Boko Haram Conflict In Nigeria On Economic Determinism

Ikhlasul Amal/74190091

Introduction
Boko Haram is an Islamic terrorist organization which based in north eastern Nigeria.

Boko Haram was founded in 2002 by Muhammad Yusuf. The idea of Boko Haram is to

spread the Islamic ideology, and establishing the caliphate system in Nigeria.

It is shocking to note that the north-eastern region of Nigeria has not experienced

peace for well over a decade due to the persistent presence of terrorist activities in the area.

Nigeria has not been able to create a political, economic, and also social environment which

is both stable and viable, despite investing a significant amount of money and human capital

in the region. The terrorist gain strength and unleash terror throughout the region the higher

goverment trumpets it’s accomplishment. Even though the fact that it is correct to assert that

Nigerian army has not made some progress in their fight against terrorism, the sect or the

group persistent attacks and destruction of lives and also property frequently obscure any

hopes of victory.

Religion, bad goverment, poverty, and underdevelopment factors have all been causes

and cited as primary and main causes of Boko Haram terrorism in a number of works of

literature and discussion. Practically zero consideration has been paid to the financial interest

of the decision of oligarchic elites, who rather than overcoming psychological warfare had

transformed the contention into an undertaking. The perspective of this corrupt leaders, who

trade peace and security for terrorism and promote self-andagrizment, has not been throughly

examined or documented. This paper significantly use Karl Marx’s theory of economic

determinism to explain the long duration of Boko Haram terrorism and counterterrorism in

this context. The connection between Nigerian economic determinism and Boko Haram

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terrorism will be explained through this paper. It also will explain how the self-centered

expressive activities of corrupt elites promote terrorism in Nigeria. It discusses the

repercussions of the corrupt ruling class’s tendency to exploit others. The paper concludes

with blueprints for long term peace and security.

Methods

The autor investigates regions conflict resolution using qualitative methods, where the

author employs a literature review method. In total, this study gathered data from two

different sources, secondary data and primary data. All data gathered from library activities

are considered primary data sources. In addition, a number of previous research findings,

boths from books and journal articles, serve as a sources for the library materials used.

Discussion

In Nigeria, Conciliation resources, the Center for Humanitarian Dialogue, the

International crisis group, the Behavioural insight teams, the Center for security studies at

ETH Zurich, and Chatham house have joined forces to form a consortium to carry out the

smart peace project. they are fostering peaceful coexistence among militia group, people

associated with Boko Haram, and also several communities as well as strengthening

relationships between the various groups involved in the conflicts.

They are also promoting effective collaboration between the various level of

goverment. Beside it they also enhance the skills and knowledge of communities on how to

respond the violence. They are contributing to the development of trust, the elimination of

prejudice and the peaceful resolution of various grievances by bringing these various groups

together to discuss the issues. They are also assisting in the creation and implementation of

policies on reconciliation and reintegration by maintaining constant communication with

representatives of the state, federal, and international goverments.

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 The project takes into account of conflict dynamics as well as the needs of

communities. As part as their collective strategy, they conduct in-depth conflict analysis by

utilizing the various skills and experiences of consortium partners in order to evaluate the

most effective strategies using behavioral insight. They modify their work as well in response

to change circumstances and work evaluation.

The state must embark on massive socioeconomic and infrastructure development of

the region for for a successful counterterrorism strategy that will invariably result in peaceful

and secure society, particularly in the north east, and thus stimulate growth and development.

The conflict has been primarly fueled by high rates of unemployment and difficult economic

conditions. As a point of fact, these have been used by Boko Haram to delegtimize the

goverment and offer people in the region a different means of subsistence. It has even been

demonstrated that Boko Haram offers modest loans to it’s members, families, and

communities in that area.

The following are additional measures that the state must incorporate into it’s program

to combat insurgency :

1. Integrity : This has to do with upholding the moral values of integrity, profesionalism, and

justice which are the foundations of successful development and counterterrorism. It’s

possible that the veracity of those in charge of arms procurement has a significant impact on

reducing narcissistic and dishonest behaviour. By law or a general code of conduct outlining

the standard and expectationfor civil servants good behaviour must be used to enforce

national integrity standards for all public officials. The public goverment must be engaged

with the most common way of creating, refreshing and also diffusing the general set of rules,

and furthermore give customized advice or insist, oversight, and substantial models of

supporting the final execution of the code and checking result.

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2. Transparency : This factor is essential for a level playing field in business and other

transactions because it encourages accountability and ensures access to data. Goverment

again has to guarantee that satisfactory and ideal data about the coming agreement as well as

understanding notification and data about the situation with continuos acquisition process.

According to OECD in 2015, the external party should be able to examine the information

such as the average duration of the procurement process, the justification of exceptions, and

specific overview records by type of request procedure.

3. Stakeholder Involvement : An open purchase or procurement process should be

implemented by the goverment to significantly adress and detect corruption in the ministry of

defense and military body. Procurement procedures should involve a wide range of

concerned institutions or shareholders, including anti-corruption agencies, the media, the

general public, the private sector and the civil society. Suppliers or the owner and business

union or associations need to discuss openly and often to obtain a better understanding of

what influences public markets.

4. Modernized Purchasing : During the arms purchase process, the goverment ought to use

information and communication technology to promote transparency and accountability

while reducing purse theft. E-procurement can make it easier to spot fraud and anomalies and

reduce the amount of direct communication between executives and businesses. The internal

anti-corruption control system will be strengthened by this strategy, integrity breaches will be

detected, and audit services trials will be provided, which may make the investigation process

easier.

5. Control and Surveillance : Control and monitoring provide access to valuable evidence

regarding the purchase or procurement cycle’s performance and effectiveness in addition to

support accountability and promote integrity. The cycle should be controlled and monitored

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by the goverment to identify new risks or mistakes. In addition, following the discovery of

illegal behaviour, the imposition of specific sanctions might become an effective

disincentive.

Conclusion

Based on previous discussion, we notice and contend that economic theory of history

largely determines the intractability or headstrong of Boko Haram terrorism. And we see the

fact that peace and security both are elusive in the north-eastern region of the country is

primarily connected to economic forces which manifest themselves in unnoticed corruption,

including insufficient acquisition of weapons and equipment, espionage and sabotage within

the Nigerian army ranks. Therefore, the procurement department of the defense ministry must

be renovate and rebuild in order to defeat Boko Haram group and more prominently to

restore peace, stable environment, and also security for project development in the region.

The issues like proactive stance, digitalization of arms procurement, oversight and control,

and transparency needs to be revise and rethink.