ZERO

CARBON
STANDARD
1.0
A Visionary Path to a
Carbon-Positive Future

SEPTEMBER 2020
VISION

WE ENVISION A WORLD
OF CARBON-POSITIVE
BUILDINGS AND PRODUCTS
THAT REVERSE CLIMATE
CHANGE, HELPING
PEOPLE AND LOCAL
ECONOMIES THRIVE.
II | Zero Carbon Standard 1.0
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2
VALUE PROPOSITION 4
TYPOLOGIES 6
CERTIFICATION SCOPE 7
REQUIREMENTS 10
DOCUMENTATION OVERVIEW 12
CERTIFICATION: PATHWAYS 14
CERTIFICATION: PROCESS 15
RESOURCES 16
OTHER ILFI PROGRAMS 18
EDUCATION + EVENTS 19
AMBASSADOR NETWORK 20
GLOSSARY 22

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Zero Carbon Standard 1.0 | 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Zero Carbon Certification was developed by the International
Living Future Institute (ILFI or the Institute) in 2018 to directly
address the building sector’s role in the global climate crisis.
Building construction and operations currently contribute nearly
40% of global greenhouse gas emissions,1 which are conclusively
linked to a rise in global average temperatures and associated
threats to the health and prosperity of humans and ecosystems.
ILFI developed Zero Carbon to establish a scalable pathway to
a carbon-positive building sector to reverse climate change and
ensure global communities thrive.
Zero Carbon Certification is a third-party verified industry-
recognized standard verifying that the operational and embodied
carbon emissions of a built project have been neutralized. By
achieving the performance targets of Zero Carbon Certification,
organizations demonstrate a credible and comprehensive
approach to carbon neutrality to enhance the resilience and asset
value of a built project.
Performance requirements are specified for new and existing
buildings, and reflect the following key principles:
Projects must first reduce operational energy use
and embodied carbon emissions associated with
building materials and construction, while introducing
no new combustion.
100% of the operational energy use associated
with a project must be offset by new on- or off-site
renewable energy.
100% of the embodied carbon emissions associated
with the construction and materials of a project must
be disclosed and offset.

1 Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction, 2018 Global Status Report (2018)

2 | Zero Carbon Standard 1.0

SALESFORCE TOWER, ZERO CARBON VOLUME CERTIFICATION PILOT
PROJECT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA | COURTESY OF SALESFORCE

Zero Carbon Standard 1.0 | 3

 Zero Carbon Certification offers a valuable tool for organizations
to demonstrate credible climate action through their built projects.
This program establishes rigorous and achievable criteria for
comprehensive carbon neutrality across a wide range of sectors and
project scales. Certifying Zero Carbon offers the following benefits:

AUTHENTICITY
Zero Carbon is recognized as the only international standard
focused on building-scale carbon emissions and requiring full
decarbonization. 2 ILFI’s Zero Carbon standard comprehensively
addresses both the operational and embodied emissions associated
with a built project. Zero Carbon Certification is verified through
measured performance rather than predicted outcomes, and
demonstrates leadership through an authentic commitment to
decarbonization.

RESILIENCE
The best-in-class performance requirements of Zero Carbon ensure
durability and low operational expenses for years to come. This
certification uniquely promotes the elimination of new sources of
combustion that can negatively impact occupant health, safety,
and productivity. Zero Carbon also targets investment towards
permanent carbon sinks and a clean energy sector to ensure lasting
global benefits.

ASSET VALUE
Zero Carbon offers a cost-effective solution for the world’s leading
companies that are committed to decarbonization. Incorporating
strategies to reduce both operational and embodied carbon preserves
the asset value of a built project by future-proofing it against emerging
carbon regulations and energy cost volatilities. Zero Carbon
Certification also offers a unique platform to positively engage
stakeholders and investors who value demonstrated climate action.

2 Bionova Ltd., Embodied Carbon Review (2018)

4 | Zero Carbon Standard 1.0

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Zero Carbon Standard 1.0 | 5
TYPOLOGIES

The International Living Future Institute designed Zero Carbon to

be a versatile standard applicable to any building type, scale, or
location. Guidance is provided for two typologies:

NEW BUILDINGS: a project that encompasses the

construction of a new building

EXISTING BUILDINGS: a project that alters either the

envelope or the major systems of a building

Within each of those two typologies, project teams may define

a certification scope that is either comprehensive to the entire
building or a contiguous interior portion of the building, such as
a tenant space. Zero Carbon is a building-focused certification
and does not currently include typologies for landscape and
infrastructure projects.

Projects with an interiors-only scope should follow the guidelines

that apply to the typology of their base building. For example,
a new tenant fit-out project in an existing building should utilize
the existing building requirements. Note that base buildings are
considered existing if design development commenced prior to the
Zero Carbon Standard creation date, April 10, 2018.

GOOGLE’S PANCRAS SQUARE, ZERO CARBON CERTIFIED, LONDON, UK

COURTESY OF GOOGLE
6 | Zero Carbon Standard 1.0
SALESFORCE TOWER, ZERO CARBON VOLUME
CERTIFICATION PILOT PROJECT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA
COURTESY OF SALESFORCE
Zero Carbon Standard 1.0 | 7
 GOOGLE’S PANCRAS SQUARE,
ZERO CARBON CERTIFIED, LONDON, UK
COURTESY OF GOOGLE

OPERATIONAL EMBODIED
CARBON CARBON

8 | Zero Carbon Standard 1.0

 CERTIFICATION SCOPE

The Zero Carbon Certification program requires project

teams to demonstrate measured carbon neutrality in the
project’s operational and embodied carbon emissions.
OPERATIONAL CARBON is defined The Zero Carbon Certification program is
as the greenhouse gas emissions associated structured around three key strategies:
with the operational energy use of a building.
This includes all carbon from energy required REDUCE operational and embodied carbon
to heat and power the building, including but emissions through design optimization, the
not limited to lighting, plug loads, heating use of efficient and combustion-free building
and cooling, and cooking. systems, and the responsible selection of
materials;
EMBODIED CARBON is defined as the
greenhouse gas emissions associated with DISCLOSE the actual energy consumption of
the raw material extraction, manufacturing the building and the embodied carbon of the
and processing, transportation, and installed materials and construction process;
installation of all building materials.
OFFSET all carbon emissions associated
with the project through the procurement
of renewable energy, carbon-sequestering
materials, and carbon offsets.

SALESFORCE TOWER, ZERO CARBON VOLUME

CERTIFICATION PILOT PROJECT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA Zero Carbon Standard 1.0 | 9
COURTESY OF SALESFORCE
 REQUIREMENTS

OPERATIONAL
CARBON
Projects seeking Zero Carbon certification must
meet an energy efficiency target over a 12-month
performance period. The targets are specified
based on building type, size and location:

• New Buildings: 25% reduction of energy use

intensity (EUI) from an equivalent new building
that would comply with ASHRAE 90.1-2010

• Existing Buildings: 30% reduction of EUI

from a typical existing building of an equivalent
type, size and location 3

No new sources of combustion may be added

to the project. 4/5

One hundred percent of the operational energy

use associated with the project must be provided by
new6 on- or off-site renewable energy.
3 See Handbook for additional guidance on tools and data that
may be used to define a project energy baseline.

4 Existing buildings may utilize existing forms of combustion.

The volume of all forms of energy used by the building during the
performance period shall be converted to a kilowatt hour equivalent
to determine efficiency performance target and required offset.

5 Exceptions are provided for combustion-based process uses,

including commercial food preparation. See Handbook for details.

6 Demonstrates additionality and attribution to the project.

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10 | Zero Carbon Standard 1.0
 SALESFORCE TOWER, ZERO CARBON VOLUME
CERTIFICATION PILOT PROJECT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA
COURTESY OF SALESFORCE
REQUIREMENTS

EMBODIED
CARBON
The embodied carbon emissions of primary
materials7 must be reduced by 10% compared to
a baseline building 8 of equivalent size, function,
and energy performance.

The total embodied carbon 9 of the project

building may not exceed 500kg CO2e/m2.10

One hundred percent of the embodied

carbon emissions impacts associated with
the construction and materials of the project11
must be disclosed and offset through the use
of on-site carbon-sequestering materials or by
a one-time purchase of carbon offsets from an
ILFI-approved source.12

7 Materials of the building foundation, structure, and enclosure.

See Handbook for guidance.
8 Baseline is established by project team and must be based on
typical design; reductions must result from intentional action.
See Handbook for guidance.
9 Total embodied carbon includes primary and interior materials.
See Handbook for guidance on example material types and
the recommended scope for life cycle assessment.
10 See Handbook for additional guidance on the interpretation of
this embodied carbon target.
11 A life cycle assessment must be performed to obtain these
emissions impacts. See Handbook for guidance.
12 Carbon offsets must be Green-e certified. See Handbook for
guidance.

Zero Carbon Standard 1.0 | 11

CERTIFICATION: PATHWAYS

Zero Carbon Certification is awarded through a two-part process, including 1) a Ready Audit upon completion
of construction and 2) a Final Audit after a 12-month performance period. This process allows for early
recognition once systems are in place as well as performance-based verification to ensure that intended
outcomes are achieved. The International Living Future Institute offers the following options for either single
building certification or streamlined certification across a portfolio of projects.

SINGLE BUILDING CERTIFICATION VOLUME CERTIFICATION

Upon completion of building construction, Zero Carbon Certification can be

after a Certificate of Occupancy is issued,
documentation is submitted for the
Ready Audit, the first part of the two-
step certification process. This third-party
audit includes a review of embodied
carbon strategies and offsets along with
operational carbon energy models. A Zero
Carbon Ready designation is issued if the
project meets all requirements for this first
audit and will be valid for two year. Prior
to expiration of the two-year term, project
teams may apply for extensions in six-
month increments, if necessary.
After a 12-month performance period
with continuous occupancy of at least
85 percent, a Final Audit is conducted.
Documentation of energy performance is
submitted and reviewed, and a Zero Carbon
Certification is awarded.
applied across a portfolio of building
projects through ILFI’s Zero Carbon
Volume program. The purpose of Volume
Certification is to provide early-stage,
third-party verification of corporate
carbon commitments and to reduce cost
and create efficiencies in the certification
process. Volume Certification is awarded to
the organization after an ILFI-administered
third-party audit of its development
standards. Buildings within the Volume
Certification scope may then be recognized
as Zero Carbon following streamlined
audits conducted after each building’s
12-month performance period.
The scope of a Volume Certification
program is co-defined by the project team
and ILFI; Volume can be applied to diverse
project types across different regions or a
contiguous cluster of similar projects, such
as a campus development.

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12 | Zero Carbon Standard 1.0 COURTESY OF DPR

Single project certification follows the certification process in this section. The
certification process for the Volume Pathway is defined through an established
agreement between the project team and ILFI.
REGISTRATION
Project teams can gain access to ILFI resources, customer support,
and the online certification system by registering a project. Project
teams are encouraged to register a project early, during the
concept design phase, in order to take advantage of online ILFI
resources and customer support.
The registration process is as follows:
• The project team lead must have a current Premium Membership
with the International Living Future Institute to register a
project. To become a premium member and to learn more about
its benefits, visit: living-future.org/membership. All project
team members are encouraged to maintain ILFI membership
throughout the term of the project in order to access the
continually-updated resources and educational content provided
by the Institute.
• Project registration can be completed through the Membership
Dashboard by logging in at living-future.org and then following
the instructions under “Register a Zero Carbon Project.” The
project may be marked as confidential at registration.
Certification
Throughout the design and construction phases of a project,
the required project documentation should be compiled and
organized. Once the project is completed and 85% occupied, the
performance of a project should be monitored to determine when
the 12-month performance period can commence.
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CERTIFICATION: PROCESS
Project data can be submitted through ILFI’s certification
portal prior to both the Ready and Final audits. Prior to the
commencement of the Ready audit, certification fees will be
assessed based on the project floor area and selected certification
pathway.
The certification process is as follows:
• Upon receipt and confirmation of project documentation, ILFI
assigns an auditor to perform an independent, third-party audit
of all submitted documentation.
• The auditor submits a summary of requested clarifications
required from the project team, which may include requests to
submit supplemental documents or information.
• After review of the supplemental information, the auditor issues
a final report with determination of certification. If project
certification is denied, the project team is given the option to
appeal the determination.
Project teams should anticipate a 6-8 week timeframe for the full
certification process, which varies depending on project size and
complexity, team responsiveness to auditor clarification requests,
and auditor availability.
PROGRAM FEES
Note that all auditor fees are included in certification fees.
Certification fees are non-refundable and subject to change. All
applicable fees are listed on the living-future.org website.
Zero Carbon Standard 1.0 | 13
DOCUMENTATION OVERVIEW AMERICAN SAMOA EPA OFFICE,
ZERO ENERGY CERTIFIED, UTULEI, AMERICAN SAMOA
COURTESY OF AS-EPA

Below is an overview of documentation required to achieve Zero Carbon

Certification. For detailed guidance regarding the documentation
requirements, see the Zero Carbon Handbook.

PROJECT STRATEGY + SUPPORTING INFORMATION

Information describing the strategies and methods used to meet operational

and embodied carbon requirements. Supporting documentation includes:

• Energy efficiency strategy narrative + supporting assumptions

• Embodied carbon reduction strategy narrative + supporting calculations

• Procurement contracts for renewable energy

• Procurement contracts for carbon offsets

• Energy systems diagrams and/or development standards

PERFORMANCE DATA

Measured project data verifying the actual operation of systems and

demonstrating compliance with the performance requirements over a 12 month
performance period. Supporting documentation includes:

• Meter data and utility bills for energy consumption

• Meter data for on-site renewable energy production (if installed)

• As-built material types and quantities

14 | Zero Carbon Standard 1.0

The table below is an overview of the documentation requirements, illustrating
the structure of documentation submission for each certification pathway.

Zero Carbon Standard 1.0 | 15

RESOURCES
EMBODIED CARBON GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
The Embodied Carbon Guidance Document was created to
provide rigorous and authentic practices and methodologies
to illustrate a common understanding of embodied carbon.
This guidance seeks to help project teams quantify the
reductions made within their projects and empower them
to create measurable change to meet their climate action
goals. Key points of clarification within this document include
embodied carbon reduction types and strategies, calculation
scope and methodology, and approved tools and calculators.
ZERO CARBON WEBSITE
An online resource for project teams and others, the Zero
Carbon website provides an overview of the program and
resources to support the certification process—including fee
schedules for certification, detailed case studies of certified
projects, and educational resources. Additional guidance
documents and other resources are available to registered
project teams.
ZERO CARBON HANDBOOK
The Zero Carbon Handbook is a critical resource for project
teams pursuing Zero Carbon Certification. The Handbook
contains the clarifications, exceptions, and definitions needed
to fully understand requirements and compliance options.
The Embodied Carbon Guidance Document focuses on
methodology and guidance surrounding embodied carbon
whereas the Zero Carbon Handbook is a comprehensive
resource that addresses requirements, guidance,
documentation, and more, for both operational and
16 | Zero Carbon Standard 1.0
embodied carbon. ILFI consolidates feedback from project
teams into this comprehensive reference that is periodically
updated to include all current Dialogue posts. The Handbook
is a reference tool and should be used in conjunction with the
Dialogue to ensure that the most up-to-date rulings
are understood. The Handbook is available through
ILFI’s Membership Dashboard.
THE DIALOGUE
The Dialogue is an online platform for the transparent
exchange of ideas between project teams and the Institute—
it is the official site to request feedback on proposed
strategies for meeting the requirements for ILFI’s programs.
The Dialogue allows for current unknowns to be discovered
and shared in real time as project teams proceed with their
projects and research. It provides teams with the flexibility
to get information most relevant to their work, such as in-
depth commentaries, compliance paths, clarifications, and
temporary exceptions.
Filterable based on specific content, the activity in the
Dialogue not only serves as a platform for distributing
strategies for success, it also yields modifications to future
releases of the Standard itself. In this way, the Dialogue
captures the ongoing evolution of the program and gives
credit to the hundreds, if not thousands, of individuals who
contribute to the process. Only project team members can
post questions to the Dialogue, but responses are available
publicly as searchable articles.
TRIM TAB
Trim Tab is the Institute’s quarterly digital magazine and
blog. Trim Tab features provocative articles, interviews,
and news about people and designs transforming the built
environment. Each digital issue is distributed to ILFI’s full
list of newsletter subscribers and archived on the Trim Tab
site, which is free to all readers. Jumpstart your learning at
living-future.org/trimtab.

RESEARCH
Despite the rigor of ILFI’s programs, project teams are
proving that the ambitious requirements of the program are
achievable. However, both perceived and real barriers to
success still exist that are technical, regulatory, behavioral,
or financial—or a combination of these influencing factors.
In collaboration with partners in the design and construction
field, local and state governments, and other forward-
thinking nonprofits, the Institute is spearheading efforts to
carry out cutting-edge research and create practical tools.
The latest published reports are posted on the Institute’s
website: living-future.org/research.

Zero Carbon Standard 1.0 | 17

OTHER ILFI PROGRAMS

LIVING BUILDING CHALLENGE CERTIFICATIONS

Living Certification
The Living Building Challenge (LBC) is a philosophy, certification, and advocacy tool for
projects to become truly regenerative. LBC consists of seven performance categories, or
“Petals”: Place, Water, Energy, Health + Happiness, Materials, Equity and Beauty. Projects
pursuing LBC Certification must meet all twenty Imperatives within all seven Petals and verify
performance of energy and water through a twelve-month performance period. Explore the
Standard on our website.
CERTIFIED
PETAL Petal Certification
Petal Certification is for projects that want to take a deep dive into one particular focus area,
or Petal, of the Living Building Challenge. This certification requires the achievement of all the
Core Imperatives, in addition to the Imperatives in either the Water, Energy, or Materials Petal.

CORE GREEN BUILDING

CORE
The Core Green Building Certification (Core Certification) is for projects seeking a high
aspiration certification that is verified, holistic, and achievable. Projects must meet the
GREEN BUILDING requirements of the ten Core Imperatives – up to two Core Imperatives per Petal – and
CERTIFICATION verify performance for energy and water through a twelve-month performance period. All
Imperatives required for this certification are consolidated into the Core Green Building
Certification Standard.

ZERO ENERGY
The Zero Energy (ZE) Certification is for projects focused on achieving net zero energy
through the on-site production of renewable energy. The building industry has characterized
net zero energy in many ways, but ILFI has a simple definition: one hundred percent of the
building’s energy needs on a net annual basis must be supplied by on-site renewable energy,
with no combustion. Explore the requirements on the Institute’s website.

18 | Zero Carbon Standard 1.0

 EDUCATION + EVENTS

The Institute is dedicated to transforming theory and practice in all sectors of the
building industry, and offers several ways to broaden knowledge of deep-green
building principles and practices, including the following:

PUBLIC IN-PERSON + ONLINE WORKSHOPS

The Institute offers in-person and online workshops taught by expert faculty about
Zero Carbon, the Living Building Challenge, other Living Future Challenges and
ILFI transparency labels, and related topics. Workshops are continually developed
throughout the year and are announced on the website and in our newsletters. On-
demand courses (and pre-recorded webinars) are always available on the website.

The Institute welcomes suggestions for future workshops and other educational content.
Contact Institute staff to discuss options for hosting a workshop locally by emailing
education@living-future.org.

LIVING FUTURE ACCREDITATION (LFA)

To encourage the pursuit of this education, the Institute also offers Living Future
Accreditation. The LFA is designed to acknowledge the most advanced and progressive-
thinking professionals who are working toward a living future. Learn more on our
website.

LIVING FUTURE UNCONFERENCE

The Institute’s Living Future unConference is the flagship annual event for leading minds
in the green building movement seeking solutions to the most daunting global issues
of our time. Out-of-the-ordinary learning and networking formats deliver innovative
design strategies, in-depth case studies, cutting-edge technical information, and
much-needed inspiration to achieve progress toward a truly living future. Conference
sessions encourage a hopeful approach to the planet’s economic, ecological, and social
challenges, and offer solutions for sites, infrastructure, buildings, neighborhoods and
products.

The Living Future unConference offers project teams the opportunity to network with
other teams with similar project types, climates, or regulatory challenges to help model
and scale Zero Carbon and other ILFI programs.

Zero Carbon Standard 1.0 | 19

AMBASSADOR NETWORK

LIVING FUTURE AMBASSADOR NETWORK

AND COLLABORATIVES

The Ambassador Network is a global initiative to

encourage the rapid and widespread adoption of
restorative principles guided by ILFI’s programs.
Professionals from all walks of life are encouraged
to sign up for the Ambassador Network and help
us spread the word about a Living Future. The
power of the network allows best practices and
ideas to be shared globally, harnessing the best of
social media and communication tools for rapid
interchange. The Network has been designed to
support the continued flow of ideas and solutions
among participants and the Institute. It presents
numerous options for engagement, and the Institute
has created a wealth of related training materials
and resources.

Additionally, this expanding network of individuals

forms groups called Collaboratives all around the
world. These community-based groups meet in
person regularly to share knowledge and create
local conditions that support the development
of a Living Future. Collaboratives are overseen
by trained Collaborative Facilitators, who are
responsible for cultivating a welcoming environment
for grassroots involvement and outreach.

To access more information about the Ambassador

Network or to find your local Collaborative, visit the
Institute’s website at living-future.org/network.

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20 | Zero Carbon Standard 1.0
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Zero Carbon Standard 1.0 | 21
GLOSSARY
Embodied Carbon
The greenhouse gas emissions
associated with the raw material
extraction, manufacturing and
processing, transportation, and
installation of a building material.
Energy Needs
All electricity, heating and cooling
requirements, including resilience
strategies, of either grid-tied or
off-grid systems. Backup generators
are excluded.
Energy Use Intensity (EUI)
Energy use intensity is a relative
measure of a building’s operational
energy use per unit of floor area, and is
commonly expressed as either kilo-BTU
per square foot per year or kilowatt-
hour per square meter per year.
Operational Carbon
The greenhouse gas emissions
associated with the operational energy
use of a building, or life cycle stage B6
(as defined by EN 15798).
Performance Period
A continuous 12-month period used for
evaluating project performance. The
performance period may begin at any
time after a minimum of 85% of gross
building area is occupied.
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22 | Zero Carbon Standard 1.0
Portfolio
For the purposes of Zero Carbon,
Core, and the Living Building
Challenge, a project portfolio is
multiple buildings owned by the same
entity, spread out through a campus,
community or larger area.
Primary Materials
The permanently installed building
components that comprise the
foundation, structure, and enclosure
of a building.
Renewable Energy
Energy generated through passive
solar, photovoltaics, solar thermal,
wind turbines, water-powered
micro-turbines, direct geothermal,
or fuel cells powered by hydrogen
generated from renewably powered
electrolysis. Combustion-based
sources are not renewable and are
only allowed in certain circumstances
with an Exception. Nuclear energy
is not considered by the International
Living Future Institute to be a
renewable energy option.
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Zero Carbon Standard 1.0 | 23
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