVES EXTRACT
AND COCONUT OIL AS ALTERNATIVE MOSQUITO PESTICIDE
A Research Presented
to the Faculty of Senior High School Department
St. John Colleges, Calamba City
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Senior High School Academic
Strand Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
AQUINO, SEDRIC PAOLO S.
DIAZ, ZERIAN B.
USTARIS, SOPHIA CHELSEA
JUNE 2023
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARIES Page
Title Page i
Table of Contents ii
List of Appendices iii
Abstract iv
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction 1
Statement of the Problem 5
Hypothesis 6
Conceptual Framework 6
Scope and Delimitations 7
Significance of the Study 8
Definition of Terms 9
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Related Literature 10
Related Studies 13
Synthesis 15
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL iii
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design 18
Research Locale 19
Subject of the Study 19
Research Instrument 20
Validation of Material 20
Procedure 21
Statistical Treatment 25
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary of Findings 31
Conclusion 32
Recommendation 33
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
Instruments/ Material 38
Statistical Tool 39
Raw Data 41
Documentation 44
Curriculum Vitae 47
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL iv
ABSTRACT
The current investigation assessed the effectiveness of Madre de Cacao (Gliricidia
Sepium) leaves extract and coconut oil which aim to be an alternative mosquito
pesticide and can a potential substitute for commercial pesticide. This study aims
to determine if the Madre de Cacao and coconut oil is more effective pesticide
compared to the commercial pesticide in terms of time of termination, how it is
effective when it comes to different volume such as 5 mL, 7mL and 10 mL, and if
the two variables have significant difference. This study also focuses on the
effectivity of the variables in terminating mosquitoes only and the community will
benefit on deciding on what pesticide they will choose that is safer and appropriate
to them.
This research employed experimental research and use the Madre de
Cacao and coconut oil as the main subject. The researchers made organic
pesticide from the extract of Madre de Cacao and coconut oil and sprayed to 5
mosquitoes per volume of treatments. T-test formula is the statistical treatment
used in this study and it concludes that there is no significant difference between
the two variables. Aside from this, descriptive statistic components including mean,
variance, and standard deviation is also applied to analyze and interpret the data.
According to the findings of the study, commercial pesticide is more effective than
the Madre de Cacao and coconut oil since it terminates mosquitoes faster.
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL v
Results also showed that the more volume of solution can increase the level of
effectivity. The researchers recommended that this study must analyze further in
order to present more accurate and precise data.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter discusses the problem and its background. It contains the
introduction, background of the study, statement of the problem, conceptual
framework, hypothesis, scope and limitation, significance of the study and lastly,
the definition of terms.
Introduction
Mosquitoes are one of the most insects that transmit diseases and affect
the human health. It is often located in moist and grassy areas. The threat of the
mosquitoes in the health and safety of every individual is alarming because it
spreads rapidly and brings more disease widely than the other arthropods and
insects. Malaria, dengue, chikungunya are the common life-threatening diseases
from mosquito. It is responsible for affecting millions of people and increasing
deaths reported every year. Mosquitoes must prevent it from growing into adult
one to reduce the production of it.
A mosquito pesticide is used to control, reduce and eradicate mosquitoes
inside and outside the household to prevent transmitting a disease from it through
bites. It is one of the simple way to stop mosquitoes from affecting the health of
people. The commercial pesticide in the market is mostly used in terminating

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mosquitoes but it contains strong chemical ingredients that pose danger in the
environment and in the health of human being.
Madre de cacao (Gliricidia Sepium) is a fixing-nitrogen tree grow in 10-12
meters high. The Gliricidia came from the toxic properties of its seeds and bark
which means "mouse killer.” It is proved to be expectorant, insecticidal, rodenticide,
sedative. (Abulude & Adebote, 2009).
It is commonly seen in tropical and subtropical countries and used for
different purposes such as fence, livestock feed, fuel wood, rat poison, medicinal
and insect pesticides. Madre de cacao was said to be a good source of coumarins,
a toxic substance that can kill almost all types of pests and insects (Rabena, 2007).
Coconut oil has active fatty acids and more than 90% of the repellency
against broad array of blood-sucking arthropods, including the Aedes aegypti that
can transmit Zika virus has provided and proved to give a long-lasting protection
compared to other natural pesticides (Avant, 2018).
Pesticides made from organic ingredients can develop a natural way in
controlling the reduction of mosquitoes. The Madre de cacao leaves and coconut
oil can be an alternative mosquito pesticide of the commercial ones in the market.
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Background of the Study
Mosquito-borne disease is one of the leading causes of death in the
Philippines and in the world. Many experiments and studies conducted by
researchers and doctors reveal various approaches to addressing the growing
number of mosquito bites cases. In order to prevent deaths and numbers of
diseases from mosquito, public health and control essentials should be improved.
Even though there is a vaccine production against the mosquito-borne
arbovirus infections, it is not enough to completely control and prevent recent
epidemics such as dengue. Correspondingly, new strategies and approach for
development of alternative mosquito control has been made (Achee et al., 2019).
One of the solution in eradicating mosquitoes is the commercial chemical
pesticides and mosquito coils. However, despite of the effectiveness of these
controls, long exposure to the chemicals presence can be harmful to health and
can be a source of production of pathological changes in body organs (Naz et al.,
2019).
The use of organic ingredients for mosquito prevention and control has
been considered to reduce the negative impacts of chemical pesticides in the
human body. It is cheaper, convenient to find and not harmful to the health of the
people and environment.

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Natural resources are accessible and way more effective since it is derived
from plants that contains bioactive substances against infectious diseases.
Mosquitoes are also resistant to the common chemical pesticides which brings
potential risks in the health and surroundings. Moreover, production of effective
organic pesticide to fight mosquitoes needs to improve and develop (Petchimuthu
et al., 2019).
Through this study, the researchers aim to determine the effectiveness of
Madre de cacao (Gliricidia Sepium) leaves extract and Coconut oil which can be
utilized to eradicate mosquito as alternative mosquito pesticide and can be a
potential substitute for commercial pesticides. This study seeks to helps to lessen
the mosquitoes in the environment and prevent diseases that may lead to death.
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Statement of the Problem
The study aims to determine the effectiveness of Madre de Cacao (Gliricidia
Sepium) leaves extract and coconut oil extract as alternative mosquito pesticide.
Its goal is to provide answers to the following questions:
1. What is the level of effectiveness of Madre de cacao (Gliricidia Sepium)
leaves extract and coconut oil in terminating mosquitoes?
1.1 5 mL solution
1.2 7 mL solution
1.3 10 mL solution
2. What is the level of effectiveness of Baolilai mosquito pesticide in
terminating mosquitoes?
2.1 5 mL solution
2.2 7 mL solution
2.3 10 mL solution
3. What is the level of effectiveness of Madre de cacao (Gliricidia Sepium)
leaves extract and coconut oil extract compared to the Baolilai mosquito
pesticide?
4. Is there a significant difference in the effectivity between Madre de cacao
(Gliricidia Sepium) extract and coconut oil and Baolilai mosquito pesticide?
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Hypothesis
There is no significant difference of effectiveness between the Madre De
Cacao (Gliricidia Sepium) leaves extract and coconut oil mosquito pesticide and
commercial mosquito pesticide.
Conceptual Framework
Input Process Output
The Madre De Cacao

(Gliricia Sepium) and
The Madre de cacao Production of
Coconut Oil.
(Gliricidia Sepium) mosquito pesticide
and Coconut oil. Extraction from Madre de cacao
(Gliricidia Sepium)
Preparation for leaves extract and
production of coconut oil.
mosquito pesticide.
FEEDBACK
Figure 1. An Input- Process- Output Model of the Study

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Paradigm of the Study
The Figure 1 illustrates the input, process and output of the study. The input
consists of the materials that will be used in production of organic mosquito
pesticide. Moreover, the process contains the step-by-step procedure of making
the product. And lastly, the output is the production of mosquito pesticide from
Madre de cacao (Gliricidia Sepium) leaves extract and coconut oil.
Scope and Delimitation
This merely study focuses on the effectiveness of Madre de cacao
(Gliricidia Sepium) leaves extract and coconut oil as an alternative mosquito
pesticide. It also emphasized the effects and significant difference of Madre de
cacao (Gliricidia Sepium) and coconut oil compared to commercial pesticide.
The researchers use the leaves of the Madre de cacao (Gliricidia Sepium) and
coconut oil to extract. This research uses mosquito as a subject of the experiment
and didn’t involve other insects.

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Significance of the Study
The researcher deemed that the following benefited from the result of the
study. This study will give clearer insights on effectiveness of Madre de cacao
(Gliricidia Sepium) extract and coconut oil as alternative mosquito pesticide.
Community of Calamba City. This study will help them to gain knowledge about
the organic mosquito pesticide that can be use in a household and in the
community.
Government. The results of this study can guide the government for more
effective, safer and cheaper pesticide that will eradicate mosquitoes in an area.
Family. It can help the families to know the best and safer pesticide in a household
so that they can live in a healthy and safe environment.
Individual. This study can help individuals to choose the safe and effective
mosquito pesticide that is appropriate for them.
Researchers. It will help the researchers to learn and gain knowledge in the
effectiveness of natural and chemical pesticides that they can share on their
families and friends.
Future Researchers. The findings of the study served as a starting point for other
researchers who are interested to do their research in this area.

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Definition of Terms
The following terms and phrases were defined conceptually and
operationally for the purpose of an in-depth understanding of this study.
Coconut oil. Is an edible oil made from a pressing of the pale flesh inside the
coconut that contains fatty acids that fight against mosquitoes.
Dengue. A disease come from mosquitoes common in warm andropical countries.
Common symptoms are same with flu, ranging from asymptomatic to severe that
may lead to death.
Eradicate. To get rid or eliminate mosquitoes.
Madre de cacao (Gliricidia Sepium). A medium size leguminous tree belongs in
the family of Fabaceae. It is commonly seen in tropical and subtropical countries.
The leaves of Madre de cacao will be used as an ingredient for alternative
mosquito pesticide.
Mosquito-borne Diseases. Diseases from the bites of mosquitoes.
Mosquito. A small and flying insect that bites people and animals to suck their
blood and bring different diseases.
Mosquito pesticide. A substance applied or sprayed to eliminate mosquitoes.

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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies which are
relevant to the present study. These related literature and studies gathered by the
researchers have provided useful information to better understand the use of
Madre de cacao leaves extract and coconut oil as alternative mosquito pesticide.
Related Literatures
Mosquitoes are one of the arthropods that transmit viruses and diseases all
over the world. Large areas like tropical and subtropical countries had the potential
of increase number of growth of mosquito (Mukherjee, 2019).
Additionally, mosquitoes that is usually located on mangroves and moist
areas like coastal is the main causes of waterborne diseases. The existence of
mosquitoes led to the distraction of government in conserving wetlands and
focuses on production of insecticide to terminate mosquito (Suman, 2019).
Apart from this, mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, Zika virus,
malaria, yellow fever, chikungunya and other viruses are major global concerns.
There is a development of vaccines for prevention of these diseases but it is not
enough to fully control the threat of it in the health of people (Achee et al., 2019).
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Pesticide is the only option to fight against the mosquito-borne diseases due
to the absence of vaccines. This kind of control will attract people to easily reduce
the risk of the life-threatening diseases from mosquito (Islam et. al., 2017).
However, chemical pesticides in the market had been found containing
high-toxic chemicals that are harmful to the health of an individual despite of the
effectiveness in controlling and killing mosquitoes. In solution to this, plant-based
pesticides had been made and unexpectedly gained attention to the consumers
since it is way more safe in terminating mosquitoes than the commercial pesticides
(Shukla, 2018).
Many research is still conducting in order to improve and minimize the
effects of chemical insecticide on human health. The long exposure in usage of
chemical insecticide may result in health problems in nervous system, liver,
corneal, asthma and other damage in body organs (Petchimuthu et al., 2019).
The availability of alternative mosquito control derived from plants that
contains active toxic agents were already used in ancient times. Characteristics of
plants as a pesticide such as accessible, non-toxic, convenient to use,
biodegradable and cheaper are helpful to control the reduction of mosquitoes. The
larvicidal activity based on their species, instar stages, concentration of solvent
during extraction, active ingredients presence were monitored in this study that
establish on the knowledge on phytochemical sources and mosquito activities
(Ghosh et al., 2012).

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Madre de cacao (Gliricidia Sepium) is a fixing-nitrogen tree grow in 10-12
meters high. The Gliricidia came from the toxic properties of its seeds and bark
which means "mouse killer.” It is proved to be expectorant, insecticidal, rodenticide,
and sedative. (Abulude & Adebote, 2019). In addition to this, in the study of Tacio
(2019), Madre de cacao has a scent that can attract rodents, and kill them in a
right amount of concentration. It can also apply in the applications of pesticides
and medicinal purposes.
The extract of Madre de cacao is recommended as a pesticide for home
insects to reduce the bad effects of commercial pesticide in the health of the
community. It should be used in the moist areas or in the place full of plants
wherein most mosquitoes located. Madre de cacao contains bioactive substances
that can eradicate mosquitoes (Sasan et al., 2022).

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Related Studies
Coconut oil has active fatty acids that fight against blood-sucking arthropods
such as mosquitoes, flies, ticks and bed bugs. The repellency of coconut oil found
out to be long lasting compared to N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), the most
effective commercial pesticide (Zhu et al., 2018).
Studies conducted by Barozzo et al., (2021), evaluates the repellency and
control of components of coconut oil against nymphs and larvae of Amblyomma
sculptum. Lauric acid, capric acid, methyl laurate, methyl caprate, lavender oil, and
catnip oil were the subject of experiment. The result of the study found out that the
coconut oil in lavender formulation lasted for a week of repellency compared to the
other candidates. For testing in controls, only the lavender oil and two methyl
showed strongest toxicity which is effective in terminating nymphs and larvae.
According to De Leon et. al (2021), Madre de cacao solution is the most
effective way in eradicating mosquitoes compared to the Bottlebrush solution. It is
also recommended as a mosquito insecticide in a household because it is safest
option for the health of people than the commercial mosquito insecticide in the
market. Both ingredients had sterols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides,
tannins and triterpene that gives impact on terminating mosquitoes.
Moreover, according to Pamplona (2019), the use of Madre de cacao leaves

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extract as a main component for mosquito coil were effective on eradicating
mosquitoes. The more concentration of Madre de cacao leaves extract added, the
number of mosquitoes terminated also increases.
In addition to this, Madre de cacao extract also effective and accurate when
as botanical control in animal lice and ticks which is also a blood-sucking arthropod
(Torres, 2018).
Similarly, the Madre de cacao leaves extract tested as a mosquito pesticide.
The findings of the study show that the Madre de cacao has a potential to be a
natural insecticide and alternative to the traditional commercial pesticides in the
market (Sharma et al., 2014; De Leon et al., 2021).
Booth and Mcdonald (2017), another active component found in the Madre
de cacao is fats. Fats are important in application of dermatology since it serves
as a protective barrier in prevention to contact with irritating substance and
lubricating agents which causes of removal of crust and to prevent the excessive
dryness and skin diseases treatment for drug integration.
Lastly, Rose (2017), conducted a study to test the possibility Madre de
cacao extract to treat skin problems. It aimed to produce a substitute medicine
made by herbal ingredients through ointment which proven to be effective.

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Synthesis
The local and foreign literatures and studies cited provided meaningful into
the use of Madre de cacao leaves extract and coconut oil as alternative mosquito
pesticide. The above literatures have been considered in the study because it
served as a foundation of the researchers towards the completion.
The health of every individual is the major concern because of the different
diseases and viruses spreading around the world. Public health should improve in
order to prevent and control the outbreak of diseases. Mosquitoes is one of the
enemy in daily basis and it is alarming since it affects the life of millions of people.
The threat from this blood-sucking arthropod is dangerous and gives potential risk
in the health and environment.
In solution to the mosquito-borne diseases, pesticides and other control
essentials were made to minimize the danger brought by mosquitoes. Vaccines
are not yet available but it is not enough to reduce the increasing numbers of
infections and stop the bites which is highlighted in the study of Achee et al. (2019).
The commercial pesticides were used to eradicate mosquitoes which proved to be
effective that stated on the study of Islam et. al. (2017). But many studies found
out that it contains high-toxic chemicals that can also affect the health of a human
being. As a result, the use of natural and organic materials derived from plants as
a mosquito control has been promoted and tested as

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mentioned in the study Ghosh et al. (2012). And in this current study Madre de
cacao leaves extract and coconut oil were used as an alternative mosquito
pesticide.
In the study of Shukla (2018), it emphasized the harmful effect of
commercial pesticides that contains chemicals and the unexpected popularity of
plant-based pesticides which is characterized as safe and convenient pesticide.
The natural pesticide attracts consumers since it also cheaper.
Furthermore, Petchimuthu et al. (2019) stated that a lot of research are still
conducting in order to reduce the negative effect of the chemical insecticides in the
health of people since it leads to different damages in human body.
While in the study of (Abulude & Adebote, 2019) and Tacio (2019),
discusses the properties of Madre de cacao to become a potential alternative
mosquito pesticide and the different purposes in different applications.
On the other hand, Zhu et al. (2018) explains the active fatty acids of
coconut oil that shows long lasting repellency compared to the most effective
DEET in commercial insecticide. And the study of Barozzo et al. (2021) tested the
repellency and acaricidal activity of the properties of coconut oil. It proves that the
organic material like coconut oil is more effective than the chemical ones.
Moreover, the study of Sasan et al. (2022), recommended the use of Madre
de cacao extract as a pesticide to reduce the negative effects of commercial

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pesticide and it should be used in moist and grassy areas since most mosquitoes
inhabit which proven in the study of Mukherjee (2019) and Suman (2019).
Apart from this, De Leon et. al (2021), Pamplona (2019), Torres (2018), and
Sharma et al. (2014), found out the effectiveness of Madre de cacao extract as a
substitute mosquito pesticide and insecticide. They recommended it to use in a
household because it proves that it eradicates mosquitoes.
Finally, the possibility of usage of Madre de cacao extract in medical
applications conducted in the study of Booth and Mcdonald (2017) and Rose
(2017), to treat skin problems and serves as a protective agents of the skin.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the research methodology utilized in the study. It
presents the research design, research locale, subject of the study, research
instrument, experimental procedure and data analysis.
Research Design
This study adopted an experimental research design to determine the
effectiveness of Madre De Cacao (Gliricida Sepium) leaves extract and coconut
oil as alternative mosquito pesticide. In experimental research, the researcher
modifies one or more variables while regulating and monitoring any change in
other variables. It is a systematic, scientific research procedure (Maheshwari,
2017). It seeks to determine the cause and effect relationship between the
variables as a basis for analyzation and concluding.

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Research Locale
The Ustaris Residence in Brgy. San Juan, Calamba City was the chosen
place in conducting an experiment since this is near on Madre de cacao trees
located at Brgy. Looc, Calamba, City. The study was conducted by Senior High
School students of St. John Colleges located at 098 Chipeco Avenue, Brgy. 3,
Calamba City. The researchers used the extract from the leaves of Madre de
cacao to recognize and differentiate the impact in killing mosquitoes.
The study is made for terminating mosquitoes to determine the
effectiveness of using Madre de cacao leaves extract and coconut oil as substitute
to the commercial pesticides.
Subject of the Study
In this study, Madre de cacao leaves and coconut oil are the main subject
which can be obtain in household or agricultural sites. The researchers used the
extract of Madre de cacao leaves and oil from coconut to produce an organic
pesticide substitute to the commercial ones which is safer and cheaper.

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Research Instrument/Material
An observation sheet was the primary data gathering instrument of the
study. The researchers observe the outcome of each level of alternative mosquito
repellant and commercial repellant for each individual container filled with
mosquitos and compared the time of termination of each container with each day
of the trial.
Validation of Material
Time that mosquito

terminated
Trials
Treatment Amount of Solution
1 2 3
5 mL
Madre de Cacao
7 mL
10 mL
5 mL
Baolilai
7 mL
10 mL
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Experimental Procedure
The experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Madre de
cacao leaves extract and coconut oil as alternative mosquito pesticide. Materials
that were used in the experiment are Madre de cacao leaves, coconut oil,
commercial pesticide (Baolilai), spray bottles and containers.
Catching Mosquitoes
The researchers find a place wherein the mosquitoes usually lived. A
garden with many plants and grasses is the chosen location for catching
mosquitoes. It will be trapped with the use of mosquito net and it will be moved in
a plastic container. Five mosquitoes will be placed in each container that will be
used in actual experiment.
Formulation of Madre de cacao and coconut oil solution
The researchers gather leaves of Madre de cacao. The leaves were boiled
with ½ cup of water in low heat for 10 minutes. After getting extract from Madre de
Cacao, it is moved in a glass container. In a separate container, 50 mL of coconut
oil and 50 mL of Madre de Cacao leaves extract will be mixed to make the
alternative pesticide for mosquitoes.

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Using Madre de cacao and coconut oil as Mosquito pesticide
The first treatment of this study is the use of Madre de cacao leaves extract
and coconut oil as mosquito pesticide. For each container, there were 5
mosquitoes each. An empty spray bottle will be filled of different levels of volume
of Madre de cacao and coconut oil solution. The pesticide made by the researchers
will be sprayed in each container to observe and determine what are the effects of
the solution to the mosquitoes in terminating them.
The first container was sprayed 5 mL of Madre de Cacao and coconut oil
pesticide. It will be observed and the time of termination will be recorded. Same
process will be done on 7 mL of solution for the second container and lastly, the
10 mL of solution. With these methods, the effectiveness of the organic pesticide
will be determined by the time of termination of mosquitoes.

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Using of Baolilai as Mosquito Pesticide
The use of Baolilai commercial mosquito pesticide is the second treatment
used in this study. Same with the organic pesticide, each container contains 5
mosquitoes each. The Baolilai will be moved in an empty spray bottle in different
levels of volume and it will be sprayed in each container to observe the effects of
this pesticide in terminating mosquitoes.
The first treatment is the 5 mL of Baolilai solution and it will be sprayed in
the container. The time of termination using the commercial pesticide will be
recorded. After the first treatment, the usage of 7 mL and 10 mL will be done on
the same process. It will be sprayed in the remaining containers. This method will
determine the time of termination of mosquitoes and level effectiveness of Baolilai
as mosquito pesticide.
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Collecting Creating Madre Moving 10

mosquitoes de cacao and mosquitoes in
coconut oil each container
pesticide
An empty spray bottle

Spraying the Preparing the will be filled of Madre
organic pesticide
timer de cacao and coconut
to the mosquito
oil pesticide
Spraying the Observing the

two container Proceeding to the
commercial
pesticide to other after spraying the next treatment
container two pesticide
Figure 1. Flowchart of Procedure

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Statistical Treatment
In order to interpret the results effectively, the researchers used the T-test
formula for significant difference between two independent group of samples. This
formula determined the level of effectiveness of Madre de Cacao leaves extract
and coconut oil as mosquito pesticide in terms of terminating mosquitoes.
Σx
Grouped Data: x̄ = 𝑛
f = frequency in each class
x= midpoint of each class
n= total number of scores
x̄ 1−x̄2
t= 2 2
√𝑠 1+√𝑠 2
𝑛1 𝑛2
x̄1= mean of sample 1
n1= number of subjects in sample 1
Σ(x1−x̄ 1)2
s21= variance of sample 1 = 𝑛1
Σ(x2−x̄ 2)2
s22= variance of sample 2 = 𝑛2
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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Presented in this chapter are the results of the study with corresponding
analysis and interpretation of the data gathered by the researchers to investigate
the effectiveness of Madre de cacao and coconut oil as mosquito pesticide.
More specifically, the researchers sought to answer the following questions:
Problem 1. What is the level of effectiveness of Madre de cacao (Gliricidia
Sepium) leaves extract and coconut oil in terminating mosquitoes?
4.1 5 mL solution
4.2 7 mL solution
4.3 10 mL solution
The effectivity of Madre de Cacao and coconut oil

10 8.85
8
Seconds
6 5.16
4.15
4
0
5 mL 7 mL 10 mL
Madre de Cacao and coconut oil
Figure 1. Time of termination of mosquitoes using Madre de cacao and
coconut oil in different volume.

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Figure 1 shows the time termination of the mosquitoes in different volume using
Madre de cacao and coconut oil pesticide. It is observed that as the volume
increases, the quickest the mosquito can kill. Based on the results, the average
time for 5 mL is 8.85, for 7 mL is 5.16 and lastly, the 10 mL is 4.15. Therefore, it
suggests that the higher the volume, the Madre de cacao and coconut oil is more
effective in terminating mosquitoes.

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Problem 2. What is the level of effectiveness of Baolilai mosquito pesticide
in terminating mosquitoes?
1.1 5 mL solution
1.2 7 mL solution
1.3 10 mL solution
The effectivity of Baolilai

7
5.82
6
5 4.6
Seconds
4
2.87
3
2
1
0
5mL 7mL 10mL
Baolilai
Figure 2. Time of termination of mosquitoes using the Baolilai in different
volume.
Figure 2 shows the time of termination of the mosquitoes with the use of Baolilai
commercial mosquito pesticide. According to the data gathered, the mean time to
terminate mosquitoes using the Baolilai pesticide was 5.82 seconds for a 5 mL
volume, 4.60 seconds for a 7 mL volume, and 2.87 seconds for a 10 mL volume.
These results suggest that increasing the volume of the Baolilai pesticide leads to
a decrease in the time required to terminate mosquitoes. Thus, higher volumes of
the pesticide appear to be more effective in eliminating mosquitoes.

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Problem 3. What is the level of effectiveness of Madre de cacao (Gliricidia
Sepium) leaves extract and coconut oil extract compared to the Baolilai
mosquito pesticide?
Effectivity of Mosquito Pesticide

7
6.05
6
5 4.43
Seconds
Madre De Cacao and Coconut oil Baolilai
Figure 3. The average termination time of Madre de cacao and coconut oil
and Baolilai as mosquito pesticide.
Figure 3 shows the average termination time in seconds of the mosquitoes with
the use of organic and commercial mosquito pesticide. It clearly indicates that the
average time of Madre de cacao and coconut oil which is 6.05 is higher than the
Baolilai with the average of 4.43. Based on the results, the Baolilai shows to be
more effective mosquito pesticide compared to the Madre de cacao and coconut
oil.
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Problem 4. Is there a significant difference in the effectivity between Madre
de cacao (Gliricidia Sepium) extract and coconut oil and Baolilai mosquito
pesticide?
Table 1
Treatment n Mean SD t-cal t-crit df Decision
Madre de Cacao and 9 6.05 2.16 0.074987 0.05 16 Accept H0
coconut oil
Baolilai 9 4.43 1.30
In the analysis, the statistical treatment shows that t-cal is higher than the
0.05 significance level [P > 0.05]. Therefore, there is no significant difference
between the time of termination of mosquitoes using Madre de Cacao leaves
extract and coconut oil and commercial pesticide, Baolilai.

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CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of the findings of the study on the use
of Madre de Cacao leaves extract and coconut oil as alternative mosquito
pesticide. It also presents the conclusions and recommendations based on its
findings.
Summary of Findings
The salient findings of the study are enumerated as follows:
1. The Madre de Cacao leaves extract and coconut oil in different volume
terminated the mosquitoes in seconds.
2. The commercial mosquito pesticide, Baolilai killed mosquitoes for seconds.
3. The average mean of the Baolilai commercial pesticide is higher than the
Madre de Cacao leaves extract and coconut oil.
4. There is no significant difference between the time of termination using
Madre de Cacao leaves extract and coconut oil and Baolilai commercial
pesticide.
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Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, the researchers drawn the following
conclusions:
1. The Madre de Cacao leaves extract and coconut oil can be a potential
substitute for commercial mosquito pesticide in the market.
2. The Baolilai commercial mosquito pesticide was found to be more effective
than the Madre de Cacao and coconut oil in terms of time of termination.
3. Madre de cacao leaves extract and coconut oil is effective in terminating
mosquitoes but it takes time.
4. The higher volume of Madre de Cacao leaves extract and coconut oil
increases the level of effectivity as mosquito pesticide.
5. The researchers accept the null hypothesis therefore, there is no significant
difference between the Madre De Cacao leaves extract and coconut oil and
Baolilai commercial pesticide in terms of termination time in the mosquitoes.

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Recommendation
Based on the findings of the study, the researchers drawn the following
recommendations:
1. The study must be replicated so that more accurate and precise data will
be presented in the field of research.
2. The study must be used for further analysis so it can be more helpful and
effective.
3. Madre de Cacao leaves extract and coconut oil must have different
concentration with each treatment so that the effectiveness of both
ingredients will be proven.
4. Location of the experiment must conduct in an open area wherein
mosquitoes usually lived.
5. The use of Madre de Cacao leaves extract and coconut oil as alternative
mosquito pesticide is recommended since there are no harmful components
and it is more safe and cheaper.
6. Stop the usage of Baolilai commercial mosquito pesticide since it contains
toxic chemicals such as Tethramethrin and Cypermethrin which is harmful
to humans.
7. It is recommended to the government to use the Madre de Cacao leaves
extract and coconut oil for safer pesticide that can be use in the community.
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8. Further study of this research is recommended so that it will be more helpful
in the community, safe for the consumers and effective.

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References
Abulude, F. O., & Adebote, V. T. (2019). Antibacterial Investigation of Crude
Extracts of the Root Bark of Gliricidia Sepium. Continental Journal of Microbiology,
3, 23-26.
Achee, N. L., Grieco, J. P., Vatandoost, H., Seixas, G., Pinto, J., Ching-Ng,
L., & Vontas, J. (2019). Alternative strategies for mosquito-borne arbovirus control.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 13(1), e0006822.
Barrozo, M. M., Zeringóta, V., Borges, L. M. F., Moraes, N., Benz, K., Farr,
A., & Zhu, J. J. (2021). Pesticide and acaricidal activity of coconut oil fatty acids
and their derivative compounds and catnip oil against Amblyomma sculptum.
Veterinary Parasitology, 300, 109591.
De Leon, J. M., Ison, M. J. B., & Maningas, R. V. (2021). Madre De Cacao
(Gliricidia sepium) and bottlebrush (Callistemon viminalis) leaves extract as
mosquito larvicide. Science Heritage Journal (GWS), 5(1), 9-13.
Dormont, L., Mulatier, M., Carrasco, D., & Cohuet, A. (2021). Mosquito
attractants. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 47, 351-393.
Ghosh, A., Chowdhury, N., & Chandra, G. (2012). Plant extracts as potential
mosquito larvicides. The Indian journal of medical research, 135(5), 581.

St. John Colleges
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Islam, J., Zaman, K., Duarah, S., Raju, P. S., & Chattopadhyay, P. (2017).
Mosquito pesticides: An insight into the chronological perspectives and novel
discoveries. Acta Tropica, 167, 216-230.
Maia, M. F., Kliner, M., Richardson, M., Lengeler, C., & Moore, S. J. (2018).
Mosquito pesticides for malaria prevention. Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews, (2).
Mukherjee, D., Das, S., Begum, F., Mal, S., & Ray, U. (2019). The mosquito
immune system and the life of dengue virus: what we know and do not know.
Pathogens, 8(2), 77.
Naz, M., Rehman, N., Ansari, M. N., Kamal, M., Ganaie, M. A., Awaad, A.
S., & Alqasoumi, S. I. (2019). Comparative study of subchronic toxicities of
mosquito pesticides (coils, mats and liquids) on vital organs in Swiss albino mice.
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 27(3), 348-353.
Pamplona, J. J. M. (2019). Madre de Cacao (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves
Extract as a Main Component in Making Mosquito Coil Pesticide. Ascendens Asia
Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2).
Petchimuthu, R., Clayton Fernando, R., Anand, G., Gowtham, P. S.,
Dhivagar, K., & Vanavil, B. Assessment of Efficiency of Eco-Friendly Organic
Mosquito Pesticide Developed using Elephant Dung. International journal of recent
technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN.

St. John Colleges
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Rabena, A. R. (2007). Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Jacq. Kunth ex. Walph
coumarin as antitermitic and antimicrobial compound. Journal of ISSAAS
International Society for Southeast Asian Agricultural Sciences.
https://www.ars.usda.gov/news-events/news/research-news/2018/coconut-oil-
compounds-repel-insects-better-than-deet
Sasan, J. M., Gamboa, S. T., Gadiano, J. L., Edoloverio, A. J. C., &
Camangyan, C. M. O. (2022). Effectiveness of Madre de Cacao leaves extract
Gliricidia sepium, Guava leaves extract Psidium guajava & Natural Vinegar Dilute
acetic acid in eradicating mosquito wrigglers Culicidae diptera. Science and
Education, 3(1), 21-28.
Shukla, D., Wijayapala, S., & Vankar, P. S. (2018). Effective mosquito
pesticide from plant based formulation. International Journal of Mosquito
Research, 5(1), 19-24.
Torres, L. M. (2018). Madre de cacao (Gliricidia sepium) and sinta
(Andrographis paniculata) leaves extract as botanical animal lice and ticks
remover. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 10(3S), 650-664.
Zhu, J. J., Cermak, S. C., Kenar, J. A., Brewer, G., Haynes, K. F., Boxler,
D., ... & Taylor, D. B. (2018). Better than DEET pesticide compounds derived from
coconut oil. Scientific reports, 8(1), 14053.

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APPENDICES
A. Instrument/Material
Improvised cages for Spray Bottles Commercial Pesticide

Mosquitoes (Baolilai)
Syringe Madre de Cacao Timer

Leaves
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B. Statistical Tool
Mean
Σx
x̄ = 𝑁
Σ = summation
X = scores
N = total of scores
Variance
Σ(x−x̄ )2
σ2 =
𝑛
Σ = summation
X = scores
x̄ = sample mean
N = total of scores
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Standard Deviation
Σ(x−x̄ )2
σ=√ 𝑛
Σ = summation
X = scores
x̄ = sample mean
N = total of score
T-test
x̄ 1−x̄2
t= 2 2
√𝑠 1+√𝑠 2
𝑛1 𝑛2
s21= variance of sample 1

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C. Raw Data
Pre-experiment
Volume of Treatment (Madre de Time
Cacao extract and coconut oil)
5 mL 8.85 seconds
7 mL 5.06 seconds
10 mL 4.28 seconds
Volume of Treatment (Baolilai) Time
5 mL 5.90 seconds
7 mL 4.64 seconds
10 mL 3.21 seconds
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Post-Experiment
5 mL 8.62 seconds
7 mL 5.49 seconds
10 mL 3.97 seconds
5 mL 5.71 seconds
7 mL 4.48 seconds
10 mL 2.86 seconds
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Final Experiment
5 mL 9.09 seconds
7 mL 4.93 seconds
10 mL 4.19 seconds
5 mL 5.86 seconds
7 mL 4.69 seconds
10 mL 2.53 seconds
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D. Documentation
Madre de Cacao and Catching

Baolilai solution
coconout oil solution Mosquitoes
5 mosquitoes in each container 5 mosquitoes in each container

for organic pesticide for commercial pesticide
Spraying 5 mL of Madre 5 mosquitoes killed from 5 mL of Spraying 7 mL of Madre

de Cacao solution Madre de cacao solution de Cacao solution
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5 mosquitoes killed from 7 mL Spraying 10 mL of Madre 5 mosquitoes killed from 10 mL

of Madre de cacao solution de Cacao solution of Madre de cacao solution
Spraying 5 mL of 5 mosquitoes killed from 5 Spraying 7 mL of

Baolilai solution mL of Baolilai solution Baolilai solution
5 mosquitoes killed from Spraying 10 mL of 5 mosquitoes killed from

7 mL of Baolilai solution Baolilai solution 10 mL of Baolilai solution
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Collecting Madre de Boiling of Madre de Oil extract from the

Cacao leaves Cacao leaves Madre de Cacao
Mixing of 50 mL Madre de Measuring of different

Measuring coconut oil
Cacao extract and coconut oil volume
Transferring the
solution using syringe
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Zerian Barit Diaz

Address: Brgy. Sampiruhan, Calamba City
Age: 19 years old
Birthday: April 7, 2004
Gender: Female
Religion: Roman Catholic
Email: zeriandiaz07@gmail.com
Mobile: 09515688188
Educational Background:
Senior High School: St. John Colleges

Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics
098 Chipeco Avenue, Brgy. 3, Calamba City
2021 – 2023
Junior High School: St. John Colleges

098 Chipeco Avenue, Brgy. 3, Calamba City
2017 – 2021
Elementary: Living Waters Children Institute

Brgy. Lingga, Calamba CIty
2012 – 2017
_____________________
Researcher’s Signature

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St.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL i

THE USE OF MADRE DE CACAO (Gliricidia Sepium) LEAVES EXTRACT

AND COCONUT OIL AS ALTERNATIVE MOSQUITO PESTICIDE

to the Faculty of Senior High School Department

St. John Colleges, Calamba City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Senior High School Academic

Strand Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

AQUINO, SEDRIC PAOLO S.

USTARIS, SOPHIA CHELSEA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ii

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Statement of the Problem 5

Scope and Delimitations 7

Significance of the Study 8

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL iii

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Subject of the Study 19

CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL iv

The current investigation assessed the effectiveness of Madre de Cacao (Gliricidia

compared to the commercial pesticide in terms of time of termination, how it is

This research employed experimental research and use the Madre de

mosquitoes per volume of treatments. T-test formula is the statistical treatment

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL v

order to present more accurate and precise data.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

introduction, background of the study, statement of the problem, conceptual

the definition of terms.

mosquitoes in the health and safety of every individual is alarming because it

insects. Malaria, dengue, chikungunya are the common life-threatening diseases

from mosquito. It is responsible for affecting millions of people and increasing

one to reduce the production of it.

A mosquito pesticide is used to control, reduce and eradicate mosquitoes

people. The commercial pesticide in the market is mostly used in terminating

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2

environment and in the health of human being.

Madre de cacao (Gliricidia Sepium) is a fixing-nitrogen tree grow in 10-12

which means "mouse killer.” It is proved to be expectorant, insecticidal, rodenticide,

sedative. (Abulude & Adebote, 2009).

It is commonly seen in tropical and subtropical countries and used for

compared to other natural pesticides (Avant, 2018).

Pesticides made from organic ingredients can develop a natural way in

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 3

Background of the Study

Mosquito-borne disease is one of the leading causes of death in the

Philippines and in the world. Many experiments and studies conducted by

researchers and doctors reveal various approaches to addressing the growing

number of mosquito bites cases. In order to prevent deaths and numbers of

Even though there is a vaccine production against the mosquito-borne

arbovirus infections, it is not enough to completely control and prevent recent

epidemics such as dengue. Correspondingly, new strategies and approach for

One of the solution in eradicating mosquitoes is the commercial chemical

pesticides and mosquito coils. However, despite of the effectiveness of these

can be a source of production of pathological changes in body organs (Naz et al.,

been considered to reduce the negative impacts of chemical pesticides in the

people and environment.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 4

from plants that contains bioactive substances against infectious diseases.