Hydrogen (H) Fluorine (F) Chlorine (Cl)

Atomic Number: 1 - Atomic number: 9 - Atomic number: 17

Discovery date 1766 - Discovery date: 1886 - Discovery date: 1774
Discovered by: Henry Cavendish - Discovered by: Henri Moissan - Discovered by: Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Origin of the name: The name is derived from - Origin of the name: From the Latin word - Origin of the name: From the Greek word
the Greek 'hydro' and 'genes' meaning water "fluere," meaning to flow. "chloros," meaning greenish-yellow.
forming - Electron Configuration: (He) 2s2 2p5 - Electron Configuration: (Ne) 3s2 3p5
- Proton: 1 - Proton: 9 - Proton: 17
- Electron: 0 - Electron: 10 - Electron: 17
- Neutron: 2 - Neutron: 10 - Neutron: 18

Lithium (Li) Neon (Ne) Argon (Ar)

Atomic number: 3 - Atomic number: 10 - Atomic number: 18
Discovery date 1817 - Discovery date: 1898 - Discovery date: 1894
Discovered by Johan August Arfvedson - Discovered by: Sir William Ramsay and - Discovered by: Lord Rayleigh and Sir
Origin of the name - The name is derived Morris Travers William Ramsay
from the Greek 'lithos' meaning stone. - Origin of the name: From the Greek word - Origin of the name: From the Greek word
Electron Configuration- [He] 2s1 "neos," meaning new. "argos," meaning lazy or inactive.
- Proton: 3 - Electron Configuration: (He) 2s2 2p6 - Electron Configuration: (Ne) 3s2 3p6
- Electron: 2 - Proton: 10 - Proton: 18
- Neutron: 4 - Electron: 10 - Electron: 18
- Neutron: 10 - Neutron: 22
Helium (He)
- Atomic number: 2 Sodium (Na) K (Potassium)
- Discovery date: 1868 - Atomic number: 11 - Atomic number: 19
- Discovered by: Pierre Janssen and Joseph - Discovery date: 1807 - Discovery date: 1807
Norman Lockyer - Discovered by: Humphry Davy - Discovered by: Sir Humphry Davy
- Origin of the name: Named after the Greek - Origin of the name: From the English word - Origin of the name: Derived from the Latin
god of the Sun, Helios. "soda," referring to the sodium carbonate word "kalium," which is similar to the German
- Electron Configuration: 1s2 found in soda ash. word "Kalium" and the English word "potash,"
- Proton: 2 - Electron Configuration: (Ne) 3s1 which is a compound obtained from
- Electron: 2 - Proton: 11 potassium-rich plants.
- Neutron: 2 - Electron: 9 - Electron configuration: (Ar) 4s1
- Neutron: 23 - Proton: 19
Beryllium (Be) - Electron: 18
- Atomic number: 4 Magnesium (Mg) - Neutron: 20
- Discovery date: 1798 - Atomic number: 12
- Discovered by: Louis Nicolas Vauquelin - Discovery date: 1755 Ca (Calcium)
- Origin of the name: Named after the - Discovered by: Joseph Black - Atomic number: 20
mineral beryl. - Origin of the name: Named after - Discovery date: 1808
- Electron Configuration: (He) 2s2 Magnesia, a district in Thessaly, Greece. - Discovered by: Sir Humphry Davy
- Proton: 4 - Electron Configuration: (Ne) 3s2 - Origin of the name: The name "calcium" is
- Electron: 2 - Proton: 12 derived from the Latin word "calx," which
- Neutron: 5 - Electron: 10 means lime or limestone.
- Neutron: 12 - Electron configuration: (Ar) 4s2
Boron (B) - Proton: 20
- Atomic number: 5 Aluminum (Al) - Electron: 18
- Discovery date: 1808 - Atomic number: 13 - Neutron: 20
- Discovered by: Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac - Discovery date: 1825
and Louis Jacques Thénard - Discovered by: Hans Christian Ørsted Sc (Scandium)
- Origin of the name: Derived from the - Origin of the name: Named after alum, a - Atomic number: 21
Arabic word "buraq," which means borax. compound containing aluminum. - Discovery date: 1879
- Electron Configuration: (He) 2s2 2p1 - Electron Configuration: (Ne) 3s2 3p1 - Discovered by: Lars Fredrik Nilson
- Proton: 5 - Proton: 13 - Origin of the name: Scandium is named
- Electron: 2 - Electron: 10 after Scandinavia, the region comprising of
- Neutron: 6 - Neutron: 14 Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, where it was
discovered.
Carbon (C) Silicon (Si) - Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d1 4s2
- Atomic number: 6 - Atomic number: 14 - Proton: 21
- Discovery date: Known since ancient - Discovery date: 1824 - Electron: 18
times - Discovered by: Jöns Jacob Berzelius - Neutron: 24
- Discovered by: Not applicable (known - Origin of the name: Named after the Latin
since ancient times) word "silex," meaning flint. Ti (Titanium)
- Origin of the name: Derived from the Latin - Electron Configuration: (Ne) 3s2 3p2 - Atomic number: 22
word "carbo," meaning charcoal. - Proton: 14 - Discovery date: 1791
- Electron Configuration: (He) 2s2 2p2 - Electron: 12 - Discovered by: William Gregor
- Proton: 6 - Neutron:14 - Origin of the name: Titanium is named after
- Electron: 4 the Titans of Greek mythology, who were the
- Neutron: 6 Phosphorus (P) children of Earth and Sky. This choice of
- Atomic number: 15 name is due to the element's abundance in
Nitrogen (N) - Discovery date: 1669 the mineral rutile, which was found in a clay
- Atomic number: 7 - Discovered by: Hennig Brand called "menaccan stannite." Menaccan is a
- Discovery date: 1772 - Origin of the name: From the Greek word district in Cornwall, where the discovery
- Discovered by: Daniel Rutherford "phosphoros," meaning bringer of light. occurred, and is believed to be derived from
- Origin of the name: Named after the Greek - Electron Configuration: (Ne) 3s2 3p3 the Cornish word "meneth," meaning "home"
words "nitron" and "genes," meaning nitre- - Proton: 15 or "place" of the Titans.
forming. - Electron: 15 -Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d2 4s2
- Electron Configuration: (He) 2s2 2p3 - Neutron: 16 - Proton: 22
- Proton: 7 - Electron: 20
- Electron: 7 Sulfur (S) - Neutron: 26
- Neutron: 7 - Atomic number: 16
- Discovery date: Known since ancient V (Vanadium)
Oxygen (O) times - Atomic number: 23
- Atomic number: 8 - Discovered by: Not applicable (known - Discovery date: 1801
- Discovery date: 1774 since ancient times) - Discovered by: Andrés Manuel del Río and
- Discovered by: Joseph Priestley - Origin of the name: From the Latin word Nils Gabriel Sefström
- Origin of the name: From the Greek words "sulfur," meaning brimstone. - Origin of the name: Vanadium is named a-
"oxy" and "genes," meaning acid-forming. - Electron Configuration: (Ne) 3s2 3p4 fter the Norse goddess of beauty, fertility,
- Electron Configuration: (He) 2s2 2p4 - Proton: 16 and love, Vanadis, who rode through the sky
- Proton: 8 - Electron: 18 in a chariot drawn by flying dragons.
- Electron: 10 - Neutron: 16 - Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d3 4s2
- Neutron: 8 - Proton: 23
- Electron: 21
- Neutron: 28
Cr (Chromium) Ga (Gallium) Sr (Strontium)
- Atomic number: 24 Atomic number: 31 Atomic number: 38
- Discovery date: 1797 Discovery date: 1875 Discovery date: 1790
- Discovered by: Nicolas Lémery and Carl Discovered by: Paul-Émile Lecoq de Discovered by: Adair Crawford
Wilhelm Scheele Boisbaudran Origin of the name: Strontium is named after
- Origin of the name: Chromium is derived Origin of the name: Gallium is named after the village of Strontian in Scotland, where the
from the Greek word "chroma," meaning Gaul, the name for the region now known as element was first isolated.
"color," due to its ability to produce various France, where the element was discovered. Electron configuration: (Kr) 5s2
colors in compounds. Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d10 4s2 4p1 - Proton: 38
- Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d5 4s1 - Proton: 31 - Electron: 36
- Proton: 24 - Electron: 28 - Neutron: 50
- Electron: 22 - Neutron: 39
- Neutron: 28 Y (Yttrium)
Ge (Germanium) Atomic number: 39
Mg (Manganese) Atomic number: 32 Discovery date: 1794
Atomic number: 25 Discovery date: 1886 Discovered by: Carl Gustaf Mosander
Discovery date: 1774 Discovered by: Clemens Winkler Origin of the name: Yttrium is named after
Discovered by: Carl-Wilhem Scheele Origin of the name: Germanium is named the village Ytterby in Sweden, where the
Origin of the name: The derivation of after Germany, the country where it was mineral containing this element was found.
Manganese may have come from one of two discovered. Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d1 5s2
routes: either from the Latin 'magnes', Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d10 4s2 4p2 - Proton: 39
meaning magnet, or from the black - Proton: 32 - Electron: 36
magnesium oxide, 'magnesia nigra'. - Electron: 30 - Neutron: 50
Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d5 4s2 - Neutron: 41
- Proton: 25 Zr (Zirconium)
- Electron: 23 As (Arsenic) Atomic number: 40
- Neutron: 30 Atomic number: 33 Discovery date: 1789
Discovery date: 1250 BCE Discovered by: Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Fe (Iron) Discovered by: Unknown Origin of the name: Zirconium is named after
Atomic number: 26 Origin of the name: The word "arsenic" comes the mineral zircon, in which it is found. The
Discovery date: 3500BC from the Latin word "arsenicus," which name "zircon" is derived from the Persian
Discovered by: The Hittites of ancient Egypt means "of Arsinoe." Arsinoe was an ancient word "zargun," meaning "gold-colored."
Origin of the name: The word “iron” Greek city where the metal was produced Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d2 5s2
was originated from the word “iren” in Anglo- and used for making ornaments and poisons. - Proton: 40
Saxon. Some linguistics speculated that the Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d10 4s2 4p3 - Electron: 36
word “iron” was derived from Etruscan aisar, - Proton: 33 - Neutron: 51
meaning the “gods”. - Electron: 33
Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d⁶ 4s² - Neutron: 42 Nb (Niobium)
- Proton: 26 Atomic number: 41
- Electron: 24 Se (Selenium) Discovery date: 1801
- Neutron: 30 Atomic number: 34 Discovered by: Christian Gmelin
Discovery date: 1817 Origin of the name: Niobium is named after
Co (Cobalt) Discovered by: Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner Niobe, a figure from Greek mythology.
Atomic number: 27 and his assistant Stäudlin Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d4 5s1
Discovery date: 1735 Origin of the name: Selenium is derived from - Proton: 41
Discovered by: Georg Brandt the Greek word "Selene," which means - Electron: 38
Origin of the name: Cobalt's name comes "Moon." - Neutron: 53
from the German word "kobald," which Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d10 4s2 4p4
means "goblin" or "evil spirit." This is because - Proton: 34 Mo (Molybdenum)
the mineral vitriol, which contains cobalt, was - Electron: 36 Atomic number: 42
believed to be the abode of goblins. - Neutron: 45 Discovery date: 1778
Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d7 4s2 Discovered by: Carl Wilhelm Scheele
- Proton: 27 Br (Bromine) Origin of the name: Molybdenum is derived
- Electron: 25 Atomic number: 35 from the Greek word "molybdos," meaning
- Neutron: 32 Discovery date: 1825 "lead" or "to lead." This is because the metal
Discovered by: Antoine Jerome Balard was first identified as an impurity in lead and
Ni (Nickel) Origin of the name: Bromine is derived from copper ores.
Atomic number: 28 the Greek word "bromos," meaning "stink," Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d5 5s1
Discovery date: 1751 due to its strong odor. - Proton: 42
Discovered by: Axel Fredrik Cronstedt - Proton: 35 - Electron: 39
Origin of the name: Nickel is derived from the - Electron: 35 - Neutron: 54
German word "kupfernickel," which means - Neutron: 45
"devil's copper" or "copper imitator." Tc (Technetium)
Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d8 4s2 Kr (Krypton) Atomic number: 43
- Proton: 28 Atomic number: 36 Discovery date: 1937
- Electron: 26 Discovery date: 1898 Discovered by: Charles James and Emilio
- Neutron: 33 Discovered by: Sir William Ramsay and Segrè
Morris Travers Origin of the name: Technetium is the first
Cu (Copper) Origin of the name: Krypton is derived from element artificially produced in macroscopic
Atomic number: 29 the Greek word "kryptos," meaning "hidden" quantities. The name "technetium" comes
Discovery date: Known to humans since or "concealed," because it was one of the first from the Greek word "technetos," meaning
prehistory noble gases to be discovered and was "artificial" or "man-made."
Discovered by: Unknown present in air but in very low concentrations. Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d5 5s2
Origin of the name: The name "copper" is Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d10 4s2 4p6 - Proton: 43
derived from the Latin word "cuprum," which - Proton: 36 - Electron: 39
was the Romans' term for the metal. - Electron: 36 - Neutron: 55
Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d10 4s1 - Neutron: 48
- Proton: 29 Ru (Ruthenium)
- Electron: 28 Rb (Rubidium) Atomic number: 44
- Neutron: 35 Atomic number: 37 Discovery date: 1844
Discovery date: 1861 Discovered by: Karl Ernst Claus
Zn (Zinc) Discovered by: Robert Bunsen and Gustav Origin of the name: Ruthenium is named
Atomic number: 30 Robert Kirchhoff after the country of Russia, where the
Discovery date: 13th century Origin of the name: Rubidium is derived from mineral containing this element was found.
Discovered by: Unknown the Latin word "rubidus," meaning "deep red," Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d7 5s1
Origin of the name: The word "zinc" comes referring to the element's deep red lines in its - Proton: 44
from the German word "zink," which was spectrum. - Electron: 41
used to describe the impure form of zinc Electron configuration: (Kr) 5s1 - Neutron: 57
called "calamine." Calamine is a zinc - Proton: 37
carbonate found in zinc ores. - Electron: 36
Electron configuration: (Ar) 3d10 4s2 - Neutron: 48
- Proton: 30
- Electron: 28
- Neutron: 35
Rh (Rhodium) Te (Tellurium) Ta (Tantalum)
Atomic number: 45 Atomic number: 52 Atomic number: 73
Discovery date: 1803 Discovery date: 1782 Discovery date: 1802
Discovered by: William Hyde Wollaston Discovered by: Franz Joseph Müller von Discovered by: Anders Gustav Ekeberg
Origin of the name: Rhodium is derived from Reichenstein Origin of the name: Tantalum is named after
the Greek word "rhodon," meaning "rose" or Origin of the name: Tellurium is derived from Tantalus, a figure from Greek mythology.
"rosy red." This is due to the element's rosy- the Latin word "tellus," meaning "Earth." This Tantalus was a son of Tantalus and the
red appearance when freshly cut. is because the element was first identified in father of Niobe. Tantalum was discovered in
Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d8 5s1 gold and silver ores. the same mineral as another element,
- Proton: 45 Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d10 5s2 5p4 niobium, which is named after Niobe,
- Electron: 42 - Proton: 52 Tantalus' daughter.
- Neutron: 58 - Electron: 52 Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d3 6s2
- Neutron: 76 - Proton: 73
Pd (Palladium) - Electron: 68
Atomic number: 46 I (Iodine) - Neutron:108
Discovery date: 1803 Atomic number: 53
Discovered by: William Hyde Wollaston Discovery date: 1811 W (Tungsten)
Origin of the name: Palladium is named after Discovered by: Bernard Courtois Atomic number: 74
Pallas Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom Origin of the name: Iodine is derived from the Discovery date: 1783
and warfare. Wollaston discovered the Greek word "iodes," meaning "violet," due to Discovered by: Carl Wilhelm Scheele
element while studying platinum and named the violet-colored lines in its spectrum. Origin of the name: Tungsten is derived from
it after the sister of platinum in Greek Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d10 5s2 5p5 the combination of two words: "tung"
mythology. - Proton: 53 (meaning "heavy") and "sten" (meaning "tin").
Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d10 - Electron: 53 This is due to the element's high density
- Proton: 46 - Neutron: 74 compared to tin, which it replaced in many
- Electron: 44 alloys.
- Neutron: 60 Xe (Xenon) Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d4 6s2
Atomic number: 54 - Proton: 74
Ag (Silver) Discovery date: 1898 - Electron: 68
Atomic number: 47 Discovered by: Sir William Ramsay and - Neutron:110
Discovery date: Known to humans since Morris Travers
prehistory Origin of the name: Xenon is derived from the Re (Rhenium)
Discovered by: Unknown Greek word "xenos," meaning "stranger" or Atomic number: 75
Origin of the name: The name "silver" comes "foreigner," because it was one of the first Discovery date: 1925-1927
from the Old English word "seolfor" or noble gases to be discovered and was Discovered by: Walter Noddack, Ida Tacke,
"siolfor," which means "shining one." This is present in air but in very low concentrations. and Otto Berg
due to the element's shiny appearance. Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d10 5s2 5p6 Origin of the name: Rhenium is named after
Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d10 5s1 - Proton: 54 the River Rhine in Germany, where the
- Proton: 47 - Electron: 54 element was first isolated.
- Electron: 46 - Neutron: 77 Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d5 6s2
- Neutron: 61 - Proton: 75
Cs (Cesium) - Electron: 76
Cd (Cadmium) Atomic number: 55 - Neutron:111
Atomic number: 48 Discovery date: 1860
Discovery date: 1817 Discovered by: Robert Bunsen and Gustav Os (Osmium)
Discovered by: Friedrich Stromeyer Kirchhoff Atomic number: 76
Origin of the name: Cadmium is derived from Origin of the name: Cesium is derived from Discovery date: 1760
the Latin word "cadmia," which is the name of the Latin word "Caesar," which was the family Discovered by: Smithson Tennant
a green mineral, greenockite. Cadmium was name of the scientist who first isolated the Origin of the name: Osmium is derived from
first isolated from this mineral. element, Stanislao Cannizzaro's father. the Greek word "osme," meaning "odor" or
Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d10 5s2 Electron configuration: (Xe) 6s1 "smell." This is due to the element's strong
- Proton: 48 - Proton: 55 odor when it is freshly isolated.
- Electron: 46 - Electron: 54 Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d6 6s2
- Neutron: 64 - Neutron: 78 - Proton: 76
- Electron: 73
In (Indium) Ba (Barium) - Neutron:114
Atomic number: 49 Atomic number: 56
Discovery date: 1863 Discovery date: 1774 Ir (Iridium)
Discovered by: Ferdinand Reich and Discovered by: Carl Wilhelm Scheele Atomic number: 77
Hieronymus Theodor Richter Origin of the name: Barium is derived from Discovery date: 1803
Origin of the name: Indium is named after the Greek word "barys," meaning "heavy." Discovered by: Smithson Tennant
India, the country where the mineral This is due to the element's high density Origin of the name: Iridium is derived from
containing this element was first found. compared to other elements. the Greek word "iris," which means "rainbow."
Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d10 5s2 5p1 Electron configuration: (Xe) 6s2 This is due to the element's silvery-white
- Proton: 49 - Proton: 56 color and its use in making rainbow-colored
- Electron: 46 - Electron: 54 patterns in jewelry.
- Neutron: 66 - Neutron: 81 Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d7 6s2
- Proton: 77
Sn (Tin) La (Lanthanum) - Electron: 74
Atomic number: 50 Atomic number: 57 - Neutron:115
Discovery date: Known to humans since Discovery date: 1839
prehistory Discovered by: Carl Gustaf Mosander Pt (Platinum)
Discovered by: Unknown Origin of the name: Lanthanum is derived Atomic number: 78
Origin of the name: The name "tin" comes from the Greek word "lanthanō," meaning "to Discovery date: Known to humans since
from the Old English word "tin," which has the lie hidden" or "to be covert." Electron prehistory
same meaning as the modern English word. configuration: (Xe) 5d1 6s2 Discovered by: Unknown
Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d10 5s2 5p2 - Proton: 57 Origin of the name: Platinum is derived from
- Proton: 50 - Electron: 54 the Spanish words "plata" (meaning "silver")
- Electron: 48 - Neutron: 82 and "platino" (meaning "little silver"). This is
- Neutron: 69 because the element looks very similar to
Hf (Hafnium) silver.
Sb (Antimony) Atomic number: 72 Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d9 6s1
Atomic number: 51 Discovery date: 1922-1923 - Proton: 78
Discovery date: 3rd century BCE Discovered by: Dirk Coster and George de - Electron: 76
Discovered by: Unknown Hevesy - Neutron:117
Origin of the name: Antimony is derived from Origin of the name: Hafnium is named after
the Greek words "anti" (meaning "opposing" the Latin word "Hafnia," which is the Latin
or "against") and "monos" (meaning "alone"). name for the city of Copenhagen, Denmark,
This is due to the element's ability to harden where the element was discovered.
other metals when combined with them. Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d2 6s2
Electron configuration: (Kr) 4d10 5s2 5p3 - Proton: 72
- Proton: 51 - Electron: 68
- Electron: 51 - Neutron: 106
- Neutron: 71
Au (Gold) At (Astatine) Sg (Seaborgium)
Atomic number: 79 Atomic number: 85 Atomic number: 106
Discovery date: Known to humans since Discovery date: 1940 Discovery date: 1974
prehistory Discovered by: Dale R. Corson, Emilio Segrè, Discovered by: Team of American scientists
Discovered by: Unknown and K. R. MacDonald Origin of the name: Seaborgium is named in
Origin of the name: The name "gold" comes Origin of the name: Astatine is derived from honor of Glenn T. Seaborg, an American
from the Old English word "geolud," which the Greek word "astatos," meaning "unstable" chemist who made significant contributions
means "yellow." This refers to the element's or "unstable element." This is due to the to the discovery and understanding of
characteristic yellow color. element's extremely short half-life. transuranium elements.
Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d10 6s1 Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d10 6s2 Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d4 7s2
- Proton: 79 6p5 - Proton: 106
- Electron: 78 - Proton: 85 - Electron: 106
- Neutron:118 - Electron: 85 - Neutron: 165
- Neutron: 125
Hg (Mercury) Bh (Bohrium)
Atomic number: 80 Rn (Radon) Atomic number: 107
Discovery date: Known to humans since Atomic number: 86 Discovery date: 1976
prehistory Discovery date: 1900 Discovered by: Team of Danish and German
Discovered by: Unknown Discovered by: Friedrich Ernst Dorn and Ernst scientists
Origin of the name: The name "mercury" Ortvay Origin of the name: Boh
comes from the Roman god Mercury, who Origin of the name: Radon is derived from the Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d5 7s2
was the god of financial gain, commerce, Latin word "radius," meaning "ray." This is - Proton: 107
eloquence, messages, and thieves. This is because the element is a member of the - Electron: 107
because mercury was associated with the noble gas group, which is often involved in - Neutron: 165
Roman currency, which contained a high radioactive decay processes.
percentage of the metal. Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d10 6s2 Hs (Hassium)
Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 Atomic number: 108
- Proton: 80 - Proton: 86 Discovery date: 1984
- Electron: 79 - Electron: 86 Discovered by: Team of German scientists
- Neutron:121 - Neutron: 136 Origin of the name: Hassium is named after
the region of Hesse in Germany, where the
Tl (Thallium) Fr (Francium) element was first synthesized.
Atomic number: 81 Atomic number: 87 Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d6 7s2
Discovery date: 1861 Discovery date: 1939 - Proton: 108
Discovered by: Wilhelm Homberg Discovered by: Marguerite Perey - Electron: 108
Origin of the name: Thallium is derived from Origin of the name: Francium is named after - Neutron: 162
the Greek word "thallos," meaning "green France, the country where the element was
shoot" or "young plant." This is due to the discovered. Mt (Meitnerium)
element's green-colored salts. Electron configuration: (Rn) 7s1 Atomic number: 109
Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d10 6s2 - Proton: 87 Discovery date: 1982
6p1 - Electron: 86 Discovered by: Team of American and Soviet
- Proton: 81 - Neutron: 136 scientists
- Electron: 80 Origin of the name: Meitnerium is named in
- Neutron: 123 Ra (Radium) honor of Austrian physicist Lise Meitner, who
Atomic number: 88 made significant contributions to the
Pb (Lead) Discovery date: 1898 understanding of nuclear fission.
Atomic number: 82 Discovered by: Marie Curie and her husband Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d7 7s2
Discovery date: Known to humans since Pierre Curie - Proton: 109
prehistory Origin of the name: Radium is derived from - Electron: 109
Discovered by: Unknown the Latin word "radius," meaning "ray." This is - Neutron: 167
Origin of the name: The name "lead" comes because the element is a member of the
from the Anglo-Saxon word "plætan," which radioactive element group. Ds (Darmstadtium)
means "to assay" or "to try." This is because Electron configuration: (Rn) 7s2 Atomic number: 110
the metal was used to make various tools - Proton: 88 Discovery date: 1994
and weapons. - Electron: 86 Discovered by: Team of German scientists
Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d10 6s2 - Neutron: 138 Origin of the name: Darmstadtium is named
6p2 after the city of Darmstadt in Germany, where
- Proton: 82 Ac (Actinium) the element was first synthesized.
- Electron: 80 Atomic number: 89 Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d9 7s2
- Neutron: 125 Discovery date: 1899 - Proton: 110
Discovered by: Friedrich Oskar Giesel - Electron: 110
Bi (Bismuth) Origin of the name: Actinium is derived from - Neutron: 171
Atomic number: 83 the Greek word "aktis," meaning "beam" or
Discovery date: 1567 "ray." This is due to the element's radioactive Rg (Roentgenium)
Discovered by: Basil Valentine properties. Atomic number: 111
Origin of the name: Bismuth is derived from Electron configuration: (Rn) 6d1 7s2 Discovery date: 1994
the Greek words "bismuthos" or "bisemutos," - Proton: 89 Discovered by: Team of Russian scientists
meaning "twice-formed" or "twice-purified." - Electron: 86 Origin of the name: Roentgenium is named in
This is due to the element's unusual crystal - Neutron: 138 honor of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, the
structure and the fact that it is often found in German physicist who discovered X-rays.
nature as a byproduct of other metal ores. Rf (Rutherfordium) Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d10 7s1
Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d10 6s2 Atomic number: 104 - Proton: 111
6p3 Discovery date: 2006 - Electron: 111
- Proton: 83 Discovered by: Team of Russian, American, - Neutron: 169
- Electron: 80 and Japanese scientists
- Neutron: 126 Origin of the name: Rutherfordium is named Cn (Copernicium)
in honor of Sir Ernest Rutherford, a British Atomic number: 112
Po (Polonium) physicist. Discovery date: 2000
Atomic number: 84 Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d2 7s2 Discovered by: Team of German scientists
Discovery date: 1898 - Proton: 104 Origin of the name: Copernicium is named in
Discovered by: Marie Curie and her husband - Electron: 100 honor of the Polish astronomer Nicolaus
Pierre Curie - Neutron: 161 Copernicus, who proposed a heliocentric
Origin of the name: Polonium is named after model of the solar system.
Poland, the country where the element was Db (Dubnium) Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d10 7s2
discovered. Atomic number: 105 - Proton: 112
Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d10 6s2 Discovery date: 1992 - Electron: 112
6p4 Discovered by: Team of German and - Neutron: 173
- Proton: 84 American scientists
- Electron: 82 Origin of the name: Dubnium is named after
- Neutron: 125 the town of Dubna in Russia, where the
element was first synthesized.
Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d3 7s2
- Proton: 105
- Electron: 105
- Neutron: 163
Nh (Nihonium) Pr (Praseodymium) Tb (Terbium)
Atomic number: 113 Atomic number: 59 Atomic number: 65
Discovery date: 2004 Discovery date: 1841 Discovery date: 1843
Discovered by: Team of Japanese scientists Discovered by: Carl Gustaf Mosander Discovered by: Carl Gustaf Mosander
Origin of the name: Nihonium is derived from Origin of the name: Praseodymium is derived Origin of the name: Terbium is derived from
the Japanese word "Nihon," meaning "Japan." from the Greek words "prason" (meaning the Latinized form of Ytterby, the name of the
Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d10 7s2 "leek") and "didymos" (meaning "twin" or locality where the element was discovered.
7p1 "pair"). This is due to the element's green- Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f9 6s2
- Proton: 113 colored salts, which resemble the color of - Proton: 65
- Electron: 114 leeks. - Electron: 62
- Neutron: 173 Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f3 6s2 - Neutron: 94
- Proton: 59
Fl (Flerovium) - Electron: 56 Dy (Dysprosium)
Atomic number: 114 - Neutron: 82 Atomic number: 66
Discovery date: 2009 Discovery date: 1886
Discovered by: Team of Russian scientists Nd (Neodymium) Discovered by: Carl Auer von Welsbach
Origin of the name: Flerovium is named in Atomic number: 60 Origin of the name: Dysprosium is derived
honor of Georgy Flyorov. Discovery date: 1885 from the Greek words "dys" (meaning "hard"
Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d10 7s2 Discovered by: Carl Auer von Welsbach or "difficult") and "prospondos" (meaning "to
7p2 Origin of the name: Neodymium is derived go forward" or "to progress"). This is due to
- Proton: 114 from the Greek words "neos" (meaning "new") the element's difficulty in isolation and its
- Electron: 114 and "dia-" (meaning "through" or "across"). various applications.
- Neutron: 175 This is because the element was discovered Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f10 6s2
as a new component in the mineral ytterbia, - Proton: 66
Mc (Moscovium) which was already known. - Electron: 63
Atomic number: 115 Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f4 6s2 - Neutron: 97
Discovery date: 2003 - Proton: 60
Discovered by: Team of Russian scientists - Electron: 57 Ho (Holmium)
Origin of the name: Moscovium is named - Neutron: 84 Atomic number: 67
after the country of Russia, where the Discovery date: 1878
element was first synthesized. Pm (Promethium) Discovered by: Carl Auer von Welsbach
Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d10 7s2 Atomic number: 61 Origin of the name: Holmium is derived from
7p3 Discovery date: 1945 the Latin name for the island of Iceland,
- Proton: 115 Discovered by: Charles D. Coryell and his "Holmi" or "Hholm." This is due to the
- Electron: 114 team element's discovery in a mineral found in
- Neutron: 174 Origin of the name: Promethium is named Iceland.
after Prometheus, a figure from Greek Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f11 6s2
Lv (Livermorium) mythology. Prometheus stole fire from the - Proton: 67
Atomic number: 116 gods and gave it to humanity, symbolizing - Electron: 64
Discovery date: 2015 knowledge and progress. This element was - Neutron: 98
Discovered by: Team of American and British chosen to represent this theme due to its
scientists radioactive properties and its use in various Er (Erbium)
Origin of the name: Livermorium is named applications, such as lighting. Atomic number: 68
after the Lawrence Livermore National Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f5 6s2 Discovery date: 1843
Laboratory in California, where the element - Proton: 61 Discovered by: Carl Gustaf Mosander
was first synthesized. - Electron: 58 Origin of the name: Erbium is derived from
Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d10 7s2 - Neutron: 84 the Latinized form of Ytterby, the name of the
7p4 locality where the element was discovered.
- Proton: 116 Sm (Samarium) Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f12 6s2
- Electron: 116 Atomic number: 62 - Proton: 68
- Neutron: 177 Discovery date: 1879 - Electron: 65
Discovered by: Per Teodor Cleve - Neutron: 99
Ts (Tennessine) Origin of the name: Samarium is named after
Atomic number: 117 the ancient Phoenician city of Sarmarus, Tm (Thulium)
Discovery date: 2012 which is now modern-day Zaragoza in Spain. Atomic number: 69
Discovered by: Team of German and The mineral samarskite, from which the Discovery date: 1878
American scientists element was isolated, was first discovered Discovered by: Per Teodor Cleve
Origin of the name: Tennessine is named in near this city. Origin of the name: Thulium is named after
honor of the U.S. state of Tennessee, where Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f6 6s2 the ancient Latin name for the island of
Oak Ridge National Laboratory is located, - Proton: 62 Thule, which is now considered to be the
which played a significant role in the - Electron: 60 Shetland Islands or Iceland. The element was
discovery process. - Neutron: 88 discovered in a mineral from these islands.
Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d10 7s2 Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f13 6s2
7p5 Eu (Europium) - Proton: 69
- Proton: 117 Atomic number: 63 - Electron: 66
- Electron: 118 Discovery date: 1901 - Neutron: 100
- Neutron: 177 Discovered by: Paul-Émile Lecoq de
Boisbaudran Yb (Ytterbium)
Og (Oganesson) Origin of the name: Europium is named after Atomic number: 70
Atomic number: 118 Europe, the continent where the element was Discovery date: 1907
Discovery date: 2006 discovered. Discovered by: Salomon August Andreas
Discovered by: Team of Russian scientists Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f7 6s2 Valdemar Meitner and Carl Gustav Wicksell
Origin of the name: Oganesson is named in - Proton: 63 Origin of the name: Ytterbium is derived from
honor of Yuri Oganessian, a Soviet and - Electron: 61 the Latinized form of Ytterby, the name of the
Armenian physicist and chemist who made - Neutron: 89 locality where the element was discovered.
significant contributions to the study of Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 6s2
transuranium elements. Gd (Gadolinium) - Proton: 70
Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 6d10 7s2 Atomic number: 64 - Electron: 68
7p6 Discovery date: 1880 - Neutron: 103
- Proton: 118 Discovered by: Jean Charles Galissard de
- Electron: 119 Marignac Lu (Lutetium)
- Neutron: 176 Origin of the name: Gadolinium is named Atomic number: 71
after Johan Gadolin, a Finnish chemist who Discovery date: 1907
Ce (Cerium) first studied the mineral ytterbia from which Discovered by: André-Louis Debierne
Atomic number: 58 the element was later isolated. Origin of the name: Lutetium is derived from
Discovery date: 1803 Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f7 5d1 6s2 "Lutetia," the ancient Roman name for the
Discovered by: Carl Axel Arrhenius - Proton: 64 city of Paris. The element was discovered in a
Origin of the name: Cerium is derived from - Electron: 61 mineral found near Paris.
the Latin word "Cerus," meaning "stag" or - Neutron: 93 Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f14 5d1 6s2
"deer." - Proton: 71
Electron configuration: (Xe) 4f1 5d1 6s2 - Electron: 68
- Proton: 58 - Neutron: 104
- Electron: 55
- Neutron: 82
Th (Thorium) Bk (Berkelium)
- Atomic number: 90 - Atomic number: 97
- Discovery date: Discovered in 1828 - Discovery date: Discovered in 1949
- Discovered by: Jöns Jacob Berzelius - Discovered by: Stanley G. Thompson, Albert
- Origin of the name: Named after Thor, the Ghiorso, and Glenn T. Seaborg
Norse god of thunder - Origin of the name: Named after the city of
Electron configuration: (Rn) 6d2 7s2 Berkeley, California, where the University of
- Proton: 90 California Radiation Laboratory is located
- Electron: 86 Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f9 7s2
- Neutron: 142 - Proton: 97
- Electron: 94
Pa (Protactinium) - Neutron: 150
- Atomic number: 91
- Discovery date: Discovered in 1913 Cf (Californium)
- Discovered by: Kasimir Fajans and Oswald - Atomic number: 98
Helmuth Göhring - Discovery date: Discovered in 1950
- Origin of the name: From the Greek word - Discovered by: Stanley G. Thompson,
"protos" meaning first, and the element's Kenneth Street Jr., Albert Ghiorso, and Glenn
position in the actinide series T. Seaborg
Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f2 6d1 7s2 - Origin of the name: Named after the state of
- Proton: 91 California and the University of California
- Electron: 87 Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f10 7s2
- Neutron: 140 - Proton: 98
- Electron: 95
U (Uranium) - Neutron: 153
- Atomic number: 92
- Discovery date: Discovered in 1789 Es (Einsteinium)
- Discovered by: Martin Heinrich Klaproth - Atomic number: 99
- Origin of the name: Named after the planet - Discovery date: Discovered in 1952
Uranus - Discovered by: Albert Ghiorso and team
Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f3 6d1 7s2 - Origin of the name: Named after Albert
- Proton: 92 Einstein
- Electron: 89 Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f11 7s2
- Neutron: 146 - Proton: 99
- Electron: 96
Np (Neptunium) - Neutron: 153
- Atomic number: 93
- Discovery date: Discovered in 1940 Fm (Fermium)
- Discovered by: Edwin McMillan and Philip H. - Atomic number: 100
Abelson - Discovery date: Discovered in 1952
- Origin of the name: Named after the planet - Discovered by: Albert Ghiorso and team
Neptune - Origin of the name: Named after Enrico
Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f4 6d1 7s2 Fermi
- Proton: 93 Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f12 7s2
- Electron: 90 - Proton: 100
- Neutron: 144 - Electron: 97
- Neutron: 157
Pu (Plutonium)
- Atomic number: 94 Md (Mendelevium)
- Discovery date: Discovered in 1940 - Atomic number: 101
- Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur C. - Discovery date: Discovered in 1955
Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, and Edwin M. - Discovered by: Albert Ghiorso and team
McMillan - Origin of the name: Named after Dmitri
- Origin of the name: Named after the planet Mendeleev, the creator of the periodic table
Pluto Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f13 7s2
Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f6 7s2 - Proton: 101
- Proton: 94 - Electron: 99
- Electron: 91 - Neutron: 157
- Neutron: 150
No (Nobelium)
Am (Americium) - Atomic number: 102
- Atomic number: 95 - Discovery date: Discovered in 1958
- Discovery date: Discovered in 1944 - Discovered by: Albert Ghiorso and team
- Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. - Origin of the name: Named in honor of
James, Leon O. Morgan, and Albert Ghiorso Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite and
- Origin of the name: Named after the founder of the Nobel Prize
Americas Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f14 7s2
Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f7 7s2 - Proton: 102
- Proton: 95 - Electron: 100
- Electron: 92 - Neutron: 157
- Neutron: 148
Lr (Lawrencium)
Cm (Curium) - Atomic number: 103
- Atomic number: 96 - Discovery date: Discovered in 1961
- Discovery date: Discovered in 1944 - Discovered by: Albert Ghiorso and team
- Discovered by: Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. - Origin of the name: Named in honor of
James, and Albert Ghiorso Ernest O. Lawrence, the inventor of the
- Origin of the name: Named after Pierre and cyclotron.
Marie Curie Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f 14 7s2 p1
Electron configuration: (Rn) 5f7 6d1 7s2 - Proton: 103
- Proton: 96 - Electron: 100
- Electron: 93 - Neutron: 159
- Neutron: 151