Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • TLA 3.1 - Ionospheric Propagation Concepts

    Uploaded by

    Sam Puno
    12 views2 pages
    The document defines and explains key terms related to radio wave propagation: A skip distance is how far a radio wave travels, a skip zone is a region radio waves cannot reach, and the critical angle is the angle of incidence where the angle of refraction is 90 degrees. The critical frequency is the highest frequency a signal can have before penetrating the ionosphere, while the maximum usable frequency and optimum working frequency refer to the highest effective frequencies for skywave propagation. Virtual height describes the apparent height of signal reflection determined by a wave's travel time. Formulas are provided to calculate virtual height for flat and curved Earth models. Key factors affecting skywave propagation are also defined.

    Original Description:

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    The document defines and explains key terms related to radio wave propagation: A skip distance is how far a radio wave travels, a skip zone is a region radio waves cannot reach, and the critical angle is the angle of incidence where the angle of refraction is 90 degrees. The critical frequency is the highest frequency a signal can have before penetrating the ionosphere, while the maximum usable frequency and optimum working frequency refer to the highest effective frequencies for skywave propagation. Virtual height describes the apparent height of signal reflection determined by a wave's travel time. Formulas are provided to calculate virtual height for flat and curved Earth models. Key factors affecting skywave propagation are also defined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    12 views2 pages

    TLA 3.1 - Ionospheric Propagation Concepts

    Uploaded by

    Sam Puno
    The document defines and explains key terms related to radio wave propagation: A skip distance is how far a radio wave travels, a skip zone is a region radio waves cannot reach, and the critical angle is the angle of incidence where the angle of refraction is 90 degrees. The critical frequency is the highest frequency a signal can have before penetrating the ionosphere, while the maximum usable frequency and optimum working frequency refer to the highest effective frequencies for skywave propagation. Virtual height describes the apparent height of signal reflection determined by a wave's travel time. Formulas are provided to calculate virtual height for flat and curved Earth models. Key factors affecting skywave propagation are also defined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 2

    Define and explain the following terms in radio wave propagation.

    The explanation should be


    based on how you understand the concept and, it is not a computer-generated answer coming
    from an AI-based language learning model (e.g., ChatGPT).
    a. Skip Distance
    A skip distance is the distance a radio wave travels.

    b. Skip Zone
    A skip zone is a region where radio cannot be transmitted.

    c. Critical Angle
    It is the angle of incidence (angle of incident wave) where the angle of refraction is 90
    degrees.
    d. Critical Frequency
    It is the highest frequency possible for a radio signal before it starts penetrating the
    ionosphere.
    e. Maximum Usable Frequency
    The maximum usable frequency is the highest frequency that can be used for
    transmission through sky-wave propagation.
    f. Optimum Working Frequency
    It is similar to MUF, but a more general solution. It's the highest frequency that can be
    used effectively in sky-wave propagation that can be used with minimal issues in most
    atmospheric conditions.
    g. Virtual Height
    The height of the ionosphere, determined by how long a radio wave travels from a
    transmitter to the layer then back to the receiver.
    h. Formula and illustration on how to compute the virtual height.

    Flat earth:
    2ℎ
    𝐷 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 β
    Curve earth:
    −1 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠 β
    𝐷 = 2𝑅 · (900 − β − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑅+ℎ
    ) 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑠

    Underline which word makes the statement correct.

    Ionospheric Effect on Sky Waves


    ● The refractive ability of the ionosphere INCREASES/DECREASES with the degree of
    ionization.
    ● The bending of a wave at any given frequency or wavelength and angle of radiation will
    INCREASE/DECREASE and with an INCREASE/DECREASE in ionization density.
    ● The degree of ionization is LESSER/GREATER in summer than in winter and is also
    LESSER/GREATER during the day than at night.
    Frequency or Wavelength
    ● The bending of a wave at any given ionization density and angle of radiation will
    INCREASE/DECREASE with an INCREASE/DECREASE in wavelength
    (INCREASE/DECREASE in frequency).
    ● The LOWER/HIGHER the frequency, the MORE EASILY/HARDLY the signal is
    refracted.
    Angle of Radiation
    ● The bending of wave at any given frequency and ionization density will
    INCREASE/DECREASE with an INCREASE/DECREASE in the angle of radiation (the
    wave is NEARER/FARTHER from the horizon).

    You might also like