i

DEVELOPMENT AND ACCEPTABILITY OF RAIN-POWERED EMERGENCY

LIGHTS

A Quantitative Research
Presented to the Faculty of Rizal National Science High School
Binangonan, Rizal

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS, AND IMMERSION

Bautista, Ghian Carlo N.

Campo, Ellyza Marie S.
Comilang, Riza Loreine D.
Hirose, Asami P.
Jopio, Lanz Lawrence P.
Piñero, Jannah Edria M.
Velasco, Alvin Jacob J.

Grade 12-ARCHIMEDES

ROBERT JOHN D. DE LA CRUZ, M.A.T

Research Adviser

February 2020
 ii

APPROVAL SHEET

This research paper entitled Development and Acceptability of Rain-

Powered Emergency Lights prepared and submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for Practical Research II by Ghian Carlo Bautista, Ellyza Marie

Sarabia Campo, Riza Loreine Dacoycoy Comilang, Asami Palisoc Hirose, Lanz

Lawrence Porley Jopio, Jannah Edria Mempin Piñero, and Alvin Jacob Velasco

is hereby recommended for approval.

Date: ______________ ROBERT JOHN D. DELA CRUZ, M.A.T

Mentor

Approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements in Inquiries, Investigations,

and Immersion by the Oral Examination Committee.

CAMILLE M. RODRIGUEZA, M.A.T

Member

RHAY ALFONZO AGUILAR, ECE WILLIAM G. CELESTIAL, Ph. D.

Member Member
GLENN M. ISON, Ph. D.
Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Inquiries, Investigations,

and Immersion

__________________ EDNA H. VILLAMAYOR, M.A.Ed.

Date Principal III

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
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The researchers would like to extend their profound and sincerest gratitude to

all people who in some ways have contributed efforts and support to make this

endeavor a reality.

Above all to Almighty God, the sole provider of knowledge, wisdom, and

mercy for His protections throughout the duration of the whole study, our prayers of

thanks.

The researchers would also like to express their profound gratitude and deep

regard to their mentors in Practical Research II, Mrs. Raquel Pandialan and Mr.

Robert John Dela Cruz, for giving them enough time in making their research paper

works, for exemplary guidance, valuable feedback, and constant encouragement

throughout the duration of the project.

In addition, the researchers are thankful to the Binangonan Municipal Disaster

Risk and Reduction Management Office staff and members for being part of the

evaluation of this study, and to the authors and editors of the books, websites, and

research paper for providing them the sample information needed.

Moreover, the researchers are highly indebted and thoroughly grateful to their

consultants in giving them time and effort throughout the course of the study.

The researchers are also grateful for their friends and family in giving them

the motivation, time, and support.

DEDICATION
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We dedicate this research to our parents and teachers who are always there for us.

Their guidance and inspiration helped us get through this research.

Moreover, we devote this study to the young scientists, so that they may appreciate

the value of Science in their everyday lives and be inspired to contribute new

inventions and innovations to the society.

We also dedicate this research to our friends for their undying love and support. This

study will not be possible without them.

ABSTRACT
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Approximately 80 typhoons develop above tropical waters, 19 of them enter

the Philippine area of responsibility. This is the reason why the National Disaster
Risk Reduction Management Organization (NDRRMO) requires every barangay,
every establishment, and schools to have an evacuation plan in accordance to the
Republic Act 10121 otherwise known as the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010. Evacuation plan is a diagram that shows the safest
emergency exit routes from a home or an establishment. However, an evacuation
plan will be useless if people remain uneducated and uninformed about it.

On the other hand, students from Technological University of Mexico, made

use of rainwater from house rooftops that streams down onto their designed micro
turbine which then spins and generates electricity. (Coxworth, 2014) The
development of rain-powered emergency lights is somehow similar to this study
except that the study conducted by students from TUM used runoff water. This study
made use of rainwater to produce a mechanical energy which is then converted to
electricity through the use of DC motors to light up LED lights that point towards the
evacuation center. The electricity output of the device in terms of voltage was
recorded and the level of acceptability of the device was assessed and evaluated by
the Binangonan MDRRMO members.

Weighted mean was used to assess the level of acceptability of the device
and the results show that the null hypothesis is rejected and that there is a high level
of acceptability of the rain-powered emergency lights in terms of affordability,
practicality, and usefulness. Based on the summary of the findings, it is concluded
that rain-powered emergency lights can be utilized in various areas to bring
convenience in times of rain-related disasters.

Keywords: development, rain-powered, emergency lights

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii

DEDICATION iv

ABSTRACT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

Chapter

I INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 3
Significance of the Study 4
Scope and Delimitation of the Study 4

II REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL

FRAMEWORK

Related Literature 6
Conceptual Framework 11
Research Hypotheses 13
Definition of Terms 13

III METHODOLOGY

Research Design 15
The Sample 16
The Instruments 16
Intervention 18
Data Collection Procedure 19
Plan for Data Analysis 20

IV PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

21
 vii

Results and Discussion

V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions 23
Recommendations 23

BIBLIOGRAPHY 24

APPENDICES 27
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LIST OF TABLES

Table

1 Likert Scale and Range for Level of Acceptability 17

2 Electricity Output of Rain-Powered Emergency Lights in 21

Terms of Voltage

3 Level of Acceptability in Terms of Affordability, Practicality, 22

Usefulness, and Overall Acceptability

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

1 Conceptual Framework of the Rain-Powered 12

Emergency Lights
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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter of the paper presents the problem and its setting. It includes the

background of the study, the statement of the problem, significance of the study, and

scope and delimitation of the study.

Background of the Study

The Republic of the Philippines is a sovereign state located in Southeast Asia.

It consists of 7,641 islands spanning more than 300,000 square kilometers of

territory. Philippines is divided into three major islands namely Luzon, Visayas, and

Mindanao. (National Government Portal, n.d.) The Philippines is considered one of

the most disaster-prone countries in the world. It lies along the Pacific Typhoon Belt

and is within the Pacific Ring of Fire which makes the country vulnerable to a variety

of natural disasters.

In fact, 60% of the total land area of the country is exposed to multiple

hazards such as storms, typhoons, floods, droughts, as well as earthquakes and

volcanic eruptions. Cyclones and earthquakes are categorized as intensive risk,

while extensive risk which accounts for 2/3 of all losses in the Philippines, is mainly

associated with flash floods and droughts. (Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management in the Philippines, 2014) Approximately 80 typhoons develop above

tropical waters, 19 of them enter the Philippine area of responsibility. In fact, the

Philippines is said to be the country most exposed to tropical storms in the world.

Violent tropical storms like Haiyan typhoon (or locally known as Yolanda), can
 2

generate 10 times as much energy and destruction as the Hiroshima bomb.

(Wingard and Brandlin, 2013)

In accordance to the Republic Act 10121 otherwise known as the Philippine

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010, the National Disaster Risk

Reduction Management Organization (NDRRMO) requires every barangay, every

establishment, and schools to have an evacuation plan. Evacuation plan is a

diagram that shows the safest emergency exit routes from a home or an

establishment. It lays out how to exit a place safely during an emergency or disaster.

According to Stewart (2014), the impacts of natural disasters in developing countries

are often worse than those of first world countries since there are less security and

infrastructures to aid in responding to a crisis or disaster. Because of this, evacuation

plans are really essential in these countries since it require people to depart to a safe

place before the situation becomes too critical to leave easily.

Filipinos, despite having these evacuation plans, remain uneducated and

unprepared. They still decide to stay in their shelter during times of disaster and ride

the crisis out, or wait until the last possible minute to leave. But most of the times,

that is too late. Having an evacuation plan is not enough; it should always come with

the readiness and preparedness of people during a disaster. An evacuation plan will

be useless if people remain uneducated and uninformed about it.

On the other hand, students from Technological University of Mexico, made

use of rainwater from house rooftops that streams down onto their designed micro

turbine which then spins and generates electricity wherein runoff water passes

through a half-inch pipe of a two by ten inches generator. It then continues to flow

through a charcoal filter and storage tank. The prototype produces electricity stored
 3

in a 12-volt battery which is able to supply small household appliances such as light-

emitting diode (LED) lamps (Coxworth, 2014). The development of rain-powered

emergency lights is somehow similar to this study except for the fact that the study

conducted by students from TUM used runoff water.

With this, the researchers came up with this study of combining a means of

generating clean energy through rain and the lighting of evacuation plans to secure

and improve the safety of people, despite being unprepared, during a disaster

particularly, heavy rainfall.

Statement of the Problem

The focus of the study is to determine the level of acceptability of the

developed rain-powered emergency lights. Specifically, this study sought to answer

the following questions:

1. What is the estimated average electricity output of the device in terms of

voltage?

2. What is the level of acceptability of the device as evaluated by the

respondents in terms of:

2.1 affordability;

2.2 practicality; and

2.3 usefulness?
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Significance of the Study

This study has the potential to provide safety in times of disasters by using a

rain-powered emergency lights to light up the signage that points toward the

evacuation center. This decreases the vulnerability of the people in a community and

can lessen the number of casualties during rainstorms.

This device also promotes a clean way of generating renewable electricity

specifically, hydropower, which contributes a lot in decreasing the carbon footprint.

This is very beneficial not only for the community but for the environment as well.

The device can also be used and utilized by the Municipal Disaster Risk

Reduction Management Office (MDRRMO) to improve their Disaster Risk program

which aims “to protect communities by coordinating and integrating all activities

necessary to build, sustain and improve the capability to, prepare for, respond to,

and recover from threatened or actual natural disasters, acts of terrorism, or other

man-made disasters.” (MDRRMO, 2017)

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study aimed to develop rain-powered emergency lights and to assess its

level of acceptability as evaluated by the respondents which are members of the

MDRRMO Binangonan. The study was conducted within the locality of Binangonan,

Rizal during the S.Y. 2019 – 2020.

The concept of watermill was used to produce electricity that lit up the LED

lights pointing towards an evacuation center. It will allow people to easily determine

where to go during a disaster and rainstorm. However, this study was only limited to

a prototype and the device was not implemented to an actual place and actual
 5

people. To test the level of acceptability of rain-powered emergency lights, the

prototype was presented to selected members of MDRRMO Binangonan and a

survey questionnaire checklist made by the researchers was distributed to them to

assess and evaluate the level of acceptability of the device. The amount of electricity

produced by the device was also included in this study. On the other hand, the

device can only be used during rainstorms, tropical storms, and other disasters that

result to heavy rainfall and not during other disasters.

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter of the paper presents the review of related literature, the

conceptual framework, the research hypotheses, and the definition of terms.

Related Literature

Disaster Preparedness

Bethel and Burke (2011) conducted a study to determine the effect of disaster

preparedness in a state’s health status, disability status, and number of chronic

diseases. The use of the four most common emergency preparedness items (food,

water, flashlight, and radio), 3-day supply of medication, and the emergency

evacuation plan served as the dependent variables for this study. The researchers

obtained data from their Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)

survey. The results showed that the healthier respondents were more likely to have

the four preparedness items than their unhealthy counterparts, those with poor

health, disability, or chronic diseases. This study shows how disaster preparedness

affects the safety and health of people involved in a certain disaster.

Therefore, the development of rain-powered emergency lights directing to the

evacuation centers can be very beneficial to the society. Because despite the

seminars held on every barangays regarding disaster preparedness and readiness,

majority of residents still remain unprepared and not knowledgeable about the things

to do during a disaster; so, developing emergency lights powered by rain that lead to

the evacuation centers will help people know where to go during a disaster, thus,

reducing the number of casualties during a rainfall.

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Hydropower

Water can be utilized as means of generating electricity (also known as

hydropower) in different ways. Today, it is estimated that hydropower produce one

fifth of the entire world's electricity. In fact, in emerging economies, hydro is used to

generate one third of the electricity used. Most large hydro stations have dams but

thousands of small hydro stations have no dams - they are 'run of river' (watermills)

and make a minimal impact on the environment. Study shows that small-scale

hydropower is one of the most cost-effective and reliable energy technologies to be

considered for providing clean electricity generation. (The Volunteer Rangers, n.d.)

According to Getenet and Damtew (2019), the use of micro hydropower plants

is an ideal method of providing power for off-grid rural communities especially in

developing countries. Their study assesses the technical and socio economic aspect

of hydropower sites in Ethiopia for the development of micro hydro power plant. The

results of the assessment shows that, out of the 14 mill sites investigated, 12 of them

has the potential to generate power ranging from 5.52kw to 38.59kw with 80%

efficiency during the dry season. It has been observed that micro hydropower

generation would meet the energy demand of the villages at least 5km far from the

main grid.

On the other hand, many hydroelectric generating stations are constructed on

dams. Today, about 16 percent of the world's electricity is supplied by such

hydroelectric stations, the largest of which are in China, Brazil, Canada, the United

States and Russia. Once a dam has been built, there are no more costs associated

with power generation but there are some costs to the environment. One is that

water that comes from a dam has a reduced level of dissolved oxygen which affects
 8

the fish, plants, and wildlife that depend on water. Dams also alter the natural life

cycles of fish that live in the streams. (Deziel, 2020)

Small hydropower also has main advantages over wind, wave, and solar

power. It has a high efficiency and by far the best of all energy technologies. It is also

a long-lasting technology which lasts for approximately 50 years or more (The

Volunteer Rangers, n.d.). These are the reasons why the researchers chose this

source of power over others.

Hernandez et. al (2015) explained that hydroelectric power has a very

important role in the context of climate change and in reducing carbon dioxide

emissions. Yet, the focus of attention when it comes to renewable electricity is often

on solar power, wind power, and biomass, while hydroelectric resources are often

overlooked. Nevertheless, the exploitation of hydropower is a long-standing, well

proven, and reliable technology. The study also focused on the means of extracting

energy from water which includes the following methods: diverting some of the water

into an artificial channel (leat), providing some water storage to even out the flow and

head (mill-pond), using a machine to convert the energy in water into rotational

mechanical energy (watermill), and many more.

Concept of Watermill

The first use of watermills can be traced during the first century B.C. and

spread quite quickly across the world during the latter years. Watermills use the flow

of water to rotate a large waterwheel. A shaft connected to the wheel axle is then

used to transmit the power from the water through a system of gears and cogs to

work machinery, such as a millstone to grind corn, or to generate electricity. There

are various designs of waterwheel, depending on the water supply available,

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including undershot (water hits the wheel paddles at the bottom of the wheel),

breast-shot (water hits the wheel half way up) and overshot (water hits the wheel at

the top). Watermills are usually built beside streams or rivers to use them as a water

supply. These supplies were improved by the provision of mill races and weirs to

control water levels for watermills and help overcome the problems of different

seasonal water levels. (The Volunteer Rangers, n.d.)

Watermills are known for the concept of converting mechanical energy into

electric energy. A water wheel, which is the main component of traditional watermills,

converts the potential energy in a flowing stream of water into tangential kinetic

energy which generates rotational kinetic energy. So, to optimize the conversion of

energy, the angular velocity must be maximized. In doing so, the radius of rotation

must be minimized. This means that a water wheel should have a small radius to

ensure it spins fast enough to generate a net current. (Deziel, 2020)

Orij (2016) described different methods of generating electrical energy by

means of watermill. First method relates to a watermill device for use in flowing

water, such as river or tidal waves, which is designed such that it can be placed

under water to convert the force of flowing water into electrical energy. However, a

disadvantage of this application is that it often becomes an obstacle to shipping

industry and to fish as well. Second method discloses a watermill device having a

horizontal flow channel with an inlet opening, an outlet opening, and a blade wheel.

He described this method as more efficient in converting the power of flowing water

into electrical energy than the other known methods.

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Applications of Watermill

According to Eagle and Olding (n.d.), a watermill is an excellent choice for a

battery charger as it can supply up to 500W of power, which is conveniently the

maximum estimated power output of most traditional watermills. Aside from this, the

watermill battery charger is also affordable and simple. The technical, electrical

portion, and the alternator can also be repaired by any auto garage shop in the

country, so there is no need for assistance outside the country, and no need for a

major centralized repair center. All parts of the system come from locally available

and off the-shelf components.

Fang et. al (2018) provided a kind of watermill tidal-energy electric generator

set. Realizing it is low at sheet, clean, and environmental friendly. Utilization tide can

carry out power generation and can effectively reduce the use of other conventional

energy resources. This utility model has many advantages such as the device

requires small volume and less weight which avoids sediment siltation caused by

tidal waves. It also avoids water and corrosion, and lengthens the service life of the

device. The whole device is also of low cost, clean, and do not generate any

pollution and public hazards.

Luo et. al (2015) discloses a centrifugal watermill machine and relates it to the

mechanical manufacturing technology field. This centrifugal water grinding machine

comprises housing or cover plate which is connected with a rolling disc which serves

as the blade by the rotating shaft. The centrifugal force of the blade is generated by

the fixed mill and rotary grinding disc. There is no abrasive material and it pulverizes

inside the mill housing. Its crushing effect is also better compared to the commercial

grinding machine.
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Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study is based on Coomb’s System

Approach which consists of input, process, and output of the study.

The first column shows the input of the study. It consists of the (1) main

components of the device which are the DC motor, rain, watermill, and protoboard;

and (2) the respondents of the study: members of MDRRMO Binangonan.

The second column refers to the process which consists of the (1)

development of a prototype of the rain-powered emergency lights; (2) consultation of

the device; (3) making and validation of the questionnaire checklist; (4) presentation

of the prototype to the respondents which are the MDRRMO Binangonan members;

(5) evaluation of the level of acceptability of the device by the respondents; (6) data

gathering; and (7) analysis of data.

The third column presents the output of the study which is the prototype of the

rain-powered emergency lights, the electricity output, and the level of acceptability of

the device as evaluated by the respondents.

The lines connecting each column pointed by an arrow indicate the sequence

of the development of rain-powered emergency lights while the weaknesses that can

be found in the study can be strengthened based on the feedback represented by

the arrows directing to the input and process thus determining the acceptability of the

rain-powered emergency lights.

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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Main 1. Development 1. Developed
components of a prototype of
of the device: prototype of the rain-
DC motor, the rain- powered
rain, watermill, powered emergency
and emergency lights
protoboard; lights 2. Acceptability of
2. The 2. Consultation the device as
respondents of the device evaluated by
of the study: 3. Making and the
members of validation of respondents.
MDRRMO the
Binangonan. questionnaire
checklist
4. Presentation
of the
prototype to
the
respondents
5. Evaluation of
the level of
acceptability
of the device
by the
respondents
6. Data
gathering
7. Analysis of
data

FEEDBACK

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Rain-Powered Emergency Lights

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Research Hypotheses

Ha: There is a high level of acceptability of the developed rain-powered emergency

lights.

Ho: There is a low level of acceptability of the developed rain-powered emergency

lights.

Definition of Terms

Conceptual Definition

Foam board - is a lightweight and easily cut material used for mounting of

photographic prints, as backing for picture framing, for making scale models, and in

painting

Hydropower or hydroelectricity - refers to the conversion of energy from flowing

water into electricity. It is considered a renewable energy source because the water

cycle is constantly renewed by the sun

Micro turbines - a relatively new distributed generation technology being used for

stationary energy generation applications, a type of combustion turbine that

produces both heat and electricity on a relatively small scale 

Operational Definition

Acceptability - the quality of being tolerated or allowed

Affordability - the extent to which something is affordable, as measured by its cost

relative to the amount that the purchaser is able to pay.

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Effectiveness - the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired

result; success

Practicality - the quality of being successful and efficient in real life circumstances

Usefulness - being able to use for a practical purpose or in bringing convenience to

people
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Chapter 3

EVALUATION DESIGN AND FRAMEWORK

This chapter includes the research design, the sample, the instruments, the

intervention, the data collection procedure, and the plan for data analysis.

Research Design

This study aimed to determine the level of acceptability of the rain-powered

emergency lights by conducting a survey to the MDRRMO members. The study

followed the guidelines of quantitative research design, specifically survey-

descriptive design and post-test only control group experimental design. It was

effectively tested through statistical conclusion, wherein numbers give more meaning

in treating and in the interpretation of data.

According to Salaria, N. (2012), survey-descriptive research is devoted to the

gathering of information through survey questionnaire or survey checklist about

prevailing conditions or situations for the purpose of description and interpretation.

This type of research method is not simply about collecting and tabulating facts but

includes proper analyses, interpretation, comparisons, identification of trends and

relationships. On the other hand, post-test only control group experimental design is

a research design in which a group is examined on a post-test measure only since it

is assumed that the respondents are already knowledgeable about the topic.

This study used the post-test only control group experimental design in terms

of presenting the prototype of rain-powered emergency lights or the intervention to

the MDRRMO members. It was then assessed by the respondents through the use

of survey-descriptive design which was also utilized in this study to determine the

level of acceptability of the rain-powered emergency lights.

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The research designs were chosen based on a range of factors including the

feasibility, time, methodology, and the factors the researchers want to test. The

design of this study is critical for the validity of results. Therefore, enumerated

designs were used to determine the overall effectiveness and validity of the

development of rain-powered emergency lights.

The Sample

This study used 30 respondents from the Binangonan MDRRMO to answer

the questionnaire checklist which aims to assess the level of acceptability of the rain-

powered emergency lights. The sample size was determined using 5% margin of

error to maximize the validity and accuracy of the results. The sampling technique

used in this study is the purposive sampling which is based on the suitability and

availability of the respondents. 

The Instruments

This study used two (2) research instruments in collecting the data needed:

the voltmeter and the survey questionnaire-checklist. Voltmeter was used to collect

and determine the electricity output of the device in terms of voltage. Survey

questionnaire-checklist, on the other hand, was made by the researchers and was

validated by English and Research experts, as well as Statisticians. It was used to

determine the level of acceptability of the device as evaluated by the respondents

which are the Binangonan MDRRMO members.

The questionnaire-checklist is composed of two (2) parts: the personal

information of the respondents and the checklist. The personal information served as

the proof that the data collected were not fabricated or manipulated. The next part
 17

which is the checklist served as the main part of the questionnaire and its main goal

is to collect quantitative data that was treated statistically to provide answers to the

research questions. The questionnaire regarding the level of acceptability of the

device is sorted into three categories – those relating to affordability, practicality, and

usefulness. Likert Scale was also used to assess the level of acceptability in each

category and weighted mean will be performed to determine the result for each

category.
Table 1. Likert Scale and Range for Level of Acceptability

Scale
Range Verbal Interpretation

5 4.20-5.00 Extremely Acceptable

4 3.40-4.19 Highly Acceptable

3 2.60-3.39 Acceptable

2 1.80-2.59 Slightly Acceptable

1 1.00-1.79 Not Acceptable

The questions relating to affordability were asked to the respondents to obtain

their opinion regarding the cost of the device and if it is affordable enough to mitigate

and develop the device to a certain place. The questions relating to practicality were

asked to the respondents to obtain their perception on how convenient and what

convenience the device can contribute to a place in times of rainstorm. It is somehow

related to affordability as it also asks whether the device is cost-efficient. The

questions relating to usefulness were asked to the respondents about the disasters

and accidents related to rainstorm, and whether the device can help reduce or

diminish the effects and occurrence of these disasters. It is related to affordability

 18

and practicality as it also asks them on how much they think the device can benefit

them in terms of safety and cost.

Intervention

This study is all about the development of rain-powered emergency lights.

The device prototype consists of seven parts: the foam board, mechanical gears,

steel rod or shaft, 6V DC motor, protoboard, acrylic casing, and funnel. These parts

aim to produce electricity out of water to light up the LED lights directing to the

evacuation center. Foam board served as the main component and part for the

watermill. On the other hand, mechanical gears was used to maximize the rotation

and torque that helped increase the output generated; steel rod or shaft served as

the connection of the watermill and the mechanical gears; 6V DC motors converted

the mechanical energy output to electrical energy; protoboard showed the symbol

that will point to the evacuation center; acrylic casing protected the main device for

security purposes, and the funnel functioned as a collector to gather fixed volume of

water.

Figure 2. Blueprint of the Rain-Powered Emergency Lights

 19

Figure 3. Schematic Diagram of the Rain-Powered Emergency Lights

The researchers consulted an electrical engineer beforehand to assess the

device. Then, the electricity output of the device in terms of voltage was measured

using a voltmeter in five (5) different trials and it was presented to the MDRRMO

members who served as the respondents to assess the level of acceptability of the

device, as they are the best candidates and most knowledgeable when it comes to

disaster related topics.

Data Collection Procedure

In collecting the data needed in this study, the research instruments needed

were identified and gathered. This study used two research instruments: the

voltmeter and the survey questionnaire-checklist. The checklist was made by the

researchers and was validated by Research experts and English teachers. Then, a

permission to conduct the study outside the school and a permission to collect data

from the respondents were signed. The finished and consulted prototype was then

presented to the Binangonan MDRRMO members and the questionnaires were

distributed to the selected respondents. The data collected through the checklist
 20

were statistically treated to assess the level of acceptability of the device in terms of

affordability, practicality, and usefulness. On the other hand, the voltmeter was used

to determine the electricity output of the device.

Plan for Data Analysis

To determine the electricity output of the rain-powered emergency lights, the

device was tested five (5) times and weighted mean was used to get the average

electricity output of the device. Weighted mean was also used to get the level of

acceptability of the device in terms of affordability, practicality, and usefulness, as

well as the overall acceptability of the device. Weighted mean, also referred to as

average, is the most common statistic used to measure the center of a numerical

data set.
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Chapter 4

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter includes the findings and the analysis and discussion of data.

Table 2. Electricity Output of Rain-Powered Emergency Lights in Terms of

Voltage
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Weighted Mean

8.4V 9.7V 8.6V 10V 8.7V 9.08V

Table 2 represents the electricity output of the prototype of rain-powered

emergency lights in terms of voltage. It shows five different trials and their

corresponding voltage output. The table also includes the weighted mean or the

average voltage output of the device. Trial 1 has an output of 8.4V, trial 2 has 9.7V,

trial 3 has 8.6V, trial 4 has 10V, and trial 5 has 8.7V. On the other hand, the

computed average electricity output of the prototype is 9.08V.

This means that the estimated average electricity output of the prototype of

rain-powered emergency lights is 9.08V and the maximum voltage output of the

device is 10V which is enough to power any kind or color of LED lights. (Wilkins,

2020)
 22

Table 3. Level of Acceptability in Terms of Affordability, Practicality, Usefulness,

and Overall Acceptability
Weighted Mean Verbal Interpretation

Affordability 4.07 Highly Acceptable

Practicality 4.04 Highly Acceptable

Usefulness 4.48 Extremely Acceptable

Overall Acceptability 4.20 Extremely Acceptable

Table 3 shows the computed weighted mean and the corresponding verbal

interpretation according to the Likert scale for the level of acceptability of rain-

powered emergency lights. The level of acceptability in terms of affordability got a

weighted mean of 4.07; the level of acceptability in terms of practicality got a

weighted mean of 4.04; and the level of acceptability in terms of usefulness got the

highest weighted mean of 4.48. On the other hand, the overall acceptability of the

device got a weighted mean of 4.20.

This means that the null hypothesis is rejected and there is a high level of

acceptability of the rain-powered emergency lights. In terms of affordability and

practicality, the rain-powered emergency light is highly acceptable, and in terms of

usefulness and overall acceptability, the device is extremely acceptable as evaluated

by the respondents. The results showed that in terms of affordability, the total cost of

the device is affordable enough to be implemented in various areas; in terms of

practicality, the device can be used for a long period of time and the device and its

components are cost-efficient; and in terms of usefulness, the device can bring

convenience and can be useful in times of rain-related disasters.

Chapter 5
 23

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the conclusions and recommendations of the study.

Conclusions

Based on the summary of the findings, the following conclusions were

obtained: the rain-powered emergency lights generate electricity which is efficient

enough to power different LED lights; and the development of rain-powered

emergency lights is extremely acceptable and can be utilized in various areas.

Based on the data gathered, the level of acceptability in terms of affordability and

practicality is highly acceptable, and the level of acceptability in terms of usefulness

is extremely acceptable.

Recommendations

Based on the summary of the findings and the conclusions drawn from the

study, the following are hereby recommended:

1. Include a battery to the device

2. Use other materials for the components; aluminum for the casing of the

device, 12V DC motor, and aluminum for waterwheel.

3. Replace the red LED lights of different colors of LED lights: yellow,

orange, and red to alarm the community based on the intensity of rain

4. Include a buzzer to remind the community when it is time to evacuate

5. Add an LDR light sensor so that the lights will only be powered during

nighttime or when it is dark

 24

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A
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APPENDIX B
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INTEL ISEF FORMS

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