MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Medications prescribed by the Physician;

 Omeprazole
 Actrapid
 Metoclopramide
 Ceftriaxone
Drug name Mechanism of Action Indications Nursing Considerations

Generic name:
Omeprazole
Brand name: Prilosec
Pharmacological class:
Proton-pump inhibitors
(PPIs)
Dosage, route, and
frequency: 40 mg IV OD
Drug name Mechanism of Action
It inhibits secretion of gastric
acid by irreversibly blocking
the enzyme system of
hydrogen/potassium
adenosine triphosphatase,
the “proton pump” of the
gastric parietal cell.
Treat certain ● Assess the patient's overall status
conditions where and condition before administering the
there is too much medication.
acid in the ● Assess dizziness that might affect
stomach. gait, balance, and other functional
activities.
● Report balance problems and
functional limitations to the physician,
and caution the patient and
family/caregivers to guard against falls
and trauma.
Indications Nursing Considerations

Generic name: Ceftriaxone works by Susceptible  Monitor for rash, C-diff, and
Ceftriaxone inhibiting the mucopeptide bacterial infections nephrotoxicity
Pharmacological class: synthesis in the bacterial cell of the lower  Monitor for low blood cell counts
Cephalosporin wall. The beta-lactam moiety respiratory tract, and hemolytic anemia
Dosage, route, and of ceftriaxone binds to skin and skin
frequency: 2g. IV O. D carboxypeptidases, structure, bone
endopeptidases, and and joint, acute
transpeptidases in the otitis media, UTIs,
bacterial cytoplasmic septicemia, pelvic
membrane. These enzymes inflammatory
are involved in cell-wall disease (PID),
synthesis and cell division. intraabdominal
Binding of ceftriaxone to infections,
these enzymes causes the meningitis,
enzyme to lose activity; uncomplicated
therefore, the bacteria gonorrhea.
produce defective cell walls, Surgical
causing cell death. prophylaxis.
NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Mechanism of Action Indications Nursing Considerations
Drug name

Generic name: Metoclopramide works by
Metoclopramide antagonizing central and
Pharmacological peripheral dopamine-two
class: Prokinetic receptors (D2) in the
agents medullary chemoreceptor
Dosage, route, and trigger zone in the area
frequency: 1 ampule, postrema, usually stimulated
IV, q8H by levodopa or
apomorphine. It achieves
this by decreasing the
sensitivity of visceral afferent
nerves that transmit from the
gastrointestinal system to
the vomiting center in the
area postrema in the
chemoreceptor trigger zone.
Treat nausea and
vomiting in patients with
gastroesophageal
reflux disease or
diabetic gastroparesis
by increasing gastric
motility. It is also used
to control nausea and
vomiting in
chemotherapy patients.
 Assess for extrapyramidal
symptoms and tardive
dyskinesia (more likely in
older patients).
 Assess for gastrointestinal
complaints, such as nausea,
vomiting and constipation.
 In oral administration, for
better absorption allow 30
minutes to one hour before
eating.
 Rinse mouth frequently to
combat dryness.

Drug name Mechanism of Action Indications Nursing Considerations

Generic name: Insulin inhibits
Insulin human gluconeogenesis in the liver.
Brand Name: Actrapid Insulin binds to the insulin
Pharmacological receptor (IR), a
class: fast-acting heterotetrameric protein
insulins and analogues consisting of two
Dosage, route, and extracellular alpha units and
frequency: two transmembrane beta
units. The binding of insulin
to the alpha subunit of IR
stimulates the tyrosine
kinase activity intrinsic to the
beta subunit of the receptor,
used to reduce the  Assess for contraindications or
high blood sugar level cautions so that appropriate
in patients with monitoring and dose adjustments
can be completed.
diabetes mellitus
 Monitor urine or serum glucose
(diabetes). Diabetes is levels frequently to determine
a disease where your effectiveness of drug and dosage.
body does not Patients can learn to adjust insulin
produce enough dosage on a sliding scale based
insulin to control the on test results.
level of your blood  Monitor insulin needs during times
of trauma or severe stress; dosage
sugar. Treatment with
adjustments may be needed.
Actrapid® helps to  Inspect skin areas that will be used
prevent complications for injection; note any areas that
from your diabetes. are bruised, thickened, or scarred,
which could interfere with insulin
absorption and alter anticipated
response to insulin therapy.