i

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR-POWERED SAFETY

MOTORCYCLE HELMET WITH VOICE WARNING SYSTEM

A Proposed Study Submitted to the Faculty of Computer Engineering

Department
Bestlink College of the Philippines
Novaliches, Quezon City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering

By:

Alexander N. Ceballos
Jerwin R. Dela Cruz
Jimboy P. Estil
Mary Joy B. Matira
Miles T. Mimay

2021
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First, the researchers would like to acknowledge and express their

sincere gratitude to the research adviser, Mr. Ronald S. Tinio, Ph. DTE, and to

their research advisor, Prof. Edgar Broncano for imparting their knowledge

and expertise on the research, as well as for giving brilliant suggestions and

comments to the researchers and guiding them throughout the completion of

their research.

The researchers would also like to give their sincere gratitude to their

family, relatives, and friends for their continuous support, both morally and

financially, furthermore, for their encouragement to complete this research.

Above all the researchers want to give their greatest gratitude to the

Almighty God who gives them all the knowledge and has helped them through

all the difficulties in the completion of their research.

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ABSTRACT
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR-POWERED

SAFETY MOTORCYCLE HELMETWITH

VOICE WARNING SYSTEM

Ceballos, Alexander N., Dela Cruz, Jerwin R., Estil, Jimboy P., Matira, Mary Joy B.,
Mimay, Miles T.

The researchers designed and developed the Safety Motorcycle Helmet with

Voice Warning System because of the growing number of road accidents. One of the

causes of this is over-speeding. The creation of this project will help motorcycle riders

to avoid accidents and to lessen the danger of over speeding. It can also help motorists

to refrain from the penalty that they may face accidents and the penalty they may face

due to over speeding, as stated in the law.

The researchers used iterative process, it is the practice of building, refining,

and improving a project or product. The use of iterative development process is to

create, test, and revise until the researchers satisfied with the end result. The

researchers also used quantitative methods of researcher. The researcher attempted to

get the answers to the aforementioned problem and to justify and satisfy the objectives

of the study.

The result of the study based on the constructed survey questions, under

awareness the total weighted mean is 4.6895 which is strongly agree, this implies that

the respondents are aware of the safeness of using helmet, sensors and the safeness of

following the speed limit. For effectiveness 4.4693 was computed which is effective, it
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implies that the respondents agree that with the development of the device road

accidents can be prevented. For participation 4.6886 was computed which is strongly

agree, this implies that the respondents are willing to use the device upon

development.

The researchers came up with the idea of creating a solar-powered safety

motorcycle helmet with voice warning system to help motorcycle riders avoid

accidents caused by over speeding. This device can be useful to those who frequently

ride motorcycles on expressways, which are accident-prone areas due to over speeding

of various vehicles, primarily motorcycles. A speedometer, a speech system, and a

solar panel are all included in one device. The speedometer will detect the motorbike

rider's speed, and if it exceeds the speed limit, the speech system will automatically

speak three times at various speeds. The solar panel, on the other hand, will be utilized

to harvest energy for this gadget and power it up. Based on the gathered data from the

survey the safety motorcycle helmet with voice warning system helps the motorcycle

riders lessen the road accidents caused by over-speeding.

Keywords: Over-speeding, solar panel, speech system, expressways, accident-prone

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL PAGE ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

ABSTRACT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF FIGURES x

Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1

Background of the Study 1

Conceptual Framework 4

Statement of the Problem 5

Assumptions 6

Significance of the Study 6

Scope and Limitations

Definition of Terms 8

Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 10

Local Literature 10
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Foreign Literature 12

Local Studies 13

Foreign Studies 15

Synthesis and Justification 18

Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY USED 19

Research Design 19

Project Design Diagram 19

Project Design Prototype 20

Iterative Process 22

Research Setting 23

Respondents of the Study 24

Data Gathering Instruments 24

Data Gathering Procedure 24

Statistical Treatment of Data 25

Slovin’s Formula 25

Weighted Mean 25

Likert Scale 27

Chapter 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 28

Project Context 28

Design Process 29
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Process Flow 31

Project Cost Estimation 32

Materials Used 33

Project Testing and Evaluation 43

Performance Measurement 45

Chapter 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 47

Conclusions 47

Recommendations 48

Summary of Evaluation 49

APPENDIX

A: Letter of Intent xii

B: Survey Questionnaire xiii

C. Codes xvii

D. Curriculum Vitae xxi

BIBLIOGRAPHY xxxii
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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: Interpretation for Effectiveness

TABLE 2: Interpretation for Awareness and Participation

TABLE 3: Cost of Materials

TABLE 4: Percentage Output of Solar Panel

TABLE 5.0: Weighted Mean in each question under Awareness

TABLE 5.1: Weighted Mean in each question under Effectiveness

TABLE 5.2: Weighted Mean in each question under Participation

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: Conceptual Framework

FIGURE 2: Project Design Diagram

FIGURE 3: Project Design Prototype

FIGURE 4: SDLC Model

FIGURE 5: Research Setting

FIGURE 6: Design Process

FIGURE 7: Schematic Diagram

FIGURE 8: Process Flow

FIGURE 9.0: Lithium Battery

FIGURE 9.1: Battery Indicator

FIGURE 9.2: Alkaline Battery

FIGURE 9.3: Battery Holder

FIGURE 9.4: Switch

FIGURE 9.5: LED

FIGURE 9.6: 5V Boost Step-up Power Module

FIGURE 9.7: Speaker

FIGURE 9.8: Arduino UNO Board

FIGURE 9.9: SD Card Module

FIGURE 9.10: Plastic Enclosure

FIGURE 9.11: Bending Solar Panel

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FIGURE 9.12: 12V Mini-horn Siren

FIGURE 9.13: Binder Clip

FIGURE 9.14: Hall Effect Sensor

FIGURE 9.15: LCD Display Module

FIGURE 9.16: Solid Wires

FIGURE 9.17: Stranded Wires

FIGURE 9.18: Electrical Connector

FIGURE 9.19: Loctite Super Glue

FIGURE 9.20: Helmet

FIGURE 9.21: Magnet

FIGURE 10.0: Percentage of Respondents who are using Helmet

FIGURE 10.1: Percentage of Respondents who got speeding ticket

FIGURE 10.2: Respondents’ reason for over-speeding

FIGURE 10.3: Percentage of respondents who got into accidents

FIGURE 10.4: Percentage of Respondents who tried warning device

FIGURE 10.5: Frequency of respondents answer in each question under

Awareness

FIGURE 10.5: Frequency of respondents answer in each question under

Effectiveness

FIGURE 10.5: Frequency of respondents answer in each question under

Participation
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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

A motorcycle is the common vehicle use for different purposes; it would be for

long-distance travel, commuting, cruising, sport (including racing), and off-road

riding. Owning a motorcycle does not only give joy of riding in an open air, it also

offers other benefits such as affordability, better fuel efficiency that can save you

money on gas, and easier maintenance. But motorcycle is the number one vehicle that

cause accident on the road and most of the cause is over speeding. According to ZSW

Center for Road Safety over speeding consistently contributes to around 41 percent of

road fatalities and 24 percent of serious injuries each year. This means almost 150

lives lost and 1,270 people seriously injured each year. Over speeding reduces the

ability of the driver to steer safely around curves or objects on the road. According to

the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), more than 9,000

people were killed due to a driver speeding in 2018. Several factors contribute to the

increase in drivers speeding on our roads, as noted by the NHTSA. These include

Traffic congestion with traffic increasing on our roads and highways, some drivers

may get frustrated and respond by speeding, passing other cars frequently and

recklessly, and become enraged at whoever they believe impedes their progress.

Running behind schedule Some drivers speed because they are running late for work

or school. Parents also might be late in picking up the kids or getting to an

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appointment. Still, speeding putting other motorists at risk around drivers who are in a

hurry. Ability to be anonymous when you are driving alone in your car, you are

insulated from the rest of the world. This may allow some drivers to develop a sense

of detachment, which can encourage them to feel less constrained and act recklessly

because no one is witnessing their dangerous behavior. Motorcycle accidents can be

devastating, resulting in severe injuries or even death. If the other motorist is speeding

and crashes into a motorcycle rider, that rider could be ejected from their bike onto the

road. That kind of catastrophic impact could result in serious injuries; All these points

illustrate how speeding can affect motorcycle accidents. If the driver of the motorcycle

is not able to stop in time or have enough room to stop, they can make a mistake by

overcorrecting and causing a crash The researcher wants to lessen the over speeding

accidents by innovating the helmet that help the motorcycle rider to avoid over

speeding. This helmet is called Design and Development of Solar-powered Safety

Motorcycle Helmet with Voice Warning System. This motorcycle helmet with voice

warning system will tell the rider if he is over speeding informing them to slow down

their speed and it has three warning system, the first warning will occur at the speed of

60kph because 60kph is the maximum speed at the major road, and you can ignore it

when you are on expressways that require the speed of 80kph, and if individuals

reached the speed of 85kph the warning will trigger again to warn you to maintain

your speed at 80kph, and the last warning will trigger at the speed of 100kph. The

researchers will also use Arduino, Hall effect sensor, SD card module, Magnet,

Resistor, connecting wires, PCB, mini-speaker, I2C module for Liquid Crystal Device
 3

(LCD) and batteries and helmet for the development of the device. The device weight

is about 1600 grams or 1.59 kilograms. The device also warned the rider if the

connector wire is not connected in the helmet. For the electricity of the device, most of

the riders are riding at daylight that’s why the researcher use solar panel for collecting

energy using the heat of sun and power bank to store the excess supply from the solar

panel. Researchers innovate this kind of device because a lot of people in the

Philippines are using motorcycles in their daily lives, by going to work and getting

back to their home safely, by going to different stores and malls in much safer way.

Safety is the main goal of the researchers in formulating device and in conducting this

study.
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Conceptual Framework

INPUT OUTPUT
PROCESS
Software Requirements
• Arduino IDE
• Sketchup
Hardware Requirements  Planning
 Design System
• Laptop/Computer Architecture of
s • Arduino Uno Solar Powered
Solar-powered Safety
Safety Motorcycle
Motorcycle Helmet with
• Sensors and Helmet
Modules Voice Warning System
 Development and
coding
• Solar panel
 Testing the
• Battery developed system
 Implementing to
• Speaker
Arduino
• LCD Monitor
• PCB
• Helmet

FEEDBACK

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework used in this study was the Input-Process-Output

Model as shown on the figure 1. In the Input, it includes the software and hardware

requirements for the system and then the process by which the system developed

consists of planning, designing system, development and coding, testing and

implementation of the system. The output is referred to this research, Solar-powered

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Safety Motorcycle Helmet with Voice Warning System. The Input-Process-Output

method depicts the conceptual structure and guide for the direction of the study.

Statement of the Problem

One of the most popular transportations in the Philippines is motorcycle, and a

lot of people choose it because they can avoid the traffic and it is much cheaper than

the other type of vehicle. It is true that motorcycle can help riders to make

transportation easily, but there are also disadvantages of using motorcycles if they

used it recklessly. According to research finding, 18% of the road accidents are due to

over speeding and it can cause severe damage or death. The primary purpose of this

research is to examine if the use of solar-powered motorcycle helmet with voice

warning system can lessen the danger of motorcycle riders may face including the fine

a rider might encounter due to over speeding. With this gathered information the

researchers want to develop a device that can help mostly the riders to drive safe and

lessen the accident in the road. Researchers also have warning system if the Hall effect

sensor is not attached into the helmet.

The study seeks to find the answers to the following research questions:

1. What sensor is used in creating the device?

2. How is the speed acquired be used in the development of the motorcycle

helmet with voice warning system?

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3. How effective is the solar power safety motorcycle helmet with voice warning

system?

4. How accurate is the proposed device in terms of speed that it uses?

Assumptions
The design project of the researchers which is helmet is not like other types of

helmets that it has an automatic speed sensor which can detect the speed of the

motorcycle and if the motorcycle speed reaches the speed limit it will make a sound to

tell the rider is over speeding, it also has a solar panel at the top of the helmet that

charge the device.

The small speaker of automatic speed sensor will deliver the message regarding

the speed to in the rider as fast as possible. The sound of the speaker is greatly reduced

to avoid accidents.

Significance of the Study

This research was made with the aim to lessen the over speeding accidents on

motorcycle riders and save lives. The result of this research will be beneficial to the

following:

Society - over speeding accidents can cause heavy traffic on roads and can bother

commuters. As for the help, this study will lessen road accidents so it will help to
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solve the heavy traffic caused by road accidents and also helps the commuters to travel

fast.

Motorcycle riders – many motorcycle riders are reckless drivers and they ignore the

right speed limit on major roads and highways and this can cause accident and death.

This study will help them to lessen the road accidents due to over speeding by

innovating a helmet that can warn them if they reach a higher speed limit.

Motorcycle and Helmet manufacturer -the innovation of helmet may help them to

create more ideas and innovate more different kind of helmets that help the riders to be

much more secure and safe while riding.

Scope and Limitation

The researchers reached the idea of creating a "solar-powered safety

motorcycle helmet with voice warning system" to help motorcycle riders avoid

accidents caused by over speeding. This device can be useful to those who frequently

ride motorcycles on expressways, which are accident-prone areas due to over speeding

of various vehicles, primarily motorcycles. A speedometer, a speech system, and a

solar panel are all included in one device. The speedometer will detect the motorbike

rider's speed, and if it exceeds the speed limit, the speech system will automatically

speak three times at various speeds. The solar panel, on the other hand, will be utilized

to harvest energy for this gadget and power it up.

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The limit of this study does not have a vent, since it needed to be close to

withstand rainy weather and the components will not damage. It can withstand any

weather but the device needed to be used in sunny weather for the solar sensor to be

used. Since the sensor is not wireless the rider needs to manually connect the sensor to

Arduino UNO board to function.

The researcher use data gathering technique and using survey as a tool for

getting the data answered by the respondent. This study was conducted from March

2022 – May 2022.

Definition of Terms
Arduino is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip

ATmega328Pmicrocontroller refers to a board that is equipped with sets of digital

and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards

(shields) and other circuits.

Battery is a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is

converted into electricity and used as a source of power.

Breadboard is used to build and test circuits quickly before finalizing any circuit

design. The breadboard has many holes into which circuit components like Integrated

Circuit (IC) and resistors can be inserted.

Connecting wires allow an electrical current to travel from one point on a circuit to

another, because electricity needs a medium through which to move.

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Hall effect sensoris an electronic device that is designed to detect the Hall effect, and

convert its findings into electronic data Solar panel – Collecting energy from the heat

of sun to create power or electricity

Over speeding means running in an excessive speed and can cause accidents

Resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical

resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce

current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and

terminate transmission lines, among other uses.

SD Card Module is a breakout board used for SD card processes such as reading and

writing with a microcontroller.

Voice warning system is a small speaker that tells the rider when they are over

speeding.
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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization or conclusions,

methodologies and others. Those that were included in this chapter helps in

familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the study.

Related Literature

Local Literature

Kim, C. (2021) stated on her article that exceeding the speed limit is one of the

common causes of road-related deaths and injuries in the Philippines, it is because

some of the motorcycle riders are not aware on the standard limit in the Philippines.

Driving under the influence of alcohol also cause road-related accidents, being drunk

can lower the level of alertness and focus on driving. Also, bad overtaking is also

included, this is common scenario in the road because of failure to estimate the

distance and time when overtaking.

According to Obiso J. et al. (2020) over speeding of motorcycles is the primary

cause of motorcycle-related accidents in the Philippines.  Motorcycle drivers are

usually unaware that the normal speed limit has been exceeded during driving. To

address this problem, a system has been developed to detect over speeding by using a

Hall Effect sensor. This system alerts the driver in times of over speeding using a
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buzzer. Also, the system can provide location details of the motorcycle by using the

Global Positioning System (GPS) module. These details can be sent to the dedicated

user via Short Message Service (SMS) and can be stored using a SD card. In testing

the performance of the developed system, the following experiments were performed

in three different locations within Cebu, Philippines: GPS response test, Hall Effect

sensor response test, and data logging test. Experiment results had proven that the

developed system could effectively perform its desired operations. Specifically, it

detects over speeding, sends the location details via Short Message Service (SMS)

messages to the dedicated user, alarms the buzzer when the speed limit is reached, and

stores the information details using the SD card. Hence, the system advances the

literature since it serves a dual purpose: to detect over speeding and to track the

location of motorcycles. For further enhancement of the system performance, it is

highly recommended that future researchers should include an intelligent feature such

as the automatic deceleration when the driving speed exceeds the speed limit. It would

also be preferable if the collision detection and avoidance mechanisms can be

incorporated.

According to Acosta, P. (2017), whether it is short or long ride, a motorcycle

rider should always wear a standard protective helmet while driving, in any type of

road and highway, in order to safeguard the rider and/or its back rider from injury

because of life-threatening accidents and crashes. However, the helmet should be used

by the motorcycle riders are those helmet that meet the specifications set forth by the

Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).

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Foreign Literature

In the book of Sensor Systems and Software by Magno, Ferrero, and Bilas

(2016), technology advancements in integrated circuits, smart sensors and

communication allow the fabrication and integration of small form factor, light and

ultra-low power sensing “smart devices” that they can be worn and completely

“forgotten about” by users. Smart wireless sensors; have been recognized as

fundamental enabling technology for wide range of applications such as automotive,

health care, industry and security. With the same technologies today it is possible to

design wearable devices that target the improvement of safety for riders such as

integration in helmet for motorcycle riders.

According to the book of Chet, N. (2014) entitled “Development of a Vehicle

Speed Warning System” as vehicle speed increased and road improved the main

objectives of a speed sensor were to allow the driver to accurately view the vehicle

speed, possibly to avoid road accidents and speeding ticket, and to be able to read the

odometer to verify how many miles were on the vehicle. The operation of most speed

sensors according to Soloman, S. (2018) is similar and might fall into either variable

reluctance, hall-effect and magneto resistive. As a result of the use of modern speed

sensors, today’s vehicles utilize this technology not only to monitor vehicle speed, but

also to monitor component position or rate of speed change on virtually any moving

part of the automotive.

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In the book “Harley-Davidson Motorcycles” by Stermer, B. (2007)

helmetspeakers are the best means of overcoming wind and other ambient noise so

riders and passengers can hear well while riding. They often mount under the helmet’s

comfort liner with hook-and-loop fasteners, or in special indents within the helmet,

and are quite light. Factory sound systems are usually switched so the sound can be

directed either helmet or the dash-board speakers.

Related Studies

Local Studies

According to Capuno M.E. and Tayag M. (June 2019) Buying a car entails a

cost, not counting the day-to-day high price tag of gasoline. People are looking for

viable means of transportation that is cost-effective and can move its way through

traffic faster. In the Philippines, motorcycle was the answer to most people

transportation needs. With the increasing number of a motorcycle rider in the

Philippines safety is the utmost concern. Today technology plays a huge role on how

this safety can be assured. We now see advances in connected devices. Devices can

sense its surrounding through sensor attach to it. With this in mind, this study focuses

on the development of a wearable device named Smart Motorcycle Helmet or simply

Smart Helmet, whose main objective is to help motorcycle rider in times of

emergency. Utilizing sensors such as alcohol level detector, crash/impact sensor,

Internet connection thru 3G, accelerometer, Short Message Service (SMS) and cloud
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computing infrastructure connected to a Raspberry Pi Zero-W and integrating a

separate Arduino board for the antitheft tracking module is used to develop the

propose Internet-of Things (IoT) device.

According to Agdon R.N. Jr. et al (2017) a smart helmet is an idea which

makes motorcycle driving safer than usual. This is implemented using a variety

of sensors and an actuator interconnected wired and wirelessly with

microcontroller boards; secured on the helmet and secured on the

motorcycle. The researchers’ goals are to provide safety on the

motorcyclists by preventing them to ride/drive a motorcycle when drunk

and/or not wearing the helmet and to secure the motorcycle from the thieves or to

easily tract the motorcycle when lost. The working principle of this smart helmet

system is very simple; a GPS module which is connected to microcontroller on the

motorcycle periodically receives data of the location of the motorcycle. There

are three sensors responsible for the motorcycle ignition attached to the

helmet: alcohol sensor to analyze alcohol content on the driver’s breath,

momentary push button switch (tactile switch) to detect the driver is wearing the

helmet and an ultrasonic sensor to ensure that the driver is the one wearing the helmet

by setting an allowable distance range between the helmet and the motorcycle. The

motorcycle will not start unless this sensor satisfies the system’s algorithm.

According to the study of Godoy C. Jr. (2020) which entitled “Motorcycle

System for Optimum Road Safety with Anti-Theft Capability”, which is MCU based.

It is designed for the motorcycle riders in the Philippines to avoid road accidents.
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According to his study, the percentage of accidents is getting high due to the higher

increase in the number of cars and motorcycle travelling on the road. In line with that,

he proposed system help motorcycle riders avoid accidents cause by over-speeding

and driving while on the influence of alcohol.

Foreign Studies

According to Brotoharsono, T., Budiman, A. and Sudiharto, D. (2018)

motorcycle is the highest contributor of a traffic accident in Indonesia which 83% of it

caused by human factors. These human factors include traffic signs violation and

riding above the speed limit. Besides that, road condition also affects traffic accident,

such as a pothole, speed bump and lack of traffic signs. In the case of a fatality, the

highest proportion of fatalities is 22.4% of the total 145,478 victims occurred in 2011.

Head injury is the main factor of casualties by 70%. Based on these statistics, the role

of a helmet as a head protector must be worn by motorcycle riders and make sure the

strap perfectly locked. To overcome this problem, this study introduces a smart helmet

system to warn the rider when they meet dangerous factors that risk causing traffic

accident. These factors are when the rider has not worn the helmet and lock the strap

and speeding above the speed limit. Other than that, this study offers a new feature to

warn the rider when passing through the obstacle such as potholes or speed bump at

unsafe speed. This feature is offered because of the bad road condition in Indonesia

contributes to traffic accidents. From the test's results, the smart helmet system in this

study has an average response time of 1.4 seconds in the helmet use and strap lock

detection system and 0.3 seconds in speed and shock detection system. In addition, the
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average difference of speed calculation between smart helmets and GPS is 3.3

km/hour.

According to Poojary, T. et al. (2016) Smart Helmet-Intelligent Safety Helmet

for Motorcyclist is a project undertaken to increase the rate of road safety among

motorcyclists. The idea is obtained after knowing that there is increased number of

fatal road accidents over the years. Through the study identified, it is analysed that the

helmets used is not in safety features such as not wearing a helmet string and not use

the appropriate size. Therefore, this project is designed to introduce safety systems for

the motorcyclist to wear the helmet properly. With the use of Image processing unit

using Raspberry Pi and Open Cv, the motorcycle can move if there is helmet pound

wearing, in accordance with the project title Smart Helmet-Intelligent Safety for

Motorcyclist using Raspberry Pi and Open Cv. Safety system applied in this project

meets the characteristics of a perfect rider and the application should be highlighted.

The project is expected to improve safety and reduce accidents, especially fatal to the

motorcyclist.

According to Naz, S. et al. (2020) Nowadays accidents are an increasing

concern all over the world. In present scenario accidents are happening due to the

factors of improper implementation and usage of helmets while driving Un-Prediction

of other vehicle motions, utilizing low-quality helmets. All this carelessness and

irresponsible activities play a dominant role in accidents that are leading to cause of

death and disability. Helmets play a major role in protecting a human head injury in

case of accidents. The purpose of this research is to create a smart and secure
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electronic helmet that plays a vital role in protecting human lives from accidents and

this helmet help to send and monitor the information about the vehicle and also the

person driving the vehicle. This research mainly focuses on indicating alerts to the

driver about the surrounding vehicle movements while “changing the lane” and also

helps to navigate the driver incorrect way for travelling. A high-speed motorist

without a helmet has a very harmful impact that may lead to death. Helming will

mitigate injury and save a life. The goal of this project is to increase motorcycle driver

safety. If the limits of their speed are breached and cars reach the surrounding vehicle

struck, motorcyclists shall be warned. The new cloud-based communications helmet

program would transmit messages to the receiver material of the network. Many

countries are implementing regulations that require the driver to wear a helmet while

riding his motorcycle. Most accidents are caused by reckless driving, drunk or mobile

phone use, while traffic laws and rules are violated. Many people lose their lives due

to late notification of accident due to that the people are not able to monitor the

accident area's precise Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates. The significant

explanation that people get hurt in the head if they don't carry a cask while pushing the

wheel. The Force Sensing Resistor (FSR) is used for measuring the driver's head and

motorcycle acceleration. Just when the driver humps the helmet is the engine ignited.

A Light Emitting Diode (LED) will flash in the helmet while some obstacles or critical

risk. Thus, this research helps the researches for implementing and adopting the

helmets in various aspects of security and protection of humans in future studies.

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Synthesis and Justification

Based on the previous studies that focus on the toughness of the helmet for

saving the lives of motorcycle riders, the other one also has anti thief system for

preventing the people to stole the helmet, the researchers gather the idea to make a

design of helmet. This study is undertaken to increase the rate of road safety among

motorcyclists. The idea is obtained after knowing that there is increased number of

fatal road accidents over the years due to over speeding. Through the study identified,

it is analyzed that the helmets used is a big factor for rider’s survival rate. The

researcher designs a helmet that will protect the head of the riders and warn them if

they speed is too fast through this helmet the researcher believed that this will lessen

the road accidents in the Philippines. Based on the 2020 Metro Manila Accident

Recording and Analysis System by the Metro Manila Development Authority, the

number of fatal accidents involving motorcycles hit 229 last year, as compared to 221

in 2019—a 3.5% increase. As far as accidents that caused non-fatal injuries, the report

showed a 24.9% decrease—11,032 in 2020 versus 14,691 in 2019. The actual number

of persons involved in motorcycle-related accidents is as follows: 198 riders killed and

10,226 injured17 passengers killed and 1,464 injured21 pedestrians killed and 1,078

injured. Even if there are some differences in previous research and the researchers’

device, there is one goal that the researchers have in similar and it is to prevent

accident while driving.

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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY USED

Research Design

This study was made by the means of quantitative methods of researcher. The

researcher attempted to get the answers to the aforementioned problem and to justify

and satisfy the objectives of the study. Likewise, it also attempted to know the

different impact to their life style. In order to know what is significance of the research

in this device the researcher created some actual questions that can distinguish the

awareness of people and the benefits in order to use this in public.

Project Design Diagram

Figure 2 Project Design Diagram

Project Design Prototype

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Figure 3 Project Design Prototype

Iterative Process
 23

For this project, the researcher applied the eight-phased model of iterative

process shown in figure, where the system before final release shall undergo a series

of testing and refinements.

Figure 4 SDLC Model

Initial planning- in this phase the researchers plan to innovate a helmet that will

increase the safety of the riders on the road and also lessen the accidents.

Planning - in this phase the researcher conducted a meeting to plan how to do the

device, what the device would look like, what are the components that will be needed,

how much time the researchers consume to finish this project.

Requirements - in this phase researchers choose 60 motorcycle riders as the

respondents in Brgy.170 Caloocan City, a formal written of consent was sent to do the

survey.
 24

Analysis and Design - in this phase the researchers plan on what is the prototype

device would look like, how the device working according to the researcher wants,

and as for

the components, the researchers are using arduino, wireless speedometer, solar panel,

mini speaker and helmet to be incorporated into the project.

Implementation - in this phase the researchers discuss what strategy or method will

use to finish the research with the given cost and time.

Development - in this phase, researchers studied what to be develop in the device,

what the researchers can do to create more functions in the device and what the future

researchers can improve in the device.

Evaluation - in this phase, researchers evaluate the final product or device,

researchers will decide if the device works well and decide if the device can achieve

the requirements set by researchers.

Research Setting

The researchers conduct the online survey within Quezon City, Philippines.

The participants (motorcycle riders) can travel outside Quezon City.

 25

Figure 5 Research Setting

Respondents of the Study
The researcher used quantitative method technique in the research, in order to

obtain more information, the survey-questionnaire was distributed and was made

available online whereas 38 respondents were successfully gathered and participated.

Data Gathering Instruments

The data needed for the study will be gathered using a survey-questionnaire,

which will be distributed through online form. The questionnaire will consist of

questions that are related to the study.

Data Gathering Procedure

In order to obtain more information, the survey-questionnaire will be

distributed and will be made available online to the 38 respondents and that will be

successfully gathered and participated. Researchers allotted their time, efforts and

cooperation in developing questionnaire with an explicit word to serve to the intended

respondents. The survey being implemented will be done using suitable questions that

are to be modified from related research and questions were formed by the

researchers. Scaling was used in the survey-questionnaire that categorized into five

(5), to know the positive and negative response of the respondents.

 26

The data gathered from this researched instrument will be collected and

organized according to the responses of the participants. Along with the questionnaires

as primary data, researchers also acquired data through analyzing and designing the

project.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data gathered by the researchers will be subjected to statistical treatment in

order to answer the questions proposed in the study. Statistical treatment of data is

extremely important to acquire the right form of data. The organization of data is

equally important so that appropriate conclusions can be drawn (SiddhartaKalla,

2009). The researchers will utilize the following statistical treatment to interpret the

data of the study; the statistical tools where will be employed are Slovin’s formula,

frequency and percentage distribution, average weighted mean and Likert Scale.

Slovin’s Formula

Slovin’s formula is used to calculate the sample size.

N
n = (1+ N e 2)

Where:

n = Sample size

N= Population size

e = Margin of error
 27

Weighted Mean

The weighted mean was computed to get the average or central value of the

responses in every statement since it is less prone to errors. This is calculated using

this formula:

∑ ( xi w i )
X w = i=1n
∑ ( wi )
i=1

Where:

X w =weightedmeanvariable

w i=allocatedweightedvalues

x i=observedvalues

Weighted Mean Scale Descriptive Interpretation

For Effectiveness:

Scale Weighted Mean Description

5 4.50 – 5.00 Highly Effective
4 3.50 – 4.49 Effective
3 2.50 – 3.49 Neutral
2 1.50 – 2.49 Ineffective
1 1.00 – 1.49 Highly Ineffective

Table 1 Interpretation for Effectiveness

For Awareness and Participation:
 28

Scale Weighted Mean Description

5 4.50 – 5.00 Strongly Agree
4 3.50 – 4.49 Agree
3 2.50 – 3.49 Neutral
2 1.50 – 2.49 Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.49 Strongly Disagree

Table 2 Interpretation for Awareness and Participation

Likert Scale

To describe the efficiency of Solar-powered Safety Motorcycle Helmet with

Voice Warning System, the researchers provided the following qualitative description

to quantify the respondents’ answer to each item:

For Effectiveness:

5 – Highly Effective

4 – Effective

3 – Neutral

2 – Ineffective

1 – Highly Ineffective

For Awareness and Participation:

5 – Strongly Agree

4 – Agree
 29

3 – Neutral

2 – Disagree

1 – Strongly Disagree
 30

Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this chapter the result of the research project is presented and discussed with

reference to the assumption of the researcher regarding to the introductory section of

this research, which also to determine the final outcome of the implemented device.

Project Context
The development of Solar-powered Motorcycle Helmet with Voice Warning

System is as follows:

First, the researchers planned and then created a conceptual design to figure the

design of the project. Second the researchers design a system architecture of Solar-

powered Safety Motorcycle Helmet with Voice Warning System. The researchers use

a hall effect sensor to get the RPM (Revolution Per Minute) of the wheel and then

convert it to KPH (Kilometer per Hour). SD card module is also used by the

researchers, to store numerous warning records for the warning system that can

triggers when the rider reached a certain speed limit. An LCD installed on the back of

the helmet to display the speed of the motorcycle. On the back of LCD, researchers

put i2c which has 16 pins, however 4 pins were only used. Next the researchers build a

DIY anti-theft for the helmet that will warns if the helmet is moved or removed from

the motorcycle. Third is the development and creation of codes for the system. The

researchers combine the codes of hall effect sensor, SD card module and LCD. Lastly

the researchers test the developed system before implementing it to Arduino.

 31

Design Process

Figure 6 Design Process

 32

Figure 7 Schematic Diagram

 33

Process Flow

Solar Panel

Provide charged to

5V Step-up
Booster

Magnet Battery Boost the voltage to power the Arduino UNO

Hall-effect
Sensor

This will get the speed of the motorcycle

Speaker

Solar-powered Motorcycle Helmet with Voice Warning System

Produced the output warning

LCD

Display the speed and distance travelled in digital

 34

Figure 8 Process Flow

Project Cost Estimation

The table shows the project cost estimation of the SOLAR-POWERED

MOTORCYCLE HELMET WITH VOICE WARNING SYSTEM. The cost of

developing the system was estimated based on the individual cost of each component

used in the development, with quality and compatibility.

ITEMS QUANTITY COST PER TOTAL

UNIT COST
Motorcycle Helmet 1 500 500
Arduino UNO 1 400 400
3144 Hall Effect Sensor 1 35 35
1k resistor 2 2 4
12V Alkaline Battery 2 38 76
Battery Holder 1 116 116
LED 2 4 8
Battery Indicator 1 96 96
3.7 Lithium Battery 2000 mAh 1 336 336
5V Boost Step-up Power Module 1 73 73
Speaker 2 62 124
SD Card Module 1 150 150
Plastic Enclosure 3 90 270
Bending Solar Panel 6V 1W 1 575 575
12V Mini Horn Siren 1 167 167
Binder Clip 1 5 5
16x2 LCD 1 150 150
Solid Wires 2 18 36
Stranded Wires 4 18 72
Electrical Connector 1 114 114
Loctite Super Glue 1 128 128
Magnet 1 10 10
TOTAL 3445

Table 3 Cost of Materials

 35

The total contribution for this project is P5, 000. And the total cost of materials

is P3,445. The remaining balance was spent to our foods and transportation for buying

materials.

Materials Used

Lithium Battery

Figure 9.0 Lithium Battery

A battery undergoes chemical reactions by an external circuit which involves

flow of electrons from one material (electrode) to another.

Battery Indicator
 36

Figure 9.1 Battery Indicator

A battery indicator (also known as a battery gauge) is a device that indicates

about battery information. This will usually be a visual indication of the battery's state

of charge. It is particularly important in the case of a battery electric vehicle.

Alkaline Battery

Figure 9.2 Alkaline Battery

Alkaline Battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts into

electrical energy. This kind of battery are disposable battery with zinc and manganese

dioxide as electrodes. A battery undergoes chemical reactions by an external circuit

which involves flow of electrons from one material (electrode) to another.

Battery Holder
 37

Figure 9.3 Battery Holder

From the word itself, battery holder used to hold battery securely and power the device

that is attached to it. Battery holder can be integrated or separate cavity to hold

batteries, it has one or more chambers for holding it.

Switch

Figure 9.4 Switch

A switch is an electrical component that can connect or disconnect the flow of

current in an electrical circuit.

LED

Figure 9.5 LED

 38

LED or Light-Emitting Diode is a semiconductor device that illuminates when

an electrical current flows through it. Light is produced when the electrons and holes

combine together with semiconductor material.

5V Boost Step-up Power Module

Figure 9.6 5V Boost Step-up Power Module

5v Boost Step-up Power Module is commonly used in electronics experiments,

it is a DC-to-DC power converter. The module is stepping up the voltage from its

input to its output, while stepping down the current. It converts a 0.9 ~ 5v power

source to regulate into 5V, making it capable of supplying power to an Arduino

microcontroller and other small electronic devices that use a 5V input.

Speaker
 39

Figure 9.7 Speaker

Speaker is a type of transducer device that converts electric signals into audible

sound signals, it can be determined by either active or passive. Speaker can be

categorized into several types, it includes Dynamic, Subwoofer, Horn, Electrostatic

and Planar-magnetic.

Arduino UNO

Figure 9.8 Arduino UNO Board

Arduino UNO is the first series in a series of USB-based Arduino boards. It is

an open-source microcontroller board that is easy and flexible to use in a program

which can be integrated into various electronic projects. The microcontroller board is

based on ATmega328p and has 14 digital input/output pins.

SD Card Module
 40

Figure 9.9 SD Card Module

The SD Card Module, also called Micro SD Adaptor Module interfacing

within the SPI communication protocol is utilized for data logging such as reading and

writing with a microcontroller, wherein the SD Library gives the functions for easily

write in and read from the SD Card.

Plastic Enclosure

Figure 9.10 Plastic Enclosure

It is used to store electric and electronic devices to secure internal equipment

from the external environment and it also help protect against direct contact with

internal equipment.

Bending Solar Panel 6v 1 watts

 41

Figure 9.11 Bending Solar Panel

Is a lightweight, waterproof, that is designed for long term outdoor use in any

environment.A solar panel is actually a collection of solar (or photovoltaic) cells,

which can be used to generate electricity through photovoltaic effect.

12V Mini Horn Siren

Figure 9.12 12V Mini-horn Siren

It is a 110 dB alarming horn with a sound alarming system to avoid breaking in

burglars or thieves and build a protection for home and valuables. It is made of

premium plastic and metal materials.

Binder Clip
 42

Figure 9.13 Binder Clip

A binder clip, also known as a paper clamp, bobby clip or clasp is a simple tool

for binding sheets of paper together. It leaves the paper intact and can be removed

quickly and easily.

Hall Effect Sensor (3144)

Figure 9.14 Hall Effect Sensor

It is an integrated Hall effect non-latching sensor that holds a magnet near the

sensor causing the output pin to toggle. This makes for a robust presence sensor. A

reed sensor also works nicely, but can be limited by the glass encapsulation and size.

16x 2 LCD Display Module

Figure 9.15 LCD Display Module

 43

It is a 16-pin device that has 2 rows that can accommodate 16 characters each.

LCD 16x2 can be used in 4-bit mode or 8-bit mode. It has 8 data lines and 3 control

lines that can be used for control purposes.

Solid Wires

Figure 9.16 Solid Wires

It is heavier, thicker than stranded wire. It is also resistant to weather, extreme

environmental conditions, and frequent movement. It is often used for carrying high

currents throughout building infrastructure, vehicle controls, and various outdoor

applications.

Stranded Wires

Figure 9.17 Stranded Wires

 44

Are thin, bundled wires compressed and insulated with non-conductive

materials. It is more flexible, making it ideal for connecting electronic components in

cramped spaces or for twisting and bending to fit intricate geometries.

Electrical Connector

Figure 9.18 Electrical Connector

It is an electromechanical device used to create an electrical connection

between parts of an electrical circuit, or between different electrical circuits, joining

them into a larger circuit.

Loctite Super Glue

 45

Figure 9.19 Loctite Super Glue

It contains patented additive that creates a stronger hold than ordinary glues, it

is ideal for bonding metal and a variety of porous and non-porous surfaces.

Helmet

Figure 9.20 Helmet

A motorcycle helmet covers the part of the head from the forehead to the back

of the neck and ears. Its primary function is to protect your head in the event of impact

or abrasion and to prevent penetration from outside objects, such as rocks, insects. It

also uses retention system/chin strap to secured below the chin to keep the helmet on

the head while riding.

Magnet
 46

Figure 9.21 Magnet

An object that generates a magnetic field around them, it attracts opposite

poles and repel the same pole. It has three types, the permanent magnet

Project Testing and Evaluation

Monitoring and Warning System

Researchers test the monitoring and warning system through calculating the

rpm of the motorcycle and converting it into kph. The hall effect sensor and magnet is

attached into the wheel of motorcycle to measure the rpm. They test the system if it

warns on a specific speed limit and if it displays the speed of the motorcycle on the

LCD.

Through the rpm, the speed and distance travelled of the motorcycle will know

and to convert the rpm to kph, diameter of the wheel must be known.

In the evaluation of the researchers for the performance of the monitoring and

warning system, to get the speed, the sensor must be attached properly and aligned

closely to the magnet.

Anti-Theft System

The researchers built a DIY anti-theft and to test if it is functioning the

researchers use wires and binder clip. If the wires in the binder clip stick together, the
 47

horn siren will be triggered creating loud sound indicating that the helmet is stolen.

They use a 12V battery to be able for the horn siren to produced sound.

Based on the performance of the DIY anti-theft, for it to function properly the

wires should be placed properly on the clamp.

Charging

For the testing of the solar power the researchers used LED as an indicator if

the solar panel is working.

As for the testing of lithium battery, the researchers use multi-tester to test if

the voltage of the battery is receiving charge from the sun through the solar panel. The

researchers also used diode to prevent current flows back from battery to solar panel.

Researcher evaluates its performances based on its capacity and

capability to receive energy or current from the sunlight. The angular of light is

associated with the power output of the solar panel, as the light rotates away from the

solar panel the LED gets dimmer.

Performance Measurement

Monitoring and Warning System

According to the test, to measure the RPM we have to stick a small piece of

magnet onto the wheel of the vehicle, each time the magnet crosses the hall sensor it

will detect and sends the information to the Arduino. An interrupt will be received by

the Arduino each time the magnet is detected. We run a continuous timer by using
 48

millis() function and calculate the time taken for the wheel to complete two rotations

(to minimize error) by using the below formula: Timetaken = millis() – pevtime; Once

we know the time taken we can calculate the rpm by using the below formula: rpm =

(1000/timetaken) * 60; Where (1000/timetaken) gives the rps (Revolutions per

second) and it is multiplied by 60 to convert rps to rpm (Revolutions per minute).

Then rpm will convert into kph to know the speed, the formula is:

speed=rpm*0.1885*diameter of the wheel.

Charging Performance

According to this test, in order for the solar panel to charge the lithium battery,

the output charge have specific percentage output depends on the angle of the solar

panel to the sun or vice versa. The table below shows the equivalent of angle to sun of

solar panel to the output value.

 49

Table 4 Percentage Output of Solar Panel

 50

Chapter 5

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions

The researchers concluded the following:

 With the use of Hall effect sensor and magnet the speed of the wheel can be

obtained. The RPM (revolution per minute) of the wheel will be convert it into

kph (kilometers per hour).

 Based on the gathered data from the survey the device is effective. Using the

weighted mean formula the total weighted mean is 4.4693 with the verbal

interpretation of effective.

 Despite the fact that this study deals with a potentially dangerous

circumstance, the researchers have concluded that installing various electronic

components in a helmet and connecting this device via wire, poses no risk.

 The safety motorcycle helmet with voice warning system is indeed for the

safeness of motorcycle riders in order for them to lessen the possibility to be

engaged in speeding accidents due to negligence of their speed.

 51

Recommendations

Based on the researcher’s current prototype, the following statements are

recommended:

 Future researchers can use a readily built anti-theft.

 Future study should use wireless sensors to automatically connect the sensors

to the Arduino.

 In coming studies use more powerful battery to make the operation last longer.
 52

Summary of Evaluation

Figure 10.0 Percentage of Respondents who are using Helmet

Figure 10.1 Percentage of Respondents who got speeding ticket

Figure 10.2 Respondents’ reason for over-speeding

 53

Figure 10.3 Percentage of respondents who got into accidents

Figure 10.4 Percentage of Respondents who tried warning device

 54

Figure 10.5 Frequency of respondents answer in each question under Awareness

Figure 10.5 Frequency of respondents answer in each question under Effectiveness

Figure 10.5 Frequency of respondents answer in each question under Participation

 55

The result of the study based on the constructed survey questions, under

awareness the total weighted mean is four point six thousand ninety-five (4.6895)

which is strongly agree, this implies that the respondents are aware of the safeness of

using helmet, sensors and the safeness of following the speed limit. For effectiveness

four point four thousand six hundred ninety-three (4.4693) was computed which is

effective, it implies that the respondents agree that with the development of the

device road accidents can be prevented. For participation four point six thousand

eight hundred eighty-six (4.6886) was computed which is strongly agree, this implies

that the respondents are willing to use the device upon development. This means that

with the development of the safety motorcycle helmet the road accidents caused by

over-speeding can be lessen or prevented.

 56

Table 5.0 Weighted Mean in each question under Awareness

Table 5.1 Weighted Mean in each question under Effectiveness

 57

Table 5.2 Weighted Mean in each question under Participation

According to the survey results, using weighted mean the method total

weighted mean of the questions under awareness is 4.6895 with the verbal

interpretation of strongly agree.Using the same method under effectiveness questions,

the total is 4.4693 with the verbal interpretation of effective. And for participation the

total is 4.6886 with the verbal interpretation of strongly agree was computed using the

same method.
 xii

APPENDIX A
Letter of Intent
January 14,2022

Dear Ms/Mr,

Good day!

We are students of Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering at the

Bestlink College of the Philippines and are presently conducting a research paper

entitled "Design and Development of Solar-powered Safety Motorcycle Helmet with

Voice Warning System"

In this regard, we are seeking your consent to request your participation by

answering our questionnaire Rest assured that all information derived here in will be

treated with outmost confidentiality.

Thank you very much and God bless.

Yours sincerely,

Alexander N. Ceballos

Jerwin R. Dela Cruz

Jimboy P. Estil

Mary Joy B. Matira

Miles T. Mimay

Noted by:

Doc. Ronaldo Tinio

Dean
 xiii

APPENDIX B
Survey Questionnaire

Questionnaire on SOLAR-POWERED MOTORCYCLE HELMET WITH

VOICE WARNING SYSTEM.

A.

NAME: (Optional)_______________________________
Age: _____ 20 years old & below _____ 40 - 49 years old
_____ 21 - 29 years old _____ 50 years old& above
_____ 30 - 39 years old
Gender: _____ Male _____ Female
Civil Status: _____ Single _____ Married
Occupation: _____
Directions: Choose your answer

1. Do you use helmet?

_ Yes _ No

2. Have you ever gotten a speeding ticket?

_ Yes _No

3. If your answer to the previous question is Yes, what is your reason for

speeding?

_ I am late

_ I enjoy passing people and driving fast

 xiv

_ I am not aware that I am over speeding

_ I don’t know, I just do!

4. Have you been in any accident due to over speeding?

_ Yes _ No

5. Have you tried using any speed limiting or warning device?

_ Yes _ No

B. AWARENESS

In a scale of 1 to 5, place a check in a box that corresponds to your score.

5 = Strongly Agree 2 = Disagree

4 = Agree 1 = Strongly Disagree

3 = Neutral

5 4 3 2 1

1. Safeness of using motorcycle helmet

2. Drive under the speed limit makes you feel in

control

3. Use of voice warning system to avoid over-

speeding

4. Importance of speed limiter to monitor speed

5. Importance of anti-theft feature in vehicles to

keep your vehicle safe
 xv

C. EFFECTIVENESS

In a scale of 1 to 5, place a check in a box that corresponds to your score.

5 = Highly Effective 2 = Ineffective

4 = Effective 1 = Highly Ineffective

3 = Neutral

5 4 3 2 1

1. Voice Warning System helps lessen the speed

of the rider

2. Safety Motorcycle Helmet reduces the

expenses of the consumers since it is energy
efficient.

3. The device warns if you reach the speed limit

(60 kph, 80kph, 100kph)

4. The device warning system will be triggered

when the helmet was removed.

5. The warning system's audio is audible for

riders while riding

6. The LCD screen display is readable for the

back-riders.

D. PARTICIPATION

In a scale of 1 to 5, place a check in a box that corresponds to your score.

5 = Strongly Agree 2 = Disagree

4 = Agree 1 = Strongly Disagree

3 = Neutral
 xvi
5 4 3 2 1

1. The Safety Motorcycle Helmet is useful for

the motorcycle riders.

2. It can help lessen the number of road

accidents due to over speeding

3. The Safety Motorcycle Helmet is

convenient to use

4. With the help of anti-theft feature installed

in the device the device protects the
motorcycle helmet from possible theft

5. I find the various features of the motorcycle

helmet useful

6. As a rider, I will use this device

 xvii

APPENDIX E

CODES

#include <SD.h>

#defineSD_ChipSelectPin 10

#include <TMRpcm.h>

#include <SPI.h>

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>

#define DISPLAY_W 16

TMRpcm tmrpcm;

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,DISPLAY_W,2); // set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16

chars and 2 line display

//SDA is Analog pin 4 on UNO

//SCL is Analog pin 5 on UNO

float speed;

float revolutions=0;

int rpm=0; // max value 32,767 16 bit

long startTime=0;

long elapsedTime;
 xviii

float spk = 9;

void setup() {

tmrpcm.speakerPin=9; /////////

pinMode(2, INPUT_PULLUP); // set pin to input

lcd.init();

lcd.backlight();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

Serial.begin(9600);

if(!SD.begin(SD_ChipSelectPin)) {

Serial.println("SD fail");

return;

void loop() {

revolutions=0; rpm=0;

startTime=millis();

attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(2),interruptFunction,FALLING);

delay(1000);

detachInterrupt(2);
 xix

//now let's see how many counts we've had from the hall effect sensor and calc the

RPM

elapsedTime=millis()-startTime; //finds the time, should be very close to 1 sec

if(revolutions>0) {

rpm=(max(1, revolutions) * 60000) / elapsedTime; //calculates rpm

speed = rpm * 0.1885 * 0.508; //Diameter of the wheel

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

String outMsg = String("kph :") + speed;

fillMessage2DisplayWidth(outMsg);

lcd.print(outMsg);

Serial.println(outMsg);

if (rpm>=200 && rpm<=250) // 1st pin {

digitalWrite(spk, HIGH);

tmrpcm.setVolume(6);

tmrpcm.play("LA.wav");

delay(100);

if (rpm>=251 && rpm<=300) // 2nd pin {

digitalWrite(spk, HIGH);
 xx

tmrpcm.setVolume(6);

tmrpcm.play("TI.wav");

delay(100);

if (rpm>=301 && rpm<=400) // 3Rd pin

digitalWrite(spk, HIGH);

tmrpcm.setVolume(6);

tmrpcm.play("DO.wav");

delay(100); }

void interruptFunction() //interrupt service routine {

revolutions++; }

void fillMessage2DisplayWidth(String & message) {

if(message.length()<DISPLAY_W+1) {

while(message.length()<DISPLAY_W) {

message+=" "; }

return;

//message is too wide for 1 line of the display, truncate it

message = message.substring(0, DISPLAY_W-1);

}
 xxi

CURRICULUM VITAE
 xxii

JIMBOY P. ESTIL

Kalye 7, Lawang Bato, Valenzuela City

Mobile No.: 09982349368
Email Address: estiljimboy@gmail.com

______________________________________________

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: : February 17,2000s
Place of Birth: : Manila
Gender: : Male
Civil Status: : Single
Citizenship: : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Height : 5’6

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary : Bestlink College of the Philippines
Quezon City
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
2018-Present
Secondary : Microsystem College Foundation
Senior High School
TVL
Daet
 xxiii

2016-2018
Gonzales Ascutia National Highschool
Junior High School
Santa Cruz, Talisay, Camarines Norte
2012-2016

REFERENCE

 RONALDO S. TINIO, PH. DTE

CASE Dean – Bestlink College of the Philippines
09764598130

 JOLLY A. MIGUEL, Ed. D

Dean – Bestlink College of the Philippines
09285537618
 xxiv

MARY JOY B. MATIRA

Phase 7B, Bagong Silang, Caloocan City
Mobile No.: 09452164599
Email Address: maryjoymatira28@gmail.com

______________________________________________

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: : December 26,1999
Place of Birth: : Bukal, Taysan, Batangas
Gender: : Female
Civil Status: : Single
Citizenship: : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Height : 5’

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary : Bestlink College of the Philippines
Quezon City
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
2018-Present

Secondary : Taysan Senior High School

Senior High School
STEM
 xxv

Mahanadiong, Taysan, Batangas

2016-2018
Tilambo National High School
Junior High School
Tilambo, Taysan, Batangas
2012-2016

REFERENCE

 RONALDO S. TINIO, PH. DTE

CASE Dean – Bestlink College of the Philippines
09764598130

 JOLLY A. MIGUEL, Ed. D

Dean – Bestlink College of the Philippines
09285537618
 xxvi

JERWIN R. DELA CRUZ

Good Harvest Subd., Camarin, Caloocan City

Mobile No.: 09060869570
Email Address: jrwndelacruz28@gmail.com

______________________________________________

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: : July 7,1999
Place of Birth: : Candelaria, Quezon
Gender: : Male
Civil Status: : Single
Citizenship: : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Height : 5’11

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary : Bestlink College of the Philippines
Quezon City
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
2018-Present
Secondary : Bestlink College of the Philippines
Quezon City
Senior High School
 xxvii

STEM
2016-2018
Bagumbong High School
Junior High School
Bagumbong, Caloocan City
2012-2016

REFERENCE

 RONALDO S. TINIO, PH. DTE

CASE Dean – Bestlink College of the Philippines

09764598130

 JOLLY A. MIGUEL, Ed. D

Dean – Bestlink College of the Philippines

09285537618
 xxviii

ALEXANDER N. CEBALLOS

BLK 22 LOT 38 Topaz Street,

Citation Homes Meycauayan Bulacan

Contact No.: 09755147330

Email Add.: Alexandernietesceballos@gmail.com

______________________________________________

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: : May 3, 2000
Place of Birth: : Quezon City, Metro Manila
Gender: : Male
Civil Status: : Single
Citizenship: : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
Height : 5’4

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Tertiary : Bestlink College of the Philippines
Quezon City
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
2018-Present

Secondary : Metro Manila College

Quezon City
 xxix

Senior High School

STEM

2016-2018

Deparo High School

Junior High School

Deparo, Caloocan City

2012-2016

REFERENCE

 AL RENZ N. CEBALLOS

Machine Operator – Centro Manufacturing Corp.

09169604624

 RONALDO S. TINIO, PH. DTE

CASE Dean – Bestlink College of the Philippines

09764598130

 JOLLY A. MIGUEL, Ed. D

Dean – Bestlink College of the Philippines

09285537618
 xxx

MILES T. MIMAY
Maligaya Park Subd.
Pasong Putik Proper, Quezon City
Contact no.: 639196022256
Email Address: mimaymilest@gmail.com

______________________________________________

PERSONAL DATA
Date of Birth: : July 26, 2000

Place of Birth: : Candaba, Pampanga

Gender: : Male

Civil Status: : Single

Citizenship: : Filipino

Religion : Roman Catholic

Height : 5’2

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary : Bestlink College of the Philippines

Quezon City

Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering

2018-Present
 xxxi

Secondary : The Sisters of Mary of Banneux, Inc.

Biga II, Silang Cavite

Senior High School

TVL

2016-2018

The Sisters of Mary of Banneux, Inc.

Junior High School

Biga II, Silang Cavite

2012 -2016

REFERENCE

 RONALDO S. TINIO, PH. DTE

CASE Dean – Bestlink College of the Philippines
09764598130

 JOLLY A. MIGUEL, Ed. D

Dean – Bestlink College of the Philippines
09285537618
 xxxii

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