1

GARBAGE MANAGEMENT OF CREW IN LOCAL PASSENGER

VESSELS

A Research Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the

University of Cebu - Maritime Education and Training Center

Cebu City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfilment

of the Requirements for the Subject

Research 102

By

D/C Ragasi, Michael E.

D/C Mansubre, Ej

D/C Sablada, Elezier Estrada

D/C Nable, Adrian

D/C Cuevas, Cris Deneil A.

June 2023
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APPROVAL SHEET

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of

Science in Marine Transportation, this research entitled “Garbage Management
of Crew in Local Passenger Vessels”, prepared and submitted by D/C Ragasi,
Michael E, D/C Nable, Adrian, D/C Mansubre Ej, D/C Sablada, Elezier
Estrada, and D/C Cuevas, Cris Deneil A. .has been examined, accepted, and
approved for PROPOSAL HEARING/FINAL EXAMINATION.

Nelia D. E Lama, MALL,

Adviser

ACCEPTED AS partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor

of Science in Marine Transportation.

APPROVED by the tribunal on Oral Examination with the grade of PASSED.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Chairman

Member 1 Member 2

C/M GUILLERMO DILUVIO Jr.

Program Research Coordinator

CAPT. GERRY D. ENJAMBRE ALVIN D. ZAMORA, EdD

Dean, College of Maritime Education Research Director

Date:
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their gratitude and appreciation to

those who helped and supported the succession and make this study into reality.

To the Lord, our God, who is always there to aid us regarding our stress

levels and give us good health in accomplishing this task.

To our parents who assisted us in our financial needs to complete this work.

Additionally, to our research teacher, Ms. Nella E. Lama, for giving us her words

of wisdom that guide us through our hardships in becoming better researchers.

To the respondents who are honest in answering each of the items in our

questionnaire.

Finally, to the members of the group who never stop complying with their

assigned task to give the required information about the Garbage Management of

Crew in Local Passenger Vessels.

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ABSTRACT

Title: Garbage Management of Crew in Local Passenger

Vessel

Researchers: D/C Ragasi, Michael E.

D/C Nable, Adrian

D/C Mansubre, Ej

D/C Sablada, Elezier Estrada

D/C Cuevas, Cris Deneil A.

Degree: Bachelor of Science in Maritime Transportation

School: University of Cebu- Maritime Education and Training Center

Adviser: Nelia D. E. Lama, MALL

Date Completed:

This study sought to identify the garbage management of crews onboard

local passenger ships. This utilized a descriptive survey method to the crew of the

deck and engine department as respondents of the study. They were those who

were undergoing training at the UC METC Training Center and finished their

apprenticeship on board. They were chosen through a purposive sampling

technique. A validated researcher-made questionnaire was used in the study.

The researchers found out that that there is high management of garbage on

board local vessels based on the different areas of focus in the study. Policies and
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procedures have been strictly observed although garbage disposal and garbage

storage were found to be of least highly managed which means that there is a need

to put more effort since this is crucially adding to pollution in marine and

surrounding environment.

Keywords: Garbage Minimization, Garbage Processing, Garbage Collection, Garbage

Disposal, Garbage Storage

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE
Title Page 1

Approval Sheet 2

Acknowledgement 4

Abstract 5

Table of Contents 7

List of Figure
List of Tables

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Rationale 10

Theoretical Background 14

THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem 24

Significance of the Study 25

THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design 27

Research Environment 28

Research Respondents 28
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Research Instruments 29

Research Procedure 30

Research Ethics 30

Data Gathering 30

Treatment of Data 31

Weighted Mean 32

DEFINITION OF TERMS 33

CHAPTER 2

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data 34

CHAPTER 3
Summary and findings 39

Conclusion 39

Recommendation 40

REFERENCES 41

APPENDICES

Transmittal Letters

A.Transmittal to Dean 43

Transmittal to the Respondents 45

B. Research Instrument 46

C. Location Map 48
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D. Grammarly Certificate 49

E. Instrument Validation certificate

E. ERB Certificate 50

F. Certificate of Research Instrument Reliability 52

CURRICULUM VITAE 53
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LIST OF FIGURES
Description

Figure 1: Research Flow 27

Figure 2: Research Environmental Map 48

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Garbage Minimization 34

Table 2: Garbage Collection 35

Table 3: Garbage Storage 36

Table 4: Garbage Processing 37

Table 5: Garbage Disposal 38

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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

A garbage management system is the strategy an organization uses to

dispose, reduce, reuse, and prevent garbage. Garbage means all kinds of food

wastes, domestic wastes and operational wastes, all plastics, cargos residues,

incinerator ashes, cooking oil, fishing gear, and animal carcasses generated during

the normal operation of the ship and liable to be disposed of continuously or

periodically except those substances which are defined or listed in other Annexes

to the present Convention.

The Garbage Management Plan is a complete guideline which comprises a

written procedure for collecting, storing, processing, and disposing of garbage

generated onboard ship as per regulations provided in Annex V in MARPOL. A

Garbage Management Plan should be prepared early in the design process for new

buildings to adjust space, equipment, and needs accordingly. According to

MARPOL 73/78 wastes must be collected by the port reception facilities all around

the world. The port reception facility must be able to receive dirty oil and other

contaminants, and provide quick and efficient services. Therefore, port reception

facilities (IMO, 2014) are places that must provide to collect residues, oily

mixtures and garbage generated from ocean-going vessels which is mandated by

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MARPOL 73/78 that the states party to this convention must have such facilities at

their ports. The handling and storing of garbage will vary depending on the type of

vessel, areas of operation, number of people on board, etc. Careful planning, with

proper processing and garbage disposal options in mind, can ensure compliance

with regulations as well as efficient waste management.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) requires that Every ship of

100 gross tonnage (instead of 400 GT required by the superseded MARPOL

Annex V) and above, and every ship which is certified to carry 15 or more persons,

shall carry a garbage management plan (based on IMO Guidelines MEPC.220(63)

and in working language of the crew) containing procedures on garbage

minimization, garbage collection, garbage storage, garbage processing, and

garbage disposal including the use of the equipment on board.

Waste generation is inseparably connected with the transport process,

resulting from the operation of the means of transport, and is associated with the

crew and, in the case of ships adapted for this, passengers. For this reason, some of

the largest waste generators are cruise ships and ferries, which carry a large

number of passengers.

According to the most recent data, in 2016, Cruise Lines International

Association (CLIA) estimated 24.2 million passengers at a global level, while the

number is expected to grow in 2017 to 25.3 million, and in 2018 to 27.2 million
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passengers. This is due to increased quality of life and high rates of resource

consumption patterns. Cities and shipping industries are currently battling issues

related to increasing garbage quantities, associated costs, disposal technologies and

procedures, and garbage's effects on the local and global environment.

Garbage waste remains a major challenge in the Philippines especially in

urban areas like Metro Manila. Improper garbage disposal, inefficient waste

collection and lack of disposal facilities are among the dominant concerns in the

country’s garbage management. Unless these are addressed, the garbage generated

from various sources will continually lead to health hazards and serious

environmental impacts such as ground and surface water contamination, flooding,

air pollution and spread of diseases.

Metro Manila generates over 10,000 tons of garbage waste every day, and

this is expected to double by 2030. A sizable proportion of the refuse is openly

burned, further worsening the quality of the city’s already heavily polluted air, or

dumped in rivers, creeks and Manila Bay. Moreover, this kind of problem is still

currently experienced whether onboard or on land. This problem would not end if

improper garbage management still continues to perpetrate.

This research was focused on the garbage management of crews in local

passenger vessels, owing to the fact that vessels accommodated passengers and

those passengers were accompanied by their stuff in which some of them could end
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up garbage that has been thrown inappropriately around the vessel. This research

aimed to propose a systematic approach to the disposal and control of garbage in

the marine environment to ensure the safety of the passengers from any hazardous

materials by means of knowing and understanding how important garbage

management is.
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Theoretical Background

This study is anchored on Garbage Management Theory of Pongrácz1 &

Keiski, (2004) which states that trash management expects to keep garbage from

harming human health and the environment. Building a sustainable garbage

management agenda requires using the right concept of garbage.

Garbage management is a cross-cutting issue impacting on many aspects of

society and the economy. It has strong linkages to a range of other global

challenges such as health, climate change, poverty reduction, food and resource

security and sustainable production and consumption.

Wastes could be defined as substances or objects disposed of or to be

disposed of or are required to be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of

national and international legislations. Ship waste is all wastes (Delft, 2017), non-

hazardous and hazardous that has occurred during ship navigation, as well as the

wastes being transported by cargo vessels.

In general, Garbage includes all kinds of food, domestic and operational

waste excluding fresh fish and parts thereof, generated during the normal operation

of the vessel and liable to be disposed of continuously or periodically except those

substances which are defined or listed in other annexes to MARPOL 73/78 (such

as oil, sewage or noxious liquid substances) .The wastes generated by the shipping
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operation are internationally categorized by different annexes of MARPOL 73/78

where the provision of reception facilities has also been discussed (Djadjev, 2015).

Perception and attitude influence waste disposal practices. Barnhart and

Oyedotun et al. [observe that perception relates to the state of being aware of

something through the senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch/feeling.

Though it may be subjective, perception enables people to react to a situation or

phenomenon since it influences understanding, interpretation, impression, and

viewpoint regarding how individuals see things, which suggest awareness,

knowledge, belief, and expectations.

As noted by Gyankumah , efforts to address solid waste disposal challenges

in developing countries have failed due to the negative perception people have

regarding garbage disposal. In other theory, according to Wynne, Andrew

L(2016),Improper solid waste management practices are harmful to riverine and

coastal ecosystems.

According to Erick Brent Francisco, a content writer and researcher for

Safety Culture since 2018. A garbage management system is the strategy an

organization uses to dispose, reduce, reuse, and prevent waste. Possible waste

disposal methods are recycling, composting, incineration, landfills, bioremediation,

waste to energy, and waste minimization. As for waste management, it is the

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measures utilized to manage waste in its entire life cycle, from waste generation to

disposal or recovery.

In the Philippines, the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (Republic

Act No. 9003) decentralized the management structure and mandated Local

Government Units (LGUs) to adopt new integrated solid waste management

(SWM) plans. However, LGUs often lack the capacity, understanding, and

enforcement authority for effective SWM. With minimal SWM awareness leading

to socio-economic and environmental problems, alternative management

approaches may be effective.

Moreover, according to Zacho, Kristina O., and Mette A. Mosgaard(2016),

Local garbage management has so far been characterized by end-of-pipe solutions,

landfilling, incineration, and recycling. End-of-pipe solutions build on a different

mind-set than life cycle-based approaches, and for this reason, local garbage

managers are reluctant to consider strategies for garbage prevention. To accelerate

the transition of garbage and resource management towards a more integrated

management, garbage prevention needs to play a larger role in the garbage

management.

According to Santa Cruz(2022),Garbage Minimization is reduction in the

quantity of hazardous garbage achieved through a conscientious application of

innovative or alternative procedures. Simple adjustments to a process producing

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wastes (e.g. a teaching lab experiment, a vehicle cleaning operation, etc.) may be

the only requirement to achieve some results.

However, looking at the broader picture in the University environment, it is

often difficult to recognize garbage reductions due to the complex and changing

growth patterns within the campus community. Reductions are often offset by

increased staff and student growth and/or building construction. Garbage

minimization often results in cost minimization. However, it is not uncommon to

devise techniques to minimize costs without a corresponding reduction in garbage

quantities. For example, proper segregation of garbage will reduce disposal fees

but only because these quantities are reassigned to more appropriate garbage

streams for cost effective disposal/treatment off site. While this is not technically

garbage minimization, it is still a beneficial process.

The United States Navy and Coast Guard have been developing a set of

standards designed to minimize the discharge of shipboard pollutants into the sea,

under the heading “Uniform National Discharge Standards” or UNDS. The UNDS

project has compiled an impressive list of the various types of waste-water

discharges produced by ships and this list forms a useful checklist for analysis of

any project, civilian or military.

According to Jiayi Zhang(2021)Due to improper garbage disposal and

management, society is facing environmental contamination problems which

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directly affect human beings. Garbage separation is also a difficult task for the

workers. People are not aware of these problems and do not dispose of the garbage

at proper places which leads to garbage accumulation at public places.

So, to encourage people for proper garbage disposal this paper deals with the

concept which will provide a platform to dispose of garbage in a more scientific

and user-friendly way. In return they will be rewarded in a cashless manner

through means of digital payments and free coupons etc. The nature (wet or dry)

and weight of garbage disposed in the machine will be sensed for segregating it in

two sections. The user will be rewarded according to the weight of garbage. Flow

of the operations will be programmed in Arduino Uno microcontroller, sensors,

and GSM technology. This system leads to collection and segregation of waste at

one place, for effective recycling and to reduce environmental pollution.

Garbage collection points (receptacles) are to be established at several points

areas such as the galley, pantry, smoke rooms, all cabins, hospital, bridge, laundry,

ships office, ECR, E/R workshop, near the incinerator, purifier room, generator,

paint room, etc. Receptacles are to be made of steel or other non-combustible

material only. Each receptacle must have a metallic lid. They are to be color-coded

( as in the table above) and marked for their content. The size of the receptacles

should reflect the volume and type of waste generated in their vicinity.
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The garbage storage room should be well ventilated, and the temperature

and humidity controlled. A sealed, refrigerated space must be used for storing wet

garbage. The space needs to meet the same criteria for cold storage facilities for

food. The room must be of adequate size to hold unprocessed waste for the longest

expected period when off-loading of waste is not possible and must be separated

from all food preparation and storage areas.

In compliance with the garbage management policy, the Chief Officer

requires the segregation of garbage with a view to the following:

● Immediate disposal , in accordance with MARPOL

● Retention, until the ship has cleared a restricted area

● Incineration

● Compacting

● Special attention ,i.e., batteries, chemicals, medical waste etc.

● Recycling

● Long term storage

The Chief Officer should ensure that all waste is stored safely and

hygienically. Food waste and associated garbage which may decompose during

storage should be sealed in airtight bags (but biodegradable unless being landed)

Disinfection and pest control, both preventive and remedial, should be carried out

regularly in garbage storage areas. It is vital that all garbage is stored in covered,
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leak-proof containers for the sake of hygiene and safety and to avoid a penalty in

port.

Today, these issues are considered to be multifaceted and involve not only

the enterprises but also the corresponding authorities and the population itself. The

experience of the developed countries proves that the use of progressive innovative

technologies in waste management can solve a number of problems in the field of

economy, ecology and public health. To implement such technologies a coherent

action of all participants in the garbage management process is required. The

authorities and enterprises should be clearly coordinated in addressing the

challenges of the development and implementation of low-garbage technologies

(Zotov & Butyrin, 2018). Moreover, it is necessary to raise the level of

environmental knowledge among the population.

Garbage needs to be processed under the Chief Officer's responsibility to ensure

that the waste is segregated into the following categories:-

● Food waste

● Plastics ( including plastics mixed with non-plastic garbage e.g., Tetrapak)

● Cans , metal and glass

● Paper/cloth ( excluding packing material/dunnage )

● Oily Rags / Oily sludge ( to be finally brought near incinerator) and

incinerator ash
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● Hazardous waste, such as pyrotechnics, batteries, lamps, medical waste,

paint, and chemical drums, etc.

● Maintenance waste ( e.g., soot, deck sweeping , scraped paint etc)

According to the "Ship Business" article, The processing devices available

onboard the ships are:

Commuter: Is to be operated by the ships Cook and not to be used in port or

less than 3 miles from the coast (12 miles in Special Areas).

Compactor: Is to be operated by the Messman and is to be used to reduce the

volume of waste.

Incinerator: Is to be operated by the persons designated and trained in its

use. It shall not be used in port and closer to 3 miles from shore. Only oily

waste/sludge is to be incinerated if it is type approved from the classification

society. Also maybe some non-plastic packaging material can be incinerated.

The garbage produced onboard ships needs to be properly disposed of as

stated by the MARPOL Annex V. According to MARPOL Annex V, this garbage

regulation applies to all the ships which are operating in the marine environment,

including merchant ships, fixed or floating platforms, non-commercial ships like

yachts, pleasure crafts, ferries etc. All vessels need to display instructions along

with placards to inform the ship’s crew and passengers regarding disposal

requirements of garbage.
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According to Yoada, R.M., Chirawurah, D. & Adongo, P.B.(2014), garbage

poses a threat to public health and the environment if it is not stored, collected, and

disposed of properly. The perception of waste as an unwanted material with no

intrinsic value has dominated attitudes towards disposal. This study investigates

the domestic garbage practices, garbage disposal, and perceptions about garbage

and health in an urban community.

The garbage produced onboard ships needs to be properly disposed of as

stated by the MARPOL Annex V. Garbage is one of the several reasons which

have been responsible for marine pollution at sea (Raunek, 2020)

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THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

The study determined the garbage managements of crew in local passenger vessels

Specifically, it intended to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of garbage management of crews in local passenger

vessels as to:

1.1. Garbage Minimization;

1.2. Garbage Collection;

1.3. Garbage Storage;

1.4. Garbage Processing; and

1.5. Garbage Disposal?

2. Based on the findings, what suggestions can be proposed?.

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Significance of the Study

The result of the study will benefit the following:

Crews. This paper shares ideas for the current and future shipping crews who

know the idea of how vital and crucial garbage management is on and off the

board. The crews will also develop awareness on what are the possible ways to

further improve and modernize the garbage disposal system in every type of ship to

preserve marine life and protect the welfare of the environment.

Future researchers. This paper shares ideas as well as reference for future

researchers who will show interest in the study of garbage management in shipping

vessels. This research will give them an idea of the up-to-date situation of the

garbage management system of under training crews that have the experience

onboard local vessels at the UC-METC training center.

Local Shipping Companies. This paper shares ideas and helps the local shipping

companies on how garbage management will affect the environment, not only the

sea but also in land, that are involved in the marine industry. To help and improve

the sustainability of marine resources.

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Maritime Training/Upgrading Centers. This paper shares ideas to remind the

maritime training centers to educate both marine and nautical crews about the

positive and negative effects of proper and improper garbage management of the

local shipping vessels.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter described the methodology and procedure applied to achieve

the objectives of this research.

Research Design
This study utilized a descriptive-survey method that determined and

described the garbage management of the local passenger vessels.

Below is the flow of the study:

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Transmittal Letters
Acquisition of
respondents'
informed consent
Garbage Data Gathering
Management of Ethical Recommendations
Crew in Local Considerations
Treatment of Data
Passenger Data Analysis
Vessel Interpretation of
Data
Findings
Conclusion

Figure 1: The Research Flow

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Research Environment

The study was conducted in Cebu, City at the UC-METC training center

located in Mambaling Cebu City, Philippines. Cebu city, also called Queen of the

south. Cebu city is a significant center of commerce, trade, and education in the

Visayas. It is the Philippines primary residential shipping port and is home to about

80% of the country’s domestic shipping companies.

UC-METC is one of the prestigious schools that provides training for crews

of both local and international companies. Training Courses Offered such as Basic

Training (BT); Consolidated MARPOL 73/78, Annexes I-VI, Basic Training for

Oil and Chemical Tanker Cargo Operations (BTOC), among others.

Research Respondents

The researchers used a purposive sampling method to select the respondents

of the study. There were 50 respondents who were apprentice of the Deck and

Engine Department of the local passenger vessels. They are those who are under

training program at UC METC Training Center. Mambaling, Cebu City.

The deck department is responsible for the safe navigation and operation of

the vessel, both at sea and in port. While the engine department is responsible for
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the main propulsion and auxiliary systems, and other mechanical, electrical,

hydraulic, and refrigeration systems, including deck machinery and cargo-handling

equipment. Only crew who are cadets from local passenger vessels such as Ro-Ro

vessels, Medium/Long-Distance Ropax Vessels, Conventional Cargo-passenger

Vessels, Fast craft, Short-distance RoRo Vessels, excluded were crew of

international passenger vessels.

Research Instrument

The instrument used was a validated researcher -made questionnaire to

gather the needed data on garbage management and practices of crew on board

local vessel. The draft of the questionnaire was drawn out based on the

researcher’s readings, and previous studies. In the preparation of the instrument,

the requirements in the designing of good data collection instruments were

considered.

This study used a 5- point scale questionnaire to determine the level of

garbage management on board local passenger vessels as experienced and

observed by the respondents of the study.

Research Procedure
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Gathering of Data. The researchers started the data gathering procedure by

sending a letter to the campus dean which asked permission to conduct the study

inside the University of Cebu- Maritime Education and Training Center campus.

After the approval, respondents were seemingly oriented on the researcher survey

questionnaire through the letter. The letter informed them about the research and

survey instruments and most importantly, the confidentiality of their identity.

The research instrument extracted information on garbage management of

crew in local passenger vessels. Indicators were placed in the questionnaire to

make sure that the questions are answered well, lessening the effort and time

needed. While the respondents were answering the questionnaire, the researchers

were on stand-by for any clarifications regarding the researched instrument. After

answering, the researchers retrieved the questionnaire. The data gathered were

arranged, sifted and classified. It then underwent data treatment and interpretation.

Treatment of Data

The response of the respondents to the questionnaires were carefully tallied,

tabulated and organized including those derived from surveys. The data presented,

and analyzed with the use of frequency and weighted mean

Weighted mean was used for statistical analysis of the data and used to

analyze the level of garbage management on board local vessels. The scoring table

that follows was used on the analysis of data.

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Below is the scoring table and the basis of the interpretation of the statistical mena.

Scoring Table

4.2- 5.0 - Always Very Highly Managed

3.4- 4.9 - Often Highly Managed

2.6- 3.39 - Sometimes Moderately Managed

1.8- 2.59 Rarely Poorly Managed

1.0- 1.79 Never Not Managed at all

Research Ethics

In accordance with the Data Privacy Act of 2012, researchers ensured that

all participants, including panelists, have been given consent forms, which indicate

that any personal information is confidential, and are for research purposes only.

Unless given their consent if their name is to be published or used. The researchers

will also ensure that the participants will be aware of the study and, as to the reason

they will be chosen to be part of it.They will be given the option of backing out in

case any personal reasons occur. The respondents’ answers will be used for
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research purposes only, and no biases or personal feelings must affect the result of

the study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are used in how they are expressed in the study.

Garbage Collection- is a part of the process of garbage management of the local

passenger crew from. This refers to the transfer of solid waste from the point of use

and disposal to the point of treatment onboard.

Garbage Disposal- is a part of the process of garbage management of the local

passenger crew from. This refers to properly disposing of the garbage to avoid

harm on board.

Garbage Management- is a process in which the local passenger crew handles.

This refers to the process of collection, disposal, processing, minimization, and

storage. These are the process crews onboard perform to observe the cleanliness

and environment friendly of the vessels.

Garbage Minimization- is a part of the process of garbage management of the

local passenger crew from. This refers to the process of reducing the amount of
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garbage and provides better usage of materials in ships that could not only be

harmful to passengers but to marine life also.

Garbage Processing- is a part of the garbage management of the local passenger

crew from. This refers to a process of treatment of garbage after it has been

collected from ships and disposed of.

Garbage Storage- is a part of garbage management of the local passenger crew

from. This refers to a process of proper segregation of garbage to store in

containers or tanks temporarily in ships before it is being disposed of.

Crew of local passenger vessels - This term referred to the respondents in the

study, which are Inter- Island seafarers. They are the persons who have been

employed by a ship power to do ship service onboard a local ship.

Local passenger vessels - This refers to the domestic passenger vessels including

Ro-Ro vessels, Medium/Long-Distance Ropax Vessels, Conventional Cargo-

passenger Vessels, Fast craft, Short-distance RoRo Vessels.

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CHAPTER 2

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the data gathered by the researchers from the survey

conducted on “Garbage management of crews in local passenger vessels” is

presented in this segment. This often covers the data collection, analysis, and

description.

TABLE 1
Garbage Minimization of the Crew on Board Local Vessels

STATEMENTS Weighted Verbal Interpretation

mean Description
1.Reuse plastic bottles, and other used materials 4.36 Always Very Highly
into something else useful. Managed
2.Prioritize handing over plastic wastes, glass, 4.34 Always Very Highly
batteries, medical, and oil wastes in shore Managed
garbage facilities.
3.Separate out all items that are recyclable. 4.42 Always Very Highly
Managed
4.Use eco-friendly materials onboard the ship. 4.44 Always Very Highly
Managed
5.Use waste compactors to compress nonfood 4.22 Always Very Highly
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wastes such as plastic wastes, metal wastes Managed

on board.
Very Highly
AGGREGATE MEAN 4.36 Always Managed

Table 1 shows the garbage minimization of the crew in local passenger

vessels. The average weighted mean for this table is 4.36 which is interpreted as

“Very Highly managed”. This means that crews in local passenger areas always

observe garbage minimization properly. Examined deeper into figures in table 1.

The highest weighted mean is statement no. 4 “Use eco-friendly materials onboard

the ship.” and the lowest weighted mean is statement no. 5 “Use waste compactors

to compress nonfood wastes such as plastic wastes, metal wastes on board but it

has the same interpretation of being “very highly managed.”

This reveals that crew in local passenger vessels highly managed the use of

eco-friendly material onboard the ship and use of compactors to compress non-

food waste. Furthermore, crews are aware of minimizing garbage in the vessel by

using eco-friendly materials such as reusable spoons and forks, plates, reusable

bags instead of plastics, etc. and the use of compactors as well.

Generation of waste is an important stage whereby source reduction

strategies can be implemented. However, for effective management there is a

growing interest for waste minimization through reuse and recycling which

necessitates incorporation of waste segregation in the waste management stream

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When done properly, source waste segregation may reduce volumes of waste to be

handled which would ultimately improve the collection and disposal efficiency. In

addition, waste segregation at source may ease handling and processing, enhance

the potential for resource recovery, foster reuse and recycling and reduce

operational costs. (Oberlin, Citation 2013). With an effective recycling program

whereby all the recyclables are taken on board, it is possible to significantly reduce

the volumes of waste. For instance, studies indicate that recycling of e-waste only

(the fastest growing waste stream in the world) is reported to reduce the volumes

of waste significantly (Li et al., Citation 2015; Saphores et al., Citation 2012).

Recycling of plastics wastes, the other large waste stream, is also mentioned to

reduce waste volume (Al-Salem et al., Citation 2009). Waste reuse and recycling

can contribute to income generation and may help to reduce complications in

handling and disposing of huge volumes of solid wastes (Matter et al., Citation

2013; Wilson et al., Citation 2006).

Fortunately, many developed countries are adopting policies to minimize

waste production that aim at sincere initiatives of the waste producers to minimize

the amount of produced waste. This is why it is hoped that one of the major

concerns of the next industrial revolution would be environmental sustainability

(Graham, 2000). However, despite multiple initiatives, waste minimization rate

could not yet reach a safer limit. The World Bank (2019) predicts an increase of
 37

70% waste generation by 2050. It denotes how insufficient co-current waste

minimization initiatives are. Besides, nearly 90% of the solid wastes are dumped

openly without any sort of treatment that contributes to spread deadly diseases,

climate change, land infertility, poverty, urban violence, and many more

unexpected events (World Bank, 2019).

TABLE 2
GARBAGE COLLECTION of the Crew on board Local Vessels

STATEMENTS Weighted Verbal Interpretation

mean Description
1.Separate receptacles according to the 4.36 Always Very Highly
generated procedures for collecting garbage. Managed
2.Clean the garbage containers after each 4.28 Always Very Highly
collection. Managed
3.Recollect the exploitable garbage materials. 4.22 Always Very Highly
Managed
4.Use suitable receptacles for collection and 4.34 Always Very Highly
separation. Managed
5. Keep garbage in the collection and separation 4.54 Always Very Highly
stations. Managed
Always Very Highly
AGGREGATE MEAN 4.35 Managed

As seen in table 2, the data shows the garbage collection of the crew in a

local passenger vessel. The average weighted mean for this table is 4.35 which is
 38

interpreted as “very highly managed” which means that crews in local passenger

areas always observe garbage collection properly. Examined thoroughly into

figures in table 2. The highest weighted mean is statement no. 5 which states about

“keeping garbage in the collection and separation stations” and the lowest

weighted mean is statement no.3 “Recollect the exploitable garbage materials.” but

it has the same interpretation of being very highly managed.

This reveals that crew in local passenger vessels very highly managed from

keeping the garbage in the collection and separation stations and recollecting the

exploitable garbage materials.

Furthermore, it implies that waste products in the vessel are properly

handled and collected to maintain the cleanliness and safety of the passenger.

For centuries, as most land generated waste was discarded in open dumps,

vessel generated garbage was discharged overboard. To do otherwise was to

transport unnecessary weight and to invite the ever present vermin to prosper.

When population density was low and waste consisted primarily of food items and

inert inorganic materials (i.e., metal, glass, or china), the land and sea environment

were used for freely convenient dumps without apparent damage. Indeed, until

recent years it was assumed that discharging garbage into the marine environment

was not harmful because the oceans were so vast that their capacity to absorb
 39

waste was infinite. Discharging waste in the ocean was seen as complementary to

disposal on land (Golberg, 1976).

Lack of waste segregation at source and on the subsequent stages of waste

management has been the main challenge. As a result, collection of waste and

recycling becomes inefficient. Mixing of waste complicates handling and

separation of the recyclables becomes difficult. Lack of recycling denies the

opportunity for waste volume reduction and necessitates a significant proportion of

the generated waste to be collected, transported and disposed of. (Agbefe et al.,

Citation 2019). The use of multiple methods for data collection was meant to

ensure all the possible contradictions are well understood (Phellas et al., Citation

2011). Promotion of waste segregation and recycling practices requires proper

policies and guidelines and their adequate enforcement. Policy options that include

provision of economic incentives for reuse and recycling as highlighted by

scholars, would also suit the purpose (Boonrod et al., Citation 2015; Yau, Citation

2010)

Table 3
Garbage Storage of the Crew on board Local Vessels

STATEMENTS Weighted Verbal Interpretation

mean Description
1. Segregate the garbage on board accordingly( to 4.60 Always Very Highly
recyclable, non recyclable, wet and Managed
Dry garbage, etc.).
 40

2.Separate cans, drums, boxes, bags or other 4.38 Always Very Highly
containers for short term (disposable charge) Managed
and trip long (non-disposable garbage) storage.
3.Properly separate garbage from the food 4.36 Always Very Highly
waste that carry disease or pest from the Managed
garbage that does not.
4.Disinfect and do pest control in garbage 4.32 Always Very Highly
storage areas. Managed
5.Store all garbage in covered, leak-proof 4.32 Always Very Highly
containers. Managed
Always Very Highly
AGGREGATE MEAN 4.40 Managed

Table 3- As reflected in table 3, it showed the garbage storage of the crew in

a local passenger vessel. The average weighted mean for this table is 4.40 which is

interpreted as “very highly managed” means that crews in local passenger areas

always observe garbage storage properly. Examined deeper into figures in table 3.

The highest weighted mean is statement no. 1 “Segregate the garbage onboard

accordingly( to recyclable, non-recyclable, wet and Dry garbage, etc.). and the

lowest weighted mean is both statement no. 4 “Disinfect and do pest control in

garbage storage areas.” Statement no. 5 “Store all garbage in covered, leak-proof.

containers.” but it has the same interpretation of being very highly managed.

This reveals that crew in local passenger vessels highly managed the

Segregating, disinfecting and storing the garbage onboard according to the

recyclable, non-recyclable, wet and dry garbage, etc.

 41

This further implies that crews are highly aware and taking responsibilities

in segregating the garbage properly to avoid any contamination of waste products.

Maintaining the segregation process is the key in achieving the proper garbage

disposal.

Food wastes and other garbage to be delivered to PRF (Port Reception

facilities) and which may carry diseases or pests should be stored in tightly covered

containers and be kept separate from garbage which does not contain such food

wastes. Quarantine arrangements in some countries may require double bagging of

this type of waste. Both types of garbage should be stored in separate clearly

marked containers to avoid incorrect discharge and facilitate proper handling and

treatment on land. Cleaning and disinfecting are both preventative and remedial

pest control methods that should be applied regularly in garbage storage areas

(MEPC, 2012). Ships that generate much food waste (e.g. cruise ships or work

ships) sometimes dry it to reduce its volume and diminish the risk of putrefaction

(Tidy Planet, 2015).

Table 4
Garbage Processing of the Crew on board Local Vessels

STATEMENTS Weighted Verbal Interpretation

mean Description
1.Segregate food wastes, hazardous wastes, 4.30 Always Very Highly
into something else useful plastic wastes Managed
 42

from time to time as a first step on managing

wastes onboard.
2.Follow the special rules on incineration 4.28 Always Very Highly
into something else useful. Managed
3.Use the compactor to reduce the volume 4.25 Always Very Highly
into something else useful for waste. Managed
4.Discharge the garbage at sea in special 4.20 Always Very Highly
into something else useful areas or within 3 Managed
nautical miles from the land.
5.Properly use the equipment onboard such 4.42 Always Very Highly
into something else useful as incinerator, Managed
compactors, comminutors or other devices
for shipboard garbage processing.
AGGREGATE MEAN 4.29 Always Very Highly
Managed

As reflected in table 4 it showed the garbage processing of the crew in local

passenger vessels. The average weighted mean for this table is 4.29 which is

interpreted as “ very highly managed ” means that crews in local passenger areas

often observe garbage processing properly. Examined deeper into figures in table

4. The highest weighted mean is statement no. 5 “Properly use the equipment

onboard such as incinerator, compactors, comminutors or other devices for

shipboard garbage processing.” and the lowest weighted mean is statement no.4

“Discharge the garbage at sea in particular into something else useful areas or

within 3 nautical miles from the land.” but it has the same interpretation of being

very highly managed.

 43

This reveals that crew in local passenger vessels highly managed the proper

use of the equipment onboard such as incinerator, compactors, comminutors or

other devices for shipboard garbage processing as well as observing proper

discharging of garbage at sea within the required area of disposal. Incinerators are

designed for the destruction of wastes and are commonly employed in developed

nations who could afford the costs of the burning facilities, plus its operation and

maintenance (McCracken, 2005).

Incineration has been the choice for developed countries as they have

sufficient financial input and are looking into energy recovery from waste.

(Papageorgiou et al., 2009; Kleiss & Imura, 2006). Some reported that the impacts

from incineration are over-emphasized and the advancing technology had highly

reduced the environmental impacts (Morselli et al., 2008; Hamer, 2003). However,

many of the countries prefer waste minimization compared to waste treatment such

as landfill or incineration. (Bai & Sutanto, 2002; Boyle, 2000). There are negative

issues, however, in the use of this burning method and much of that circulates

around its safety for the environment and to human health. It is argued that the

combustion process creates air pollution, ash, and wastewater, all of which must be

properly managed using technical monitoring, containment, and treatment systems.

Harmful pollutants are released into the environment whenever these by-products
 44

are not controlled. Operators of these facilities must be well-trained and certified to

ensure proper management. (US EPA, 2009).

Table 5
GARBAGE DISPOSAL of the Crew on board Local Vessels

STATEMENTS Weighted Verbal Interpretation

mean Description
1.Dispose of my/our garbage (oil, food 4.22 Always Very Highly
waste,etc) into the sea. Managed
2.Dispose garbage accordingly to its assigned 4.25 Always Very Highly
container. Managed
3.Keep special areas in which garbage disposal 4.34 Always VeryHighly
takes place. Managed
4.Keeply observe the instructions regarding 4.38 Always Very Highly
disposal requirements of garbage. Managed
5. Make arrangements well in advance for 4.48 Always VeryHighly
 45

garbage reception . Managed

Very Highly
AGGREGATE MEAN 4.38 Always Managed

As reflected in table 5 it showed the garbage disposal of the crew in a local

passenger vessel. The average weighted mean for this table is 4.38 which is

interpreted as “very highly managed” means that crews in local passenger areas

always observe garbage disposal properly. Examined deeper into figures in table 5.

The highest weighted mean is statement no. 5 "Make arrangements well in advance

for garbage reception”. And the lowest weighted mean is statement no. 1 “ Dispose

of my/our garbage (oil, food waste,etc) into the sea.” but it has the same

interpretation of being very highly managed.

This reveals that crew in local passenger vessels highly managed the making

of arrangements well in advance for garbage reception before disposing of garbage

at sea. It also implies that crews must make arrangements in advance for garbage

reception so that disposal of waste products will be fulfilled.`

Economics and environmental aspects of waste disposal options are always

the main issue in choosing the right technology (Aye & Widjaya, 2006;

Daskalopoulos et al., 1997) . Recycling or the 3 R's method, which sets off before

waste disposal is waste reduction through recycling or often coined as the 3 R's:
 46

reuse, reduce, recycle (Montgomery, 2000). Improper waste disposal may cause

pollution. The main purpose in implementing best practice for solid waste

management is to prevent pollution. (Morra et al., 2009; Liu & Morton, 1998)

Pollution is a threat to humans and other living organisms . It may also damage the

ecosystem and disrupt the natural cycle and climate on earth. (Raga et al., 2001).

Ocean dumping was a common practice before countries all over the globe

began to ban the activities in the 1980s. (Inanc et al., 2004) Even after the

prohibition, dumping into water bodies persists in the area where waste collection

service is not received. To make it worse, waste previously dumped from ports and

waterways had found its way back to the beaches years after the implementation of

the legislation on ocean dumping. (Duxbury et al., 2000)

Table 6
Summary Table on Garbage management of the Crew on board Local Vessels

STATEMENT AGGREGATE VERBAL INTERPRETATION

MEAN

Table 1 “Garbage 4.36 Always Very Highly managed

Minimization”

Table 2 “ Garbage 4.35 Always Very Highly managed

Collection”

Table 3 “ Garbage 4.40 Always Very Highly managed

Storage”
 47

Table 4 “Garbage 4.29 Always Very Highly managed

Processing”

Table 5 “Garbage 4.33 Always Very Highly managed

Disposal”

TOTAL MEAN 4.34 Always Very Highly managed

Table 6 - As reflected in table 6 it showed the general average of garbage

management of the crew in a local passenger vessel. The total average weighted

mean for this table is 4.34 which is interpreted as “very highly managed” means

that crews in local passenger areas always observe the garbage management

properly onboard the ship. Examined deeper into figures in table 6, The highest

weighted mean is statement no. 3 "Garbage Storage”. and the lowest weighted

mean is statement no. 4 “Garbage Processing” but it has the same interpretation of

being very highly managed.

It implies that among the 5 areas of Garbage Management, “Garbage

Storage” was practically applied by the crews. However, all of them were very

highly managed, which means garbage management in local passenger vessels is

manageable by the crews.

According to Armijo De Vega et al. (Citation 2008) and Donnini Mancini et

al. (Citation 2007), waste reuse, recycling and recovery (RRR), if well planned and

managed, can reduce the amount of waste to be disposed of by up to 65% of the

total waste generated. Literature indicates that waste recovery and reuse also can
 48

yield direct economic benefits (Batool et al., Citation 2008; A. Kumar et al.,

Citation 2017; Li et al., Citation 2015; Zhang et al., Citation 2012) and help in the

protection of public health and environment (A. Kumar et al., Citation 2017;

Saphores et al., Citation 2012)

Chapter 3

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of the study, the findings based on the

treated data, the conclusion and recommendation proposed by the researchers in

regards with garbage management of crews in local passenger vessels.

Summary of Findings
 49

The study aimed to determine the garbage management of crews in local

passenger vessels at UC-METC Training Center. The study used a purposive

sampling method research design. It involved those crews who are in charge of

garbage management. The data gathered were organized and analyzed using

statistical treatment. Simple Percentage and Weighted Mean is used to determine

the garbage management of crews in local passenger vessels. Based on the data

gathered through survey questionnaires, garbage management in passenger vessels

is highly managed and observed. Policies and procedures are strictly observed

which resulted in proper and good management.

It was found out that crews in a passenger vessel are all very highly aware

regarding garbage management. They know how important it is in maintaining the

cleanliness and safety of the passenger in the vessel. Maintaining the proper

management of the garbage in the vessel is very challenging yet, they highly

managed the proper segregation and disposal of the waste products.

Conclusion

Based on the results of this report, It can be concluded that crews from local

passenger vessels had their garbage management very highly managed. They have

strict policies and procedures, their equipment and materials have met the proper

standard resulting in appropriate garbage management. As the researchers

 50

summarize all that has been said, there are no improper practices of crews from

local passenger vessels when it comes to managing the garbage onboard ship.

Therefore, proper management of garbage in local passenger vessels is highly

attainable, thus, it gives a sustainable solution in handling waste products inside

and outside the ship. It also helps the environment and keeps the safety of

passengers.

Recommendations

Based on the results of the study, the researchers recommend the following:

Crews to conduct a better procedure and to better perform the different types of

garbage management by this, it might serve as their reference for further

knowledge about proper garbage management.

Local Shipping Companies to develop a more advanced yet eco-friendly

equipment and materials that can be used for further awareness and accurate

garbage management.

Maritime Training/Upgrading Centers to have awareness and further knowledge

on how to establish and observe the proper garbage management.

For Future Researchers to conduct a thorough and comprehensive analysis of the

proper garbage management of passenger vessels.

 51

REFERENCES

Cruz,U.S.(2022).WasteMinimizationhttps://ehs.ucsc.edu/programs/

wastemanagement/ waste-minimization.html

Embankment , A. (2019). Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships.

https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/4769/chapter/12

J. M. (2021). Fisherfolk’s Perception of and Attitude to Solid Waste Disposal:

Implications for Health, Aquatic Resources, and Sustainable Development.

Ł. A. H. E. W. R. (2021). Collection of Waste from Passenger Ships and Its Impact

on the Functioning of Tourist Port City Świnoujście. Management: defining

key concepts. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 78.

Mosgaard, M. A. (2016). Understanding the role of waste prevention in local waste

management: A literature review

Nichit, V. D., Mate, S. D., & Pardeshi, M. R. (2022). Garbage Collector Machine

Pongrácz, E., Phillips, P. S., & Keiski, R. L. (2004). Evolving the Theory of Waste

Management: defining key concepts. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the

Environment, 78.

R. (2020). A Guide to Handling Garbage on Ships

https://www.emsa.europa.eu/sustainable-ports/port-reception-facilities/

download/4557/4511/23.html
 52

S. C. (2023). Waste Management System: A Guide

https://www.sprep.org/attachments/VirLib/Samoa/national-waste-

management-strategy-2019-2023.pdf

Wynne, A. L., Nieves, P., Vulava, V. M., & Qirko, H. (2017). A community-based

approach to solid waste management for riverine and coastal resource

sustainability in the Philippines.

Yoada, R. M., Chirawurah, D., & Adongo, P. B. (2014). Domestic waste disposal

practice and perceptions of private sector waste management in urban Accra.

BMC public health, 14(1), 1-10.

Zotov, V., & Butyrin, A. (2018). Processing of solid waste for the improvement of

the urban environment. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 193, p.

02014). EDP Sciences.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/waste-

minmisation

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/27658511.2021.1935532

https://youthsofnewgeneration.weebly.com/chapter-2-related-literature.html
 53

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A-2
Transmittal Letter to the Dean

January 2023

Capt. Gerry Enjambre

Dean of Maritime Education
University of Cebu-METC

Through: Engr. Allan Navarro

Gen. Ed Chairperson
UCMETC

Dear Capt. Enjambre:

Greetings!

Our group is currently enrolled in Research 102 (Thesis Writing) at the University
of Cebu- METC, and we are in the process of making our thesis entitled, "Garbage
 54

Management of Crew in local Passenger Vessel (UC METC Training Center)" as a

requirement of the subject.
We are humble, requesting your good office to allow us to conduct a study in
school.
Your positive response is a major help for us toward success.

Respectfully yours,

D/C Ragasi, Michael E.

Lead Researcher

Noted by:
Nelia D. Lama, MALL Engr. Allan R. Navarro
Research 101 Adviser Gen. Ed Chairperson

Approved by:
Capt. Gerry Enjambre
Dean of Maritime Education

APPENDIX A-6
Transmittal Letter to Respondents

January, 2023

Dear Respondents,

Greetings!

Our group is currently enrolled in Research 102 "Thesis writing" at the University
of Cebu- METC, and we are in the furtherance of conducting our research entitled
"Garbage Management of Crew in local Passenger Vessel (UC METC Training
Center)" as a requirement of the subject.

Your honest participation is a significant help to the success of this research. The
realization of this study will benefit not only us but also the Vessel Crew.

Furthermore, information gathered from this survey will remain confidential. Any
disclosure of survey results will make us liable for any damage this causes you.
 55

Your cooperation is highly appreciated.

Respectfully yours,

D/C Ragasi, Michael E.

Lead Researcher

Noted by:

Nelia D. E. Lama, MALL

Research 102 Adviser

APPENDIX B
Research Instrument
( Questionnaire )

Name (Optional):
GARBAGE MANAGEMENT OF CREW LOCAL PASSENGER VESSEL
The following refer to the garbage management you and the members of the crew

do on board. Please put ✓ in the box for the choice of your answer.

A = Always (means you do or the crew observe the process all the time as

required and necessary)

O=Often (means you do or the crew observe the process many times but not all

the time as required or necessary)

S=Sometimes (means you do or the crew observe every now and then, at intervals

or occasionally)
 56

R=Rarely (means you do or the crew observe in very minimal instances only)

N=Never (means you do or the crew have not done the process at all)

A O S R N

1.1 Garbage Minimization

1.Reuse plastic bottles, and other used materials ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
into something else useful.
2.Prioritize handing over plastic wastes, glass, ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
batteries, medical, and oil wastes in shore
garbage facilities.
3.Separate out all items that are recyclable. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
4.Use eco-friendly materials onboard the ship. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
5.Use waste compactors to compress nonfood ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
wastes such as plastic wastes, metal wastes
on board.

1.2 Garbage Collection

1.Separate receptacles according to the ___ ___ ___ ___ __
generated procedures for collecting garbage.
2.Clean the garbage containers after each ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
collection.
3.Recollect the exploitable garbage materials. ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
4.Use suitable receptacles for collection and ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
separation.
5.Keep garbage in the collection and separation ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
stations.

1.3 Garbage Storage

1.Segregate the garbage on board accordingly ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
( to recyclable, non recyclable, wet and
Dry garbage, etc.).
2.Separate cans, drums, boxes, bags or other ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
containers for short term (disposable charge)
 57

and trip long (non-disposable garbage) storage.

3.Properly separate garbage from the food ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
waste that carry disease or pest from the
garbage that does not.
4.Disinfect and do pest control in garbage ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
storage areas.
5.Store all garbage in covered, leak-proof ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
containers.

1.4 Garbage Processing

1.Segregate food wastes, hazardous wastes, ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
into something else useful plastic wastes
from time to time as a first step on managing
wastes onboard.
2.Follow the special rules on incineration ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
into something else useful.
3.Use the compactor to reduce the volume ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
into something else useful for waste.
4.Discharge the garbage at sea in special ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
into something else useful areas or within 3
nautical miles from the land.
5.Properly use the equipment onboard such ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
into something else useful as incinerator,
compactors, comminutors or other devices
for shipboard garbage processing.

1.5 Garbage Disposal

1.Dispose of my/our garbage (oil, food ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
waste,etc) into the sea.
2.Dispose garbage accordingly to its assigned ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
container.
3.Keep special areas in which garbage disposal ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
takes place.
4.Keeply observe the instructions regarding ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
disposal requirements of garbage.
 58

5.Make arrangements well in advance for ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
garbage reception .

APPENDIX C
 59

Location Map
 60

Grammarly

Research102
by Ucmetcro Secretariat

General metrics
28,402 4,156 369 16 min 37 sec 31 min 58
sec
characters words sentences reading speaking
time time

Score Writing Issues

95 94 16 78
Issues left Critical Advanced

This text scores better than 95% of all

texts checked by Grammarly

Plagiarism

3 15
%
● sources

3% of your text matches 15 sources on the web or in

archives of academic publications

60
 61

University of Cebu Academe

Research Ethics Committee

CERTIFICATE OF FINAL APPROVAL REPORT

Form 4.6

February 1, 2023

RAGASI, MICHAEL E.
University of Cebu
METCCampus

Re:COME(2)
-2023-01-002 GARBAGE MANAGEMENT OF CREW IN LOCAL
PASSENGER VESSELS

Dear Sir
/ Madam
:

We wish to inform you that the FINAL REPORT submitted on the abovementioned protocol is
hereby granted approval.

Thank you.

Very truly yours,

DR. JUANITO N. ZUASULA, JR.

Chair, UC System
- Research Ethics Committee
 62

UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
Maritime Education and Training
Alumnus, Mambaling, Cebu City

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT VALIDATION

This is to certify that the research instrument/tool/questionnaire of the

study entitled:

● Garbage Management of Crew in Local Passenger Vessel

has undergone content validation by the undersigned expert/adviser.

This further certifies that the instrument can be administered for pilot
testing/data gathering to the participants/subjects/respondents of the study
this 2nd semester of school year 2022-2023.

This certification is issued upon the request of the student-

researchers of the study: D/C,_Ragasi, Michael E._; D/C Mansubre, Ej ; D/C
Sablada, Elezier Estrada ; D/C Nable, Adrian ; D/C Cuevas, Cris Deneil A.

NELIA D. E. LAMA, MALL, PhD R&E (Cand.)

VALENTINO C. TAGOD JR, MAED

Content Validators
 63

CURRICULUM VITAE

Ragasi, Michael E.
San Pedro Albuera, Leyte
09677018149
michaelaries2001@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name : Ragasi Michael, E.
Address :San Pedro Albuera, Leyte
Age : 22 yrs. Old
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Date of Birth: April 2, 2001
Place of Birth: Cebu City
Religion : Born Again Christian
Contact number: 09677018149
Parents : Jose Isagani Cantiga Ragasi
: Edna Estioco Ragasi

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Elementary School : Albuera North Central School
Secondary School : Dr. Geronimo B. Zaldivar Memorial School of Fisheries
Senior High school : STI College of Ormoc
College School : University of Cebu METC
: Alumnos, Mambaling Cebu City
 64

CURRICULUM VITAE
Sablada Elezier E.
Brgy. Guindaohan barugo, Leyte
09632445520
sabladaelezier5@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name : Sablada Eliezer E.
Address : Brgy. Guindaohan barugo, Leyte
Age : 22 yrs. Old
Sex : Male
Civil Status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
Date of Birth: Feb. 19 2001
Place of Birth: Brgy. Guindaohan barugo, leyte
Religion : Roman Catholic
Contact number : 09632445520
Parents : Sablada Leonardo C,
Sablada Estelita E.

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Elementary School: Guindaohan elementary school
Secondary School : Barugo national high school
Senior High school : Barugo national high school
College School : University of Cebu Metc
: Alumnos, Mambaling cebu, city
 65

CURRICULUM VITAE
Nable, Adrian R.
Tunghaan Minglanilla, Cebu
09662310094
adriannable1999@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name : Nable, Adrian R.
Address :Tunghaan Minglanilla, Cebu
Age : 23 yrs. Old
Sex : Male
Civil Status :Single
Nationality : Filipino
Date of Birth :05/28/1999
Place of Birth :Tunghaan Minglanilla, Cebu
Religion : Catholic
Contact number : 09662310094
Parents : Susan R. Nable

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Elementary School: Bacay Elementary school
Secondary School : Tulay National High School
Senior High school :Naga National high school
College School : University of Cebu METC
: Alumnos, mambaling Cebu city
 66

CURRICULUM VITAE

Earl James Mansubre O.

Tal-ot Barili Cebu
09935876653

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name : Earl James Mansubre O.
Address : Tal-ot Barili Cebu
Age : 25 yrs. Old
Sex : Male
Civil Status :Single
Nationality : Filipino
Date of Birth :10/14/1997
Place of Birth : Quezon City
Religion : Catholic
Contact number : 09935876653
Parents : Celso Mansubre

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND
Elementary School: Mantalongon Elementary school
Secondary School : St. Catherine's College \
College School : University of Cebu METC
 67

CURRICULUM VITAE

Cuevas Cris Deneil A.

Fisherman's village Lomboy tugas, Tanjay city negros oriental
09633735345

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name : Cuevas Cris Deneil A.

Address : Fisherman's village Lomboy tugas, Tanjay city negros oriental
Age : 24
Sex : Male
Civil Status :Single
Nationality : Filipino
Date of Birth : January 16, 1999
Place of Birth : Dumaguete city
Religion : Roman Catholic
Contact number : 09633735345
Parents : Purita cuevas
09923360041

ACADEMIC BACKGROUND

Elementary :ABC Learning Center

Jr. Highschool : Diaz college
Senior Highschool :Don Bosco, Dumaguete
College: UC-METC