The Feasibility of Activated Charcoal (Carbon) as Alternative Teeth

Whitening

A Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department

University of Cebu – Banilad

Cebu City, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

SH – 3I and SH – OJT/GAS (Quantitative)

By:

MYRNA DEE JAPOS

BRYAN MERONIO

JENNIE ROSE GALANO

MELODY FIGARUM

NELGIE CARPINA

March 2019
 UNIVERSITY OF CEBU
PROGRAM RESEARCH OFFICE

APPROVAL SHEET

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT of the requirements for SH-3I and SH

OJT/GAS, this research paper entitled ACTIVATED CHARCOAL (CARBON): AS
EFFECTIVE TEETH WHITENING AGENT SOLUTION submitted by Myrna Dee
Japos, Bryan Meronio, Jennie Rose Galano, Melody Figarum and Nelgie Carpina
has been duly examined, accepted and approved for ORAL DEFENSE EXAMINATION.

NONIEL JOHN VASQUEZ-ERNO, LPT

Adviser

ACCEPTED AS Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the SH-3I and OJT/GAS

BEE JAY D. OLITRES, LPT MALEEN GRAFILO-ORDIZ, MAT

Program Research Coordinator Principal, Senior High School Department

APPROVED by the tribunal at the ORAL DEFENSE EXAMINATION with the grade of
PASSED.

JUNREL CAPUNO, MAEd-Science

Chairman

MARY NERISSA CASTRO SARAH GINOO

Censor 1 Statistician

MARVIN YAMSON
Censor 2

Date: 2019

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 This study would not be possible without the help of our supportive

parents, friends, subject teachers, class adviser, and research adviser and

most especially it would not be done without our hardships guided by our

Almighty God. We thank our teachers from University of Cebu Banilad who

provided insight and expertise that greatly help and assisted the research,

although they may not agree with all of the interpretations and conclusions

of this paper yet, they tried to analyze it further.

We thank Mr. Noniel John Vasquez Erno, our beloved research

instructor in the University of Cebu Banilad Campus for assistance with the

researcher’s particular technique, methodology also for comments that

greatly improved the research paper.

We would also like to show our gratitude to the school for giving us

the opportunity to conduct an experimental study. To our statistician Ms.

Sarah Ginoo, thank you for spending time to help us complete our data

successfully as well as Ms. Mary Nerissa Castro for guiding us in terms of

vocabulary. And most especially we would like to thank our Almighty

Father for always guiding us to accomplish this experimental research study.

DEDICATION
 This research is dedicated to our beloved parents, who have been

our source of inspiration and gave us strength when we thought we

could made it , who continually provide their moral, spiritual,

emotional, and financial support.

To our siblings, relatives, mentor, friends, and classmates who

shared their words of advice, concerns and encouragement to finish this

study.

And lastly, we dedicated this book to our Almighty Father, thank

you for the guidance, strength, power of mind, protection and skills and

for giving us a healthy life which greatly given us the reason to fight and

overcome our struggles while doing the experimental research study. All

of these, we offered to you.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Approval Sheet i
Acknowledgement ii
Dedication iii
Abstract iv

CHAPTER
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1
 INTRODUCTION 1
Rationale of the Study 1
Theoretical-Conceptual Framework 4

THE PROBLEM 16
Statement of the Problem 16
Statement of Null Hypothesis 17
Significance of the Study 18
Scope and Limitations of the Study 17
Definition of Terms 19

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 20

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 21

Research Design 21
Research Environment 28
Research Respondents 29
Research Instrument 30
Research Procedure 35
Statistical Treatment of Data 36

4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

OF DATA 38

5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS

AND RECOMMENDATIONS 41

Summary of Findings 41
Conclusion 43
Recommendations 40

REFERENCES

APPENDICES
A-Transmittal Letter
 B-Research Instrument
C-Location Map
D-Experiment Documentation

CURRICULUM VITAE

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

TABLES
1 Research Subjects 24
2 Psychometric Examination Results 31
3 Academic Performance 33
4 Results on the Significant Relationship Between… 41

FIGURES
1 Theoretical-Conceptual Framework 4
2 Research Flow 21
 Abstract

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL (Carbon): AS EFFECTIVE

ALTERNATIVE TEETH WHITENING AGENT SOLUTION

By
Myrna Dee Japos, Bryan Meronio, Jennie Rose Galano, Melody Figarum
and Nelgie Carpina
This chapter presented the summary of findings, the conclusions, and the
recommendations which are extended to further recommendations for future
research. The following are the findings of this experimental research: There
was a significant difference of the effectiveness of the activated charcoal as
alternative teeth whitening when using various concentration in terms of
whiteness, cleanliness and also the duration of plaque removal when applied
to the teeth. Additionally, it shows that before using the alternative teeth
whitening which is the activated charcoal (Carbon) it was clearly observed
that the teeth is not that white and clean compared after the teeth that has
been applied the alternative teeth whitening solution already. Also, the
results showed that the most effective concentration was the concentration C
which contained 4 capsule of activated charcoal, 3 drop peppermint oil, 3
tbs. coconut oil. A significant difference has been proved between the
alternative activated Charcoal and the commercialize product in terms of its
effectivity with regarded to the whiteness, and duration of plaque removal.
Based on the findings and conclusion, the one of the best recommendations
are hereby offered in order to obtain the effectiveness of the activated
charcoal and it should be done before using the product, the user must
consult a dentist first for the safety. This will allow them to discover beyond
the uses of activated charcoal (Carbon) and to the future researcher’s whose
aim is to create new experiment that could be useful in the daily living. This
will help them further understand the effectiveness of activated charcoal
(Carbon) as an alternative teeth whitening agent solution.

KEYWORDS: Activated charcoal, effective, whiteness, duration

 1

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Activated charcoal has the scientific name “Carbon”. This activated

charcoal has many uses. Based on the study of many researches, one usage

of this kind of charcoal is as an alternative teeth whitening. In the past,

activated charcoal was useful in the medical field because of its known

capability to trap chemicals. Activated charcoal also earned a

reputation of being called a “universal antidote”.

Activated charcoal has many uses especially in the field of medicine.

According to Murphy (2018), it first gained popularity in the 20th century.

However, it was first used medically only in 1834. An American doctor used

activated charcoal to fight the effects of ingesting mercury chloride. The

doctor saved the life of a patient by giving activated charcoal. From then on,

people came to discover that one of the other uses of activated charcoal was

as paste used when brushing the teeth. Since humans discovered that

charcoal could whiten teeth, industries started to conduct studies about it.
 2

Today, there are many people who use activated charcoal to brighten

up the their smile. FDA has approved activated charcoal to cure many

health-related issues. However, the American Dental Association has not

approved any sort of products that include activated charcoal. On the other

hand, there are plenty of anecdotal evidence that it activated charcoal usually

works in brightening one’s teeth. People who brushed their teeth with

activated charcoal noticed a difference before and after. The chemical

properties of this charcoal have a whitening effect and it does help remove

the plaque from the teeth. The lesser the plaques, the lesser the stains which

results to a whiter teeth.

Many people are curious about charcoal’s effectiveness. In relation to

that, this experimental study will prove how effective activated charcoal is

as an alternative teeth whitening. The people who want to have a confident

smile would be able to apply this study. Many say that it is effective but, if

any illness is felt, consult a doctor or dentist first to avoid complication.

Activated charcoal is harmless. According to Caufman (2013) from

the Ateneo Innovation Center, activated charcoal is basically harmless as

proven in some toxicology studies. Ingesting high dosages of charcoal does

not interfere with sleep, lesser appetite or well-being or cause major

problems. There are known undesirable effects of using activated charcoal

 3

that can be prevented through complying with some directions. Activated

charcoal is highly adsorbent. When it is ingested at the same time as

medication, supplements and foods, it may decrease their absorption and

utilization.

Therefore, activated charcoal has an innate tendency to cause

constipation. The said effect can be counteracted by taking a mild herbal

laxative together with the activated Charcoal. Finally, activated charcoal

blackens your stools without any harm. Black-gray stools may look strange,

but they can be used to calculate the bowel transit time. In measuring,

measure the length of time from taking activated charcoal up to the

appearance of darkened stools.

These showed that activated charcoal was harmless and can be used as

teeth whitening for it is absorbent. There is no need to be worry about

charcoal effects because activated charcoal is organic and edible. Never

forget that in applying or using activated charcoal, one needs to consider

health first. Ask a doctor or dentists for some information, advice and

approval for further safety.

This study has been pursued in order to know how effective activated

charcoal is as an alternative teeth whitening. The result of the study would

help and give new ideas and methods to those people who are not confident
 4

about their smiles. Teen-agers, young adults and adults who want to have

whiter, brighter and shiner teeth are the main beneficiaries of this study. The

outcome of the study will help the people to become a better money-saver. It

would also help the people to have an alternative teeth whitening that could

make the teeth whiter, brighter and shiner.

Theoretical Background

Activated charcoal is also known as activated carbon. According to

the Meriam Webster, it could be made using either coal, wood, or other

substances, but is most commonly coming from charcoal. It activated when

the charcoal was heated up using a gas which were capable of trapping

chemicals. Activated charcoal has many uses. It can be used as an alternative

teeth whitening. Activated charcoal is a fine-grained black power made from

a variety of natural substances, such as coconut shell, slowly burned wood

and peat. It is very porous and highly absorbent. It also has a wide surface

area.

According to Wilson & Greenwall (2017), charcoal toothpaste is a

recent innovation in the oral healthcare. Product market and some

pharmacies have started stocking activated charcoal because of its benefits.

 5

The marketing campaigns for this toothpaste are fashionable, trendy, and

different from the other toothpaste brands. This marketing has enjoyed

considerable success, encouraged the introduction of related products,

including ‘charcoal toothbrush, which have charcoal incorporated into the

bristles. Activated charcoal is a highly absorbent substance and it is known

to remove toxins that adhere to the surface of the charcoal. Agents that help

to remove dental plaque from teeth and increase the resistance of the tooth

surface to carious (acid) attack, fluoride, may not be included because they

will be absorbed by the charcoal, possibly reducing its whitening effect.

Charcoal toothpaste helps remove external staining on teeth without

significant negative effects. However, the extent and rate of stain removed

has not been reported yet. Before purchasing a charcoal toothpaste, patients

should consider its contents first.

According to the Trust Dental Care (2018), activated charcoal teeth

whitening is the buzzy health ingredient of the moment, showing up in

everything from supplements to pressed juices to beauty products. And now,

it has also made its way to the oral care aisle, with different brands

marketing versions of activated charcoal toothpaste. These products claim to

clean and whiten teeth and eliminate bad breath. Activated charcoal is good

at trapping chemicals and at preventing their absorption into the body's

 6

system. Itis also effective in reducing the gut absorption of salicylate in

acute intoxication. Activated charcoal in large doses may be an effective

treatment due to its expected ability to absorb an amount of pesticides and

trap them in the inner space of the intestine followed by rectal excretion. In

effect, this process provides a “sink” to trap and expedite th e removal of

previously absorbed and distributed pesticide.Activated Charcoal also works

to whiten teeth, balance pH levels and prevent cavities and bad breath.

According to Michigan Medicine University of Michigan (2015),

charcoal is a fine, black powder made from wood or other natural materials.

These materials are heated in an airless environment. The Charcoal that was

used to cure health conditions is usually "activated" to make it a very fine

powder which increases its effectiveness. Activated charcoal can chemically

attach, or adsorb, to a variety of particles and gases. This makes it ideal for

removing potentially toxic substances from the digestive tract. Since

activated charcoal is not absorbed into the body, it instead carries adsorbed

substances out of the body through feces.

According to Pub Med Health (2018), it shows on their study that

activated charcoal was used in treating certain kinds of poisoning. It helps to

prevent poisoning. It helps prevent the poison from circulating. Activated

 7

charcoal may be available without a doctor’s prescription. However, before

using activated charcoal, consult a dentist first. Activated charcoal can help

draw particles such as dirt, dust, chemicals, toxins, and bacteria to the

surface of the skin to remove them easily.It alsohelps whiten teeth while

promoting good oral health by changing the pH balance in the mouth,

helping prevent cavities and bad breath.

Black toothpaste containing activated charcoal is being used for safe

tooth whitening. It may seem unbelievable, but it's possible. According to

Patti Di Gangi, RDH, BS, and Judy Zack Bendit, RDH, BS, there is a

popular program on HGTV Fixer Upper with Chip and Joanna Gaines. In the

said program, they went to the high seas and helped a friend turn a

houseboat into a home. This term describes the centuries-old Japanese

technique as charring cedar planks. Charred wood has the surprising

properties of fire and bug resistance, durability in harsh environments, and

more.

Charcoal is formed from coal, wood, or other substances. It becomes

activated charcoal when high temperatures are mixed with a gas or

activating agent to expand its surface area. This turns it into a powerhouse of

porous material that sucks in impurities from the environment around it.

Adsorption is different than absorption. Basically, it means that the porous

 8

surface of activated charcoal attracts (mostly unwanted) material like a

magnet. It holds the materials in through its pores. This process leaves the

area around it clean.

In the early 1900s, the World Health Organization listed activated

charcoal as an essential medicine for the treatment of poisoning and

overdose. Activated charcoal has become very popular once again. This

time, it is being called as a potent natural treatment used to trap toxins and

chemicals. They also conclude that aside from serving as treatment for

poisoning, charcoal's non-dental uses include reducing intestinal gas

(flatulence), lowering cholesterol levels, preventing hangovers, and treating

bile flow problems (cholestasis) during pregnancy. It is also hyped for

internal cleansing, weight loss, mold cleansing, skin and body health, and

tooth whitening. Based on the following studies mentioned above, activated

charcoal is an effective alternative teeth whitening solution. It is not toxic

and it can be intake by the users safely. Activated charcoal has many uses

but for further safety measures users must consult a doctor first.

This study was to be pursued in order to know how effective activated

charcoal is as an alternative teeth whitening. The result of this study will

help and give new ideas and methods to those people who are not confident

about their smiles. Teen-agers, young adults and adults who wantto have a
 9

whiter, brighter and shiner teeth are the main beneficiaries of this study. The

outcome of this study will help the people to become a good money-saver. It

will also give the people an alternative teeth whitening that could make teeth

whiter, brighter and shiner.

 10

This experiment study assumes the feasibility of activated charcoal

(Carbon) as an alternative teeth whitening.

Activated Charcoal
(Carbon)

Activated Charcoal (1
capsule), Peppermint oil (1 Coconut
drops), coconut oil (1tps). oil
Activated Charcoal (3
capsules), Peppermint oil
(2drops), coconut oil (2tps). Peppermint

Activated Charcoal (4
capsules), Peppermint oil
(3drops), coconut oil (3tps).

Most effective Test of Commercial

Concentration Differences Product

Whiteness Results Whiteness

Effect Conclusion Effect

Proposal alternative teeth whitening out from Activated

Charcoal (Carbon)

Figure 1. Schematic Presentation of the Conceptual Framework of the Study

 11

From Figure 1, the study introduced the Active Charcoal as more

effective teeth whitening compared to commercial teeth whitening. The

study uses calculations on every ingredient to specify which sample solution

is perfect. It also uses activated charcoal to remove the objectionable taste

and odor of the water. This Frame work presents our research plan on how to

introduce the Active Charcoal as an effective Teeth Whitening. The

researchers will do Analyzing of the Result to come up with the

Conclusions, followed by the Recommendation

THE PROBLEM

This experimental study aimed to determine the feasibility of the

Activated Charcoal (Carbon) as an alternative teeth whitening solution.

Specifically, the following questions will be raised:

1. Is there a significant difference on the following various concentrations:

1.1 concentration A(1 capsule of activated charcoal, 1 drop

peppermint oil, 1 tbs. coconut oil).

1.2 Concentration B (3 capsule of activated charcoal, 2 drop

peppermint oil, 2 tbs. coconut oil)

 12

1.3 Concentration C (4 capsule of activated charcoal, 3 drop

peppermint oil, 3 tbs. coconut oil).

1.4 Concentration D (6 capsule of activated charcoal, 2 drop

peppermint oil, 2 tbs. coconut oil) in terms of:

A. Whiteness; and

B. Duration of plaque removal?

2. What is the most effective concentration in terms of:

2.1. Whiteness; and

2.2. Duration of plaque removal?

3. Is there a significant difference between the alternative activated Charcoal

and the commercialize product in terms of expiration/ duration?

Statement of Null Hypotheses

Ho1: There is no significant difference using four various concentration in

terms of whiteness and duration of plaque removal

Ho2 : There was no most effective of the four various concentration in terms of

whiteness and duration of plaque removal.

 13

Ho3: There is no significant difference between the alternative activated

Charcoal and the commercialize product in effectiveness in terms of

whiteness and duration of plaque removal.

The Significance of the Study

This experimental study about the activated charcoal as an alternative

teeth whitening agent solution is beneficial to those teen-agers, young adults

and adults who are already conscious about their hygiene.

Teen- agers would confident to act and speak during oral recitations.

Teen-agers now a days are very conscious in terms of their proper hygiene

yet, some teen-agers does not have enough money to buy expensive product

for teeth whitening. This study would helped them to have a whiter teeth

through using alternative teeth whitening which can easily be done at home.

Young adults would no longer be stressed for not having

communication towards their co-workers. They will be able to have a more

progressive performance towards their work. The result of the study would

help the young adults to overcome their communication due to their

yellowish teeth color. The effectiveness of this study would really help the

young adults to achieve a whiter teeth with just a cheaper price.

 14

Adults that are already conscious about hygiene will no longer suffer

about teeth problem. The result of the study would help the adults to be

more confident towards their smiles. This study has a big impact and help to

the people who need its effectivity. That is why, this study must be pursued

by the researchers.

Future researchers may use this research as a reference should they

make further related studies regarding the same topic, or any topic which has

a goal to create another form of substance that could be useful in the daily

living.

Activated charcoal helped whiten teeth while promoting good oral

health by changing the pH balance in the mouth, helping prevent cavities,

bad breath and gum disease. It worked to whiten teeth by adsorbing plaque

and microscopic tidbits that stain teeth. The use of activated charcoal was

cost-effective and an all-natural solution for a bright smile. This

experimental study would be a benefit for them if it appears effective during

and after of the conduct experimentation.

This study is significant to the people who seeks to have a brighter,

whiter and a sparkling teeth. It will serve as future reference for the people
 15

to decide whether or not they will try to use activated carbon as alternative

teeth whitening.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The scope of this study deals on the activated charcoal (carbon) as an

effective alternative teeth whitening agent solution. Activated charcoal

powder is also known as activated carbon. It can be made either coal, wood

or other substances, but is mostly derived from charcoal. It becomes

activated when the charcoal is heated up using the gas that opens up large

pores. This product is capable of trapping chemicals. It is highly absorbent.

It is also known to be effective alternative teeth whitening solution.

The study is limited only to the result of the conducted

experimentation. Meanwhile, this study focused about the main variable

which is the activated charcoal (carbon) as an alternative teeth whitening

solution.

The delimitation of the investigation are the following: money, and

time. For money, we do not have a big amount of money to buy expensive

ingredients and other materials needed for the experimental research. For

time, we don’t have enough time to manage the things that we should do.

Here are the ways to cope with the hindrance about money and time:
 16

First, we need to save money to buy the materials needed. The

researchers must do some budgeting strategies. Second, the researchers

should manage time in order to finish and achieve the goal of the study in a

limited period. Time management is one way of preventing cramming that

could lead to ineffective result. Through time management, the researchers

can manage things that are really important in conducting the study.

Definition of Terms

The following definition of terms related to the conduct of the

experiment mentioned are clarified below to further determine its uses and

importance in the conduct study.

Activated Charcoal is sometimes used to help treat a drug overdose or a

poisoning. It is the main component in the experimental study being

pursued.

Duration is the time during which something continues. It is being

determined before and after the application of the alternative teeth whitening

together with whiteness.

Plaque is an ornamental table, typically of metal or wood, that is fixed to a

wall or other in commemoration. It is being determined before and after the

study.
 17

Whiteness is being determined before and after the application of the

alternative teeth whitening which includes the various concentration of

activated charcoal.
 18

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Activated charcoal (Carbon) has many uses and one of it is that it can

be used as an alternative teeth whitening solution as it was proven and tested

by the users. Charcoal is used in many places in Africa to clean teeth

because the commercial toothpaste is unavailable in rural communities.

There are also some industries that are now using activated charcoal

(Carbon) as one of the main ingredients in making teeth whitening products.

The activated charcoal (Carbon) is non-toxic and can be intake.

Activated charcoal (Carbon) was proven to have many uses in terms

of medical field especially in terms of the dental (teeth whitening toothpaste)

industry. As supported by Trust Dental Care (2018), activated charcoal teeth

whitening is proven to be the buzzy health ingredient of the moment,

showing up in everything, from supplements to pressed juices to beauty

products which are very rampant nowadays. Activated charcoal also made

its way to the oral care aisles which have different brand marketing versions

of activated charcoal toothpaste. Each claim to clean and whiten teeth and

eliminate bad breath. Additionally, Wilson & Greenwall (2017) asserts that

Charcoal toothpaste is a recent innovation in the oral healthcare product

market, and some pharmacies have started stocking the said product. The
 19

marketing campaigns for these toothpastes are trendy and different from the

other toothpaste. It is also very useful in everyday living. Activated charcoal

(Carbon) is non-toxic and in fact, according to the World Health

Organization (WHO) 2017, in 1990s, the organization listed activated

charcoal for the treatment of poisoning and overdoses. Activated charcoal

has been promoted for many different purposes, including internal cleaning,

weight loss, reducing flatulence and lowering cholesterol levels.

Historically, charcoal, together with chimney soot, was possibly one of the

several materials used to clean teeth. Activated charcoal has many uses. It

promotes different purposes. In the terms of medical field, it is used as a

component in making medicines. In dental industry, activated charcoal is

proven to be one of its main ingredients to produce a product that is useful to

everyone.

The study similarly proved that the market has enjoyed considerable

success in encouraging the introduction of related products, including

‘charcoal toothbrush" which have charcoal incorporated into the bristles.

The difference of this study from the study being mentioned above is that the

researchers of this current study focuses only to the main product which is

the alternative teeth whitening toothpaste while the study being mentioned

above proved how effective activated charcoal is, not only by one product
 20

but more than that. The third study mentioned above also deals about the

other uses of activated charcoal aside from its uses in dental industry. It is

used in internal cleaning, weight loss, reducing flatulence and lowering

cholesterol levels. This also gives deeper understanding about the different

purposes of the activated charcoal (Carbon).

Activated charcoal (Carbon) is non-toxic and can be used as

alternative teeth whitening yet. Dentist Community (2016) asserts that

Activated charcoal is safe to ingest. However, the abrasiveness of the

mineral can damage the enamel of your teeth if it is scrubbed against them.

Only lightly graze teeth when applying the activated charcoal so that no

scratching, chipping, or other damage occurs. Do not perform this procedure

if you had any open wounds, cuts, or abrasions. For one, the compounds in

activated charcoal can be abrasive.  As supported by a research from

the Journal of Physics: Conference Series (2018), brushing with activated

charcoal increases the roughness of tooth enamel, which can make it easier

for bacteria to stick to the surface. That can put you at risk of greater plaque

accumulation, more cavities, and even periodontal disease.

A review from the Journal of the American Dental Association (2018)

published earlier this year concluded that dentists should “advise their
 21

patients to be cautious” when using these products due to “unproven claims

of efficacy and safety.” Even though it is abrasive, it is non-toxic and can be

digested if ever it is being taken. Torrens (2017) claimed that activated

charcoal has shown an impressive benefits such as the ability to reduce

bloating and flatulence. It cleanse your system and even whiten your teeth.

Moreover, the amount of charcoal added to something like a ‘detox juice’ is

likely to be at best aesthetic (making for an eye-catching Instagram post) to

enhance its marketing value. Based on the studies being mentioned above, it

shows that activated charcoal is proven to be abrasive and non-toxic which

makes it safe for intake.

Due to the abrasive effects when brushing activated charcoal as

alternative teeth whiten in, some doctors are not requiring the people to use

it as teeth whitening while some also say that it could be. The studies also

mentioned about the activated charcoals’ non-toxic property. The difference

shown was that half of it deals about its negative effect and half of it deals

on its acceptable usage.

Activated charcoal could help poisoned patients. It is also applicable

as teeth whitening. However, doctor consultation is still necessary.

According to Pub Med Health (2018), it shows on their study that activated

charcoal is used in the emergency treatment of certain kinds of poisoning. It

 22

could help to prevent poisoning. It also helped prevent the poison from

being absorbed from the stomach into the body. Activated charcoal may be

available without a doctor’s prescription. However, before using this

product, consult a dentist first. Letteri & Singletary (2018) claimed that

activated charcoal powder can be used as a natural tooth-whitening agent

through brushing with the powder. Amazon (2017) asserts that,

unfortunately, activated charcoal is messy and it gets everywhere if you do

not pay attention. It also makes your mouth look pitch black when you are

using it. Hence, it is definitely not as aesthetically pleasing as fluoride.

Many users claim that activated charcoal whitens teeth after just one use.

Activated charcoal is an agent that helps remove dental plaque from teeth

and increase the resistance of the tooth surface to carious (acid) attack.

Fluoride may not be included because it will be absorbed by the charcoal,

possibly reducing its whitening effect. Historically, charcoal, possibly

together with chimney soot, was one of the several materials used to clean

teeth. Unlike other materials like salt, charcoal was not found to abrade teeth

and had the added advantage given its absorbent qualities of helping to

control halitosis. Charcoal is used in many countries in Africa to clean teeth

because regular toothpaste is unavailable in rural communities. Charcoal

toothpastes may be found to help remove external staining on teeth without

 23

negative abrasive effects. But before purchasing a charcoal toothpaste,

patients should consider its contents. Activated charcoal (Carbon) is known

to be abrasive although it is still non-toxic and can be taken.

The study deal about the effectiveness of activated charcoal as an

alternative teeth whitening. The difference is that it also talks about the

history of charcoal and its other uses. Activated is suitable for the study

since it can be taken. Additionally, there are studies that explain the other

uses of activated charcoal. According to Kufman (2013), keeping activated

charcoal in your medicine cabinet and taking it if you were poisoned could

save your life and your money, too. Activated charcoal can treat poisoned

patient. The effectiveness of activated charcoal are clearly observed and

supported by the study being mentioned above.

Activated charcoal might be doing you more harm than good. In fact,

the Oral Health Foundation in the U.K. (2018) just issued a

statement warning people that the whitening effects of activated charcoal

may be overblown. Brushing with it may actually put your teeth at risk.

However, the U.S. National Library of medicines asserts that Activated

charcoal is simply common charcoal made from peat, coal, wood, coconut

shell, or petroleum that is heated along with a gas, which makes the charcoal
 24

more porous. This helps activated charcoal “trap” chemicals according to the

U.S. National Library of Medicine. That is one reason why it is likely

effective for its standard medical use as treatment for poisoning. Companies

that make activated charcoal toothpaste also claim that the activated charcoal

can remove toxins from the teeth and gums, which can lift stains from your

teeth and leave you with a whiter smile.

The study presented the uses and effectivity of the activated charcoal

as alternative teeth whitening solution. The researchers stated that activated

charcoal can remove toxins from the teeth and gums. It claim that can be

used as alternative teeth whitening solution. Health Condition in UK stated

that activated charcoal is not advisable to be used as teeth whitening.

However, the US National Library stated that it is advisable since activated

charcoal “traps” chemicals in the mouth.

The study being presented above shows the effectiveness of the

activated charcoal as teeth whitening agent solution. There are a lot of

medical uses of the activated charcoal. Primarily, it was used for teeth

application. Based on the studies mentioned above, the activated charcoal is

effective as alternative teeth whitening. Even though there are some

 25

researchers who say it is not advisable yet, almost 75% says it can be used as

alternative teeth whitening.

Activated charcoal is an age-old material with various uses. However,

it gained recognition at the end of the 20th century and has only grown in

popularity since then for teeth whitening.

In 1834, an American physician used activated charcoal to save the

life of a patient who accidentally ingested mercury chloride. Since then,

many safe and effective uses of the substance have been discovered,

including using it to brush your teeth.

Activated charcoal is a finely milled black powder made from coconut

shells, bone char, olive pits, coal, sawdust, or other materials. The charcoal

is processed with high heat, which “activates” it. This changes its internal

structure, making it more porous than regular charcoal. Activated charcoal is

not just for teeth whitening, most of the hospitals, they use Activated

Charcoal for poison control, Also there are people who use activated

charcoal if they ingest allergens such as gluten or eat low-quality food on the

road, as it helps reduce intestinal distress.

 26

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study is an experimental type under quantitative approach, and it will

undergo experimentation since it is an investigation of observable

phenomena via mathematical expression of quantitative relationship. This

study is quantitative research since it deals about numbers or quantity of the

subject to gather data to analyze and to prove how effective the product is.

This experimental type of study needs to conduct pre-test and post-test to

achieve a clear result of gathered data. Experimentation is the method used

since it suited for the conducted study which is an experimental and to finish

the study the researchers must conduct experimentation to fulfill the data

needed.

Research Environment

The setting of this study is in Cross Road Cabancalan, Talamban,

Cebu City. It was almost 6 kilometers from Mandaue City. Specifically, the

experimental study will be conducted at Japos residence located at

Crossroad Cabancalan, Talamban, Cebu City where in the researchers find

the place as a convenient spot for the conducted study since it was not far
 27

from the school, the place is organized and is suitable for the conducted

study. As well as, to have safe activated charcoal the researchers bought it

on the Rose Pharmacy located at Colon, Cebu City.

Fig
ure 3. Map of Cross Road Cabancalan, Talamban, Cebu, City
as the General Setting of the Study

Figure 4. Rose Pharmacy where activated charcoal has been bought.

Colon Cebu, City Philippines
 28

Research Subjects

In conducting this study, the research subject that is used was the sea

shell named Ark Clam (Arcidae) for the pre-test and also for the post-test.

The seashell has the similarity to the teeth since it contains calcium that

adapts bacteria that causes its cavity same as the human teeth

This research subject suits the conducted study since it qualifies to the

study that the researchers has chosen and the prior needed in this subject is

to prove the effectiveness of activated charcoal as teeth whitening.

Research Instrument

In conducting research, the researchers must have the instruments to

pursue the conducted study. Spatula, mixing bowl, dropper, and tablespoon

are the tools used to accomplish the researchers’ experimental research study

using the activated charcoal, coconut oil, and peppermint as an ingredient to

completely experiment. Through the help of the ingredients, the researchers’

can conduct the experimental research study successfully.

 29

Qty Materials Picture/ Image Description Usage

1 Spatula The spatula is a flat, blunt blade
used for mixing. It is for the
three ingredients for the conducted
study the activated charcoal,
coconut oil, and the peppermint.

1 Mixing Bowl
The mixing bowl is a circle use as

tool wherein all the ingredients of

the conducted experiment must

be placed.

1 Dropper
The dropper is used to measure

the amount of the peppermint that

are mixed into the activated

charcoal.
 30

1 Plastic bottle
The plastic bottle will serve as

container for the finished the

product of the conducted

experiment.

1 Tablespoon A tablespoon is used to measure

the amount of coconut oil that is

Added to the mixture.

40 caps Activated The main component of the

conducted experiment. It helps
Charcoal
whiten the teeth.
 31

1 Peppermint The peppermint oil is a herbal

scent used for its aromatic properties

it is being added to add scent and

make breath more refreshing.

1 Coconut Oil The coconut oil can clean and help

prevent tooth decay.

This part provides the detailed description and complete preparation

including all the process, the details of data, data collection strategies and

approaches to achieve the objectives of the research study.

Phase 1. Seeking of the Transmittal Letter Approval

In the transmittal letter, the researchers wrote permission that must be

signed in order to conduct the research study. Its content must be related to

the study and must have its purpose to attain its approval. In this phase,

transmittal letter is done by the researchers and needed to be signed by the

University of Cebu - Banilad Campus Principal in Senior High School

Department, Ms. Maileen Grafilo – Ordiz, the research instructor Mr. Noniel
 32

John Vasquez Erno, and also the researchers. The transmittal letter needed to

be approved by the said people so that the researchers would be able to

continue the experimental study.

Phase 2. Preparation of the Instruments

In preparing instruments the researchers must be mindful of the tools

used, it must be suitable and appropriate for the conducted study. The

researchers have divided the task in completing the instruments by assigning

who will be the one who will find that instrument for the experimentation.

After that, the researchers inspected the materials if it was already

completed. Then, the researchers keep it aside for a while and then the

researchers prepared the place where must it be stored while it is not on use.

Phase 3. Experimentation

In experimenting the researchers must follow the guidelines and steps

in conducting it. Step 1, prepare all the materials and ingredients needed for

an experiment, step 2,follow the procedures: (a) put the activated charcoal in

the bowl; (b) add coconut oil; (c) put peppermint scent; (d) mix all the

ingredients and after that place it into the after bowl and put it in a plastic

bottle with foil as finished product; (e) apply it to the subjects serves as pre-

test, (f) observe and gather the data; (f) apply it again serves as post-test; (g)

analyze the data.

 33

Phase 4. Applied Test Experimentation

In this phase, it is where the actual experiment takes place done by the

researchers. The researchers applied the finished product to the human teeth

and waited for 3 to 4 minutes, and after that the researchers observed its

effect and changes. After that, the researchers gathered the data continuously

as the applied experimentation is going on. The researchers repeat their

application every day and then see their changes and observation. Then, the

researchers gathered details or data again.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researchers used the T-test in numbers one (1) up to four (4) since

the questions talk about significant difference meaning the researchers needs

to compare the results coming from the four (4) variables using pre-test and

post-test. Also, it needs to use the ANOVA one way analysis of variance.

For number one. Since the study determine whether there is a significant

difference between the effectiveness of activated charcoal in terms of

whiteness and plaque removal, the researchers have four various

concentration with one variable that is needs to be compared. This technique

can only be used for number or numerical responses data usually one

variable and numerical or categorical input data, always one variable, hence

“one-way.” The researcher’s used Excel as statistical software the obtained

 34

more clear result and findings. Also, T-test of unequal variance for question

number 3 since it suited for the questioned being asked.

CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA
 35

As a result of the experimentation that was conducted here of

presented, analyzed and interpreted gathered data in accordance as

correspondence to each of the research problems that were imposed in the

current investigation. This section includes facts and figures through the

experiment of the activated charcoal (carbon) as an effective alternative

teeth whitening solution.

The following are the reinstatement of the problems listed in this

research study. The results of the study described in the proceeding sections.

The problem that included in the current investigation was the

determination to know how effective activated charcoal (carbon) as

alternative teeth whitening solution.

Concentration Count Sum Average Variance

A 14 16 1.14 0.13
B 14 28 2 0
C 14 54 3.86 0.13
D 14 15 1.07 0.07
 36

Table 1. The Significant Difference between the Four Concentrations in

terms of whiteness

The table above was the summary result of the computation using the

ANOVA single factor. There was a significant difference among the

concentration in terms of whiteness. Concentration A has an average of 1.14

and a variance of 0.13 (poor satisfactory), concentration B has an average of

2 and a variance of 0 (satisfactory), concentration C has an average of 3.86

and a variance of 0.13 (most effective concentration) and lastly the

concentration D with an average of 1.07 and a variance of 0.07 (poor

satisfactory).

Source of SS df MS F P-value F crit

Variation
Between 70.63 4 17.66 206.67 7.7E-31 2.55
Groups
Within 4.36 51 0.08
Groups

Total 74.98 55        
 37

Table 2. Variance Analysis of Significant Difference between the four

Concentrations in terms of whiteness

A one-way between subjects’ ANOVA was utilized to find the effectivity

of the four various concentration. It was found out that, there was a

significant difference among those four concentration in terms of whiteness.

The concentration C was the most effective among the four concentrations.

P-Value is 7.7E-31 is greater than alpha=0.05. This finding is significant.

H01 was rejected. This simply means that there is a significant difference of

the four concentration in terms of whiteness.

The effect of the result would be very beneficial to the

beneficiaries of the experimental study. There was a significant difference

between the four various concentrations as presented by the table above

concentration A and D have a very poor satisfactory level of effectivity.

Concentration B has a satisfactory level of effectivity but the most effective

concentration was the concentration C.

Concentration Count Sum Average Variance

A 14 5040 360 0

B 14 3480 248.57 1028.57

C 14 2520 180 0

D 14 3360 240 0
 38

Table 3. Difference of the four various concentration in terms of the

duration of plaque removal.

Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between
Groups 236571.4 5 47314.29 176.92 1.51E-30 2.40
Within
Groups 13371.43 50 267.43

Total 249942.9 55        
Figure 4. Variance Analysis of Significant Difference of the Four

Concentrations in Terms of Removal of Plaque Removal

A one-way between subjects’ ANOVA was utilized to find the

effectivity of the four various concentration. It was found out that

concentration C could remove plaque faster among the four concentrations.

The P-Value is 6.21E-09 is greater than alpha=0.05 in the findings the

alternative hypothesis was accepted and the H01 was rejected. This means,

that there is a significant difference of the four concentration in terms of

duration of plaque removal.

Through the result, the beneficiaries would be able to identify the

most effect concentration in terms of duration of plaque removal. It is very

useful for future purposes.

 39

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances

Specifics N Mean SD Mean Computed P

Difference t Value

Most effective 14 4.33 0.33 0 0.02

Concentration

Commercial 14 3 0 3 `

Product

Table 5. Significant Difference between the alternative teeth whitening

and the commercial product in terms of whiteness.

The table above shows the result using T-test: Two-sample

assuming unequal variance has been used for the data in order to get the

result. It table above shows that there was a significant difference between

the activated charcoal and the commercial product. Since it have a 0

hypothesized mean difference and that the null hypothesis was rejected

therefore, there is a significant difference between the alternative teeth

whitening and the commercialized product in terms of whiteness and

duration of plaque removal.

 40

Activated charcoal as alternative whitening was more effective

than the commercial product. Therefore, the result would be a good help for

the beneficiaries choice in terms of teeth whitener.

Table 6. Difference between an alternative teeth whitening vs. the

commercial product in terms of duration of plaque removal.

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances

Specifics N Mean SD Mean Computed P

Difference t Value3

Most effective 14 900 0 2.35 0.02

Concentration

Commercial 14 0

Product

The table above shows the result using T-test: Two-sample

assuming unequal variance was used to get the result. The table above shows

that there was a significant difference between the activated charcoal and the

commercial product. . Since it has a 0 hypothesized mean difference and that

the null hypothesis was rejected therefore, there is a significant difference

 41

between the alternative teeth whitening and the commercialized product in

terms of whiteness and duration of plaque removal.

The result above has a very big help to beneficiaries. It proved

that it would be useful enough especially if it was being used. It can really

remove plaque to the teeth and whiten up the teeth more than what the

commercial toothpaste can.

This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets data the result shows

that there was a significant difference between four (4) various type of

concentration of activated charcoal in terms of whiteness, cleanliness and

durability of plaque removal. Also, concentration C showed up as the most

effective concentration in terms of whiteness and duration of plaque

removal. Additionally, there is a significant difference between the activated

charcoal as teeth whitening and the commercialized product in terms of

effectiveness regarding to its whiteness and duration of plaque removal.

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
 42

This experimental study aimed to provide knowledge and to

determine the effectiveness of the Activated Charcoal (Carbon) as an

alternative teeth whitening solution.

Specifically, the following questions will be raised:

1. Is there a significant difference on the following various concentrations:

1.1 concentration A(1 capsule of activated charcoal, 1 drop

peppermint oil, 1 tbs. coconut oil).

1.2 Concentration B (3 capsule of activated charcoal, 2 drop

peppermint oil, 2 tbs. coconut oil)

1.3 Concentration C (4 capsule of activated charcoal, 3 drop

peppermint oil, 3 tbs. coconut oil).

1.4 Concentration D (6 capsule of activated charcoal, 2 drop

peppermint oil, 2 tbs. coconut oil) in terms of:

A. Whiteness; and

B. Duration of plaque removal?

2. What is the most effective concentration in terms of:

 43

2.1. Whiteness; and

2.2. Duration of plaque removal?

3. Is there a significant difference between the alternative activated Charcoal

and the commercialize product in terms of expiration/ duration?

The main goal of the researchers was to prove the effectivity of

activated charcoal (Carbon) as alternative teeth whitening solution. And to

address the problem the researchers used experimental research that was

conducted at Japos residence due to the experimentation process that cannot

be done inside the school campus it is located at Crossroad Cabancalan

Talamban Cebu City. The researchers used seashells to determine its

effectivity.

Additionally, the researchers used materials that are all handy and can

be found at home. Using the statistical tool ANOVA for question number

one and T-test for question number 3 in order to get the correct answer.

FINDINGS
 44

Finding 1: There was a significant difference between the four

concentrations in terms of whiteness since its P-value was 7.7E-31 which

means its null hypothesis was rejected and its alternative hypothesis was

accepted. There was also a significant difference in the four concentration in

terms of duration for plaque removal since its P-value was 1.51E-30 which

means that the null hypothesis was been rejected while the alternative

hypothesis was accepted.

Finding 2: The most effective variable in terms of whiteness was the

concentration C which has the average of 3.86 and the variance of 0.13 and

in terms of plaque removal the same concentration was the most effective it

has an average of 180 and a variance of 0.

Finding 3: The commercial product indeed a good one, but when it was

compared to the most effective concentration it showed that the alternative

teeth whitening was more effective in terms of whiteness and duration of

plaque removal. Therefore, there was a significant difference between

activated charcoal product and the commercial product in terms of

whiteness. Its p-value was 0.016 which means the null hypothesis was

rejected while its alternative hypothesis is accepted. Also, there was a

significant difference between the alternative teeth whitening product and

commercial product in terms of duration of plaque removal.

 45

Which means that, the concentration A has a poor satisfactory in terms of

whiteness and the slowest in terms of duration for plaque removal,

concentration B has the level of satisfactory in terms of whiteness and fast in

terms of duration of plaque removal, concentration C was the most effect

concentration in both whiteness and duration of plaque removal while the

concentration D has the unsatisfactory level of whiteness and has a slow

duration of plaque removal. Furthermore, the most effective concentration

which was the concentration C was more effective than commercial product.

CONCLUSION
 46

Based on the findings, there was a significant difference from the

various concentration in terms of whiteness as well as in the terms of

duration. The most effective concentration among the four various

concentration was the concentration C which contained 4 capsule of

activated charcoal, 3 drop peppermint oil, 3 tbs. coconut oil. The effective

concentration was been compared to the commercialized product where the

researchers found out that there was a significant difference between the

activated charcoal product as alternative teeth whitening and the commercial

product in terms of whiteness and duration of plaque removal. As an over-all

view the study proved that the concentration C was the most effective

among them all.

RECOMMENDATIONS
 47

In the context of the study, the researchers highly recommended the

following:

1. To the teen agers be a keen observer in using the product

2. To the young adults prevent activated charcoal powder from scattering, be

careful when opening and applying to the teeth.

3. (a.)Adults and teenagers—Dose is usually 50 to 100 grams of activated

charcoal given one time; (b) Children 1 through 12 years of age—Dose is

usually 25 to 50 grams of activated charcoal given one time; (c.) Children up

to 1 year of age—Use is not recommended.

4. All the users should store the alternative charcoal concentration in a

closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct

light. Keep from freezing

5. All the beneficiaries should not use it more than three times a day since

activated charcoal is abrasive.

6. To all the beneficiaries if any symptoms felt consult a doctor.

 48

7. To all future researchers better conduct DOST sample out of the

experimented concentration to further validate the result.

 49

REFERENCES

Book References
Burchell, T. D. (Ed.). (1999). Carbon materials for advanced
technologies. Elsevier.
Dai, L. (Ed.). (2006). Carbon nanotechnology: recent developments in
chemistry, physics, materials science and device applications. Elsevier
Ebbesen, T. W. (1996). Carbon nanotubes: preparation and
properties. CRC press.

Journal References
Brooks, J. K., Bashirelahi, N., & Reynolds, M. A. (2017). Charcoal and
charcoal-based dentifrices: a literature review. The Journal of the
American Dental Association, 148(9), 661-670.
Chyka, P. A., & Seger, D. (1997). Position statement: single-dose activated
charcoal. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European
Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. Journal of
toxicology. Clinical toxicology, 35(7), 721-741.
Diouf, M., Boetsch, G., Ka, K., Tal-Dia, A., & Bonfil, J. J. (2013).
Socio-cultural aspects of oral health among the Fulani in Ferlo (Senegal): a
qualitative study. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 71(5), 1290-1295.
Féliz-Matos, L., Hernández, L. M., & Abreu, N. (2014). Dental
bleaching techniques; hydrogen-carbamide peroxides and light sources for
activation, an update. Mini review article. The open dentistry journal, 8, 264.
Johansson, L. B., Calleberg, E., & Gedin, A. (1990). Correlations
between activated charcoal, Fe‐EDTA and other organic media ingredients
in cultured anthers of Anemone canadensis. Physiologia Plantarum, 80(2),
243-249.
Lavrova, Z. (2009). U.S. Patent Application No. 12/381,940.
 50

Lewin, N. A., Howland, M. A., & Hoffman, R. S. (2011). Goldfrank's

toxicologic emergencies. L. Nelson (Ed.). New York:: McGraw-Hill
Medical.
Ramachandra, S. S., Dicksit, D. D., & Gundavarapu, K. C. (2014). Oral
health: charcoal brushes. British dental journal, 217(1), 3.
.
Rialdi, G. (1980). U.S. Patent No. 4,181,712. Washington, DC: U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office.
 51

Online References

Adan, M. (2018). Tried Activated Charcoal for Whiter Teeth.

Bosch, L. (2014) 10 Activated Charcoal Benefit & Uses
Caleb, M. (2018). Charcoal Teeth Whitening Really Whiten Teeth
Da Lu, J. (2004) Learn About Activated Charcoal.
Howland, G.(2018).mamanatural. charcoal-teeth-whitening.
Konig, H. (2015) Top 10 benefit using Activated Charcoal.
Levy, G. (1982). Gastrointestinal clearance of drugs with activated charcoal.
Lin, S.(2018). activated-charcoal-teeth-whitening.
McLaughlin, G. (2002). U.S. Patent Application No. 10/119,863.
Saulson, S. S. (1997). U.S. Patent No. 5,681,564. Washington, DC:
Pirelli, T.(2018).healthybutsmart.activated-charcoal.
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

APPENDICES

Table. 1. Whiteness
Excellent Very Satisfactory Unsatisfactor Poor
Concentratio Satisfactory y
n (5) (4) (3) (1)
(2)
 52

B
(3 capsule of
activated
charcoal, 2
drop
peppermint
oil, 2 tbs.
coconut oil)
Person 1
Person 2
Person 3
Person 4
Person 5
Person 6
Person 7
Person 8
Person 9
Person 10
Person 11
Person 12
Person 13
Person 14
 53

C
(4 capsule of
activated
charcoal, 3
drop
peppermint
oil, 3 tbs.
coconut oil)

Person 1
Person 2
Person 3
Person 4
Person 5
Person 6
Person 7
Person 8
Person 9
Person 10
Person 11
Person 12
Person 13
Person 14

D
(2 capsule of
activated
charcoal, 6
drop
peppermint
oil, 2tbs.
coconut oil)
Person 1
Person 2
Person 3
Person 4
Person 5
Person 6
Person 7
Person 8
Person 9
Person 10
Person 11
 54

Person 12
Person 13
Person 14

Table 2. Duration of Plaque Removal

Concentration Time per second

A
(1 capsule of activated charcoal, 1 drop
peppermint oil, 1 tbs. coconut oil)
Person 1
Person 2
Person 3
Person 4
Person 5
Person 6
Person 7
Person 8
Person 9
Person 10
Person 11
Person 12
Person 13
Person 14
B
(3 capsule of activated charcoal, 2 drop
peppermint oil, 2 tbs. coconut oil)
Person 1
Person 2
Person 3
Person 4
Person 5
Person 6
Person 7
Person 8
Person 9
Person 10
Person 11
Person 12
Person 13
Person 14
C
(4 capsule of activated charcoal, 3 drop
peppermint oil, 3 tbs. coconut oil)
Person 1
 55

Person 2
Person 3
Person 4
Person 5
Person 6
Person 7
Person 8
Person 9
Person 10
Person 11
Person 12
Person 13
Person 14
D
(2 capsule of activated charcoal, 6 drop
peppermint oil, 2tbs. coconut oil)
Person 1
Person 2
Person 3
Person 4
Person 5
Person 6
Person 7
Person 8
Person 9
Person 10
Person 11
Person 12
Person 13
Person 14

Table. 3. Whiteness of Activated charcoal Vs. Commercial Product

Product Excellent Very Satisfactory Unsatisfactor Poor

(5) Satisfactory (3) y (1)
(4) (2)
Activated
Charcoal

(most effective
concentration
 56

Commercial
Product

Table. 3.2 Duration of plaque removal of Activated charcoal Vs. Commercial

Product
Product Time per second
Activated Charcoal (most effective
concentration)
Commercial Product

Appendix A: Letter of Transmittal

 57

Appendix C: Location Map

Crossroad Cabancalan Talamban Cebu City

Japos Residence
 58

Activated Charcoal was bought

Rose Pharmacy Colon, Cebu City

Appendix D: Experiment Documentation

Phase 1
59
 60

Results and Computation of the Data

Table. 1. Whiteness
Excellent Very Satisfactory Unsatisfactor Poor
Concentratio Satisfactory y
n (5) (4) (3) (1)
(2)
A
(1 capsule of
activated
charcoal, 1
drop
peppermint
oil, 1 tbs.
coconut oil)
1
Person 1
Person 2 1
Person 3 1
Person 4 1
Person 5 1
Person 6 1
Person 7 1
Person 8 1
Person 9 1
Person 10 1
Person 11 2
Person 12 1
Person 13 1
Person 14
1
B
(3 capsule of
activated
charcoal, 2
drop
peppermint
oil, 2 tbs.
coconut oil)
2
Person 1
Person 2 2
Person 3 2
Person 4 2
Person 5 2
 61

Person 6 2
Person 7 2
Person 8 2
Person 9 2
Person 10 2
Person 11 2
Person 12
2
Person 13
Person 14 2

C
(4 capsule of
activated
charcoal, 3
drop
peppermint
oil, 3 tbs.
coconut oil)
4 /
Person 1
Person 2 4
Person 3 3
Person 4 4
Person 5 4
Person 6 4
Person 7 4
Person 8 4
Person 9 4
Person 10 4
Person 11 4
Person 12 3
Person 13 4
Person 14
4
D
(2 capsule of
activated
charcoal, 6
drop
peppermint
oil, 2tbs.
coconut oil)
1
Person 1
Person 2 1
Person 3 1
Person 4 1
 62

Person 5 1
Person 6 1
Person 7 1
Person 8 1
Person 9 1
Person 10 1
Person 11
1
Person 12
Person 13 1
Person 14 1

Table 2. Duration of Plaque Removal

Concentration Time per second (average)

A
(1 capsule of activated charcoal, 1 drop
peppermint oil, 1 tbs. coconut oil)

Person 1 360
Person 2 360
Person 3 360
Person 4 360
Person 5
360
Person 6
Person 7 360
Person 8 360
Person 9 360
Person 10 360
Person 11 360
Person 12 360
Person 13 360
Person 14 360
B
(3 capsule of activated charcoal, 2 drop
peppermint oil, 2 tbs. coconut oil)
Person 1 240
Person 2 240
Person 3 240
Person 4 240
Person 5 240
Person 6
240
Person 7
Person 8 240
Person 9 240
Person 10 240
240
 63

Person 11 240
Person 12 240
Person 13 240
Person 14
C
(4 capsule of activated charcoal, 3 drop
peppermint oil, 3 tbs. coconut oil)
Person 1 180
Person 2 180
Person 3 180
Person 4 180
Person 5 180
Person 6
180
Person 7
Person 8 180
Person 9 180
Person 10 180
Person 11 180
Person 12 180
Person 13 180
Person 14 180
D
(2 capsule of activated charcoal, 6 drop
peppermint oil, 2tbs. coconut oil)
Person 1 240
Person 2 240
Person 3 240
Person 4 240
Person 5 240
Person 6
240
Person 7
Person 8 240
Person 9 240
Person 10 240
Person 11 240
Person 12 240
Person 13 240
Person 14 240
 64

Table. 3. Whiteness of Activated charcoal Vs. Commercial Product

Product Excellent Very Satisfactory Unsatisfactor Poor

(5) Satisfactory (3) y (1)
(4) (2)
Activated
Charcoal /

(most effective
concentration
)
/
Commercial
Product

Table. 3.2 Duration of plaque removal of Activated charcoal Vs. Commercial

Product
Product Time per second
Activated Charcoal (most effective 180
concentration)
Commercial Product 240
 65

Appendix E: Curriculum Vitae of Researchers

Personal Information

Name: Myrna Dee Japos

Age: 18
Birth date: March 2, 2000
Religion: IFI
Status: Single

Educational Background`

Senior High School: University of Cebu-Banilad SHS

Strand: GAS
Junior High School: Mayor Pablo O. Lim Memorial High School

Achievements and Awards

● Consistent Honor Student

●2nd placer in Feature Writing Contest in a district press conference,
October 2017
●3rd placer in MTAP contestant in a district level, August 2017
●Senior High School Scholars Association ( Member), 2017-2018
●Supreme Student Government (SSG)-President, 2016-2017
●Editor in-chief- Gazette School Publication, 2016-2017

Skills
Good communication skills
Writing Skills
 66

Personal Information

Name: Bryan A. Meronio

Age: 18 years old
Birth date: November 23, 2000
Religion: Roman Catholic
Status: Single

Educational Background

Senior High School: University of Cebu Banilad Campus

Strand: General Academic Strand
Junior High School: Luke Christian Institute

Achievements and Awards

Skills

Communication skills
Ability to work hard under pressure
Can easily adopt new environment
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Personal Information

Name: Nelgie Carpina

Age: 18
Birth date: July 4,2000
Religion: Roman Catholic
Status: Single

Educational Background

Senior High School: University of Cebu Senior High School - Banilad

Campus
Strand: GAS
Junior High School: Talamban National High School

Achievements and Awards

Super Balita Editorial School Competition 3rd placer

Skills

Cooking
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Personal Information

Name: Jennie Rose Galano

Age: 18
Birth date: September 6, 2001
Religion: Roman Catholic
Status: Single

Educational Background

Senior High School: University of Cebu Banilad Campus

Strand: GAS
Junior High School: Apas National High School

Achievements and Awards

Skills

Good communication skills

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Personal Information

Name: Melody Fegarum

Age: 18
Birth date: May 17, 2001
Religion: Roman Catholic
Status: Single

Educational Background

Senior High School: University of Cebu- Banilad Campus

Strand: GAS
Junior High School: Talamban National High School

Achievements and Awards

Skills

Good communication skills

Singing