02Finish each sentences to such a way that it means

exactly the same as the given sentences

Before/ By the time: trước + QKĐ
After/ As soon as: sau + QKHT
a) When he was thirty five, he had become a well-known man. (by
the time)
=> By the time he was 35, he ……
I ate all the dinner. I got sick.
Before I got sick, I had eaten all the dinner.
Trước Sau
QKHT: QKĐ

b) Yu Yu said her prayers and then went to bed (after)

After Yu Yu had said her prayers, she went to bed.
c) People should realize the value of good health (the value of …)
=> The value of good health should be realized.
d) As soon as he had taken the poison, he died at once. (no sooner)
=> No sooner (câu đảo) = after (câu thuận) + QKHT
No sooner + had + S + PP + than + S + Ved

No sooner had he taken the poison than he died.

e) Both Pāḷi and Sankrit are difficult. (neither)
Neither Pali nor Sakrit is easy.
(both => sô nhiều, neither…nor… số ít)
04Join the following as compound sentences with given
conjunctions.

Fanboys
For – As (Bởi vì) , And, Nor (cũng không), But , Or, Yet (nhưng) ,
So (Vì vậy nên)
S1V1, and S2V2.

a) Suppiya spoke in dispraise of the Triple Gems. His pupil

Bramadatta spoke in praise of the Triple Gems. (but)
=> Suppiya spoke in dispraise of the Triple Gems, but his______.
b) Did they eat special fine rice? You and your teacher did it. (as)
=> Did they eat special fine rice as you and your teacher did.
c) He does not accept food out of the pots. He does not accept food at
the threshold. (nor) neither + V + nor + V
=> He neither accepts food out of the pots nor at the threshold.
N1 nor N2
=> He does not accept food out the pots, nor at the threshold.

d) The ascetic Gotama has mastered them completely. The other

teachers mastered them only in part. (although)
Although the ……, the ascetic….
e) The minister returned to the assembly, and he reported on the
situation. (and)

05Join the following sentences with given conjunctions or words

a) The Buddha was enlightened at 35. He taught the world until his
last breath. (after)
QKHT: had V3 => had been V3
QKĐ : V2
After the buddha had been enlightened at 35, he…..
b) Devadatta was ordained by the Buddha. Later he went against the
Lord. (although)
although Deva……. , later…..
c) Bimbisāra was assassinated by his son Ajātasatthu. His son wanted
to become a king quickly. (because / who)
Bimbisāra was assassinated by his son Ajātasatthu who wanted….
Bimbisāra was assassinated by his son Ajātasatthu because his son
wanted to become a king quickly.
d) I do not like his smoking. I do not like his drinking of alcohol.
(neither….. nor)
I neither like his smoking nor his drinking of alcohol.
e) He is foolish. He is disobedient. (not only, but also – không
những…. mà còn….)
He is not only foolish but also disobedient.
06Fill in blanks in such a way that it means exactly the same:
a) Students are not allowed to smoke in the bedrooms. (No one)
=> No one are allowed to …..
b) All mothers love their sons and daughters. (There is no )
=> There is no mother who does not love her sons and daughters.

c) If you get up early, you will not miss the breakfast.

(Unless = Phủ định IF)
=> Unless you don’t get early, you will not miss the breakfast.
We will fail the exam if we do not study hard. (unless = if not)
Unless we study hard, we will fail the exam.

d) The manager opened the windows as soon as she

entered the office. (No sooner … than…)
=> No sooner had she entered the office than the manager…..

e) The lecturer gives lectures and he goes back to men’s hostel.

After the lecturer gives lectures, he will go back to men’s hostel.
After I arrive the station, I will call you.
After + QKHT, QKĐ.
After + HTHT/ HTĐ, TLĐ.
After I have finished my homework, my father will come home.
After I finish my homework, my father will come home.
07Join the sentences with given words.
a) The Buddha did not appear in the world. There would be no
Arahants. (unless) (If not)
B1: xác định vế If (The Buddha)
B2: xác định thì của câu gốc (HT, QK, TL)
B3: TL => If 1 (If + HTĐ, S will Vo) , HT => If 2 (If QKĐ, S would
Vo) , QK => If 3 (If + QKHT, S + would have PP.)
B4: Thay if bằng unless, phủ định  khẳng định.
=> Unless the Buddha had appeared in the world, there would have
been no Arahants.
b) He was appointed as a teacher. Very soon he taught the class. (no
sooner, than)

No sooner had he appointed as a teacher than he taught the class.

Complete the following with either ‘since’ or ‘for’
HTHT since + mốc thời gian/ qkđ
HTHT for + khoảng thời gian
a) They have lived in this street. (1999/ the last ten years)
=> They have lived in this street since 1999.
b) I haven’t ridden a bicycle. (longer than I remember my childhood)
(+ for)
(5b) Finish each sentence in such a way that it means
exactly the same as the sentences that is given.
a) “Have you ever been to Bagan,” said he to her, “a treasure house in
Asia?”
=> He asked her if she had been to Bagan, which is a treasure house in
Asia.
b) My deed is my possession as well as my inheritance.
=> My deed is not only my possession but also my inheritance.
08Join the following sentences with given conjunctions:
a) Yasa goes forth for the teaching of the Buddha. His
friends go forth for the teaching of the Buddha. (as well as)
Yasa as well as his friends go forth….
b) A tortoise is a slow-going reptile. It wins the race against hare.
(although)
Although a tortoise is a slow-going reptile, it wins….
c) Sakka often suggested to his son Suvira to launch a march against
Asuras. Suvira ignored it (notwithstanding = despite = in spite of +
N/Ving)
=> Notwithstanding the fact that Sakka often suggested to his son
Suvira to launch a march against Asuras, Suvira ignored it.
 Notwithstanding Sakka’s frequent suggestion to his son Suvira to launch
a march against Asuras, Suvira ignored it.
d) He went forth and practiced meditation. Very soon he became an
Arahant. (No sooner, than)
No sooner had he gone forth and practiced meditation than he became
an Arahant.
e) Ānanda was a half-brother of the Lord Buddha. Ānanda was a
personal assistant of the Lord Buddha. (not only, but also)
=> Ananda was not only a half – brother of the Lord Buddha but also
a personal assistant….
09Join the following sentences with given
conjunctions
a) The king Suddhodana prevented his son from renouncing
the throne. He wanted his son to become the universal king. (because)
The king Suddhodana prevented his son from renouncing
the throne because he wanted his son to become the universal king.
=> Because the king Suddhodana wanted his son to become the
universal king, he prevented his son from renouncing the throne.
b) Prince Siddhatha renounced the throne. He renounced his family
and possessions. (as well as)
=> Prince Siddhatha renounced the throne as well as his family….
c) Paṭācārī was in despair on the loss of her parents and family. She
became a noble person after hearing the teaching of the Buddha.
(despite)
Despite being in despa….. Patacari’s parents and family, she…..
d)
The Lord Buddha is a Noble One. The Lord Buddha is an
Enlightened One, who realized Nibbana by himself. (not only, but
also).
The Lord Buddha is not only a Noble One but also an
Englightened one, who….
e) The rich man named Anāthapiṇḍika met the Buddha. He became a
noble person. (as soon as). No sooner
As soon as the rich man named Anathapindika had met the Buddha,
he….
10Rewrite the following sentences, using the
conjunctions given in brackets.
(a) If we are attached to our lives, we will not be free from suffering .
(Unless)
Unless we are not attached to our lives, we will not be free….

(b) However rich one is, he must leave everything one day.
Alhough one is/ may be rich, he must leave everything one day.

(c)Buddhist people meditate for the purpose of attaining the bliss of

Nibbana. (so that) S1V1, so S2V2. / S1V1 so that S2 + can/ would +
Vo.
Buddhist people meditate so that they can attain the bliss of Nibbana.
(d) Unless you are contented with what you get, you cannot live a
happy live. (Either … or)
Either you are contented wth what ….. or you cannot…..
(e)Sloth and indolence are the roads to death. (not only … but also)
Not only slolth but also indolence are the roads to death.
11Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the
same as the sentence given

a) ‘I wish to speak to your father,’ said the teacher to the boy.

The teacher told the boy that he wished to speak to the boy’s father.
b) People are not allowed to walk on the grass in public garden.
=> No one is allowed to walk….

c) Yangon is the most popular city in Myanmar.

No other city in Myanmar is more popular than Yangon.
Tính từ ngắn: có 1 âm tiết/ 2 âm tiết có Tính từ dài: 2 âm tiết trở lên
đuôi –ly (friendlier)
- So sánh hơn: Adj-er + than More adj + than
- So sánh nhất: the adj-est The most adj

No other boy in the class is smarter than him.(SSH)

=> SSN: He is the smartest boy in the class.

She is the tallest person in her family. (SSN) => No one in her family is taller than her.
d) ‘Who has stolen my watch?’ she asked.

She wanted to know who had stolen her watch.

f) His father beat him for not attending class regularly. (beat – beat –
beaten)
He was beaten ……… by his father.
19Join the following sentences with given conjunction or
words.
(a) I am very tired; I can sleep all night. (enough to)
S + be/V + adj/adv + enough to + Vo.
I am tall enough to get the book.
S + V (have/ get) + enough + N + to Vo.
I have enough money to buy this item.
I am tired enough to sleep all night.
(b) The book is very difficult; I can’t read it. (too … for)
Too + adj + (for + O) + to Vo.
Vì quá ….. mà O không thể làm gì.
The book is too difficult for me to read.
 The book is not easy enough for me to read.
He didn't drive slowly enough for us to keep pace with.
=> He drove too fast for us to keep pace with.
The child isn't tall enough to reach the ceiling.
=> The child is too short to reach the ceiling. (trần nhà)

c) Put your coat on. If you don’t, you will catch cold. (or else)
S1V1 , or else + S2 V2 (or else = if not = or)
Put your coat on, or else you will catch cold.
(d) They live in the same building. They hardly see each other.
(despite / in spite of)
Despite living in the same building, they…..
(e) You have to speak very slowly or he won’t be able to understand
you. (unless)
B1: nhìn câu gốc và xác định thì.
B2: Gốc tương lai => If 1; ht => If 2; qk => If 3
B3: Viết lại câu
B4: Thay If = Unless + phủ định vế If.
If you speak very slowly, he will be able to understand you.
Unless you don’t speak very slowly, he will be able to understand you.
23Finish each sentence in each in way that it means exactly
the same as the sentence that is given.
1. As soon as he had read a book, he left from his room.
No sooner had he read a book than he left from his room.

2. If you did not follow the rules and regulations, you would get
in trouble.
Unless you followed the rules and regulations, you would get in trouble.

3. The Buddha said to us, “You must do good deed, not to do evil
deed and to purify your mind.”
The Buddha preached to us that we had do good deed, not to do….
Our mind.

4. A monk studies religious subjects. A novice studies religious

subjects.
Both… and…
Both a monk and a novie studies religious subjects.

5. The Buddha preached the first sermon to a group of five ascetics.

A group of ascetics was preached the first sermon by the Buddha.
13Join two clauses, using RELATIVE PRONOUN
1.A lay adherent does not observe five precepts. He lives the
home-life without self-confidence.
A lay adherent who does not observe five precepts lives the home-
life without self – confidence.
2. Nibbāna is our ultimate goal. Why do we want to attain
to it?
Why do we want to attain Nibbana, which is our ultimate goal?

3. Bagan is traditionally known to be founded in the 9th

century. It reached the zenith of its political and cultural
progress during the dynasty of “Temple builders”.
Bagan, which is……., reached the….
Bagan, which reached…. , is traditionally….

4. Myanmar is situated in Southeast Asia. It is a

predominantly Theravāda Buddhist country.
Myanmar, which is a predominantly Theravada Buddist country, is
situated in SA.
5. Our Rector Sayadaw is a learned one. He is now 72 years
old.
Our Rector Sayadaw, who is now 72 years old , is learned one.

b) Rewrite the following, omitting RELATIVE

PRONOUN
1. Everyone loves a person who disseminates lovingkindness
impersonally.
2. One day we have to leave everything which we
possess.
3. A person who is much knowledge may make mistakes
when lacking a good sense.

4. A person who offers only lip-service will lose other’s

admiration
5. Tears which are differently dependent on individuals as
cool or hot are said to be medicinal.