Unit 6 Readings Notes

6.1:
1/6: 13 MCQ, 1 FRQ
-Germinal stage: The germinal stage of pregnancy starts at the time of conception, when the
sperm and the egg combine to form a zygote. During the germinal stage, the zygote begins to
divide in order to implant into the uterine wall. Once implantation is complete, the embryonic
stage begins.
-Down Syndrome: - p. 644
-Zygote: - p. 489
-Embryo: p. 489
-Embryonic Stage: The embryonic stage lasts from about the third week of pregnancy until the
eighth week of pregnancy. The blastocyst begins to take on distinct human characteristics. It's
now called an embryo.
-Placenta: p. 489
-Teratogen: p. 490
-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: p. 490
-Fetal Stage: The fetal stage of development begins around the ninth week and lasts until birth.
This is when the embryo officially turns into a fetus. The fetus gets its assigned sex around nine
weeks of pregnancy, although your healthcare provider can't detect it on ultrasound yet.
-Fetal Development: p. 489-491, p. 545, p. 553-554
-Developmental Norms: Developmental norms are used to assess whether infants, toddlers,
children, and/or adolescents are developing cognitive, communication, motor, socioemotional,
and adaptive skills at approximately the same rate as their peers.
Heredity: -p. 129-130
Rooting: p. 402, p. 491
Motor Development: -p. 494-495
Conformity: -p. 775-778
Displaced Aggression: -p. 801-806
Vocal Aggression: The noisy students having P.E. outside our classroom window
6.2:
1/18: 24 MCQ, 1 FRQ
Attachment: p. 509-515
Margaret and Harry Harlow: -p. 509, p. 511
Konrad Lorenz: p. 510
Imprinting: p. 402, p. 510
Mary Ainsworth: p. 510-511
(In)Secure Attachment: p. p. 511
Ambivalent Attachment: People with an ambivalent attachment style (also referred to as
“anxious-preoccupied,” “ambivalent-anxious,” or simply “anxious attachment”) tend to be overly
needy. As the labels suggest, people with this attachment style are often anxious and uncertain,
lacking in self-esteem.
Erik Eriksson: p. 513, p. 539, p. 569
Trust: p. 513
Autonomy: p. 424
Initiative: If the child is placed in an environment where he/she can explore, make decisions,
and initiate activities, they have achieved initiative. On the other hand, if the child is put in an
environment where initiation is repressed through criticism and control, he/she will develop a
sense of guilt.
Industry: the fourth of Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development, occurring from ages
6 to 11 years, during which the child learns to be productive and to accept evaluation of their
efforts or becomes discouraged and feels inferior or incompetent.
Observational Learning: -p. 272, p. 312-318
Diana Baumrind: p. 290, p. 516, p. 527
Parenting (Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive, Neglectful): -p. 516-517
Habituation: -p. 271, p. 420, p. 491
Exhaustion stage of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome: p. 454-455
Jimi Hendrix: The best guitar player ever
6.3:
1/19: 16 MCQ, 2 FRQ
Jean Piaget: p. 13, p. 358, p. 498-500, p. 535
Assimilation: p. 498
Accommodation: - 498-499
Egocentric: -p. 501
Theory of the Mind: p. 315, p. 510-502, p. 505
Sensorimotor Stage: -p. 499-500, p. 503
Preoperational Stage: -p. 500-503
Concrete Operational Stage: -p. 502-503
Formal Operational Stage: -p. 502-503, p. 535
Lev Vygotsky: -p. 503-504
Scaffolding: -p. 503
Ethnocentrism: -p. 792
Optimistic Explanatory Style: -p. 692-693
Groupthink: -p. 788-789
Teacherthink: The Beatles are the greatest
6.4:
1/23: 4 MCQ, 1 FRQ
Puberty: -p. 533-534, p. 543, p. 545-547
Imaginary Audience: The imaginary audience is a psychological concept common to the
adolescent stage of human development. It refers to the belief that a person is under constant,
close observation by peers, family, and strangers.
Personal Fable: The Personal Fable is a belief held by many adolescents telling them that they
are special and unique, so much so that none of life's difficulties or problems will affect them
regardless of their behavior.
Identity vs. Role Confusion: Identity versus role confusion is the fifth stage of ego in
psychologist Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. This stage occurs during
adolescence between the ages of approximately 12 and 18. During this stage, adolescents explore
their independence and develop a sense of self.
James Marcia: Erik H. Erikson had suggested that the normative conflict occurring in
adolescence is the opposition between identity achievement and role confusion, which is
Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development. Marcia elaborated on Erikson’s proposal in a
citation classic by suggesting this stage consists neither of identity resolution nor identity
confusion as Erikson claimed, but is better understood as the extent to which one has both
explored and committed to an identity in a variety of life domains including politics, occupation,
religion, intimate relationships, friendships, and gender roles. 'Two crucial areas in which the
adolescent must make such commitments are ideology and occupation'.
Foreclosure: Dedication to an identity or set of values prematurely and without compromise is
known as identity foreclosure. Those with identity foreclosure accept the values that others like
parents, coaches, siblings, or instructors have placed on them without considering other roles or
visions for themselves they might prefer.
Identity Diffusion: Identity diffusion is a psychological phenomenon where a person doesn't
have a strong sense of who they are and they're not actively working on it, says Aimee Daramus,
PsyD, a clinical psychologist. As a result of identity diffusion, the person may feel like they don't
really know who they are.
Moratorium: During adolescence, we experience psychological moratorium, where teens put on
hold commitment to an identity while exploring the options.
Identity Achievement: It simply refers to having found one's true sense of self. It is a key
element of personality development and a process that begins in childhood, most notably in the
tween and teen years, and ends in adulthood.
Lawrence Kohlberg: -p. 535-536
Pre-conventional Morality: Pre-conventional Morality. Pre-conventional morality is the earliest
period of moral development. It lasts until around the age of 9. At this age, children's decisions
are primarily shaped by the expectations of adults and the consequences of breaking the rules.
Baseball: When does it start again?
6.5:
1/25: 13 MCQ, 2 FRQ
Intimacy vs. Isolation: Intimacy is the ability to be able to open up romantically and emotionally
to those closest to the individual. Those with intimacy have strong relationships with others.
Isolation is the inability to form close relationships. These individuals are more depressed and
lonely.
Generativity vs. Stagnation: Generativity refers to making a positive impact and contributing to
the world, such as through raising children, mentoring others, or engaging in meaningful work.
Stagnation, on the other hand, represents feeling stuck and unproductive, lacking a sense of
purpose.
Integrity vs. Despair: Characteristics of integrity include acceptance, a sense of wholeness, lack
of regret, feeling at peace, a sense of success and feelings of wisdom and acceptance. Despair
refers to looking back on life with feelings of regret, shame, or disappointment.
Erik Erickson: -p. 513, p. 539, p. 569
Death-Deferral Theory: -p: 559
Exhaustion stage of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome: -p. 454-455
Altruism: -p. 816-817
Extrinsic motivation: -p. 306
Teacher Motivation: Iced Americano
6.6:
1/26: 8 MCQ, 1 FRQ
Socrates: -p. 6
Conventional Morality: The conventional morality definition describes a level of development
where people judge their own moral worthiness in reference to what other people think of them,
which often entails obeying social conventions and norms.
Postconventional Morality: Postconventional morality, a concept developed largely by
psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, identifies the ethical reasoning of moral actors who make
decisions based on rights, values, duties, or principles that are (or could be) universalizable.
Carol Gilligan: -p. 522
De-individuation: Deindividuation is a concept in social psychology that is generally thought of
as the loss of self-awareness in groups, although this is a matter of contention (see below). For
the social psychologist, the level of analysis is the individual in the context of a social situation.
As such, social psychologists emphasize the role of internal psychological processes. Other social
scientists, such as sociologists, are more concerned with broad social, economic, political, and
historical factors that influence events in a given society.
Divination: The Detroit Lions
6.7:
1/30: 7 MCQ, 1 FRQ
Primary Sex Characteristics: Characteristics of an individual that are directly related to
reproduction.
Secondary Sex Characteristics: Characteristics of an individual that are indirectly related to
reproduction. (Broader shoulders for men/less facial hair for women)
Gender: Social, physical, and behavioral that are considered normal for men and women.
(learned aspects)
Sexual Orientation: An individual sexual attraction to a member of the same or other sex.
Socialization Methods: Family, School/Peer Groups, Environmental Factors, Media
Androgyny: the quality or state of being neither specifically feminine or masculine : the
combination of feminine and masculine characteristics : the quality or state of being
androgynous. For this brand, wearing unisex clothing perpetuates androgyny that pervades
runways and our own culture.
Intrinsic motivation: -p. 305
Mandalorian: A man with a code and a cute baby Yoda
Test: 2/1
6.1: 2 MCQ, 1 FRQ
6.2: 2 MCQ
6.3: 2 MCQ, 1 FRQ
6.4: 2 MCQ
6.5: 2 MCQ, 1 FRQ
6.6: 2 MCQ
6.7: 2 MCQ