Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ALVIN ANITO
ARLJAY MARC DIOLATA
EMMAN JAMES PRECELLAS
KEVIN CLARK BABA
REGIE FULLANTE
TITTLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ABSTRACTION iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGRURES viii
LIST OF APPENDICES ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
Background of the study 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Significance of the study 4
Scope and Delimitation of the study 5
Operational Definition of Terms 6
III METHODOLOGY
Research Design 26
Research Locale
Sample and Sampling Technique 26
Data Gathering Procedure 33
Developmental Phase 35
Designing of the parts 35
Construction Time Fame 37
Project Cost 39
Project Testing, Validation and Revision Phase 41
Evaluation Phase 41
Research Methods 42
Research Instrument 43
Research Locale 44
Data Gathering Procedure 44
Evaluators 45
Statistical Analysis 45
Ethical Consideration 45
REFERENCES 65
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Exposure to plastic waste has been evidently increasing globally with almost
every industry, corporation and community relying on plastics as they have become a
commodity to the citizens. With the United Nations announcing plastic pollution as a
global crisis, many countries have banned single-use plastics and started to urge people
to help minimize their plastic usage. Furthermore, many manufacturers and producers
have started changing their entire production industry to help in their own ways to
reduce plastics. In this context, an efficient collection of plastic waste is being perceived
as a fundamental public service. The existing solutions and policies for plastic-waste
issue each day in each developed and developing countries. In Malaysia, rapid
characteristics. The generation of municipal solid waste [MSW] over the past 10 years
has increased by 95 per cent due to rapid development in the urban areas. The waste
created from various sources will be lead to environmental pollution arising without an
the downtown areas is common even in times of minimal downpours. As observed, the
local government units to address this garbage accumulation. Some of these were the
scheduled cleaning of the drainages. Also, the national government invested millions to
Also, several city ordinances had been passed for implementation by the stakeholders .
However, such problem has been recurring over the years. In this light, it is
crucial to develop a system that can monitor the garbage level in real-time such that
the concerned agency can be advised on the actual status of garbage in the drainages.
In this manner, timely garbage collection in drainages can be achieved. The system
should be low-cost so that the government can install it in all drainages in Cebu City.
(Parilla et al.,2020)
significant in policy implementation along with the LGUs. The institution accommodates
the bulk of younger population and must be given proper training on SWM. Further,
schools with better SWM practice showed positive response by providing SW recycling
options (Smyth et al., 2010; Mbuligwe, 2002; Mason et al., 2003; Malakahmad et al.,
2010; Kelly et al., 2006; Felder et al., 2001; De Vega et al., 2003; 2008). Consequently,
schools can implement a structure to mitigate SWM issues. Locally, the city division of
DepEd on 2015 issued a mandate (Memorandum 696) to participate in SWM and waste
this mandate to respective schools was not measured. It is with this purpose that this
9003 and DepEd Memo 696 to selected public secondary schools in Cagayan de Oro.
The objectives of the study were to determine the level of awareness; attitude; and
practices among selected secondary public school teachers. The study similarly, aimed
The present problem of Sulop National High School Senior High School department is
the Poor waste disposal situation. Thus this study is proposed to make a Smart Trash
Bin to address the foregoing problem. The researcher believe that students in the
previous years have not tried Smart Trash Bin to address the said problem.
2.3. Sensors
The goal of this project was to generate new, more feature-rich related devices
by building, designing, and developing them. updated tool that would assist with the
school's waste issue and teach users that this kind of innovation can make tasks simpler
than those posed by emerging technologies. As a result, it protects the school's health
and cleanliness from waste issues that could be brought on by solid waste
contamination;
STUDENTS- Students can use this tool to safeguard their fellow students' health and
protection.
SCHOOL- This device may give your school the eco-friendly reputation it deserves
clean and healthy atmosphere. To make sure the technology can function effectively for
human use, it must undergo significant experimentation, research, and testing. The
respondents for this survey will be Sulop National High School students, who will assist
in conducting it there. With the use of our automatic waste segregator trash can, this
study will assist the school's kids in being environmentally friendly with regard to the
issue of school garbage.Smart trash bin will be created using the following components
Recyclable Materials, Arduino Uno, Ultrasonic sensor, PIR sensor, Servo motor, Gsm
module.
The operational key terms used in the study of the parts present in the Smart trash bin.
hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, .
Garbage Monitoring system- which monitors the garbage bins and informs about
the level of garbage collected in the garbage bins via a web page. It shows the System
Architecture, in which system uses ultrasonic sensors. placed over the bins to detect the
and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal .
TRASH BIN- a large container for holding waste
CHAPTER II
reuse of waste materials such as glass bottles, plastic containers, tin cans and papers.
materials are placed in a single bin for collection, and the sorting is done at a central
facility. Recycling is done to reduce energy usage, limit filling up landfills, lessen air and
water pollution, minimize greenhouse gas emissions and preserve natural resources for
Smart Trash Bins have been researched since the 1990s. It was in 2013 that the word
“Smart Trash Bin” first appeared in a paper based on a Google scholarly search. Since
then, the number of papers has increased, especially in 2017, they quadrupled from the
previous year, and 82 were found from 2020. Table 2 shows the number of papers
searched under Smart Trash Bin and “Smart Trash Bin” in Google’s scholarly search.
Smart Trash Bin was used to find comprehensive research, and “Smart Trash Bin” was
used to search for papers directly mentioning Smart Trash Bins.( Huh, J. et al.,2021)
Table 1. The Number of Papers with the Keywords Smart Trash Bin and “Smart Trash
Bin”
2013 998 4
2014 1080 2
2015 1070 6
2016 1140 5
2017 1250 20
2018 1280 32
2019 1460 45
2020 1334 82
Fauziah et al. reviewed Google scholarly search and ScienceDirect papers on
Smart Trash Bins from 2015 to 2019. R. P. Chandra et al. analyzed the literature and
surveys on the recognitions of bins part of smart trash bin projects and concluded that
smart trash bin projects could affect people’s interest in disposing of trash in its place
and the community’s way of treating trash. Henita Rahmayanti et al. in their research,
applied smart trash bins to schools, which would be an educational tool to help students
understand the type of trash. P Haribabu et al. analyzed mobile applications connected
to smart trash bins to achieve Smart City goals and save human resources.
RELATED LITERATURES
The smart garbage monitoring and collection systems were quite numerous in the
extant literature. A good example of this was the one developed by Ramson and Moni
(2017). In this system, Wireless Monitoring Units (WMU) was utilized in trash bins. The
sensor in the WMU can detect the unfilled trash level in the bin. The data were then
sent to the Wireless Access Point Unit (WAPU) for processing in the monitoring station.
A possible improvement in the evaluation of the system was to test it using both 4G
and 5G networks. Another IoT-based system for waste management was the works of
Aleyadeh and Taha (2018) and Mirchandani et al. (2017). The ultimate feature of these
works was its ability to provide an optimal solution for waste collection by minimizing
the time length of waste collection through smart means. However, the architecture
proposed by the work of Aleyadeh and Taha (2018) is yet to be prototyped for actual
a need to further test the system using different types of wastes and dustbins to ensure
that the weight sensor used can effectively function in different types of wastes and
dustbin materials.
Chowdhury (2007), Hong et al. (2014), Karadimas et al. (2016) and Vasagade et al.
(2017). These works integrated the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), GSM, and
minimization, low cost, and accurate estimation with a tiny-load fingerprint. However,
several loopholes were identified. The communication between waste tags and readers,
and readers and back-ends were unidirectional in the system of Chowdhury and
Chowdhury (2007). The waste tags used were passive with a minimal storage capacity.
Also, there existed a disadvantage in the system developed by Hong et al. (2014). It
was noted that it needed maintenance cost and there was an identified trade-off owing
to the proposed system’s battery-based power structure. As for the work of Karadimas
et al. (2016), the tests conducted should have been done at more granular level to
consider the different types of wastes. In the work of Vasagade et al. (2017), only basic
features namely audio alarm and visual indicators, the wastes segregation capacity, and
Another smart system equipped with ultrasonic sensors and GPS features was
garbage trucks. It could help in waste management by keeping track of trash bin status
and the location of trash collection trucks. Like any other online system, there is still a
need to test this system in both 4G and 5G environments since it is primarily dependent
on a cloud connection. Tiwari and Nagarathna (2017) developed a solar-powered
monitoring system that could send its status to the Collection, Logistics, Efficiency, and
Notification (CLEAN) system dashboard. It could crush the garbage by the use of
Advanced Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) Machines (ARM) 7 controllers. The
ARM 7 controllers actuated if the ultrasonic sensor detected a full trash bin. It then
triggered the motor for the crushing process. The system was also capable of sending
SMS to the registered user to inform the status of the trash bin, allowing the motor to
non-biodegradable. However, the system was not subjected for testing with regards to
SYNTHESIS
address waste disposal issues in common indoor places. The researchers found a path
toimprove plan by using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC). And also, they utilized the
Microcontroller unit to control sound, input proximity and IR sensors, and output geared
Based on test results, the waste robot accurately detects human involvement, a feature
This research chronicled how a waste management robot prototype was designed and
developed as feasible solution to address waste disposal issues in strategic locations
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The Theory of Waste Management represents a more in-depth account of the domain
and contains conceptual analyses of waste, the activity upon waste, and a holistic view
expectation that waste management is to prevent waste causing harm to human health
sustainable agenda of waste management. It is largely the case that current legislation
attends to existing waste. Definitions emerging from this condition may, however,
conflict with the goals of waste prevention, because something that already exists
cannot be prevented from arising. When material is assigned the label of ‘waste’, it will
of such definitions is that they are not able to facilitate a sustainable waste
management system. Therefore, new, dynamic definitions for waste and waste
management must be sought, which can explain why waste is created and can offer an
intrinsic solution for the problem. A radically new approach, based on an object-
management.
Conceptual Framework
as the guide in the conduct of the study. Further, the study made use of the input-
output model. The figure is divided into three parts, namely: the input, the process, and
the output. The input consists of ideas from related literature and studies, supplies and
materials, tools and equipment, and labor. The process consists of developing,
designing, constructing, assembling, revising, and evaluating. The output is The parts
-Functioning of
the Open/Close
- Any type of
Mechanism
trash Smart Trash
-Detecting the
Trash bin if its
full Bin