DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST PLASTIC FILTRATION SYSTEM WITH

FILTER MEDIA

A Capstone Project Presented to the

Faculty of Civil Engineering Department of

Garcia College of Technology

Kalibo, Aklan

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

QUEENCIE R. RAMOS

JUSTINE BRIAN T. BALTAZAR

IAN KYLE B. MALBAS

ALEP G. PANAGSAGAN

JAN JAERYL R. TEMPLONUEVO

JERMAIN S. ZARADULLA

June 2022
 ABSTRACT

A home built low-cost filtration systems plays a vital role

in ever-changing way to filter water. Filtration of water is
beneficial especially on ponds where the water is stagnant.
Aquaculuturist needs to understand that organism that
thrives in water requires it to be clean in order for them
to survive. Furthermore, aquaculturist who understand the
concept of filtration are capable in keeping organisms like
fishes alive in a large population and producing high
quality output out of them. This research intended to help
on constructing an alternative filtration system that can be
economical and helpful to our fellows who are in line of the
said profession. The low-cost plastic filtration system with
filter media was tested for its performance and the
functionality of materials used. It was also tested for its
coliform count (MPN) which appears that the bacteria present
in the filtered water has lessen up to 350,000 MPN. Another
test was made to compare the cloudiness of the water before
and after filtration using the Secchi Disk method where it
showed the improvement in the visibility of the unfiltered
water from 6cm up to 16cm.

i
 APPROVAL SHEET
This Capstone project entitled "DEVELOPMENT OF LOW-COST
PLASTIC FILTRATION SYSTEM WITH FILTER MEDIA", prepared and
submitted by QUEENCIE R. RAMOS, JUSTINE BRIAN T. BALTAZAR,
IAN KYLE B. MALBAS, ALEP G. PANAGSAGAN, JAN JAERYL R.
TEMPLONUEVO, and JERMAIN S. ZARADULLA, in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING has been reviewed and
accepted for an oral examination.

JOSEFINA R. DAGOHOY, MEng'g.

Capstone Project Instructor/Adviser

Approved by the Researcher Committee on Oral

Examination on June 11, 2022.

ENGR.FLOR DEXTER M. PADABOC, MEng'g, CE

Chairman

ENGR.CALVIN LEIGH D. DALIDA,CE ENGR.LEONECHEZ R. TOLEDO,CE

Member Member

ENGR.JOHN FLORENCIO D. ARCEO,CE

Member
Approved and accepted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING.

ARNULFO Q. DISTOR, JR., Ph. D-BM

President/Dean
ii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First and foremost, the researchers would like to

express their sincere thanks and gratitude to the following

individuals who helped and supported them on conducting this

study for without them this study would not be possible.

To the God Almighty for the wisdom, blessings, and

guidance all throughout their work to complete the research

successfully.

Furthermore, the researchers would like to extend their

gratitude to their Research Adviser, Engineer Josefina R.

Dagohoy for the guidance, pieces of advice, tips and

knowledge shared to correct their work for a better result.

They are very grateful to her for giving them sense of

direction to finish this project.

Beside their Adviser, the researchers would like to

thank the rest of the Thesis Committee, Engr. Flor Dexter M.

Padaboc, Engr., Calvin Leigh D. Dalida, and Engr. Leonechez

R. Toledo for their encouragement, insightful comments and

questions.

To their Language Editor, Dr. Lyndon T. Custodio for

checking the whole paper for grammatical and language error.

It really helps them in producing a good research paper.

iii
 The researchers would also like to express their gratitude
to Engr. Dwyt N. Ramos, for his assistance with their
capstone project. His thoughts and pieces of advice enhanced
the design and construct properly the canister filter box
that it runs smoothly and effectively.

Lastly, they would like to thank their families and

friends for their support either be financial, emotional and
spiritual support throughout this research paper. Without
them, none of this would be possible.

The Researchers

iv
 Table of Contents

Chapter Page

1 INTRODUCTION 1
Background of Study 1
Statement of the Problem
4 Objectives of the study
5
Hypothesis 5
Theoretical Framework 6
Conceptual Framework 8
Definition of Terms 10
Significance of the Study 12
Scope and Delimitation of the Study 13

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 15

Contribution of Improvised Canister
Trickle filter in Aquaculture and Agriculture 15
Evaluation of Potential Use of Charcoal as a
Filter Material in Water Filtration 16
The Usage of Filter Media 17
Comparison of Canister Trickle Filter versus
Acrylic Trickle Filter 18
Contamination of Coliform Bacteria in Water
and Fishery Resources in Manila Bay
Aquaculture Farms 20
Synthesis 21

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 23
Research Design 23
Materials Used for the Prototype 24

v
 Procedures for the Prototype 26
Cost Estimate of Materials 41
Research Instrument 42
Data Gathering Procedures 43
Design of the Filtration System 43
Total Coliform Count (TCT) 43
Turbidity Test 46

4 RESEARCH RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 48

Descriptive Analysis 48
Design of the Filtration System 48
Coliform Count Test (MPN) 49
Turbidity Test Using Secchi Disk Method 52

5 SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 57

Summary 57
Findings 58
Conclusions 59
Recommendations 60

REFERENCES 62

APPEDIXES 66

vi
 List of Tables

Table Title Page

1 Cost Estimate of Materials 41

2 Coliform Count (MPN) Test 51

2.1 Turbidity Test Using Secchi Disk Method 55

vii
 List of Figures

Figure Title Page

1 Theoretical Framework 6

2 Conceptual Framework 9

2.1 Conceptual framework

showing the relationship of

the Input, Process, and the

Output of the project 10

viii
 List of Appendixes

Appendix Title Page

A Materials for the Low-Cost

Plastic Filtration

System with Filter Media 66

B Documentation 69

C Results for the Total

Coliform Count (MPN) 74

Turbidity Test 77

D Curriculum Vitae 78

ix
 Chapter 1

Introduction

This chapter presents the Background of the Study,

Theoretical Framework, Statement of the Problem, Objective

of the Study, Hypothesis, Theoretical and Conceptual

Framework, Definition of Terms, Significance of the Study,

and Scope and Delimitation of the Study.

Background of the Study

Water purification system for domestic use have drawn

significant attention over the past few years. This can be

related to the improvement of public health and concern for

water contamination.

In this research, Low Cost Filtration System with

Filter Media is studied as an alternative to commercial

filtration system. Filtration is one of the most effective

yet simplest water treatment processes. Several point-of-use

filtration systems were selected as possible system to be

used. Low Cost Filtration Systems with filter Media is

studied for their performance levels as well as for the

economic feasibility and social acceptability. Their

performance levels were determined by the removal efficiency

in terms of turbidity and microbiological parameters.

1
 In a current modern-day engineering challenged to find

several ways to make water filtration system using recycled

plastic materials. The filter media such as gravel and sand,

charcoal, filter wool, scrap electrical flexible pvc pipe,

aquatic plants and old net that will be placed inside the

filtration box that is being compared to a ready-made

acrylic filter that sell in the market.

The filtration process of the three chambers of the

filtration box, it aids the water in our aquarium and cement

pond that prevents contamination, ammonia burn, dropsy,

fungus and other harmful contaminants. A good filtration

system plays a significant role in the maintenance of

freshwater pond. Having a filtration system in ponds or

aquariums will give a high success rate to the grooming

process that can benefit the fish to grow healthy.

Dual-media filtration uses two layers, a top one of

anthracite and a bottom one of sand, to remove the residual

biological floe contained in settled, secondary-treated

wastewater effluents and residual chemical-biological floe

after alum, iron, or lime precipitation in potable water

treatment plants. It is also used for tertiary or

independent physical-chemical waste treatment in the United

States and other countries. Gravity filters operate by using

either the available head from the previous treatment unit

2
or the head developed by pumping the feed water to a flow

cell above the filter cells. A filter unit consists of an

open watertight basin; filter media; structures to support

the media; distribution and collection devices for influent,

effluent, and backwash water flows; supplemental cleaning

devices; and the necessary controls to sequence water flows,

levels, and backwashing.(Edward J. Martin, Handbook for

Appropriate Water and Wastewater Technology for Latin

America and the Caribbean, Washington, D.C., PAHO and IDB,

1988.)

The current trend regarding the development and

implementation of novel strategies for decontamination of

polluted water became an important aspect of modern

community. Given the current drawbacks of conventional

technologies involved in the removal of water contaminants

and the impressive potential of nanotechnology-based

processes, promising unconventional approaches have been

successfully developed. Moreover, the attention has been

straightened towards eco-friendly novel technologies; either

we are considering the beneficial role of microscopic

organisms or the ecological aspects of such strategies. The

aim of this chapter is to emphasize the impressive potential

of both non-pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms in

3
water self-purification and water purification. (Alexandru

Mihai Grumezescu, 2017)

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128043004/water-

purification)

And lastly, there are few studies have examined low-

cost methods for increasing recycling. In particular,

placing recycling bins closer to the point of consumption

greatly changed recycling behavior (Brothers, Krantz, &

McClannahan, 1994; Ludwig, Gray, & Rowell, 1998). Although

results of this research suggest that simply changing the

location of recycling containers can be highly effective,

the studies are limited in several respects. Most important,

the experimenters often failed to control for the number of

recycling receptacles available across conditions and paired

the interventions with signs or memos to prompt use of the

recycling containers (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic

les/PMC2998261/).

Statement of the Problem

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following

questions:

4
 1. What is the level of acceptability of the Development

of Low-cost Plastic Filtration System with Filter Media

in terms of:

a. Design; and
b. Cost Value
2. What is the level of acceptability of the Development

of Low-cost Plastic Filtration System with Filter Media

in terms of minimizing:

a. turbidity of water; and

b. coliform level?

Objectives of the Study

The purpose of this study is to determine if an

alternative filtration system with low-cost, durable

materials can sustain the filtration capabilities. Together

with alternative filtration media, this study aimed to

develop a solution for maintaining water quality and

stability in the aquaculture and farm industry by lessening

the coliform count and turbidity in the water.

Hypothesis

The low-cost plastic filtration system with filter media

effectively reduces the total coliform count and the

cloudiness that was present from a stagnant water source.

5
 Theoretical Framework

Figure 1 Illustration: The purpose of filter and benefits of

filtration in aquaculture.

Filtration Media

 Filter Floss
 Filter Sponge
 Media Rings/Bio
Balls
 Activated Carbon

Unfiltered water Purpose of Filter Media

 Bacteria
 Cleans the Water
 Coliform
Debris
 Debris
 Removes Toxic Build
 Waste Up of Ammonia and
 Ammonia Nitrates
 Breaks Down Fish
Waste
Benefits of Filtration in
Aquaculture

 Keeps the Water Clear

 Good Water Quality
 Keep the Fishes from
Diseases
 Aerates the Water for
Fish to Breath.

6
 Based on the articles “Beginner’s Guide to Aquarium

Filters and Type of Filtration”, “Why you need and Aquarium

Filter”, and “Aquarium Filtration Basics” the illustration

shows the use of filtration system with where unfiltered

water used will be strained with filtration media such as

filter floss, filter sponge, media rings/bio balls and

activated carbon. The filtration media is used for the

purpose of cleaning water from debris, removes toxic buildup

of ammonia and nitrates, and to aerates the water in order

for the fishes to breathe. These benefits the aquaculture as

it keeps the water clean and have a good quality, it also

breaks down fish wastes that keeps the fishes from getting

diseases.

According to the Minenesota Pollution Control Agency,

turbidity is a measurement of the cloudiness or murkiness of

the water. When a turbid medium is illuminated by a beam of

light, each particle acts as a secondary source of light.

The resultant intensity of the light thus dispersed by the

particles in any given direction can be obtained only as the

result of an exceedingly complicated calculation, depending

on the number, size, shape, and distribution of the

particles (Wells,1919). These particles suspended or

dissolved in water can harm fishes and other aquatic life by

7
reducing food supplies, degrading spawning beds, and

affecting gill function.

In the theory presented in the study “Wastewater

treatment technology” by Armistead et al., a trickling

filter consists of a bed of media material such as rock or

tile, designed to provide a large surface area to which

micro-organism can adhere. The process used is conversion of

non-settleable substance (finely divided colloidal and

dissolve solids) into settleable sludge. The organic

material present in wastewater is eaten by an enormous

population of micro-organism attached to the filter media.

It has been estimated that there are as many as 550,000,000

bacteria in one gram of biological film. As waste water

splashes over the media, organic material from the

wastewater is absorbed onto the biological film.

Conceptual Framework

The figures below show the Input, Process, Output (IPO)

Chart of the Development of Low-Cost Filtration System with

Filter Media.

Figure 2. Conceptual framework showing the relationship

of the Input, Process, and the Output of the project.

8
 Process

Input *Using recyclable materials Output

 Material like garbage bins, scrap
PVC pipes, strainers and Development
Selection
other alternative filter of Low-cost
Inpu Plastic
media that can be seen
 Customiza Filtration
around us can make 3
tion of System with
chambers of canister filter
design box. Filter Media

 Material *The waste water coming

Testing from the irrigation, cement
ponds or aquariums will be
pump to fill up the first
chamber that contains
filter wool, old net and
used foams as filter media.
*The filtered waste water
will move through the
second chamber with gravel
and sand that will be
strained again. The water
will pass through the third
chamber that contains
another filter media as
follows: scrap electrical
flexible PVC pipes,
charcoal and aquatic plant
pebbles which will make the
water clean and clear.
Also, the water that has
been filtered with the used
9
of 3 chambers were treated
and able to improve the
health the quality of life
of the fish.
 Figure No. 2.1 Conceptual framework showing the

relationship of the Input, Process, and the Output of the

project.

Input Process Output

*Laboratory
Testing to
 Total compare the Development
Coliform coliform count of Low-cost
Count of the water Plastic
Filtration
 Turbidity *Do a turbidity System with
Test test to compare Filter Media
the appearance
of the sample
water

Definition of Terms

For the purpose of clarity, the following terms were

given conceptual and operational definitions:

Coliform - Coliform bacteria are organisms that are present

in the environment and in the feces of all warm-blooded

animals and humans. Coliform bacteria will not likely cause

illness.(https://doh.wa.gov/community-and-environment/drink

ingwater/contaminants/coliform#:~:text=Coliform%20bacteria

%20are%20organisms%20that,be%20in%20the%20water%20system.)
10
 In this study, "Coliform" is referred to bacteria that

are indicators that there are disease-causing organisms that

are existing in the water system.

Filter media means the finely graded material that entraps

suspended particles (Retrieved from lawinsider.com on

February 6, 2022).

In this study, "filter media" referred to the objects

that prevent the particles and the good bacteria from

passing through to the filtration system. This type of

filter media is located on the last chamber.

Turbidity - Turbidity measures the cloudiness/haziness of a

fluid. It is a key test for water quality, turbidity is

caused by particles of varying size scattering/absorbing the

light and creating a cloudy appearance. The turbidity of a

sample will increase with the amount of undissolved solids

present. (https://camblab.info/how-can-i-measuretur bidity/)

In this study, "turbidity" refers to the murkiness of

water where it is one of the factors to know if the water is

clean and safe. Turbidity in water may cause harmful effect

to the aquatic organism that is why it is needed to be

reduced to secure their health.

Water Filtration is the process of removing or reducing the

concentration of particulate matter, including suspended

particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, and fungi,

11
as well as other undesirable chemical and biological

contaminants from contaminated water to produce safe and

clean water for a specific purpose, such as drinking,

medical, and pharmaceutical applications (Mao, 2016).

In this study, "water filtration" referred to the

cleansing of water from small particles and bacteria that is

harmful to the aquatic organisms. This also provides

aeration on the artificial aquatic ecosystem simultaneously.

Water pump is a device to transport liquid from one place to

another (Retrieved from aip.scitation.org on February 6,

2022).

In this study, "water pump" referred to an electrical

machine that helps to raise the unfiltered water to the

chambers of the filtration system.

Significance of the Study

The results of this study are beneficial to the

following:

Fish Enthusiasts. This study provides information to

the owners of the cement and tarpaulin ponds on how they

could spend less on their filter boxes. The result of this

study will serve as motivation to help them improve their

tanks and also to impart knowledge using this study.

12
 Hatcheries. By this study, they can have a filtration

system for the aesthetic purposes of the place that could

still achieve an affordable and quality-wise effective water

filtration.

Farmers. This study will help agricultural laborers

facilitate their irrigation to make the water stable

affordably. It is mainly for those who focus on the

production and development of agricultural products.

Aquaculture Business. Is a business that focuses on

ensuring that various types of aquatic organisms were grown

in a controllable environment. In this study, the canister

filter can improve the water quality so that the fish will

be healthier.

Future Researchers. This study provides information

that they may need in improving their research. It also

serves as a basis in formulating and improving the recycled

canister filter for aquarium.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The research covers the acceptability of Low Cost

Trickle Filter System as an alternative to a high cost

Acrylic Trickle filter as a solution for the fish

enthusiasts, hatcheries, farmers, aquaculture business, and

future researchers. To test its performance, it will be

13
subject to two different tests. The first one is the

coliform count (MPN) test which will be conducted by Aklan

Environmental and Natural Resources Offices (AKENRO).

Another test would be the turbidity test using the Secchi

Disk method which would be a practical type of test.

The following limitations were identified by the

researchers:
 This research is focused to a single organization -
aquaculturists.
 The water sample used for the study is limited to
stagnant pond.
 Due to the limitations caused by COVID-19 pandemic and
time constraints, the low cost filtration system had
only receive an evaluation on its design and
performance.

14
 Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature

This chapter is a discussion of the literature,

articles and studies related to the project study conducted

by the researchers entitled “Development of Low-Cost Plastic

Filtration System with Filter Media”. By studying these, it

can help the researchers understand further the concepts of

filtration system, determining the use of trickling filter

and compare the various types of filters available in the

market.

Contribution of Improvised Canister Trickle filter in

Aquaculture and Agriculture

According to Haman and Zazueta (2021), the application

of little amounts of water on or below the soil's surface on

a regular basis is known as trickle irrigation. Water,

nutrients, and other compounds are delivered directly to the

plant's root zone via this sort of irrigation system. The

nutrient demand and increasing shortage of water in

irrigated areas are tightly related in terms of applied

quantities. Drops, tiny streams, or miniature sprays of

water are distributed using emitters installed along the

water distribution pipe. Drip, bubbler, and spray irrigation

are all examples of trickle irrigation.

15
Subsurface irrigation is a term used to describe a drip line

that is laid beneath the surface of the soil. In comparison

to other irrigation systems, trickle irrigation systems use

less energy to pump water since they run at low pressure

when properly maintained; they also conserve water and

nutrients due to their precise application. Citrus,

vegetables, and ornamental are the most common crops for

trickle irrigation in Florida.

In order to provide the needed modest flow rates,

trickle emitters use small orifices or long flow pathways

with small diameters. As a result, particle matter, organic

growth, or chemical precipitate from the irrigation water

might clog them. For trickle irrigation to be successful, it

must be filtered in a way that is both effective and

reliable.

Evaluation of Potential Use of Charcoal as a Filter Material

in Water Filtration

Awwal Musa, Sani Saleh et al. (2020) have stated that

the study focuses on the effectiveness of an improvised

charcoal filter on removing the contaminants in the water.

This filter has four layers, which is composed with

different size of charcoal in every layer that corresponds

to its filtration process. The water sample was taken from a

16
river with high concentrated of contaminants. The water

sample of physicochemical and bacteriological properties

were determined and analyzed before and after filtering the

water. Despite the fact that coliform bacteria were

identified in the sample before and after filtration, the

charcoal had very high turbidity removal efficiency after a

consecutive filtering cycle. It also showed high odor,

hardness, and chloride removal efficiencies. On the other

hand, the filtered sample had a high conductivity, which

might be connected to a charcoal's propensity to add

elements to the water.

The Usage of Filtration Media

According to the article of Badman's Tropical Fish

(February 6, 2021) entitled "The Importance of Filter

Media", Water is drawn by a pump and fed through the media,

whether the filter is powered by air or electricity. Two

substances are eliminated from our water throughout this

process. Physical detritus, such as food flakes, garbage,

and dead leaves, is one type. The second type of waste is

dissolved waste, which is mostly ammonium, which is the fish

equivalent of pee. Now, one thing to keep in mind is that if

the filter is moving slowly, it has likely accumulated too

much dirt and clogged. If the filter is clogged, the water

17
filtering will be severely hampered. Cleaning the media on a

monthly (at most) basis is required to combat this. This can

be accomplished by lightly rinsing it in aquarium water

only. The bacteria will be killed by tap water.

Filter media is classified into three types; in which

each of them perform a specific function. Mechanical

filtration, which removes solid wastes, is the first

category. This is usually in the form of a sponge, either

fine or coarse. Chemical filtration, on the other hand,

breaks down and neutralizes hazardous substances. This is

usually in the form of activated carbon or mineral rocks,

which are used to activate an agent that binds to ammonium

and breaks it down. The third type of filtration is

biological filtration, which helps microbes dissolve the

dangerous chemical waste. (Badman's Tropical Fish, 2021)

Comparison of Canister Trickle Filter versus Acrylic Trickle

Filter

Girard (2021), stated in his article "Canister Filter

VS Sump: Here Is What You Need To Know", the function of a

canister trickle filter is to turn polluted water into clean

water by the process of water passing through the lift tube

into the canister or external tube, where it is passed

through numerous filtration medias, such as chemical,

18
mechanical, and/or biological filtration. Once the water has

been filtered through the canister, it is returned to the

tank. Most canister filter models have water pumps built

into the lid or base, but some require an external pump.

Canister filters are a terrific tool for your tank if

utilized properly. Because you may customize the filter

material with a superior filter, you can choose which

filtration is best for your tank.

A sump trickle filter is not completely a filter; it is

merely a container for your filtering system of choice. If

the sump is submerged, a circulation pump must be installed

within the sump, if not, it must be plumbed adjacent to the

sump. You may either buy a sump system or make your own. The

sump is then filled with water, which is subsequently pushed

back into the sump. The pump will be able to operate

continuously if you do it this way. If there isn’t water

getting into the sump, the pump will need to be switched on

and off as the sump collects the water. (Girard, 2021)

Girard (2021) described sumps may appear to be a

complicated arrangement, but they actually offer your tank

with adequate water flow as well as a place to put all the

junk that typically clogs the tank's sides and bottom. A

hanging filter, a heater, a thermometer, pipes, cables, and

other items may be found on one side. You may put everything
19
in the sump box, which will help to clear your tank and give

your fish more swimming room. Sumps also maintain the

display tank's water levels steady and the surface of the

water clean of contaminates. It is the sump that gathers the

water if you have a plumbed system, which means there are

tubes and pipes going out of your tank that convey water to

filters and other equipment.

Contamination of Coliform Bacteria in Water and Fishery

Resources in Manila Bay Aquaculture Farms

Base in the study of Raña J. et al. (2017), Total

coliform levels recorded in September 2014 ranged from 49

MPN/100mL to 54,000 MPN/100mL, highest in Calero and

Tawiran, Eastern Bulacan and Sapang Kawayan, Pampanga; and

lowest in Camachile, Southern Bataan. Thirty four percent of

the samples collected in this month failed to meet DENR

Standard Limit for Total Coliform Concentration for Class SC

Water of 5, 000 MPN/100mL (DAO 34) broken down as follows:

4.55% in Eastern Bulacan, Western Bulacan, and Northern

Bataan; 13.64% in Cavite; and 6.82% in Pampanga.

November 2014 total coliform levels ranged from 6.8

MPN/100mL to 160, 000 MPN/100mL, the highest noted in San

Antonio, Pampanga and the lowest in Sta. Elena, Southern

Bataan. Sixteen percent of the samples collected in this

20
month exceeded the Standard Limit for Total Coliform: 2.27%

in Western Bulacan and Southern Bataan, 6.82% in Cavite, and

4.55% in Pampanga. Total coliform levels in this month were

relatively lower with 22.73% of the aquaculture farms within

the <1.8 – 100 MPN/100 mL range as compared to 9.09% of the

aquaculture farms within the same range for September 2014.

A majority of the results, 22.73%, were within 235 – 800

MPN/100mL.

Synthesis

The usage of the trickle filter in the filtration

system has various functions that can be useful for the

trickling filter to work properly, for it to perform its

purpose in the filtration system, and remove the pollutants

in the water by using different filtration media. Total

coliform counts provide a broad indicator of a water

supply's sanitary state, and it is critical to locate and

treat any pollution. Its importance is as essential in

reducing the turbidity of water. It is to effectively

disinfect any taste and odor that may harm aquatic life as

pathogens can be protected by turbidity, and the particles

that generate turbidity can host bacteria and viruses. The

studies and articles show that by initiative, waste and

pollution can be reduced in the system, aided with a proper

21
examination and further analysis, also by using the same

means. As a result, the filtered water will serve its

purpose for various uses like in the aquaculture business

and farm industry.

The studies and articles are significant for the

researcher’s study of the Development of a Low-cost Plastic

Filtration System with Filter Media. These will serve as a

basis and foundation for further research into the

comparison of canister filter media and acrylic trickle

filters, as well as the usage of filtration media in the

water filtration process to alleviate coliform and

turbidity, and provides results about the effectiveness of

the alternative filter media.

22
 Chapter 3

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the research method. It covers

research design, research instrument, and materials used,

its processes, its cost estimates, and data gathering

procedures.

Research Design

The study used experimental method in nature since the

results vary depending on the hypothesis tested. According

to Darci J. Harland (1857), a study that rigorously follows

a protocol is known as experimental research. It consists of

a hypothesis, a researcher-controllable variable, and

variables that may be measured, computed, and compared.

First and foremost, in a controlled setting, experimental

research is carried out. The researcher gathers information.

The hypothesis will be supported or rejected based on the

results. A research method is referred to as a deductive

research approach or hypothesis testing.

This study sought to analyze the perception of high-

cost filtration systems and find an alternative solution to

reduce the cost. The researchers conducted a series of

prototype construction and experiments to formulate the

final output and layering of the filtration system. After

23
the prototype construction and initial investigations, a

laboratory test was conducted to evaluate the filtration

system's effectiveness.

Materials Used

The Plastic Filtration System consists of the following

materials:

The submersible pump - is the most important part of this

filtration system, which is this pump pushes the water to

the surface. In that particular reason, the water inside the

pond will remain circulating.

The trash bin - will serve as the body of the of the

filtration system, which consist of 3 parts: the first bin

will make sure that the bigger particles will remain in the

bin. The second bin will hold the remaining particle that

passes through the first bin. The last bin will be the one

who will hold the bacteria.

PVC Pipes and elbow - are the one that will connect the bin

to one another and this is where the water flow that will be

filtered through the process. At a specific corner, the

elbow will be utilized to connect the pipe and the bin.

Strainers - are used for the separating the lager particles

which they are attached at the bottom of filtration box.

24
Faucets - serve as the clean out of the filtration system.

It releases the larger particle that trap inside the

strainer without taking out the filtration system.

Epoxy - is used to bind the PVC pipes, elbows, faucets and

trash bins together for the water in the filtration system

to not leak or spill.

The filter media is consists of the following:

Foam - It were used as the filtering material to trap

unwanted contaminants and particulates in the water. Foam

was made up of tiny interlocking cells that prevent the

passage of dirt particles and distribute these throughout

the entire volume of the foam.

Scrap electrical flexible PVC pipe – Its function is to keep

bacteria contained within the filtration system, which might

be beneficial to aquatic plants.

Aquatic plants - The bacteria in the filtration system are

absorbed and converted to nitrites. The role of nitrites is

to help nitrifying bacteria in the pond in order to break

down the ammonia.

Pebble rock and Sand - it is generally found that the

tighter the spaces in the filter, the slower the flow of

water. These small spaces cause tiny dirt particles to be

trapped in the filter media.

25
Old net - It will prevent the charcoal from dispersing

throughout the bin, as well as filtering some of the

particles

Charcoal – It adsorption binds impurities chemically on the

surface of the charcoal filter rather than physically

absorbing them. It also eliminates contaminants from water

without removing essential minerals.

Filter Wool – it is made from pure polyester that is non-

toxic and allergy free. It catches the last little particles

before water returns to the aquarium. It is most likely for

water polishing.

Procedures for the Prototype

The researchers will use reusable materials to build

the Low-cost Plastic Filtration System with Filter Media for

aquariums, cement, tarpaulin, and mud ponds. Following are

the steps in making the filtration system.

Step 1: Before you begin building the filtration system, you

must first gather the resources you will need. Three old

garbage bins, Pvc pipes, elbow pipes, epoxy, a submersible

pump, strainers, faucets, and different filter media are

required.

Step 2: Using a permanent marker pen, mark the upper part

of the bin where the pipe that connect the two garbage bins
26
and the other markings is for the faucet, which is located

in the lower back side of the bin. For the markings in the

strainers, flip the strainer then mark at the center of the

strainer and the other mark is in side of the strainer.

Step 3: Using a soldering iron, make the hole where you draw

the markings in the bins and strainers.

Step 4: Cut a three PVC pipe with the same length to each

other for the clean out and six PVC pipe for the main

connection. The length of the PVC pipe will depend to the

size of the bins.

Step 5: Put the strainer inside in each of garbage bin

container, and then align the holes of the bin and strainer,

then insert the PVC pipe in the hole of the bins and

strainer.

Step 6: Use the 90-degree elbow to connect two PVC pipe,

then connect it to the strainer and the other bin.

Step 7: Make sure that it fits perfectly and apply epoxy to

prevent any leakage.

Step 8: Place the various filter media in the appropriate

filter chambers. Insert the filter wool, and foam into the

first chamber; rocks and fine sand into the second chamber;

and aquatic plants, flexible pvc pipe, and pebble rocks into

the third chamber.

27
Step 9: Connect the submersible pump to the first chamber of

the filtration system.

Step 10: Then, switch on the submersible pump, and the water

cycle will begin, with the submersible pump siphoning the

water into the chamber.

28
Step 1

29
30
31
Step 2

32
Step 3

33
Step 4

Step 5

34
Step 6

Step 7

35
Step 8

36
37
38
39
Step 9

Step 10

40
 Material Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost
Garbage Bin 3 pcs. ₱ 120.00 ₱ 360.00
Submersible 1 pc. ₱ 700.00 ₱ 700.00
Pump
Plastic 3 pcs. ₱ 23.00 ₱ 69.00
Faucet
90 degrees 3 pcs. ₱ 80.00 ₱ 240.00
PVC Elbow
Strainers 3 pcs. ₱ 15.00 ₱ 45.00
PVC Pipe 1 pc. ₱ 400.00 ₱ 400.00
Epoxy (1/4 1 Set ₱ 110.00 ₱ 110.00
liters)
Filter Wool 1 Set ₱ 200.00 ₱ 200.00
Fine Sand 1 Bag ₱ 30.00 ₱ 30.00
Charcoal 2 Pack ₱ 30.00 ₱ 60.00
Garden Net 1 Meter ₱ 26.00 ₱ 26.00
Foam
Rocks
Aquatic
Plants
TOTAL COST ₱ 2240.00
Table 1. Cost Estimate of Materials

Table 1 shows the market price and the total amount of

over all expenses in making the alternative filtration

system with filter media.

In Table 1, materials like foam, rocks, and aquatic

plants were left blank to specify their availability outside

the market without being bought.

41
 Research Instrument

The main instruments used in this study are Total

Coliform Count (MPN) and Turbidity Test. In an effort to

perform the tests the researchers gave samples of filtered

water to the Aklan Environment and Natural Resources Office

(AKENRO) in order to evaluate if the water provided by the

filtered system would be sustainable for aquaculture.

Total Coliforms test are used as an indicator of the

cleanliness of a water source. Although total coliform

bacteria themselves do not necessarily cause harmful

illnesses, their presence indicates that water will likely

contain other more harmful pathogens which could cause

serious diseases. (Palintest.com, n.d)

Turbidity test measures the cloudiness/haziness of a

fluid. It is a key test for water quality, turbidity is

caused by particles of varying size scattering/absorbing the

light and creating a cloudy appearance. The turbidity of a

sample will increase with the amount of undissolved solids

present (Atkin, 2020)

Data Gathering Procedures

Design of the Filtration System

The functionality of the low-cost filtration system

cannot be tested, considering that it will take a long time

and several processes to determine if the filter media and

42
the model are doing their practical purpose. To satisfy the

study in terms of the functionality of the design, an

engineer knowledgeable in the water filtration system

evaluated the proposed system to determine if the model is

sturdy and functional. Despite the model's design being

acceptable, he suggested that the size of the canister for

every chamber should increase.

Total Coliform Count (TCT)

The procedure for Standard Total Coliform Fermentation

is divided into three (3) phases.

The First phase is called Presumptive Phase; in this

the tester used lauryl tryptose broth mixture. The tester

has to make sure that the test tube is sterilized first.

After that the fermentation tubes are arranged in the

test tube rack then the mixture of reagents and culture

medium specifically the lauryl tryptose broth is added to

the sample water. After thus the tubes will be incubated at

35 ± 0.5 °C after 24 ± 2 hours swirl each tubes and examine

for a reaction, if there is no reaction, the tube will be

re-examine after 48 ± 3 hours. If there is a yellow color in

the tube it signifies a positive presumptive reaction of

acidity growth. If it is confirmed to have a reaction it

would be forwarded to the second phase for more testing.

43
 The second phase is the confirmed phase, in this the

tube is immunize using brilliant green lactose bile broth.

To do this the tester would gently shake or rotate the

presumptive tubes and transfer the culture broth to the tube

using a sterile loop of 3.0 to 3.5 mm diameter. The tester

can also use wooden applicator stick to transfer the culture

broth; this is by inserting the stick to the culture broth

then plunge to the bottom of the presumptive tubes. Then the

tubes will be incubated at 35 ± ° 0.5 C for 24-48 hours. The

tester will estimate coliform density by calculating the

Most Probable Number (MPN) value of positive brilliant green

lactose bile broth. If the tubes are positive in dilutions

it would be forwarded to the last phase.

The last phase or Completed Phase is where the tester

verifies the presence of coliform bacteria and provides

quality control data. This uses aseptic technique wherein

each tube is streak with either LES Endo agar or MacConkey

agar. The tester will then perform either or the following

approach to obtain a high proportion of successful

isolations of present organism.

(a) Use a sterile 3-mm-diam loop or an inoculating needle

slightly curved at the tip; (b) tap and incline the

fermentation tube to avoid picking up any membrane or scum

on the needle; (c) insert the end of the loop or needle into
44
the liquid in the tube to a depth of approximately 0.5 cm;

(d) streak a plate for isolation with the curved section of

the needle in contact with the agar to avoid a scratched or

torn surface. Flame the loop between the second and third

quadrants to improve colony isolation. Incubate plates,

inverted, at 35 ± 0.5 °C for 24 ± 2 h.

Then the tubes will be incubated at 35 ± 0.5 °C for 24

± 2 hours. In span of 24 hours, if the tester used LES Endo

agar the colonies that are developed showed in the color of

pink to dark red with a green metallic surface sheen it

would be then define as "typical" but if it shows the color

pink, red, white, or colorless without sheen it would be

then define as "atypical". If the tester used MacConkey

agar, the colonies will have the color of red and may be

surrounded by an opaque zone of precipitated bile. The

tester will then pick one or more typical, well isolated

coliform colonies, or if there is no typical colonies, pick

two or more colonies considered most likely to be organisms

of the coliform group. Then transfer it to the lauryl

tryptose broth fermentation tube and onto a nutrient agar

slant, it is optional to use a magnifying device to provide

optimum magnification when colonies are picked from LES Endo

or MacConkey agar. Also make sure to barely touch the

surface of the colony and use a flame-sterilized, air-cooled

45
transfer needle to minimize the danger of transferring the

mixture. Incubate the lauryl tryptose broth with fermented

vial at 35 ± 0.5°C for 24-48 hours. Formation if gas in tube

within 48 ± 3 hours constitute a positive result for a

completed test demonstrating the presence of a member of a

coliform group.

Turbidity Test

For the test, the researchers used the Secchi Disk

Method, wherein a disk with alternate black and white

quadrants that is tied by a cord is submerged in a container

until it is no longer visible from the surface. There are

two prepared separate containers that contain unfiltered

water, and the other one is filtered water that is the

product of the filtration system. The Secchi Disk will be

placed slowly on the containers at a point where the

checkered pattern of the disk is no longer visible. This

procedure is done on both containers. After that, the depth

of the cord where it reaches the water surface will be

measured. The turbidity level of the water will be

determined by how much depth is the disk visible on the

container.

46
 Chapter 4

Research Results and Analysis

In this chapter presents the results and data analysis

of the Low-Cost Filtration System with Filter Media.

Descriptive Analysis

Design of the Filtration System

The model of the proposed filtration system was

presented and evaluated by Engr. Dwyt N. Ramos of KALAHI,

Aklan. According to him, the filtration system that was

demonstrated was functional and acceptable. The only

suggestion presented was the use of larger canisters so that

more of the filter media could be used and placed inside of

them. By increasing the number of filter media, the filter

system's run time can be extended, implying that a larger

canister is more efficient. This will also provide an

increase of the production of good quality water for the

ornamental fishes.

48
Coliform Count Test (MPN)

49
50
 Table 2 Coliform Count (MPN) Test

Water Sample (100ML)

TEST
Unfiltered Water Filtered Water from
from Stagnant Pond Stagnant Pond

Total Coliform
1,600,000 MPN 350,000 MPN
Count

Using Multiple tube Fermentation technique of the AKENRO

Testing Center

Table 2 shows the quantity of coliform bacteria in 100

ml water from the given two samples (The Unfiltered and

Filtered Water). The total amounts are shown respectively

for every sample. The sample from before has the highest

amount of coliforms of 1,600,000 MPN, which means that the

water is hazardous for aquatic organisms. Second sample

which is filtered water lessen its amount to 350,000 MPN

which means the system effectively lessen the amount of

coliform bacteria.

51
 Turbidity Test Using Secchi Disk Method

Unfiltered water using 1L of measurement of water

Before

Filtered water using 1L of measurement of water

After

52
Unfiltered water using 1.5L of measurement of water

Before

Filtered water using 1.5L of measurement of water

After

53
Unfiltered water using 2L of measurement of water

Before

Filtered water using 2L of measurement of water

After

54
 Table 2.1 Turbidity Test Using Secchi Disk Method

Turbidity of Turbidity of
Water Sample
Unfiltered Water Filtered Water from
(Volume)
from Stagnant Pond Stagnant Pond

1 L 6 cm 16 cm

1.5 L 6 cm 23 cm

2 L 6 cm 26 cm

Table 2.1 shows the result of turbidity test of

different water samples in separate containers in accordance

to their volume. One liter of unfiltered water sample from a

stagnant pond has cloudiness up to 6 cm and the same volume

of filtered water from the same pond has cloudiness up to 16

cm. While for the volume of 1.5 liters of unfiltered water

sample from a stagnant pond has cloudiness up to 6 cm, and

the same volume of unfiltered water has cloudiness up to 23

cm. Two liters of the same water still have cloudiness up to

6 cm and when filtered, it can reach up to 26 cm. The data

above shows that the turbidity in the filtered water has

lessened where it can reach the bottom in each of the

samples’ container.

55
 According to the Secchi disk, the turbidity level of the

water will be determined by how much depth is the disk

visible on the container where the longer the measurement

the better. Therefore, the filtered water in different

sample have successfully lessens the turbidity since the

disk have reached the bottom of each of their container

compared to the unfiltered water that have only reached the

measurement of 6 cm.

56
 Chapter 5

Summary, Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

This chapter presents the overall summary of the study

followed by findings and their conclusions. Subsequent to

this are the recommendations of the study for future

research.

Summary

The study was conducted to determine the acceptability of

development of Low-Cost Plastic Filtration System with

Filter Media.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following

questions:

1. What is the level of acceptability of the development

of low-cost plastic filtration system with filter media in

terms of design and cost?

2. What is the level of acceptability of the development

of low-cost plastic filtration system with filter media in

terms of minimizing the bacteria using coliform count test

and secchi disc method for turbidity test?

57
 Findings

For Designs - The Design of the model was proved to be

effective since it performed well the

process of filtering the water in every

chamber of the canister filter.

For Cost Value - The price is more economical since almost

all materials are recycled. Most of the

materials gathered were from construction

site, household and junkshop. The only two

materials that the researchers bought in

the market were the pump and epoxy.

For Turbidity of Water and Coliform Level - Based on the

results, the low-cost plastic filtration

system effectively reduced the coliform

count (MPN) and cloudiness of the water

after filtration. Although according to

the Department of Environment and Natural

Resources (DENR) Administrative Order

No.35 Series of 1990, the water sample

doesn’t reach the acceptable standard

count of coliform for aquaculture, it

decreases the total coliform count of the

water sample up to 1,250,000MPN/100mL.

58
 Conclusions

The following are the conclusions that were based on

the findings of the study.

1. In terms of cost value, the researchers were able to

find alternative materials to make more use of it and

turn it into something new that can help lessen the

pollutants in the environment.

2. In terms of design, it manages the flow of the water

that goes to the different parts of the canister filter

box effectively.

3. For Turbidity of Water and Coliform Level, with

accordance to the test results from AKENRO, the re-

circulation of the water inside the canister bin was

able to sustain the good filtration and can maintain

the good quality of water for a considerable amount of

time.

4. It was concluded that the hypothesis presented in this

research was correct as the low-cost plastic filtration

system with filter media effectively reduced the total

coliform count and the cloudiness that was present from

a stagnant water source.

59
 Recommendations

Recommendation 1: The materials used in building the low-

cost plastic filtration system with filter media.

Based on the two tests results, from AKENRO the Coliform

Count (MPN) Test and the Turbidity Test that was tested by

the researches using Secchi Disk Method, the materials used

in the Development of Low-Cost Plastic Filtration System

with Filter Media are deemed to be effective. The materials,

especially the filter media, have successfully reduced the

amount of total coliform and small particles that are

present in the water sample.

Recommendation 2: The design and filter media of the

filtration system is flexible and can be alter.

Based on the evaluation of Engr. Dwyt N. Ramos, the

design of the filtration system can be improved. By

upgrading the materials for the design, it can filter large

amount of water on a single run which can be beneficial in a

larger scale of aquaculture. Also depending to the water

sample that is intended to be filtered, the filter media can

be replaced with an alternative to meet the desired output

for filtration.

60
 Recommendation 3: Using different water source for

filtration system.

The study used stagnant water from a pond which has more

bacteria built up compared to other water sources. The

result of this study showed that the low-cost plastic

filtration system effectively reduced the bacteria from the

water after filtration but since the bacteria was very high

from the beginning it didn’t pass the acceptable count of

coliform for aquaculture therefore, the researchers

recommend to use different water source for filtration such

as running water from river.

61
REFERENCES

62
 REFERENCES

A. BOOKS
Grumezescu, Alexandru Mihai (2017). Water Purification.
Romania: Elsevier Inc.
Martin, Edward J. (1988). Handbook for Appropriate Water.
Martin, Edward J. (1988). Wastewater Technology for Latin
America and the Caribbean.
Wells, P.V. (n.d). Turbidity Standard of Water Analysis.

B. JOURNAL
Hodde, H. (2010). Effects of Number and Location of Bins on
Plastic Recycling at a University. Journal of Applied
Behavior Analysis, 43(4): 711–715.

C. ONLINE ARTICLE
Atkin, E. (June 13, 2020). How can I Measure Turbidity.
Retrieved from https://camblab.info/how-can-i-measure-
turbidity
Girard (2021). Canister Filter VS Sump: Here is What You
Need to Know. Retrieved from https://www.
tankarium.com/ canister-filter-vs-sump-need-know/
Mao, N. (2016). Water Filtration. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemical-engi
neering /water-filtration
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. (March 2008). Turbidity:
Description, Impact on Water Quality, Sources, Measures
– A General Overview. Retrieved from https://www.pca.
state.mn.us/sites/default/files/wqiw321.pdf

63
Musa et al. (May 2020). Evaluation of Potential Use of
Charcoal as a Filter Material in Water Treatment.
Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/
publication/341387361_Evaluation_of_Potential_Use
of_Charcoal_as_a_Filter_Material_In_Water_Treatment

D.ONLINE DICTIONARY
Law Insider. (n.d.). Filter Media. Retrieved from
https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/filter-media
AIP Publishing. (n.d.). Water Pump. Retrieved from
aip.scitation.prg/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.5011613

E. WEBSITES
Badman's Tropical Fish. (February 6, 2021). The Importance
of Filter Media. Retrieved from https://badmanst
ropicalfish.com/articles/filter-media-in-the- home-
aquarium article98.html
Darci J. Harland (1857). An Introduction to Experimental
Research. Retrieve from https://cemast.illinoisstate.
edu/downloads/hsrs/types_of_research.pdf
Haman D. & Zazueta F. (September 20, 2021). Media Filters
for Trickle Irrigation in Florida. Retrieved from
https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/WI008
Washington State Department of Health. (n.d.). Coliform
Bacteria in Drinking Water. Retrieved from
https://doh.wa.gov/community-and-environment/drinking-
water/contaminants/coliform#:~:text=Coliform%20bacteri
a%20are%20organisms%20that,be%20in%20the%20water%20sys
tem

64
Raña J. et al. (December 2017). Contamination of Coliform

Bacteria in Water and Fishery Resources in Manila Bay

Aquaculture Farms. Retrieved from http://www.nfrdi.da

.gov.ph/tpjf/vol24_2/Manila%20Bay%20Pollution/Contamin

ation%20of%20Coliform%20Bacteria%20in%20Water%20and%20

Fishery%20Resources%20in%20Manila%20Bay%20Aquaculture%

20Farms.pdf

65
 APENDIXES

Appendix A

Materials for the Low-Cost Plastic Filtration System with

Filter Media

3pcs of Garbage Bin 3 inch PVC pipe

3pcs of strainer 1 pc of submersible pump

Soldering Rod 1 set of marine cord epoxy

3 inch 90 degrees Elbow 3 pcs. of plastic Faucet

66
67
68
 Appendix B
Documentation

69
70
71
Front

72
 Back

Appendix C
Results for the Total Coliform Count (MPN)

73
74
75
Turbidity Test

76
 Appendix D

CURRICULUM VITAE

QUEENCIE R. RAMOS
062 Toting Reyes Street, New Buswang,
Kalibo, Aklan
Contact Number: 09219966923
Email Address: queencieramos97
@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birth date: September 7, 1999

77
Birth Place: Kalibo, Aklan
Age: 22 years old
Gender: Female
Religion: Roman Catholic
Height (in ft): 5'0"
Weight (in kg): 54 kg
Father’s Name: Victor L. Ramos
Mother’s Name: Dolores R. Ramos

EDUCATION

Tertiary Garcia College of Technology

Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering
2018-Present

Senior High School Graduated April 2018

Science Technology Engineering and
Mathematics Strand
Garcia College of Technology
Kalibo, Aklan

Elementary Graduated March 2012

Aklan Learning Center
Roxas Ave. Ext., Andagao, Kalibo,
Aklan

WORK/TRAINING EXPERIENCE

2021 On-the-Job Training (240 hours)

Kalibo, Aklan

2019 Summer Job - Clerk

Garcia College of Technology
Kalibo, Aklan

AWARDS AND RECOGNITION

Academic Awards Semestral Scholar

Bachelor of Science in Civil

78
 Engineering
A.Y. 2018-2019

Academic Awardee
Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering
A.Y. 2018-2019

AFFILIATIONS AND MEMBERSHIPS

On Campus Involvement
Member - GCT Chorale
A.Y. 2018-2021

Member - Student Electoral

Committee (SEC)
Supreme Student Council
A.Y. 2021-2022

3rd Year Vice President –

Association of Civil
Engineering Students
A.Y. 2020-2021

2nd Year Vice President –

Association of Civil
Engineering Students
A.Y. 2019-2020

1st Year Vice President –

Association of Civil
Engineering Students
A.Y. 2018-2019

SKILLS

Computer Skills - Proficient

in Microsoft Applications
and Tools
Proficient in AutoCAD, and
SketchUp

Leadership Skills

Communication Skills
79
JUSTINE BRIAN T. BALTAZAR
Tugas, Makato, Aklan
Contact Number: 09459605656
Email Address: baltazarjustinebrian
@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birth date: October 10, 1999

Birth Place: Poblacion, Kalibo, Aklan

Age: 22 years old
80
Gender: Male

Religion: Roman Catholic

Height (in ft): 5’5"

Weight (in kg): 49 kg

Father’s Name: Julius P. Baltazar

Mother’s Name: Jenet T. Baltazar

EDUCATION

Tertiary Garcia College of Technology

Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering
2018-Present

Senior High School Graduated April 2018

Science Technology Engineering and
Mathematics Strand
Garcia College of Technology
Kalibo, Aklan

Elementary Graduated March 2012

Makato Integrated School
Makato, Aklan

SKILLS

Computer Skills - Proficient

in Microsoft Applications
and Tools
Proficient in AutoCAD, and
SketchUp

81
IAN KYLE B. MALBAS
Nalook, Kalibo, Aklan
Contact Number: 09294048757
Email Address: malbasian15@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birth date: May 15, 2000

82
Birth place: Kalibo, Aklan

Age: 22 years old

Gender: Male

Religion: Roman Catholic

Height (in ft): 5’11”

Weight (in kg): 87 kg

Father’s Name: Alex B. Malbas

Mother’s Name: Anamie B. Malbas

EDUCATION

Tertiary Garcia College of Technology

Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering
2018-Present

Senior High School Graduated April 2018

Science Technology Engineering and
Mathematics Strand
Garcia College of Technology
Kalibo, Aklan
Elementary Graduated March 2012
Infant Jesus School
Mabini St. Ext., Kalibo, Aklan

AWARDS AND RECOGNITION

Academic Awards Academic Awardee

Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering

A.Y. 2018-2019

83
SKILLS

Computer Skills -
Proficient in
Microsoft Applications
and Tools
Proficient in AutoCAD

ALEP G. PANAGSAGAN
0789 Andagao, Kalibo, Aklan
Contact Number: 09568017002
Email Address: AlepPanagsagan30
@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birth date: June 30, 1998

Birth Place: Seaman’s Hospital Intramuros, Manila

Age: 23 years old

Gender: Male

84
Religion: Roman Catholic

Height (in ft): 5’7”

Weight (in kg): 75 kg

Father’s Name: Alfredo G. Panagsagan

Mother’s Name: Sheryll Mayhene G. Panagsagan

EDUCATION

Tertiary Garcia College of Technology

Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering
2018-Present

Senior High School Graduated April 2018

Science Technology Engineering and
Mathematics Strand
Garcia College of Technology
Kalibo, Aklan

Elementary Graduated March 2012

Marian High School
Magdalena St. Andagaw, Kalibo,
Aklan

SKILLS

Computer Skills - Proficient

in Microsoft Applications and
Tools

Proficient in AutoCAD, and

SketchUp

85
JAN JAERYL R. TEMPLONUEVO
861 New Buswang Kalibo, Aklan
Contact Number: 09485051032
Email Address: janramos7335@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birth date: October 25, 1998

Birth Place: Kalibo, Aklan

Age: 23 years old

86
Gender: Male

Religion: Roman Catholic

Height (in ft): 5’5”

Weight (in kg): 85 kg

Father’s Name: Gerry R. Templonuevo

Mother’s Name: Engr. Mimilyn R. Templnuevo

EDUCATION

Tertiary Garcia College of Technology

Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering
2018-Present

Senior High School Graduated April 2018

Science Technology Engineering and
Mathematics Strand
Regional Science High School For
Region VI
Kalibo, Aklan
Elementary Graduated March 2012
Kalibo Pilot Elementary School
Kalibo, Aklan

WORK/TRAINING EXPERIENCE

2021 On-the-Job Training (240 hours)

Kalibo, Aklan

87
AWARDS AND RECOGNITION

Non-Academic Special Award

Awards
Silver Medalist -
Chess Men WPRISAA
2020
Roxas City, Capiz
A.Y. 2019-2020
Special Award
Bronze Medalist -
Chess Men WPRISAA
2019
Bacolod City,
Negros Occidental
A.Y. 2018-2019

SKILLS

Computer Skills - Proficient

in Microsoft Applications
and Tools
Proficient in AutoCAD, and
SketchUp
JERMAIN S. ZARADULLA
Laserna St. Kalibo, Aklan
Contact Number: 09638002649
Email Address: jermainzaradulla99
@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birth date: December 4, 1999

Birth Place: Poblacion, Kalibo, Aklan

Age: 22 years old
88
Gender: Female

Religion: Roman Catholic

Height (in ft): 5’0"

Weight (in kg): 45 kg

Father’s Name: Romeo R. Zaradulla

Mother’s Name: Roliana S. Zaradulla

EDUCATION

Tertiary Garcia College of Technology

Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering
2018-Present

Senior High School Graduated April 2018

Science Technology Engineering and
Mathematics Strand
Garcia College of Technology
Kalibo, Aklan

Elementary Graduated March 2012

Kalibo Elementary School
Kalibo, Aklan

WORK/TRAINING EXPERIENCE

2021 On-the-Job Training (240 hours)

Kalibo, Aklan

AWARDS AND RECOGNITION

89
Academic Awards Academic Awardee
Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering
A.Y. 2018-2019

SKILLS

Computer Skills - Proficient

in Microsoft Applications
and Tools
Proficient in AutoCAD and
SkecthUp

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