EKLAVYA ACADEMY

NTA NET PAPER 1

GENERAL PAPER
HIGHER EDUCATION & GOVERNMENT
Mrs. Abhilasha.N
Mcom, MPhil, NET-JRF,SET, (Ph.D. in commerce),
Contact No: 9620925899
 HIGHER EDUCATION & GOVERNMENT
Average Question: 4 to 8 questions = 8 to 16 marks
Type of questions: Concept, memory and current affairs
Most important topic:
• Education in Ancient period, Medieval India & modern period
• Higher education in India – pre & post independence period
• Structure of Higher education in India
• Regulatory Framework governing higher education in India
• Educational bodies – UGC, NTA, NCERT & UPSC
• Major Universities and colleges
• Value education
• Rajyasabha, Loksabha, President, Prime minister, Supreme court,
Fundamental rights & duties
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 EVOLUATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA
The orgin of education education in india can be traced to the Vedic age. Our ancient
literature namely vedas, brahmanas and Upanishads revealed the highest knowledge to
mankind through our ancient rishis. Indian higher education is one of the largest in the
world, just after United states and China. India is the third largest in the world

Three levels of HE:

A) Elementary education (1-8)
B) Secondary education (9-10)
C) Tertiary education
• Higher education : a) General – degrees b) Professional course – CS, CA
• Vocational education : a) Traditional – ITI/computer b) New and emerging – travel,
hospitality, aviation
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EKLAVYA ACADEMY- 9620925899
EVOLUATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION
BEFORE INDEPENDENCE

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CHARTER ACT, 1813: Aims to set scientific knowledge in British India. In 1817, Hindu College,
Calcutta & later become Presidency College, 1855 & Presidency University , 2010
ELPHINSTONE REPORT (1823): Recommends appointment of District examination officiers, school
supervisors and training to teachers. Elphinstone institutions was set up in 1834, Bombay which
aims at new development in the field of HE and its oldest colleges in BOMBAY university.
GENERAL COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION (1823) : It was formed to look after the
development of education in India and also to create pressure on British India company to
promote western education.
LORD MACALAY MINUTE, 1985: English medium of instruction was directed in elemary and
secondary education. English became court language and played in building Modern India.
WOOD DISPATCH, 1854 : Considered as “Magna Carta (Final constitution for education of India) ”
of English education in India. Recommended English as a medium of instructions for HS at school
level and set up 3 universities at Bombay, Madras and Calcutta. It was first policy measure
regarding HE.
HUNTER COMMISSION (1882-83) : Focused on segregation of primary education and higher
education and proposed that universities would have to manage the affiliated colleges.
UNIVERSITY COMMISSION (1902): Lord Curzon, was first person to appoint a commission on
University education. On January 27th 1902, Indian University Act, 1904 – Indian university
commission was appointed under the chairmanship of Sir Thomos Releigh to enquire into
conditions and prospects of the university established in British India and to consider and report
upon the proposals for improving their constitutions and working Indian University Act of 1904,
passed on March 21, was formulated on the basis of recommendations of Indian University
Commission of 1902
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SADDLER COMMISSION, 1917: Popularly known as Calcutta University commission. It recommends
the separation of intermediate education for degree college and suggest special selection committee
for selection of university teachers. Calculate university commission suggested to set up Central
Advisory Board of Education (CABE), 1920 but was abolished in 1923 due to financial crisis. Under the
Government of India Act, 1919, to minimize the control of central government in the education
system.
HARTOG COMMITTEE (1929): Focused on improvising the quality and standards of university level
education and need for improvement in training of teachers. Also, recommended to set up CABE
which was again established in 1935 (still exist)
SAPRU COMMITTEE : Committee appointed in 1934 by United province (largely present in UP)
government to enquire into the cause of employment in UP and conclusion that the system of
educational just prepares pupils only for examination .
ABBOT WOOD REPORT (1937): Proposed that English should be medium of instructions at University
level and suggested regarding Vocational education through polytechnics and to set up vocational
teachers training colleges.
WARDHA SCHEME OF EDUCATION (1937) : Also, known as Nai Talim or Basic education or Buniyadi
Talim (shiksha) or basic shiksha. The scheme is an outcome of philosophy of Gandhiji under the
chairship of Dr. Zakir Hussain and later become the President of India.
SERGANT PLAN OF EDUCATION, 1944: Also, called scheme of Postwar educational development in
India. Recommended universal, compulsory and free education for children between ages of 6 to 14.
It recommended setting up of UGC and proposed a three years degree course. Also suggests that
education of physically and mentally handicapped children should be promoted.

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HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM AFTER
INDENPENDENCE

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RADHAKRISHAN COMMISSION (1948-1949) : Also known as University
Education Commission. It suggested integration of secondary education and HE by
setting up UGC. Also, recommended the setting of rural universities.

MADULIAR COMMISSION (1952-1953) : Also, called as Secondary Education

commission. It recommended to introduce three or four year HES and to advocate
setting up of multipurpose schools and vocational training institutes.

COMMITTEE OF EMOTIONAL INTEGRATION (1961): Set up under the

chairmanship of Dr. Sampurananand to study the role of educational programmes
for youth (students of school & college)

KOTHARI COMMISSION (1964-1966): its called as “Education & National

development” report. Its was very progressive report and proposed 3 years course
and 4 years honours degree course.

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EDUCATION SUBJECT IN CONCURRENT LIST (1976): India has a federal setup and
education is the concurrent responsibility of both centre and state.
NATIONAL POLICY OF EDUCATION: Kothari commission was followed by the
National policy on Education from 1968, 1986 & 2020. Aims to improve the quality
of HE and also proposed imparting HE by distance learning role. Both policies
suggested that 6% of our National Income should be spend on education.
SAM PITRODA COMMITTEE (2007) : Also, known as National knowledge
commission. It recommends restructuring of curriculum to meet the demand of
multidisciplinary professionals and criteria based resource allocation to ensure
maintenance of standards and strategic preference to promote excellence in HE.
YASHPAL COMMITTEE : Suggested that all deemed universities to covert into full-
fledged universities which are monitored and controlled by CHER (Commission for
HE & Research)
ANIL KAKODKAR COMMITTEE: Recommended strategies to improve technical
education in the country and recommended 2% budget in every institutions towards
research.
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IMPORTANT PORTALS OF DEPARTMENT OF
HIGHER EDUCATION

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1. NATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL RANKING FRAMEWORK (NIRF): Its launched by
honorable minister for HRD on 29th September, 2015. This organisation outlines
a methodology to rank the different institutions across various categories and
universities across the country.
2. IMPACTING RESEARCH INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY (IMPRINT): MHRD
support Pan IIT + IISc joint initiative to address the major challenges of
engineering and science that India should address, overcome and empower the
nation for the inclusive growth and self-reliance.
3. SWAYAM: Its an instrument for self actualization which provides
opportunities for a life long learning. There are 7 National coordinators like
NPTEL, UGC, CEC, NCERT, IGNOU, IIMB & NITTTR.
4. Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA): Initiated by MHRD, 2013.
RUSA is centrally sponsored scheme that aims to provide detailed funding to
HEI throughout the country. Aims to improve overall quality of state institutions
by giving prescribe standards and adopt accreditation as a mandatory quality
assurance framework.
5. HIGHER EDUCATION STATISTICS AND PUBLIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (HESPIS):
It prepares a strong database on HE, MHRD launched a system on All India
Survey on HE (AISHE) to collect different data from all higher institution of
learning in country through electric mode.
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6. NATIONAL ACADEMIC DEPOSITORY (NAD): Its online storehouse of
all academic awards. It comprises two digital depositories a) CDSL Ventures Ltd
(CVL) B) NSDL Database Management Ltd (NDML).

7. GLOBAL INITIATIVE OF ACADEMIC NETWORKS (GIAN):

Government of India approved new program titled GIAN, it aims at tapping the
greatest talent pool of scientists and entrepreneurs across the country,
internationally to encourage their engagement with the HEI .

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 Important abbreviation
➢ IGNTU: Indira Gandhi National Tribal University
➢ NRP : National Research Professorship
➢ NITTTR: National Institute of Technical Teachers Training & Research
➢ EdCIL: Educational Consultants of India Limited
➢ AISHE: All India Survey on Higher Education
➢ PTR: Pupil Teacher Ratio
➢ NBT : National Book Trust of India
➢ CABE : Central Advisory Board of Education
➢ NAAC: National Assessment and Accreditation council
➢ NIRF : National Institutional Ranking Framework
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➢ NPTEL: National programme on technology exchange learning
➢ NKN : National knowledge network
➢ NDL: National Digital Library EKLAVYA ACADEMY- 9620925899
➢ NAD: National Academic Depository
➢ E-Shodu sindhu: Collection of International Journals and e-books
➢ E-vidwan: An expert database and National Researcher’s Network
➢ E-kalpa: Digital learning environment for design in India
➢ E-yantra: initiative to include Robotics into engineering
➢ BHIM : Bharat interface for money
➢ NPCI: National Payment cooperation of India
➢ SWAYAM: Study webs of active learning for young aspiring minds
➢ NMEICT : National mission on Education through Information and communication
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