THE EFFICACY OF MATURE COCONUT SHELL POWDER-BASED

ABRASIVE CLEANER ON HOUSEHOLD SURFACES

A Research Paper
Presented to the Senior High School Faculty of
ACLC College of Ormoc City, Inc.

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion subject
Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

By

Batuto, Clint Vince C.

Boloy, Jean Carille D.
Eñerez, Nixon Angel S.
Jose, Ken S.
Larracas, Wil James D.
Mahusay, Angel Faith L.
Parrilla, Ronald Gary C.
Rubia, Giandy S.
Teleron, Mateo A.
Yare, Clark Modequillo M.

May 2024
 APPROVAL SHEET
This research paper entitled, THE EFFICACY OF MATURE COCONUT SHELL
POWDER-BASED ABRASIVE CLEANER ON HOUSEHOLD SURFACES
prepared, and submitted by BATUTO C., BOLOY D., NIXON S., KEN S., WIL D.,
ANGEL L., RONALD C., GIANDY S., MATEO A., and CLARK M., in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the subject in INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION,
AND IMMERSION has been examined and recommended for acceptance and approval
for ORAL EXAMINATION.

RESEARCH COMMITTEE

KINGSLEY M. MATUGAS
Research Adviser

______________ ________________ ________________

Member Member Member

JANICE D. AYA-AY
Chair

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of PASSED/FAILED.

JANICE D. AYA-AY
Chair

______________ ________________ ________________

Member Member Member

KINGSLEY M. MATUGAS
Research Adviser

Accepted and approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject in
INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATION, AND IMMERSION.
Date of Oral Examination PASSED/FAILED: May 15, 2023.
JUDIE ROSE C. ALICAYA, LPT
SHS Coordinator
 ABSTRACT

This research explored a natural alternative to traditional abrasive cleaners: a

mature coconut shell powder-based cleaner. Using a purposive sampling design, we

tested three treatments with varying measurements of coconut shell powder and baking

soda. The optimum formulation was utilized for comparison to Mr. Muscle Multi-

Purpose Cleaner (T0) in Stain Removal Efficiency, Cleaning Time, and Surface Safety.

With the application of Descriptive Statistics, Two-Way ANOVA, and MANOVA, our

analysis showcased Treatment 3 (T3) to be the optimum formulation. Furthermore, the

researchers found no significant difference in all surfaces, except for Stain Removal

Efficiency on Steel Cookware, wherein T3 outperformed T0. There is also no significant

difference in Cleaning Time and Surface Safety between T0 and T3. However, the

difference in terms of Stain Removal Efficiency was significant. Finally, our findings

revealed substantial differences overall between the control group and treatment group.

As the only disparity was found in Stain Removal Efficiency on Steel Cookware, wherein

T3 surpassed T0, we can infer that the Mature Coconut Shell Powder-Based Abrasive

Cleaner is comparable to commercial cleaners.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers express sincere gratitude to all individuals who contributed to the

completion of this research project. We extend our heartfelt appreciation to the Almighty

God for continuous blessings and guidance throughout this journey. Special thanks to our

III instructor, Ms. Janice Aya-ay, for her invaluable guidance and professional expertise.

We are also grateful to our research adviser, Mr. Kingsley Matugas, for his unwavering

support, constructive criticisms, and suggestions that refined our work. Moreover, we

thank Mr. Rufino Hermias from the Science Department and the ACLC FBS laboratory

for granting us access to the laboratory tools and for lending us various equipment.

Additionally, we appreciate the participation of the residents of Purok 4, Barangay Lino,

Ormoc City, and Mrs. Ann Quilantang for facilitating our data requests at the Barangay

Hall of Linao. Lastly, heartfelt thanks to our beloved parents for their moral, emotional,

and financial support throughout the research process.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ABSTRACT iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

LIST OF TABLES vi

LIST OF FIGURES vii

Chapter Page

I INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 3

Hypotheses 5

Significance of the Study 5

Scope and Delimitations of the Study 6

Definitions of Terms 7

II THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Review of Related Literature and Studies 9

Theoretical Framework 14

Conceptual Framework 15

III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Method 17
 Research Design 17

Research Environment 17

Sampling Method 18

Research Respondents 18

Research Instruments 18

Research Procedures 19

Ethical Considerations 20

IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA

V SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

Transmittal Letter

Consent Form

Questionnaire

Result

Curriculum Vitae
 LIST OF TABLE

Title Page

Optimum Formulation of the Mature Coconut Shell 22

Powder-Based Abrasive Cleaner

Significant Difference Between T0 and T3 in Terms 23

of Surfaces

Significant Difference Between T0 and T3 in Terms 25

of Stain Removal Efficiency, Cleaning Time, and
Surface Safety

Overall Significant Difference Between T0 and T3 26

Correlation Between CSP, Baking Soda, and Overall 27

Performance
 LIST OF FIGURES

Title Page

Conceptual Model of the Study 15

 1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The household cleaning products market addresses the universal need for

cleanliness and hygiene in homes. This market includes arrays of products such as

surface cleaners, disinfectants, laundry detergents, and abrasive cleaners, effective for

tough stains and dirt. With growing awareness of health and environmental risks,

consumers seek sustainable cleaning solutions. This study investigates the efficacy of

mature coconut shell-based abrasive cleaners to repurpose this common agricultural

waste in tackling these health and environmental concerns. This initiative arose from the

need for eco-friendly alternatives due to traditional abrasive cleaners comprising harmful

chemicals.

Abrasive cleaners are agents containing abrasive particles to enhance cleaning

action by mechanically scrubbing away dirt, stains, and grime from surfaces. They

consist of chemicals of concern such as strong acids and bases (Clausen et al., 2020).

Moreover, the release of these chemicals can potentially harm human health indirectly.

The shift towards exploring alternatives, such as natural abrasive cleaners, is compelled

to mitigate these adverse effects brought about by conventional cleaning products. Hence,

our researchers of today actively experiment with these. Recognizing the environmental

impact, they explore various applications for coconut shells—the hard outer layer of

coconuts and a leading agricultural waste, with a technical residue volume of 1. million

tons in the Philippines in 2016 alone (PhilMech, 2018). These shells can be pulverized

into tiny grains, resulting in what is known as Coconut Shell Powder (CSP). This

versatile powder not only finds use in skincare products and cement fillers, but as
 2

abrasives in cleaners as well. Their suitability in this use is evident after scrounging

current knowledge.

Our literature review reveals not only the various uses of coconut remains (Vo et

al., 2023; Racaza and Cabahug, 2018), but also the characteristics of coconut shells and

abrasive cleaners which provides an overview on how effective coconut shell powder will

be in this application (Kumar & Pannu, 2023).

After evaluating the current literature regarding this topic, this study addresses

distinct research gaps in the present knowledge base. Firstly, there is a lack of

comparative assessments between coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaners and

commercial ones. Existing information on coconut shell powder's efficacy also lacks

specificity regarding the surfaces it cleans and potential damage. Finally, there is a

notable lack of existing formulations integrating coconut shell powder with components

like baking soda, white vinegar, and coco glucoside. Therefore, to bridge these gaps, the

study will compare the coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner to the commercial

option in terms of Stain Removal Efficiency, Cleaning Time, and Surface Safety and to

different household surfaces; determining their optimum formulation and if there is a

significant difference between them. In evaluating the cleaning effectiveness of our

study's product, we strategically considered three parameters. Firstly, for Stain Removal

Efficiency, drawing from the International Sanitary Supply Association's (ISSA)

emphasis on 'Clean, Measure, Monitor,' the researchers ensured that the product achieves

desired levels of cleanliness (The ISSA Clean Standards, 2019). Secondly, Song & Walsh

(2020) discusses that bench-scale studies can be used for determining the approximate

'time to clean' for a product to guide the selection of the starting time for cleaning

qualification studies, emphasizing the importance of a Cleaning Time parameter. Lastly,

Maravelaki, P.N. (2022), underscores the significance of Surface Safety, emphasizing the
 3

impact of cleaning products on surfaces. They consider substrate as a factor in selecting

the best cleaning methodology.

The main beneficiaries of this study will be the individuals within households,

where they can practice more regenerative approaches due to a newly formulated cleaner;

the entrepreneurs, who can gain profits from the product produced from this study; the

government agencies and policymakers, who can implement policies that strive towards

an environmentally safe society by encouraging items such as this; and the future

researchers, who can further investigate potential synergies and efficacy between

ingredients and novel materials. Ultimately, this endeavor will aid the advancement

towards a greener world.

Overall, this study tests the efficacy of mature coconut shell-based abrasive

cleaners, generating another earth-friendly cleaning alternative and addressing

environmental and health concerns linked to traditional cleaners. Additionally, the

research aims to fill knowledge gaps and provide comprehensive assessment. If this study

proves to be successful, its impact will extend to households, entrepreneurs,

policymakers, and future researchers, taking a step towards a healthier ecosystem.

Statement of the Problem

Abrasive cleaners are substances that mechanically brush away dirt, stains, and

grime from surfaces in order to improve cleaning action. This study explores the potential

of mature coconut shell-based abrasive cleaners, repurposing agricultural waste, to

address environmental and health issues, highlighting the need for environmentally safe

alternatives to harmful chemicals in cleaning products.

 4

This study aims to test the efficacy of mature coconut shell powder as a new eco-

friendly cleaning alternative for households, generating valuable insights for those

seeking sustainable substitutes in cleaning practices.

Specifically, the researchers sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the optimum formulation of the mature coconut shell powder-based

abrasive cleaner?

T1: CSP - 30ml; Baking Soda - 60ml; Coco Glucoside - 60ml; White Vinegar -

15ml; Water 30ml

T2: CSP - 60ml; Baking Soda - 30ml; Coco Glucoside - 60ml; White Vinegar -

15ml; Water 30ml

T3: CSP - 45ml; Baking Soda - 45ml; Coco Glucoside - 60ml; White Vinegar -

15ml; Water 30ml

2. What is the efficacy of mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner in

comparison to Mr. Muscle Multi-Purpose Cleaner on different household

surfaces, such as:

2.1 Steel Cookware

2.2 Tiles

2.3 Ceramics

2.4 Glass

2.5 Wood

3. How does the performance of mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive

cleaner compare to Mr. Muscle Multi-Purpose Cleaner concerning the following

parameters:

3.1 Stain Removal Efficiency

3.2 Cleaning Time

 5

3.3 Surface Safety

4. Is there a significant difference in cleaning efficacy between a commercial

household cleaner and a mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner for

household surfaces?

Hypotheses

H0: There is no significant difference in cleaning efficacy between a commercial

household cleaner and a mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner for

household surfaces.

Ha: There is a significant difference in cleaning efficacy between a commercial

household cleaner and a mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner for

household surfaces.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to test the efficacy of mature coconut shell-based abrasive

cleaners on household surfaces, developing a new cleaning alternative. This section

showcases how this study can contribute to different sectors and recipients.

The results of the study will yield great benefit to the following:

To Households. This study benefits households by minimizing reliance on

conventional cleaners containing harmful chemicals. It introduces an environmentally

friendly alternative which creates a safer and healthier indoor environment, promoting an

eco-conscious lifestyle.

To Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs can gain profit in prompting the development

and marketing of coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaners, given the novelty of the
 6

product and the escalation of green trends. It also generates revenue for coconut farmers

and processors in the agricultural industry by repurposing the byproducts of their harvest.

To Government Agencies and Policymakers. Policymakers can leverage this

study to craft policies that foster an earth-conscious economy. They can implement

programs and rules which aid systematic recycling of abundant coconut shell waste; these

align with environmental goals and encourage green entrepreneurship.

To Future Researchers. This study provides insights for future research in

developing new sustainable cleaning solutions, particularly in exploring diverse

applications of coconut shell-based materials. Moreover, it also opens to experimentation

for different organic cleaning formulations and research on the potential synergies of their

ingredients.

Scope and Delimitation

The Grade 12 STEM-G Mercury students from ACLC College of Ormoc will

conduct a study from February 2024 to April 2024. The study aims to discover the

efficacy of mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner on household surfaces,

providing an eco-conscious cleaning alternative for residences. Additionally, the selected

participants will be 38 household caretakers from Purok 4, Brgy. Linao, Ormoc City. The

chosen coconut will be mature and sourced from Brgy. Margen, Ormoc City.

The efficacy of mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner will be

examined on the following domestic surfaces: steel cookware, tiles, ceramics, glass, and

wood. Additionally, the assessment will consider the following parameters: Stain

Removal Efficiency (SRE), Cleaning Time (CT), and Surface Safety (SS). The type of

dirt targeted will vary depending on its availability within participants' homes. However,

if participants are unable to provide a dirtied surface, mud will be used as an alternative
 7

stain. Based on these variables, the comparison will be with a commercial control group:

Mr. Muscle Multi-Purpose Cleaner. Furthermore, the study will implement a true-

experimental quantitative design and will utilize a survey questionnaire (5-point Hedonic

Scale) in gathering the data.

Definition of Terms

Abrasive Cleaners. These are cleaning products that contain abrasive particles

that help remove tough dirt or deposits from surfaces by generating a scouring effect.

Baking Soda. This component has properties as an alkali which facilitates dirt

and stain removal; is synergistic with white vinegar.

Cleaning Time (CT). A parameter included in the study to test efficacy by

measuring the amount of time it took for the residue and dirt to completely be eliminated

from the surface.

Coco Glucoside. A natural biodegradable surfactant originating from coconuts

which are suitable for application in cleaners due to their foaming capabilities.

Efficacy. Denotes how well the performance is of a particular product, method, or

treatment.

Household Surfaces. These are surfaces found within households, such as steel

cookware, tiles, ceramics, glass, and wood (e.g., wooden tables).

Mature Coconut Shell Powder (CSP). Refers to the finely ground or powdered

form of the outer shell of a mature coconut. This is the abrasive to our cleaner.

Stain Removal Efficiency (SRE). A parameter included in the study to test

efficacy by measuring the amount of stain that remained on a surface after the application

of both treatment and control group.

 8

Surface Safety (SS). A parameter included in the study to test efficacy by

measuring the extent of damage done to the surface after application of both treatment

and control group.

White Vinegar. This component is synergistic to baking soda, such that their

collaboration controls the spread of harmful microorganisms.

 9

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

Review of Related Literature

This review seeks to summarize the knowledge on the potential use of coconut

shells in abrasive cleaners, with a focus on characteristics and properties of coconut shells

and abrasive cleaners, and their present applications. Subsequently, the researchers will

assess the data and address the gaps within the field.

Coconuts are a leading agricultural waste at a local and international scale. They

have a global production of 63.7 million metric tons from the year 2000 to 2021

(Shahbandeh, 2023), contributing to vast waste formation, especially in tropical countries

such as Thailand, India, Nigeria, and other African territories (Azeta et al., 2021).

Coconut is also a substantial agricultural crop in the Philippines, with rice, corn, coconut,

sugarcane, and manures being major sources of their biomass, derived from its city waste

generation (Philcongen, 2023; Statista, 2023). In the Philippines, coconut shell technical

residue volume reached 1.9 million tons in 2016, not including the coconut husks and

fronds (PhilMech, 2018). As improper coconut shell disposal is associated with public

and air pollution, poor sanitation, and facilitation of mosquito breeding and disease

transmission, researchers are induced to deliver on its potential applications to promote

sustainability (Nunes et al., 2020; Obeng et al., 2020).

On the other hand, commercial cleaners are detrimental, as they instigate health

risks and ecological impairments, therefore eliciting scholars to ameliorate their impact.

Evidence has shown that cleaning products incite adverse respiratory effects such as

sensitizer-induced rhinitis and irritant-induced respiratory disorders: sensory and tissue

irritation. It also increases risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by 43% (De
 10

Matteis et al., 2020; Archangelidi et al., 2020). This is likely due to chemicals of concern

present in most cleaners such as strong acids and bases and quaternary ammonium

compounds (Clausen et al., 2020). Thus, researchers sought the mitigation of their

chemical effects on human health and the environment by exploring various natural

organic solutions. Among the plethora of options, coconut shells are brought into

discussions as alternatives as well.

Applications of Coconut Remains

Coconuts have different applications in current literature; however, this section

will focus on applications found in local research. For instance, Vo et al. 's (2023) study

on the production, characterization, and application of biochar from coconut husks in

absorbing heavy metals, demonstrated a maximum adsorption capacity and high metal

removal performance after the metal absorption test. Another study by Racaza and

Cabahug (2018) found that using up to 60% by weight of young coconut husk ash as a

partial cement replacement produces acceptable mortar for certain construction

applications. The researchers highlight the intention of this study to contribute to the

knowledge base of coconut potential uses and the field of earth-conscious cleaning

solutions.

Characteristics of Abrasive Cleaners

According to Aspell (2023), abrasives play a crucial role in dislodging residues

from surfaces, and among those are calcite, silica, salt, and baking soda. It showcases a

physical, chemical, or mineral force that produces the abrasive action of removing soil

from miniscule areas.

 11

Since the abrasive is integrated into a cleaner, it is vital that the hardness of the

surface must exceed the hardness of the abrasive to be applied. Otherwise, surface

damage will occur. For instance, a glass plate with a 5.5 Mohs hardness will be scratched

by orthoclase (6 Mohs Hardness) but not by apatite (5 Mohs Hardness) (Mohs Hardness,

2024). The general composition of chemical abrasive cleaners typically includes calcium

carbonate (90-95% in powders and 20-50% in liquids), sodium carbonate (0-5% in

powders and 1-10% in liquids), surfactants (ionic, non-ionic, soap), polycarboxylateand

(0-2% in liquids), additives (dyes, fragrances, preservatives), and water (40-60% in

liquids) (Meesters et al., 2018). Understanding the composition of abrasive cleaners will

enable the researchers to ascertain the suitability of coconut shell powder as an abrasive

for this study’s output.

Properties of Coconut Shell Powder

The chemical composition of coconut shells and coconut shell powder displays

variation. Dried coconut shells exhibit 33.61% cellulose, 36.51% lignin content, 29.27%

pentosans, 0.61% ash, and 65-75% volatile matter (Nadzri et al., 2020). The data

indicates lignin content to be the highest element present in coconut shells. This

information is relevant as the hardness of coconut shells is contributed to their lignin

content. This observation is supported by a Mazumder & Zhang (2023) study, which

attributes the increased hardness of mature endocarp to the thickening and lignification of

the cell wall during the aging process.

In terms of suitability as an abrasive cleaner, coconut shells are sufficiently hard,

rendering them conducive for homes. Calcite, a common abrasive in chemical cleaners, is

mildly abrasive with a Mohs scale of 3 (Mohs Hardness, 2024) This is similar to coconut

shells which has a hardness of around 3.5 (Kumar & Pannu, 2023). Thereby, they are
 12

unlikely to scratch glass, marble, and ceramic tiles (Khan, 2023; Miller, 2019; Spencer,

2020); this implies their suitability as a home cleaner. In addition, we will include coco

glucoside, a natural biodegradable agent leveraged by their foaming abilities as the

surfactant in our composition (Loyawattananan et al., 2020). Baking soda will also be

combined with vinegar as it prevents the expansion of adverse microorganisms such as

mold and bacteria (Raman, 2020).

By assessing the characteristics of coconut shell powder, the researchers can link

it to the properties of abrasive cleaners, which predicts its efficacy in this application.

This section also provides the justification for our formula.

Literature Gaps

After reviewing the existing literature relating to this topic, the researchers are

able to recognize the gaps within the body of knowledge, which propelled the

configuration of this study’s SOP. The following are the gaps this study aims to fill:

Comparative Assessment to Commercial Cleaner. There is a lack of research

comparing coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaners to commercial cleaners,

particularly concerning the following parameters: stain removal efficiency, cleaning time,

and surface safety. This study aims to bridge this gap, ascertain if there is a significant

difference between these abrasive cleaners, and determine their optimum formulation.

Surface Assessment. Existing data on coconut shell powder as an abrasive

cleaner is vague. While some sources cite its use in cleaning and polishing (Super User,

2023;‌ Siteadmin, 2022), they lack information on the specific surfaces and the extent of

their surface damage. Therefore, this study offers an efficacy assessment on the

following: steel cookware, tiles, ceramics, glass, and wood.

 13

Formulation. While coconut shell powder is recognized as an abrasive which can

be integrated into cleaners (Super User, 2023: Siteadmin, 2022), there is a lack of its

existing formulations. There is no current literature assimilating coconut shell powder,

baking soda, white vinegar, and coco glucoside. This study aims to fill this gap, offering

insights on their potential synergies.

 14

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored on the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) theory

developed by Kim Witte (Witte, 1992).

This theory describes the response of individuals in relation to health and safety

when they perceive a potential threat. It states that people go through a process of

evaluating two factors: Threat Appraisal, wherein they assess the severity of the threat;

and Efficacy Appraisal, wherein they assess the effectiveness of recommended actions by

considering how likely it is to be successful in reducing the perceived threat. If the threat

is high and efficacy is low, individuals will engage in a defensive response and will not

take the recommended actions. On the other hand, if the threat is high and efficacy is

high, individuals are more likely to adopt the safety measures to address the perceived

threat (Yoon et al., 2022; Barnett et al., 2009).

In relation to our study, the individual’s threat would be the current health and

environmental concerns brought about by conventional cleaning products. In order for

individuals to mitigate this and opt for using natural cleaners, the efficacy factor

(recommended action: transition use to organic cleaners) must be increased. By filling in

knowledge gaps in the ‘eco-friendly cleaning solutions’ field and providing insights on

the efficacy of coconut shell powder as an abrasive in cleaners, other researchers will be

able to refer to this and devise better eco-conscious cleaners. When these solutions are

released in the market, this will enable individuals to gain confidence in organic

household cleaning products and use them instead.

 15

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1. Conceptual Model of the Study

The researchers utilized the IPO model formulated by McGrath (1964). Figure 1

shows the conceptual model of the study on the efficacy of mature coconut shell powder-

based abrasive cleaners on household surfaces.

The first frame presents the input which includes the commercial abrasive cleaner

and the raw materials to create the mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner.

The second frame presents the step-by-step process in formulating the mature

coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner, the application of treatment and control

group, and the tools for analyzing the collected data. The ingredient measurements of

each treatment are as follows: Coco Glucoside - 60ml, White Vinegar - 30ml, Water -30

ml. These measurements are consistent throughout all three treatments. However, where
 16

they differ is in the measurements of CSP and baking soda: T1: CSP - 30ml, Baking Soda

- 60ml; T2: CSP - 60ml, Baking Soda - 30ml; T3: CSP - 45ml, Baking Soda - 45ml.

The third frame presents the outputs of the study, which include the product:

mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner harnessing optimum formulation, its

assessed efficacy compared to Mr. Muscle Multi-Purpose Cleaner in terms of Stain

Removal Efficiency (SRE), Cleaning Time (CT), and Surface Safety (SS); as well as its

assessed efficacy on different household surfaces such as steel cookware, tiles, ceramics,

glass, and wood.

 17

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter focuses on the discussion of the research methods and procedures

adhered to by the researchers in order to systematically answer the specific problems

posed for investigation. Particularly research method, research design, sampling methods,

research environment, data gathering procedure, instruments, and statistical treatment

used for the accurate data analysis and interpretation were elucidated.

Research Method

The research method to be utilized for this study is quantitative. Quantitative

research involves quantifying and analyzing variables to obtain results (Apuke, 2017). As

this study will analyze the collected data in numerical quantity by applying statistical

analysis, this method is deemed most appropriate.

Research Design

This study will employ a true-experimental design. This design characterizes

studies featuring at least one independent variable and one dependent variable, with the

study units randomly allocated to various treatment conditions (Dawes, 2010). The

researchers believe that this framework meets the requirements to produce the desired

outcomes of this study.

Research Environment

The selection of participants will be conducted in Purok 4, Barangay Linao,

Ormoc City. The venue of the trial will be set in their own households with their

permission.
 18

Sampling Method

The participants will be selected using a nonprobability sampling technique –

specifically, purposive sampling method, for the academic year 2023-2024. Purposive

sampling technique is when researchers deliberately choose participants based on

qualities they possess (Dolores & Tongco, 2007). Thus, this method is the most

appropriate for this study.

According to barangay records, the total number of households in Purok 4, Linao,

is 41. Thus, in order for the collected data to have 95% confidence and a 5% margin of

error, the sample of this study will be 38 participants.

Research Respondents

The primary participants of this research study will be 38 households from Purok

4, Barangay Linao, Ormoc City. Specifically, they must adhere to the following

inclusion-exclusion criteria:

1. Currently a household caretaker: individuals who do the majority of the house

chores in their own household.

2. A Non-Minor and a Non-Senior Citizen (18-59 years old).

3. Must be living together with people they consider as family.

4. Must be a resident of Purok 4, Barangay Linao, Ormoc City.

Research Instruments

In order to test the efficacy of the cleaning mixture, the instrument to be utilized

will be a survey questionnaire—specifically, the 5-point hedonic scale, serving as the

basis for evaluating Stain Removal Efficiency (SRE), Cleaning Time (CT) and Surface

Safety (SS) parameters.

 19

The researchers utilized an instrument for screening eligible participants for this

study from the work of O’Mahony et al. (1995), titled "Validation of a Population

Screening Questionnaire to Assess the Prevalence of Stroke." Whereas, the survey

questionnaire used by the participants for rating was adapted from a study by Singh-

Ackbarali & Maharaj (2014) on sensory evaluation as a tool to determine the

acceptability of innovative products developed by undergraduate students in food science

and technology.

Research Procedures

Pre-Data Gathering

The researchers will travel to Purok 4, Barangay Linao Ormoc City, carrying the

materials provided: scorecard, coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner, commercial

cleaner, and tools for the application process. The researchers will then select 38 eligible

household caretakers that conforms to our inclusion-exclusion criteria. Subsequently,

they will be given a consent form to prove their willingness and guarantee the anonymity

of their identities.

During Data Gathering

The trials will be conducted within 5 days, with 2 groups (researchers) separated

to perform the trial. Each group will lead the trial of 19 participants, with every

participant executing and rating T0 to T3. The following outlines the process each batch

is required to undergo after determining the individual’s eligibility:

Firstly, the researchers will enter the house after obtaining permission from the

participant. The researchers will then inquire whether the participants have dirtied

surfaces similar to those provided in the study. If not, dirt will be added to the study-
 20

provided surfaces. Subsequently, the participants will be asked to apply the cleaner to

each classification: Wood, Ceramics, Steel Cookware, Tiles, and Glass.

The participant will grab these designated surfaces and meticulously apply the

treatment product using the following tools: a towel for Wood and Glass; a sponge for

Steel Cookware and Ceramics; and a brush for Tiles. Subsequently, they will thoroughly

rinse the surfaces with water. The researchers will record the length of their cleaning

operation. Following that, they will align the surfaces in a row to present the results. The

participant will individually observe the surfaces and rate them using the survey

questionnaire provided by the researchers. Once completed, the questionnaire for T0 will

be collected, and the next treatment phase will commence. The subsequent treatment

phases (T1, T2, & T3) will follow the same process. After a participant completes the

rating of T0-T3, the researchers will proceed to another participant’s household, still

following the same procedure.

Post-Data Gathering

The collected data will then be organized, with each treatment (T0-T3) separated

from each other. Subsequently, the data will be subjected to statistical analysis for

interpretation of results.

Ethical Considerations

This study will adhere to the ethical considerations developed by Bell and

Bryman (2007). Participants will not be subjected to any harm, and researchers will

obtain their full informed consent prior to the data gathering. Moreover, the protection of

privacy and anonymity for individuals and organizations will be ensured, with

participants retaining their right to withdraw at any stage from the research process.
 21

An adequate level of confidentiality will be secured for research data, and the

study will avoid any deception or exaggeration of its aims and objectives. Additionally,

discussions and analyses will be maintained at the highest level of objectivity, with

declarations of affiliations in any form, sources of funding, and possible conflicts of

interest. Ultimately, communication regarding the research will be conducted with

honesty and transparency, whilst also avoiding misleading information and biased

representation of data findings.

 22

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This section provides the presentation of statistical data relative to the problems

posited. The corresponding analysis and interpretation of data are incorporated in this

portion of the study.

Table 1

Optimum Formulation of the Mature Coconut Shell Powder-Based Abrasive

Cleaner

Treatment Weighted Weighted Weighted Final Mean Rank

Mean of Mean of CT Mean of SS
SRE

T1 1.9813 0.4924 2.1965 4.6702 3

T2 2.0047 0.4895 2.2105 4.7047 2

T3 2.0678 0.4906 2.2152 4.7737 1

As indicated in Table 1, the final means for T1, T2, and T3 are 4.67, 4.70, and

4.77, respectively. The researchers determined the optimal formulation based on the

treatment with the highest final mean. Consequently, the data suggests that T3 exhibits

the best overall performance, followed by T2 and then T1. Thus, the optimal formulation

of the Mature Coconut Shell-Powder Based Abrasive Cleaner is T3.

T3 consistently demonstrates the highest performance in both Stain Removal

Efficiency and Surface Safety, while T1 consistently performs the worst in these

parameters. However, T1 excels in Cleaning Time, with T2 being the least effective in

this regard.
 23

Furthermore, within the calculation, each criterion was assigned a weight based

on its importance, determined using Pairwise Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The

weights are as follows: SRE=0.4444; CT=0.1111; and SS=0.4444. These weights were

then multiplied to the original mean to calculate the weighted mean, as illustrated in the

table above.

Table 2

Significant Difference Between T0 and T3 in Terms of Surfaces

Tukey’s HSD Test

T0 T3 Mean Difference p-tukey Interpretation

SRE Steel C. Steel C. -0.6579 0.004 Significant

Tiles Tiles -0.3947 0.362 Not Significant

Ceramic Ceramic -0.3684 0.465 Not Significant

Glass Glass -0.5263 0.059 Not Significant

Wood Wood -6.22e–16 1.000 Not Significant

CT Steel C. Steel C. -1.03e–15 1.000 Not Significant

Tiles Tiles 0.0789 1.000 Not Significant

Ceramic Ceramic 0.0526 1.000 Not Significant

Glass Glass -0.0789 1.000 Not Significant

 24

Wood Wood -9.71e–17 1.000 Not Significant

SS Steel C. Steel C. -1.35e–15 1.000 Not Significant

Tiles Tiles -1.04e–17 1.000 Not Significant

Ceramic Ceramic 0.0263 0.999 Not Significant

Glass Glass 0.0263 0.999 Not Significant

Wood Wood 9.54e–17 1.000 Not Significant

As presented in Table 2, the Steel Cookware T0 demonstrates significantly lower

SRE compared to T3 (mean difference = -0.6579, p-value = 0.004), indicating superior

performance of T3. Conversely, no significant differences are observed for Tiles,

Ceramic, Glass, and Wood surfaces (p-values > 0.05). However, considering the negative

mean difference of every surface comparison except for Wood, this implies that T0

showed lower Stain Removal Efficiency compared to T3 for most surfaces. Additionally,

for Wood, the mean difference is extremely close to zero (-6.22e–16), indicating a

negligible difference in mean SRE between T0 and T3 on this surface.

For Steel Cookware and Wood surfaces with the Cleaning Time parameter, the

mean differences are extremely close to zero (-1.03e–15 and -9.71e–17), suggesting

virtually identical mean CT values between T0 and T3. Conversely, Tiles and Ceramic

have a positive mean difference, indicating T0 to have a slightly higher mean than T3.

This suggests that T0 performs better in this area. However, T3 does have slightly better
 25

cleaning time on glass (-0.0789). Nonetheless, while the mean differences are slightly

positive or negative, they are not statistically significant (p-values > 0.05).

The comparison of Surface Safety between T0 and T3 across different surfaces

shows no significant differences for all surface types. Specifically, for Steel Cookware,

Tiles, and Wood surfaces, the mean differences are extremely close to zero, suggesting

virtually identical mean Surface Safety values between the two treatments. Conversely,

for Ceramic and Glass surfaces, the mean differences are positive (0.0263), indicating

slightly higher mean Surface Safety for T0 compared to T3. This implies that T0

performs slightly better in not harming the cleaned surface. However, as mentioned, these

differences are not statistically significant (p-value > 0.05).

Table 3

Significant Difference Between T0 and T3 in Terms of Stain Removal Efficiency,

Cleaning Time, and Surface Safety

Two-Way ANOVA

Parameters Sum of df Mean F p Interpretation

Squares Square

SRE 14.41 1 14.411 26.81 < .001 Significant

CT 0.0105 1 0.0105 0.0345 0.853 Not Significant

SS 0.0105 1 0.01053 0.507 0.477 Not Significant

Tukey’s HSD Test

Mean SE df t p-tukey
Difference

SRE -0.389 0.0752 370 -5.18 < .001

CT 0.0105 0.0567 370 0.186 0.853

 26

SS 0.0105 0.0148 370 0.712 0.477

The ANOVA results for Stain Removal Efficiency between T0 and T3 yields a p-

value less than 0.001. This indicates that there is a statistically significant difference

between the two cleaners. In the post-hoc analysis using Tukey’s HSD test, the mean

difference between T0 and T3 is -0.389. The negative mean difference suggests that, on

average, the Stain Removal Efficiency of T0 is lower than that of T3. This implies that T3

has a statistically significantly better SRE performance in comparison to T0.

On the other hand, the ANOVA results for cleaning time between T0 and T3 have

a p-value of 0.853 which indicates that there is no statistically significant difference in

cleaning time between the two. However, since the mean difference is positive (0.0105),

the cleaning time score for T0 is slightly higher than that of T3.

Finally, the ANOVA results for surface safety between T0 and T3 have a p-value

of 0.477 which also indicates that there is no statistically significant difference in surface

safety between the two cleaners. Moreover, the mean difference is 0.0105 suggesting T0

to have a slightly higher surface safety measure compared to T3 by a magnitude of

0.0105 units.

Table 4

Overall Significant Difference Between T0 and T3

MANOVA

value F df1 df2 p Interpretation

Treatment Pillai’s Trace 0.0705 9.299 3 368 < .001 Significant

Wilks’ 0.930 9.299 3 368 < .001 Significant

Lambda
 27

Based on the p-values of <.001 obtained from both Pillai’s Trace and Wilks’

Lambda tests, we rejected the null hypothesis and concluded that there is a significant

overall difference between T0 and T3.

The researchers employed a MANOVA for analysis, considering the two factors

(Treatment & Surfaces) and multiple parameters (SRE, CT & SS). Furthermore,

MANOVA is a suitable statistical approach as it incorporates omnibus tests such as

Pillai’s Trace and Wilks’ Lambda, which assess significance while accounting for various

variables.

Table 5

Correlation Between CSP, Baking Soda, and Overall Performance

Correlation Matrix

Spearman p-value Interpretation

Coefficient

CSP * Overall 0.500 1.000 Positive Monotonic

Performance Relationship

Baking S * Overall -0.500 1.000 Negative Monotonic

Performance Relationship

The Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.500 between Coconut Shell Powder

(CSP) and Overall Performance indicates a moderate positive monotonic relationship.

This implies that there is a tendency for higher amounts of Coconut Shell Powder to be

associated with higher Overall Performance scores, and vice versa. However, this

relationship is only moderate in strength and the p-value of 1.000 suggests that this

correlation is not statistically significant.

 28

Contrastingly, the coefficient of -0.500 between Overall Performance and Baking

Soda indicates a moderate negative monotonic relationship between these two variables.

This implies that there is a tendency for higher Overall Performance scores to be

associated with lower amounts of Baking Soda, and vice versa. This relationship is also

only moderate in strength and with a p-value of 1.000, suggesting a non-statistically

significant correlation.
 29

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter summarizes the findings, conclusions, and recommendations derived

from the data collected through participant questionnaires. Statistical tools including

Weighted Mean, Multivariate Analysis of Variance, and Two-Way Analysis of Variance

were utilized for content analysis.

Summary of Findings

Findings of the study are arranged according to the Statement of the Problem.

1. What is the optimum formulation of the mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive

cleaner?

The treatment with the optimum formulation is T3, with a final weighted

mean of 4.77, followed by T2 with 4.70 and T1 with 4.67, respectively.

2. What is the efficacy of mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner in

comparison to Mr. Muscle Multi-Purpose Cleaner on different household surfaces,

such as: Steel Cookware, Tiles, Ceramics, Glass, and Wood.

The Stain Removal Efficiency of Steel Cookware indicates a significant

difference between T0 and T3 ( p-value < .001). T0 has significantly lower

performance in this aspect than T3 (mean diff.=-0.6579). For all other surfaces,

there are no significant differences observed (p < 0.05). However, we can still

determine which treatment performs slightly better than the other.

The following surface-parameter combinations, wherein the mean

differences are extremely close to zero, suggest virtually identical means: Wood -

SRE; Steel C. & Wood - CT; Steel C., Tiles, and Wood - SS.
 30

The combinations wherein the mean differences indicate T0 to have

slightly better performance are: Tiles & Ceramic - CT; Ceramic & Glass - SS.

Finally, the combinations wherein the mean differences indicate T3 to

have slightly better performance are: Steel C., Tiles, Ceramic, Glass - SRE; Glass

- CT.

3. How does the performance of mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner

compare to Mr. Muscle Multi-Purpose Cleaner concerning the following parameters:

Stain Removal Efficiency, Cleaning Time, and Surface Safety.

There is a significant difference between T0 and T3 in terms of Stain

Removal Efficiency (p-value < .001), with T3 performing statistically better

(mean difference = -0.389). However, there was no significant difference in

Cleaning Time and Surface Safety between T0 and T3, with T0 performing

slightly better in both parameters (both have a mean diff. of 0.0105).

4. Is there a significant difference in cleaning efficacy between a commercial household

cleaner and a mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive cleaner for household

surfaces?

There is an overall significant difference between T0 and T3 (p-value

<.001), so the researchers reject the null hypothesis.

Conclusion

In this study, we compared the mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive

cleaner to a commercial household cleaner, focusing on Stain Removal Efficiency,

Cleaning Time, and Surface Safety. Our findings indicate that the optimal formulation of
 31

the coconut shell powder-based cleaner is when Coconut Shell Powder (CSP) and baking

soda are of equal measurements. Additionally, a significant difference between T0 and T3

in overall efficacy led to the rejection of this study's null hypothesis. Specifically, the

coconut shell powder-based cleaner outperforms the commercial cleaner in eliminating

dirt from surfaces (SRE). Although the commercial cleaner has slight advantages in

Cleaning Time and Surface Safety, these differences are statistically minimal compared to

the Stain Removal Efficiency. Therefore, we conclude that this cleaner is suitable for

household usage and is comparable to commercial products. Furthermore, this fulfills our

aim of providing an effective eco-friendly alternative cleaning solution for households,

mitigating the harmful effects brought about by conventional cleaners and reusing an

abundant agricultural waste.

Recommendations

1. Assess with Varied Staining Agents. For future studies, consider using various

types of dirt or specific food stains to evaluate the efficacy of mature coconut

shell powder-based abrasive cleaners across different scenarios.

2. Extend Testing Duration. Lengthen the testing period to evaluate the long-term

effectiveness and impact of the coconut shell powder-based cleaner on the applied

surface.

3. Test Household Acceptability. Evaluate the acceptability of coconut shell

powder-based cleaner based on subjective factors such as smell, to gauge

participants' willingness to purchase and use this product.

4. Test Environmental Impact. Investigate the environmental impact of using

coconut shell cleaners compared to conventional cleaners, including waste

production and overall environmental benefits.

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Appendices
INFORMED CONSENT FORM

TITLE OF STUDY
The Efficacy of Coconut Shell Powder-Based Abrasive Cleaner on Household Surfaces

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Ken S. Jose
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Department
Barangay Linao, Ormoc City 6541
(0956)-382-5923
kenjose000@gmail.com

PURPOSE OF STUDY

Please be informed that you are being invited to take part in a research study. Before you decide to
participate in this study, it is important that you understand why the research is being done and what your
participation will involve. Please read the following information carefully and feel free to ask the
researcher if there is anything that is not clear or if you need more information.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a mature coconut shell powder-based abrasive
cleaner on household surfaces in order to generate a new eco-friendly cleaning alternative for homes.

STUDY PROCEDURES

After signing the consent form, the participants will rate the surfaces. Each participant will obtain 4
scorecards for each treatment in each parameter. Then, they will receive study-provided surfaces to apply
the products on: 1 commercial product and 3 treatments of Mature Coconut Shell Powder-Based Abrasive
Cleaner on a Steel Cookware, Wooden Table, Ceramic, Tile, and Glass. Afterward, the participants will
rinse the surfaces with water sourced from their own household. Finally, they will observe the surfaces and
rate them based on the descriptors in the scorecard.

The amount of time required of participants per session is around 10-15 minutes.

RISKS

There is a risk of allergic reactions among the participants if the following ingredients trigger their reaction
upon skin contact: Coco Glucoside, Coconut Shell, White Vinegar, and Baking Soda. Apart from this, no
other risks have been identified for the process.

You may decline to answer any or all questions and you may terminate your involvement at any time if you
choose.

BENEFITS

There will be no direct benefit to you for your participation in this study. However, we hope that the
information obtained from this study may add to the body of knowledge in the field of eco-conscious
cleaning practices and alternative applications of coconut waste. Moreover, future researchers and the
community will be able to refer to this study to devise initiatives, such as policies, businesses, research, and
other innovations.
CONFIDENTIALITY.

Please do not write any identifying information on your survey form. For the purposes of this research
study, your rating response will not be anonymous. Every effort will be made by the researcher to preserve
your confidentiality including the following:

● Assigning code names for participants that will be used on all research notes and documents

● Keeping notes, survey transcriptions, and any other identifying participant information in a locked
file cabinet in the personal possession of the researcher.

Participant data will be kept confidential except in cases where the researcher is legally obligated to report
specific incidents. These incidents include, but may not be limited to, incidents of abuse and suicide risk.

CONTACT INFORMATION

This study is already approved and accepted by the researcher’s panelists of ACLC College of Ormoc. If
you have any questions at any time about the study, or if you experience any non-normative sensations as a
result of participation, you may contact the researcher Ken S. Jose at (0956)-382-5923 or at
kenjose000@gmail.com.

CONSENT

I have read and understand the provided information and have had the opportunity to ask questions. I
understand that my participation is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw at any time, without giving a
reason and without cost. I understand that I will be given a copy of this consent form. I voluntarily agree to
take part in this study.

Participant's Name __________________________________ Date __________

Participant's signature _______________________________ Date __________

Researcher’s Name _________________________________ Date __________

Researcher’s signature _______________________________ Date __________

 Scorecard - Hedonic Rating Scale

Treatment number………. Name …………………………………..

Stain Removal Efficiency: In front of you are 5 surfaces. Observe the surfaces and
tick how much the descriptors align with the outcome after applying the product.

Steel C. Tiles Ceramic Glass Wooden T.

1- Not Effective
Nonexistent
dirt removal; extreme
residue and oiliness
___ ___ ___
2- Less Effective ___ ___
Visible dirt; heavy oiliness
and product residue

3- Neutral
Minimal residue with ___ ___ ___
noticeable oiliness ___ ___
4- Effective
Surface is clean with barely
noticeable oiliness
___ ___ ___
5- Most Effective ___ ___
Surface is entirely clean; no
residue or oil; imparts shining
effect on surface

Scorecard - Hedonic Rating Scale

Treatment number………. Name …………………………………..

Surface Safety: In front of you are 5 surfaces. Observe the surfaces and tick how
much the descriptors align with the outcome after applying the product.

Steel C. Tiles Ceramic Glass Wooden T.

1- Severe
More than 12 scratch marks
Heavy color fading
___ ___ ___
2- Significant ___ ___
8-12 scratch marks
Visible color fading

3- Moderate
3-7 scratch marks ___ ___ ___
Barely noticeable color fading ___ ___
4- Minimal
1-2 scratch marks
No color fading
___ ___ ___
5- None ___ ___
No scratch marks
No color fading
 Scorecard - Hedonic Rating Scale

Treatment number………. Name …………………………………..

Cleaning Time: In front of you are 5 surfaces. Observe the surfaces and tick how
much the descriptors align with the outcome after applying the product.

Steel C. Tiles Ceramic Glass Wooden T.

1- Very Time-Consuming
4-5 minutes ___ ___ ___
2- Time-Consuming
___ ___
3-4 minutes

3- Moderate Time ___ ___ ___

2-3 minutes ___ ___
4- Quick
1-2 minutes
___ ___ ___
5- Very Quick
Less than 1 minute
___ ___

STUDY QUESTIONNAIRE

Please answer these questions by putting a tick ( ) in the appropriate box for each
question. Please answer all the questions on whether you are eligible as a participant.:

Q.1 Do you live with other people who you Yes

consider family?

No

Q.2 Are you between the ages of 18 to 59? Yes

No

Q.3 Do you do the majority of the housework Yes

around your household?

No
_______________________________________________________________________

Thank you for your help.

PLEASE RETURN THIS PAGE AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER FORM
COMPLETION
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Angel Faith L. Mahusay

Email Address : angelfaithmahusay14@gmail.com

Contact Number : 0927 310 9493

Place of Origin : Ormoc City

Educational Background

Senior High Level : ACLC College of Ormoc City, Inc

: Brgy. Cogon, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2023-2024

Junior High Level : Holy Infant College of Tacloban City

: Benigno Aquino St., Tacloban City

: S.Y. 2018-2022

Elementary Level : Holy Infant College of Tacloban City

: Benigno Aquino St., Tacloban City

 : S.Y. 2016-2018

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Ken S. Jose

Email Address : kenjose000@gmail.com

Contact Number : 0956 382 5923

Place of Origin : Ormoc City

Educational Background

Senior High Level : ACLC College of Ormoc City, Inc

: Brgy. Cogon, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2022 - 2024

Junior High Level : Linao National High School

: Brgy. Linao, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2018-2022

Elementary Level : Linao Central School

 : Brgy. Linao, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2016-2018

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Mateo Nino A. Teleron

Email Address : mateoteleron4@gmail.com

Contact Number : 0967 749 4334

Place of Origin : Ormoc City

Educational Background

Senior High Level : ACLC College of Ormoc City, Inc

: Brgy. Cogon, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2022-2024

Junior High Level : Jualian C. Gantuanco National High School

: Brgy. Manlilinao, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2018-2022
Elementary Level : Manlilinao Elementary School

: Brgy, Manlilinao, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2016-2018

CURRICULUM VITAE

2X2

Name : Clint Vhinz C. Batuto

Email Address : clintvhinzceniza@gmail.com

Contact Number : 0994 928 0615

Place of Origin : Ormoc City

Educational Background

Senior High Level : ACLC College of Ormoc City, Inc

: Brgy. Cogon, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2022-2024

Junior High Level : New Ormoc City National High School

: Brgy. Don Felipe Larrazabal, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2018-2022

Elementary Level : Lao Elementary School

: Brgy. Lao, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2016-2018
 CURRICULUM VITAE

2X2

Name : Ronald Gary C. Parrilla

Email Address : ronaldparrilla6@gmail.com

Contact Number : 0970 995 5534

Place of Origin : Ormoc City

Educational Background

Senior High Level : ACLC College of Ormoc City, Inc

: Brgy. Cogon, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2022-2024

Junior High Level : New Ormoc City National High School

: Brgy. Don Felipe Larrazabal, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2020-2022

Elementary Level : San Pablo Elementary School

: Brgy. San Pablo, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2008-2016
 CURRICULUM VITAE

2X2

Name : Jean Carille D. Boloy

Email Address : boloyjeancarille116@gmail.com

Contact Number : 0910 346 9240

Place of Origin : Ormoc City

Educational Background

Senior High Level : ACLC College of Ormoc City, Inc

: Brgy. Cogon, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2022-2024

Junior High Level : New Ormoc City National High School

: Brgy. Don Felipe Larrazabal, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2018-2022

Elementary Level : Nasunogan Elementary School

: Brgy. Nasunogan, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2016-2018
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Giandy S. Rubia

Email Address : giandyrubia9@gmail.com

Contact Number : 0910 148 0522

Place of Origin : Ormoc City

Educational Background

Senior High Level : ACLC College of Ormoc City, Inc

: Brgy. Cogon, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2022-2024

Junior High Level : Valencia National High School

: Brgy. Valencia, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2018-2022

Elementary Level : Valencia Elementary School

: Brgy. Valencia, Ormoc City

 : S.Y. 2012-2018

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Wil James D. Larracas

Email Address : wiljameslarracas@gmail.com

Contact Number : 0906 784 0966

Place of Origin : Capoocan, Leyte

Educational Background

Senior High Level : ACLC College of Ormoc City, Inc

: Brgy. Cogon, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2022-2024

Junior High Level : National Heroes Institute, Inc.

: Kananga, Leyte

: S.Y. 2018-2022

Elementary Level : Visares Elementary School

 : Brgy. Visares, Capoocan, Leyte

: S.Y. 2012-2018

CURRICULUM VITAE

2X2

Name : Clark Jules M. Yare

Email Address : yareclarkjules@gmail.com

Contact Number : 0963 284 7891

Place of Origin : Ormoc City

Educational Background

Senior High Level : ACLC College of Ormoc City, Inc

: Brgy. Cogon, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2022-2024

Junior High Level : Ormoc Se San School

: Brgy. Isidro, Ormoc City

: SY 2018-2022

Elementary Level : Ormoc City Central School

: Carlos Tan St., Ormoc City

: SY 2016-2018
 CURRICULUM VITAE

2X2

Name : Nixon Angel S. Enerez

Email Address : enereznixonangel@gmail.com

Contact Number : 0936 534 5460

Place of Origin : Kananga, Leyte

Educational Background

Senior High Level : ACLC College of Ormoc City, Inc

: Brgy. Cogon, Ormoc City

: S.Y. 2022-2024

Junior High Level : National Heroes Institute, Inc.

: Kananga, Leyte

: SY 2018-2022

Elementary Level : Hiluctogan Elementary School

: Hiluctogan, Kananga, Leyte

: SY 2012-2018