DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION / ADVERSE EFFECT NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

CONTRAINDICATION

GENERIC: INDICATIONs: CNS: Before:

PROCHLORPERAZINE Phenothiazine derivative similar to Management of manifestations of Drowsiness, dizziness, extrapyramidal Dx.
BRAND: chlorpromazine. Mechanism that psychotic disorders, of excessive reactions (akathisia, dystonia or  Monitor I and O ratios and
Compazine produces strong antipsychotic anxiety, tension, and agitation, and parkinsonism), persistent tardive weight to assess patient
CLASS: effects is unclear, but thought to be to control severe nausea and dyskinesia, acute catatonia. signs and symptoms of
ANTIEMETIC related to blockade of postsynaptic vomiting. CV: dehydration.
dopamine receptors in the brain. Hypotension.  Monitor patient for fluid
THERAPEUTIC Action on the hypothalamus and CONTRAINDICATION: GI: and sodium imbalances.
Inhibits dopamine reuptake reticular formation results in Hypersensitivity to phenothiazines; Cholestatic jaundice. Tx.
sedative effects. Antiemetic effect is bone marrow depression; comatose Skin:  Before giving the
PHARMACOLOGIC: produced by suppression of the or severely depressed states; Contact dermatitis, photosensitivity. prescribed drug we must
Prochlorperazine is thought to chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ). children <9 kg (20 lb) or 2 y of Endocrine: first established rapport
exert its antipsychotic effects by SOURCE: robholland.com › age; pediatric surgery; short-term Galactorrhea, amenorrhea. Special  Explain the problem and
blocking dopamine receptors monographframes vomiting in children or vomiting of Senses: procedures to the
PROCHLORPERAZINE - unknown etiology; Reye's Blurred vision. significant others for them
DOSAGE: RobHolland.com syndrome or other Hematologic: to reduce anxiety about
2.5 mg 1–3 times/d encephalopathies; history of Leukopenia, agranulocytosis. their 8 years old daughter.
dyskinetic reactions or epilepsy; Edx.
ROUTE: pregnancy (category C), lactation.  Encourage patient to fluid
ORAL intake.

DURING:
Dx.
 Observe patient carefully
before administering
medication to ensure that
medication is actually
taken and not hoarded.
Tx.
 Provide safety and comfort
 measure to the patient
 Administer 2.5mg. amount
of drug to the patient P. O
with or without food input
observe any reaction or
complication of the patient
while administering the
drug.
 Position the patient upright
and assist while taking the
drug.
Edx.
 Instruct significant others
to report diarrhea, nausea,
dyspepsia, insomnia,
drowsiness, dizziness, or
persistent headache to
physician.

AFTER:
Dx.
 Assess knowledge/teach
patient SO appropriate
use ,interventions to reduce
side effects, and adverse
symptoms to report
 Monitor for effectiveness
as exhibited by a decrease
in symptoms
Tx.
 Safety precautions.
 Provide safety measures
 (e.g. adequate lighting,
raised side rails, etc.) to
prevent injuries.
 Monitor side effects
Edx.
 Educate significant others
about the importance of
changing positions slowly
and calmly for their child
to abrupt or gross
movements may aggravate
the condition

BEFORE:
Dx.
 Monitor for I and O to
assess for urinary retention.
Tx.
 Established rapport to the
patient and to the family,
bring teddy bare if
possible.
Edx.
 Orient significant others
Blocks acetylcholine from binding about the drug information,
GENERIC: to muscarinic receptors on smooth INDICATION: Body as a Whole: uses, pharmacokinetics or
DICYCLOMINE muscle. Adjunctively in treatment of Allergic reactions; curare-like effect pharmacodynamics.
HYDROCHLORIDE functional bowel disorders/irritable (cyanosis, apnea, respiratory arrest);
BRAND: Dicyclomine | C19H35NO2 – bowel syndrome decreased sweating; suppression of DURING:
Antispas PubChem CONTRAINDICATION: Dx.
lactation; urticaria.
CLASS: Hypersensitivity to anticholinergic  Observe patient carefully if
CNS:
 ANTISPASMODIC drugs; obstructive diseases of GU Lightheadedness, drowsiness, he can take the drug
THERAPEUTIC: and GI tracts, paralytic ileus, headache, insomnia, brief euphoria, properly.
Relieves smooth muscle intestinal atony, biliary tract fever, restlessness, irritability, coma,  Provide comfort to the
spasm in GI disease; unstable cardiovascular seizures. patient.
PHARMACOLOGIC: status; severe ulcerative colitis, Tx.
CV:
carboxylic acid toxic megacolon; myasthenia  Drug can be administer
derivative and a selective gravis; infants <6 mo. Safe use Fluctuations in heart rate, palpitation,
with or with out food
anticholinergic with during pregnancy (category B), tachycardia. intake
antispasmodic activity. lactation, or in children is not GI:  Mix the dose of liquid with
DOSE: established. Dry an equal amount of water
10 mg t.i.d. or q.i.d. mouth, nausea, constipation, paralytic before administering it.
(max: 40 mg/d) ileus, vomiting, diminished sense of Edx.
taste, bloated feeling.  Instruct significant others
ROUTE: PO Urogenital: to report diarrhea, nausea,
Urinary hesitancy, urinary dyspepsia, insomnia,
retention, impotence. drowsiness, dizziness, or
Special Senses: persistent headache to
Blurred vision. physician.

AFTER:
Dx.
 Assess patient SO
knowledge about
prevention and proper I and
O.
 Monitor for side effects of
drug.
Tx.
 Monitor patient compliance
to drug therapy
Edx.
 encourage patient to
verbalized his feeling or
concerns.
 Instruct significant others
 to report changes in urine
volume, voiding pattern.
 Continue supervise to
monitor if there is any
effect of the drug.
Before

Dx.

• Lab tests: frequent PT and

INR with concurrent
anticoagulant therapy;
more frequent fasting blood
glucose levels with
diabetes.

Indication: • Assessed for the allergy

history of the patient.
Aspirin in CKD patients to
Generic name: decrease cardiovascular risk and to
slow renal disease progression.
Aspirin
Aspirin is known as a Contraindication:
Brand name: salicylate and a nonsteroidal anti- Body as a Whole: Hypersensitivity • Obtained vital sign
inflammatory drug (NSAID). It History of hypersensitivity to (urticaria, bronchospasm CNS:
ZORprin works by blocking a certain natural salicylates including methyl Dizziness, confusion, drowsiness.
substance in your body to reduce salicylate (oil of wintergreen); Special Senses: Tinnitus, hearing loss.
Classification: pain and swelling. sensitivity to other NSAIDs; GI: Nausea, Tx.
patients with “aspirin triad”
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM http://www.robholland.com (aspirin sensitivity, nasal polyps,
AGENT; ANALGESIC, asthma);
SALICYLATE; ANTIPYRETIC;
ANTIPLATELET Drug to drug interactions :
Route: Aminosalicylic acid increases risk
of SALICYLATE toxicity.
P.O Ammonium chloride and other
ACIDIFYING AGENTS decrease
Dosage: renal elimination and increase risk
of SALICYLATE toxicity.
350–650 mg
• Performed a thorough
physical assessment as a
baseline data before
administering drug.
• • Assisted patient in
taking medication
Prepared the right
medication and the dosage
Edx.

• Instructed patient
to avoid alcohol when
taking large doses of
aspirin.

• Encouraged
patient to consult physician
before using aspirin for any
fever accompanied by rash,
severe headache, stiff neck,
marked irritability, or
confusion (all possible
symptoms of meningitis).
.

• • Instructed patient
to observe and report signs
of bleeding (e.g., petechiae,
ecchymoses, bleeding
gums, bloody or black
 stools, cloudy or bloody
urine).

• During

• Dx.

• Assessed pain
and/or pyrexia one hour
before or after medication.

• • Assessed other
medication for possible
interactions – especially
warfarin which is a special
hazard

• • Assessed patient
for signs of bleeding
(petechiae, ecchymosis,
bloody or black stools,
bleeding gums).
•
•
•
• Tx.
•
•
•
• • Discontinued drug
if there is a rebound effect.
•
•
•
• • Provided a glass of
water.
•
•
•
•
•
• • Provided safety
measures. (proper
positioning, breathing
pattern, and identifying
hazardous area).
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Edx.
•
•
•
• • Instructed patient
to drink adequate fluids
while taking aspirin
•
•
•
• • Informed the client
that it may experience these
side effects: Nausea, GI
upset, heartburn (take drug
with food); easy bruising,
gum bleeding (related to
 aspirin’s effects on blood
clotting).
•
•
•
• • Advised patient
not cut, crush, or chew
sustained-release products.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• After:
•
•
•
• Dx.
•
•
•
• • Implemented
•
•
•
• Appropriate manual
therapy techniques,
physical agents, and
therapeutic exercises to
reduce pain and decrease
the need for aspirin and
other NSAIDs.
•
•
•
• • Assessed pain and
other variables (range of
motion, muscle strength) to
document whether this
drug is successful in
helping manage the
patient’s pain and
decreasing impairments.
•
•
•
• • Assessed blood
pressure periodically and
compare to normal values
(See Appendix F). Aspirin
and other NSAIDs can
increase blood pressure
(BP) in certain patients.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Tx.
•
•
•
• • Be alert for signs
of GI bleeding, including
abdominal pain, vomiting
blood, blood in stools, or
black, tarry stools. Report
these signs to the physician
immediately.
•
•
•
• • Provided safety
measures.(established
rapport, voiding patient
before medication,
supporting psychological
and physical health
•
•
•
• • Assisted patient to
explore other
nonpharmacologic methods
to reduce chronic pain,
such as relaxation
techniques, exercise,
counseling, and so forth.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Edx.
•
•
•
• • Instructed patient
to report ringing in the
ears; dizziness, confusion;
abdominal pain; rapid or
difficult breathing; nausea,
vomiting, bloody stools.
•
•
•
• • Advised patient to
take extra precautions to
keep this drug out of the
reach of children; this drug
can be very dangerous for
children.
•
•
•
• • Instructed patient
to use the drug only as
suggested; avoid overdose.
Avoid the use of other
over-the-counter drugs
while taking this drug.
Many of these drugs
contain aspirin, and serious
overdose can occur
•
•