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When Buhari came to power, the aggressive military operation that commenced at the tail end of
Jonathan’s administration was intensified. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and
more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. The paper recommends a strategic
paradigm shift from anti-terrorism to counter-terrorism as a strategy for containing the crisis. The
Nigerian State has deployed efforts and resources in combating the terrorist insurgency since its
violent escalation in 2009; however, the insurgency continues to unleash acts of terror on the country.
As a matter of concern, this article seeks to assess Boko Haram as an opponent in Nigeria’s war on
terror (WOT) and to ascertain the challenges the country faces, the alternative measures open to it,
and possible ways forward. It also looks at the detrimental consequences of Boko Haram’s activities
in north-eastern Nigeria. The study suggests that the Nigerian government and her security agencies
should be pro-active in their responses, improve their intelligence gathering techniques and create
more employment opportunities for the unemployed and equip and motivate her security forces
better. T. Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry,
preview is currently unavailable. Literature from non-serial publications, official reports, and
conferences has been included particularly if they have been cited by other references in connection
with terrorism, food security, education security and terror cell groups. Obviously, there is the
general view that the Nigerian State is a weak and failed state thereby joining states like Somal. This
research is pertinent for the Nigerian Armed Forces is yet to discover a befitting strategy at quelling
terrorism in the north east region. An analysis of media reports in the five weeks following the
uprising reveals that embedded within reports on Boko Haram there are four competing conceptions
of the state. The study relied on content analysis of the secondary data and found that, the
continuous security challenges in the Niger Delta region is most often as the result of provocative
activities of aggressive youths who felt they were being deprived, marginalized and neglected.
Though work acknowledges that one man freedom fighter is another man terrorist. Although Nigeria
is front line state in war against terrorism, it is severely confronting terrorist attacks which have
shaken its social fabric, hampered economic progress and shackled political system. The Religious
Structural discourse emphasises the state’s secular role in containing expansionist Islam, and the
Religious Agency discourse calls on the state to help mainstream Islam maintain control over deviant
sects. In the same vein, the work advocated for solid intelligence gathering among security
operatives in Nigeria, tightening security in Nigeria’s borders, use of novel technologies and
equipment and cutting off the sources of finance of terrorists in Nigeria as some strategies that will
be helpful in combating terrorism. Nigeria as a nation-state has had its fair share of terrorist
uprisings since its independence in 1960. The paper thus advocates for a strong commitment to
counter-terrorism strategies, adoption of The Meghalaya Model, Youth Empowerment, Institutional
as well as Capacity building as the way forward. Download Free PDF View PDF TERRORISM:
NIGERIA'S LEGAL RESPONSE Abdulrafiu Okiri Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF
Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. From the study it was
discovered that Boko Haram insurgency impacted negatively on Nigerian state through destruction
of lives and properties, disruption of business, reduction in government revenue, fear of foreign
investors to live and do business in Nigeria, political instability among others. It specifies the extent
to which human rights abuses have contributed to making Boko Haram a terrorist organization in
Nigeria. The counterterrorism operation by NG against the terrorist group involves mostly a direct
approach, which focuses on the use of force. The federal government, the international community
and other stakeholders took initiatives to end the onslaught through coercion, sanctions, offers of
dialogue, negotiation and amnesty but all these have so far failed to bring an end to the hostilities.
Available evidence shows that the counter-terrorist policy of the government is defective. Download
Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently
unavailable. The paper contends that terrorism is a global phenomenon from which Africa is not
immune and Nigeria not insusceptible. The authors adopted the use of secondary sources of data. The
paper concluded that the future security of Nigeria and the sub-region lies in consensual, well
coordinated, well-structured and well-resourced interventions by national and regional forces.
Depressing news of Boko Haram’s evil deeds in Nigeria has become a daily occurrence since the
terrorist group’s emergence in the public glare in 2009. Chapter one takes an introductory look into
terrorism in Nigeria viz a viz activities of Boko Haram.
Since 1999, there has been a revival and resurgence of radical Islamic fundamentalism under the
cover of Sharia, which has resulted in the emergence of a Taliban-styled group called Boko Haram in
the northern part of the country. The data analysis revealed that Boko Haram crisis has created so
many backwardness, hatred, national disintegration and lack of unity in Nigeria. It brought together
stakeholders in policing, public safety and security to deliberate extensively and proffer solutions to
the problem. Nigeria has witnessed various conflicts with features of terrorism although an attempt
to label such acts as terrorism had met with stiff oppositions. To be sure, insurgency has become a
transboundary malady capable of disrupting social, economic, political and cultural structures of any
society. Terrorist attacks of the Boko Haram sect resulted in the killing of countless number of
innocent people and wanton destruction of properties that worth billions of Naira through bombings,
more worrisome, however, is the fact that all the efforts of the Nigerian Government to curtail the
activities of the sect for over six years have not totally stopped their fatality. Develop a basic
understanding of terrorism—including its causes and consequences ii. It adopted phenomenography
as a research methodology in its approach to discussing its subject matter. Some definitions are either
too specific or too vague, concentrating on some essential “terrorist” aspect of the actions, strategies,
or types of non-state organizations that engage in terrorism. Boko Haram attacks are often against
schools and educational institutions, especially teacher training colleges. Following immediately is
the clarification of concepts. It is no secret that arriving at a consensual definition of terrorism is a
difficult task. Also analyzed are the global attention Boko Haram attacks has received, arms deals of
Boko Haram and the effects of Nigeria border porosity. Download Free PDF View PDF BOKO
HARAM INSURGENCY IN NIGERIA: A PHILOSOPHICO-RELIGIOUS EVALUATION
Anthony Uviekovo The Boko Haram insurgency has metamorphosed from an extremist local group
into a global terror group. Prominent nowadays is the insurgent activities of the Boko Haram group.
The accessible data source for this paper was secondary data, mainly online newspapers and
interviews. The work defined terrorism from the perspective of use of organized violent acts targeted
against both the state and non-combatants which are designed to achieve political, religious, social or
ideological goals. Lanshima This study investigates the Boko Haram sect in Nigeria and more
specifically, an attempt has been made to use a theory that comprehensively explains why this sect
came into existence and the audacity of its operations. While domestic terrorism is that which is
carried out against one’s own government or fellow citizens, international terrorism is the act of
terrorism that transcends national boundaries by the means in which it is carried out, the people it is
intended to intimidate, or the place where the perpetrators operate or seek asylum. The major thrust
of this work is to investigate the Boko Haram insurgency in Borno State and Nigeria and to under
store the urgent need for a permanent resolution of the crisis. While domestic terrorism is that which
is carried out against one’s own government or fellow citizens, international terrorism is the act of
terrorism that transcends national boundaries by the means in which it is carried out, the people it is
intended to intimidate, or the place where the perpetrators operate or seek asylum. Some of the old
security threats have remained or even assumed worrisome dimensions while new threats have also
emerged. Download Free PDF View PDF Economic Deprivation and Terrorism: Further Empirical
Evidence from Nigeria Asian Online Journal Publishing Group This paper examined the question
whether economic deprivation leads to terrorism in Nigeria. In conclusion, this research made among
other recommendations that the Nigerian government should ensure the provision of good life for its
citizens, the inter-connectivity of terrorist organizations must be defeated, the government should
undergo a foreign policy drive designed at rebuilding its image in the international environment and
also the promotion of peace education among various government, religious institutions, private
sector and civil society groups should be encouraged. The paper attempts to trace the historical
precedent of the Nigerian defense policy, its role and challenges in combating terrorism. Its
bombings, gunfire and kidnappings have devastated significant segments of Nigerian society, leaving
behind huge ruinations of lives and properties. The researcher therefore recommended that for Boko
Haram crisis to be prevented, the government should take adequate measures to shut down any
training terrorist camps operated by the Boko Haram sect. The research discovered among other
things that terrorism and insurgency are byproducts of bad governance, corruption, poverty and
illiteracy. Findings of the article suggest that the presence and activities of this terror group have
impacted the various arenas of security and have also created dire sub-regional and regional
implications in spite of the various counter-measures designed by sub-regional and regional actors to
counter the threat posed by the terror group. But largely, it depends on secondary sources of data
such as books, journals, conference proceedings, and internet sources.
This paper examines the impact of international terrorism and the challenges to Nigeria's national
security. Download Free PDF View PDF INSURGENCY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: AN
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF BOKO HARAM ACTIVITIES ON THE ECONOMY OF
NORTHERN NIGERIA Akintola Olusola, Joyce Akpolile Ejukonemu Development is not ascribed,
it is achieved. Using both primary and secondary sources of data collection, this study revisits the
governmental efforts to curb terrorism in Nigeria, and, as well, suggests the way forward on this
subject. The study recommends amongst others, the necessity to address poverty reduction, religion
re-orientation, and curriculum re-structure. The need for adequate collaboration between the
government, non governmental organizations as well as the individual is also advocated. Given that
the state’s militarised approach to the crisis has hardly been able to efficiently stall the sect’s terrorist
activities, this study accents the need for a long term solution characterised by addressing the root
causes, especially through the socio-economic development of the mostly affected northern region.
While domestic terrorism is that which is carried out against one’s own government or fellow
citizens, international terrorism is the act of terrorism that transcends national boundaries by the
means in which it is carried out, the people it is intended to intimidate, or the place where the
perpetrators operate or seek asylum. Findings from fieldwork showed that terrorism has also become
one of the most important fundamentals of Nigeria’s foreign policies and relation, respondents from
the people interviewed showed that terrorism the menace, terrorism must be adequately tackled in
other to archive Nigeria’s foreign policy. The group began as members of a mosque in the north-east
which sought to implement a separatist community under Following the death of Mohammed Yusuf
while he was in police custody in 2009 the group became markedly more violent. This paper engaged
qualitative methods and made broad use of secondary sources. Terrorist attacks of the Boko Haram
sect resulted in the killing of countless number of innocent people and wanton destruction of
properties that worth billions of Naira through bombings, more worrisome, however, is the fact that
all the efforts of the Nigerian Government to curtail the activities of the sect for over six years have
not totally stopped their fatality. Attempts by the Nigerian security services have led to the escalation
of attacks and an expansion of Boko Haram’s activities from its stronghold in Nigeria’s Northeast
region even beyond its borders. The paper is divided into two major parts: insurgency in Nigeria; and
the Nigerian government and insurgency. It also recommend for strengthening the Civilian Joint
Task Force through establish code of conduct to checkmate excess and abuses. Using multi-stage
sampling technique, the study selected twenty respondents. Download Free PDF View PDF BOKO
HARAM AND NATIONAL SECURITY: PANACEA FROM RELIGIOUS PEACEMAKING
STRATEGY IN NIGERIA. Consequently, the Taliban, members of the Al-Qaeda and Islamic
fundamentalists all over the world including Nigeria threatened for a sweet revenge over his death.
Meanwhile, national security is implicated in the situation of violence which has brought untold
sorrows to the innocent Nigerians and caused security concerns for the nation at large. Download
Free PDF View PDF Terrorism and Insurgency in Northern Nigeria: A Study of the Origins and
Nature of Boko Haram Olufemi Omobuwajo his study attempts to unravel the characteristics of the
Boko Haram sect in northern Nigeria. It further considers the devastating effects of the heinous
attacks Boko Haram insurgents. The opening remarks which set the tone and provide the background
for the discussions at the forum are reproduced in part one. With the aid of its methodological
instrument-using the historical descriptive, findings show that, major terrorist organizations or acts
were perpetrated by states and governments or influence implicitly or explicitly the act of terror.
Terrorism, however, is characterized by the use of violence against civilians, with the expressed
desire of causing terror or panic in the population. As a matter of concern, this article seeks to assess
Boko Haram as an opponent in Nigeria’s war on terror (WOT) and to ascertain the challenges the
country faces, the alternative measures open to it, and possible ways forward. Download Free PDF
View PDF Globalization and Terrorism: Generalizing from the Nigerian Experience Osah Goodnews
Societies globally are unsafe today following the unabating efforts of terrorist bands who undermine
public peace through a host of violent strategies including hostage taking, massacres, suicide
bombing, media propaganda and the deployment of high intelligence in the use of modern
communications equipment in a psychological and violent warfare against unsuspecting third parties.
The period of boom in Nigeria economy was mismanaged which wasfuelled by the trajectory of
successive misrule over the years which also failed to put in place structures for economic growth. It
asserts that until the root causes that make Nigeria a fertile ground for terrorism, such as poverty,
joblessness, unresolved conflicts, social injustice and corruption are addressed, Nigeria may have to
contend with the monster for a very long time to come. The challenge here is how to prevent these
from using information communication technology (ICT) since it is available and cheap to all.
Uchehara Abstract Nowadays, Boko Haram is inarguably a major problem confronting Nigeria, with
consequences going beyond security and into the political and socio-economic aspects of
governance. Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and their affiliated splinter groups’ ever-
present activity in North and West Africa combined with unsettling terror in Nigeria make for this
study’s importance.
Download Free PDF View PDF “TERRORISM IS ALIEN TO NIGERIA” DISCUSSING THE
ROOT CAUSES, EFFECTS AND SOLUTIONS TO TERRORISM IN NIGERIA Collins I
Maidoh-Anene Domestic and international terrorism are condiciones sine quibus non for discussing
terrorism in the Nigerian context. The Nigerian State has deployed efforts and resources in
combating the terrorist insurgency since its violent escalation in 2009; however, the insurgency
continues to unleash acts of terror on the country. These variables include abysmal poverty religious
fanaticism, ethnic and religious politics, unemployment and inability of the government to stop
various recurring violence in Nigeria. In as much as poverty is acclaimed to be major cause of Boko
Haram, its progenitors capitalized on it to fan the embers of its recruitment thereby deriding
Nigeria's economy. Prima facie Boko Haram’s motivations appear to be religious; however,
considering factors such as the dismal socio-economic conditions that prevail in the northern region,
the epicentre of the sect, a religious explanation alone is reductive. This article provides a systematic
account of Boko Haram’s emergence, demands, and modus operandi. This study decompose
insecurity into food security and education security. Qualitatively, this study identified some
computer applications and processes that may be helpful in ensuring that the merits of such nexus
outweigh its demerits, since globalization has arguably become a part of the human existence. Given
that the state’s militarised approach to the crisis has hardly been able to efficiently stall the sect’s
terrorist activities, this study accents the need for a long term solution characterised by addressing
the root causes, especially through the socio-economic development of the mostly affected northern
region. Therefore, this paper aims at examining the two crimes; their nature, causes, consequences
and, most especially, legal frameworks against them. Download Free PDF View PDF Legal
Framework for the Prevention of Terrorism in Nigeria Alaba Ajileye The road leading to the
enactment of Terrorism (Prevention) Act (TPA) 2011 (as amended) has been long-winding, dilatory
and chequered. Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Download Free PDF View PDF Trees Photosynthetic
plasticity of young plants of Carpotroche brasiliensis (Raddi) A. The use of terror strategies by the
agitated groups to end the real and perceived injustices has attracted global attentions and a rethink
on resource distribution policies of the Federal government. The Socio-Economic discourse argues
for the state as the provider of development, whereas the Political Agency discourse posits the state
as the provider of order. The attacks in Abuja, the nation’s capital, during Independence Day
celebrations, and in Jos, the plateau state, on Christmas Eve in 2010, readily come to mind. The
questions are “what will be the future of terrorism in the world. Although the country is a signatory
to numerous anti-terrorist international instruments, it did not holistically transform any of the
instruments into its municipal legal system because it poorly appreciates the nature of terrorism. Al-
Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and their affiliated splinter groups’ ever-present activity in
North and West Africa combined with unsettling terror in Nigeria make for this study’s importance.
Following immediately is the clarification of concepts. Further evidence showed that terrorism had
positive effect on military spending in Nigeria. The discourse also relates to rethinking of
counterinsurgency and counterterrorism in Nigeria. Irrespective of the opinion one holds as regards
the form and nature of terrorism in Nigeria, resp ipsa loquito, Nigeria is up against the act of
terrorism today sensu stricto. This paper outlines a theory for the origin and evolution of terrorism
and argues that human rights violations by state actors in northeastern Nigeria created a conducive
environment for the growth and sustainability of Boko Haram in the region. Terrorist attack has
become a major threat to national security and sustainable development of Nigeria because the
increased operation has caused pain, havoc, and agony in the lives of Nigerians and the economy.
Although Nigeria is front line state in war against terrorism, it is severely confronting terrorist attacks
which have shaken its social fabric, hampered economic progress and shackled political system. You
can download the paper by clicking the button above. Available evidence shows that the counter-
terrorist policy of the government is defective. Analysis and description of detailed presentation of
results and discussion of the study based on the data gathered in the course of this research forms
the body of chapter four. The paper submits that this scenario portends negatively for the sustenance
of national security in Nigeria.
The argument that Nigeria’s case should not be referred to as international terrorism no longer hold
sway with recent occurrences and events such as the British international terrorist and world’s most
wanted woman, Samantha Lewthwaite, popularly called white widow who was reportedly caught in
a check point in Nigeria, but managed to bribe her way to freedom. This grand strategy will have as
its bedrock what the author has called the Hybrid Doctrine. As such they narrowed their focus of
guidance to only Qur'an and Hadith, and interpreted not in essence (allegorical meaning) but in
appearance; imbibing zahirriya doctrine and embracing khawarij ideologies. The group made greater
impact in Nigeria than previous extremist groups such as Maitatsine and Shiite group, hence the
need to understand its evolution, ideology and motivation. This study gave a number of
recommendations to mitigate this prolonged crisis and concluded by underlining the importance of
addressing the root causes of the problems such as poor governance, poverty among others. The
terrorist insurgency has negatively affected the economy, stunned the education sector, stirred
humanitarian crisis, weakened the Nigerian security circle, and threatened the precarious sovereign
existence of the country in myriads of ways, including the calculated attempt to Islamize the country.
To support the argument the researcher adopted Structural Violence Theory, this theory was
propounded by Johan Galtung in 1969. The collection of articles in this book joins the debate on
these and related issues. The scope of this paper falls under the “Political Conflicts and regional
Implications” thematic area of the conference. The study proffers that government as a matter of
priority must do everything possible to put an end to Boko -Haram terrorism, and also reduce
youths’ unemployment to the barest minimum to forestall further easy recruitment into Boko-Haram.
Its activities has severe economic impacts on those states in the northeast of Nigeria. Uchehara
Abstract Nowadays, Boko Haram is inarguably a major problem confronting Nigeria, with
consequences going beyond security and into the political and socio-economic aspects of
governance. The enormity of the problems associated with the militant's activities in the area and the
potential for destruction, and social disruption, has triggers the arguments of this study, observing
the fundamental issues and peculiarity of the Niger Delta militia uprising. The economic conditions
of Nigeria most especially Poverty, unemployment and literacy level have not reduced commensurate
with Nigeria?s economic development. Also, the retrogressing effects of the current strategy adopted
by the Nigerian government makes the findings of this work a compelling alternative to the existing
strategy. As many come to terms with the idea that acts of terrorism in Nigerian are strictly domestic
in nature, many more hold divergent opinions and views as regards linking the act in Nigeria with
international terrorism. Nigeria has been battling insurgency in one form or the other since the 1980s,
while terrorism became a major threat to the existence of the state in 2010. The paper concluded that
the future security of Nigeria and the sub-region lies in consensual, well coordinated, well-structured
and well-resourced interventions by national and regional forces. Download Free PDF View PDF
Terrorism and Humanitarian Crisis in Nigeria: Insight from Boko Haram insurgency. Download Free
PDF View PDF Kidnapping and National Security in Nigeria Babangida Umar Aminu This paper
examines the phenomenon of kidnapping in Nigeria with a view to underscore its implications for
national security. The disaggregation of various economic indicators has also tilted towards other
factors aside poverty as the reason for terrorism. Therefore, making use of the historical method of
discuss and analysis, the paper adopted a qualitative research methodology approach. Available
evidence shows that the counter-terrorist policy of the government is defective. The group has
shaken the economy and threatens the sovereignty of Nigeria in many ways, including a bid to
Islamize the country. It is much easier to point out the flaws in extant conceptions and usages of the
term than to come up with a definition that would be free of those same faults, while being
comprehensive enough to be both acceptable to most lay observers and useful for the conduct of
academic research on the subject. Responses based on 95 questionnaires that are valid are used to
examine the existence, activities and effect of Boko Haram on the Nigerian State. The method used
in obtaining the relevant data is the secondary source of data, in this case data were obtained from
documentaries such as journals, articles, magazines, reports, newspapers, thesis and books. See Full
PDF Download PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Related Papers Perception of Boko Haram in
Northern Nigeria and the 2015 Presidential Election Legend L. E. Asuelime The Boko Haram terror
sect has become an important matter in the annals of Nigerian history. It is on this note that this
paper addresses the trends of kidnapping and hostage taking in Nigeria, its causes, implications and
how best to arrest the worrisome situation. Shekau's faction operates dominantly in NorthEast and is
numerically higher and is good in frontal attack.
Nigerians have been affected directly or indirectly by the structural and coordinated violence by the
terrorists. Findings of the article suggest that the presence and activities of this terror group have
impacted the various arenas of security and have also created dire sub-regional and regional
implications in spite of the various counter-measures designed by sub-regional and regional actors to
counter the threat posed by the terror group. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster
and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. It utilized published sources
of data collection to access information for analysis. You can download the paper by clicking the
button above. The thesis encompasses different aspects of the phenomenon in the context of Nigeria.
To accomplish this objective, responses were collected through a qualitative approach using in-depth
interviews. Equip students with perspectives and tools to better understand the behaviour of terrorist
groups vii. Irrespective of the opinion one holds as regards the form and nature of terrorism in
Nigeria, resp ipsa loquito, Nigeria is up against the act of terrorism today sensu stricto. Three, owing
to the foregoing, a factor perceived as necessary to the domestic politics of a country can cause
security plight for its neighbors. Nigeria regained her territory but the group is as deadly as before.
To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds
to upgrade your browser. Download Free PDF View PDF Nigeria and the Emergence of Terrorism:
A Study of Causes and Effective Strategies in Combating Terrorism by the Government Kingsley
Uwaegbute Abstract This work studied both the variables that led to the emergence of terrorism in
Nigeria and some strategies to be used in combating it. Download Free PDF View PDF Economic
Deprivation and Terrorism: Further Empirical Evidence from Nigeria Asian Online Journal
Publishing Group This paper examined the question whether economic deprivation leads to terrorism
in Nigeria. This is against the backdrop of the rising spate of violent attacks orchestrated by members
of the Islamic sect in the northern part of the country over the years. This paper adopts non-doctrinal
research method, specifically library-based research. The terrorist insurgency has negatively affected
the economy, stunned the education sector, stirred humanitarian crisis, weakened the Nigerian
security circle, and threatened the precarious sovereign existence of the country in myriads of ways,
including the calculated attempt to Islamize the country. Download Free PDF View PDF Terrorism
Threat to Security in Nigeria and the African Union Kieran E. Terrorism has not only destroyed the
socio-economic fabric of the society but also it has harmed the world peace to a great extent.
Although Nigeria is front line state in war against terrorism, it is severely confronting terrorist attacks
which have shaken its social fabric, hampered economic progress and shackled political system. With
the arrays of attacks, suicide bombing, abductions, armed robbery and use of Improvised Explosive
Devices (IEDs), Nigeria is gradually gravitating towards a failed state. Are we going to have peace
now or is terrorism and terrorist activities going to be intensified creating yet more fear and
insecurity in a world that is already ravaged by natural disasters. Download Free PDF View PDF
BOKO-HARAM CRISIS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTHERN
NIGERIA Ikechukwu Asogwa Nigeria has not known peace for the past six years. This position
certainly overlooks certain national and international events that took place between 2001 and 2011.
In this paper we draw on global approaches from international relations and world systems theories
to propose a definition of terrorism that skirts these issues by concentrating on terrorist actors rather
than terrorist behavior. Recommendations were thereby made towards ways of reducing poverty and
unemployment in Nigeria. As a matter of concern, this article seeks to assess Boko Haram as an
opponent in Nigeria’s war on terror (WOT) and to ascertain the challenges the country faces, the
alternative measures open to it, and possible ways forward. Also, the retrogressing effects of the
current strategy adopted by the Nigerian government makes the findings of this work a compelling
alternative to the existing strategy. This unleashed more terror to the people, a feeling of
dissatisfaction and insecurity. The anomie theory, strain theory of deviance and the frustration-
aggression hypothesis theory would be used as the point of studies, is to say the paper explores
relevant and suitable concepts and theories that explain violent activities, perpetrated and inspired by
some variables in Nigeria.
It has been a challenging issue leading to destruction of socio-cultural cohesion, properties and lives
then paving ways for economic and environmental degradation, panic, fear and intimidation. The
Nigerian Government (NG) has committed much effort in combating the BH terrorists, but the group
continues to terrorize the country. A development that has negatively affected Nigeria's internal
security. This will provide the platform for discussing grievances of groups for amicable solutions. A
portion of the course will also look at the state sponsored terrorism. The destructive activities of the
Islamic fundamentalists have entrenched images of pain, agony, death and terror in the psyche of
Nigerians, especially those living in the northern part of the country. Poverty, unemployment and
illiteracy also led to the emergence of the Boko Haram, because most of the members of the group
engage in menial jobs for they are not well educated and this increased the tendency for poverty. By
way of qualitative analysis, predicated on secondary sources, the paper posits that kidnapping has
been motivated and sustained by criminal quest for material accumulation. The central issue of this
paper is to probe into the causes of the Boko Haram menace and why government has been unable to
put an end to it. However, the paper concluded that unemployment poverty and high rate of
corruption in Nigeria has been identified as a major cause of violence in the country. Thus the
constant human rights violations by state actors and heavy-handedness of some overzealous law
enforcement agents against defenseless citizens led to the transformation of Boko Haram from an
Islamic Movement to an Islamic Terrorist Extremist group. These theories are examined as we
employ qualitative and descriptive research approach to understand the nexus between the causes of
Boko Haram and its effect on Nigeria economy. The paper contends that terrorism is a global
phenomenon from which Africa is not immune and Nigeria not insusceptible. The researcher
predicated his analysis on the theoretical foundations of sub-cultural theory, under which Boko
Haram propagates and sustains its activities. I found out that the extrajudicial killing of Boko Haram
founder Mohammed Yusuf and some of his dependable allies by the state actors and the failure of
the judiciary system and law enforcement to punish the perpetrators played a significant role in
converting Boko Haram into a terrorist group. I found out that the extrajudicial killing of Boko
Haram founder Mohammed Yusuf and some of his dependable allies by the state actors and the
failure of the judiciary system and law enforcement to punish the perpetrators played a significant
role in converting Boko Haram into a terrorist group. To browse Academia.edu and the wider
internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. The paper
recommends that, adequate attention should be given to citizen social welfare and domestic terrors
as means of curbing terrorism in Nigeria. It also examines the contents of the two enactments that
constitute the legal framework for the prevention of terrorism in Nigeria: the Terrorism (Prevention)
Act 2011 and Terrorism (Prevention) (Amendment) Act 2013. The tactics, strategies and mode of
operations adopted by these terrorists are similar and professional in line with terrorist ideologies and
practices found elsewhere around the world. In Nigeria, Boko Haram has unleashed havoc in the
north and the Niger Delta militant groups in the south have posed serious security challenges to
Nigeria government. This paper examines the impact of international terrorism and the challenges to
Nigeria's national security. This is on the stance that terrorism has not only undermined national
security but has unavoidably hampered meaningful development in Nigeria by violating human
rights, displacing residents, discouraging trade and investment; local and foreign, threatening
livelihood, and amplifying casualties. The recruitment of the youthful population was for them to see
that they have magic wand for their emancipation. With the aid of its methodological instrument-
using the historical descriptive, findings show that, major terrorist organizations or acts were
perpetrated by states and governments or influence implicitly or explicitly the act of terror. Moreso,
the political unity and the religious way of life are made fragile by the activities of the terrorists. This
research aims to find the relationship between poor economic conditions and terrorism in Nigeria.
The course will also look at different types of terrorist organizations including ones that are primarily
seeking to attain ideological objectives, groups with an ethnic or nationalist agenda, organizations
with religious motivations, and those groups with a mixture of motives that are difficult to
disentangle. The study revealed that the insecurity challenge is detrimental to general well being of
the people with its resultant effects in the area low quality of life, population displacement and even
death, the destruction of business, properties and equipments, relocation and closing down of
businesses. It was found out that various insurgent activities of the Boko Haram group have
negatively affected the economy of the north, and this has deepened the underdevelopment in
Nigeria.