Generic name: Description: If patient is allergic to The following side effects ● Explain the

Butamirate citrate Butamirate is a non- butamirate citrate or any may occur in rare cases: purpose of
narcotic antitussive of the other ingredients. Somnolence, itchy skin medication
Brand name: which presents rashes, nausea, and ● Administer the
Sinecod nonspecific diarrhea. medication by
anticholinergic and For the first sign of following the
Classification: antispasmodic effect, adverse drug reaction, 10 rights of
Cough & Cold facilitating respiration. It seek medical attention drug
Preparation acts centrally by immediately. administration
diminishing the ● Inform patient
Route: tussigenic reflex, and and significant
PO peripherally via a others about
bronchospasmolytic the side-effects
Dosage: activity enhanced by an of the
7 mL TID anti-inflammatory medication
action.

Pharmacodynamics

Absorption:
Rapidly and completely
absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract.
Time to peak plasma
concentration: Approx
1.5 hours.

Distribution:
Plasma protein binding:
Approx 95%

Excretion:
Primarily via kidneys as
metabolites. Plasma
elimination half-life:
 Approx 13 hours.

Generic name: Description: Hypersensitivity to Rash, fever, pruritus, ● Explain the

Cefuroxime Cefuroxime inhibits cefuroxime or to other erythema, urticaria, purpose of
bacterial cell wall cephalosporins. Stevens-Johnson medication
Brand name: synthesis by binding to syndrome, erythema ● Administer the
Efrox, Altacef, Fetnal, one 1 or more of the multiforme, toxic medication by
Axet penicillin-binding epidermal necrolysis, following the
proteins (PBPs) which serum sickness-like 10 rights of
Classification: in turn inhibit the final reactions, angioedema; drug
Cephalosporin transpeptidation step of mild to moderate hearing administration
peptidoglycan synthesis loss (childn); nausea, ● Inform patient
Route: in bacterial cell walls, vomiting, gagging, and significant
PO thus inhibiting cell wall epigastric burning, GI others about
biosynthesis and bleeding and infection, the side-effects
Dosage: arresting cell wall abdominal pain, of the
500mg/cap assembly resulting in flatulence, ptyalism, medication
bacterial cell death. indigestion, mouth ulcers,
swollen tongue, anorexia,
thirst, dyspepsia, stomach
Pharmacodynamics cramps, diarrhoea;
decreased Hb and
Absorption: haematocrit,
Absorbed from the GI thrombocytosis,
tract. Enhanced by the lymphocytosis, haemolytic
presence of food. Time anaemia, increased
to peak plasma prothrombin time;
concentration: Approx transient increase in
2-3 hr (oral); 45 min serum AST (SGOT), ALT
(IM). (SGPT), alkaline
phosphatase, LDH and
Distribution: bilirubin levels; transient
Widely distributed into increase in BUN and/or
the body (including serum creatinine
pleural fluid, synovial concentration, decreased
fluid, aqueous humour, CrCl, bilateral renal
sputum, bone), CSF cortical necrosis; UTI,
even on inflamed kidney pain, urethral pain
meninges. Crosses the or bleeding, dysuria,
placenta and enters vaginitis, vag candidiasis,
breast milk. Plasma vulvovaginal pruritus, vag
protein binding: Up to discharge or irritation;
50%. Jarisch-Herxheimer
reaction; neck muscle
Excretion: spasm, muscle cramps or
Via urine (66-100% as stiffness, chest pain or
unchanged drug); bile tightness, shortness of
(small amounts). breath, tachycardia, chills,
Plasma half-life: Approx lockjaw-type reaction,
70 min. viral illness, upper resp
infection, sinusitis, cough,
joint swelling, arthralgia;
pain at inj site,
thrombophlebitis (IV).
Rarely, transient
eosinophilia and
neutropenia,
pancytopenia, leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia;
headache, somnolence or
sleepiness, dizziness,
hyperactivity, irritable
behaviour, myoclonic
jerks, seizures,
generalised
hyperexcitability; jaundice;
acute renal failure,
interstitial nephritis.
Potentially Fatal:
Anaphylaxis,
pseudomembranous
colitis.
Generic name: Description: Patient with drowsiness ● Explain the
Metoclopramide Metoclopramide is a gastrointestinal excessive tiredness purpose of
substituted benzamide perforation, weakness medication
Brand name: with prokinetic and haemorrhage or headache ● Administer the
Clomitene, Clozil antiemetic properties. It mechanical obstruction, dizziness medication by
stimulates the motility of suspected or known diarrhea following the
Classification: the upper pheochromocytoma or nausea 10 rights of
Antiemetics / GIT gastrointestinal tract other catecholamine- vomiting drug
Regulators, and accelerates gastric releasing breast enlargement or administration
Antiflatulents & Anti- peristalsis without paragangliomas, history discharge ● Inform patient
Inflammatories stimulating gastric, of neuroleptic or drug- missed menstrual period and significant
biliary or pancreatic induced tardive decreased sexual ability others about
Route: secretions, leading to dyskinesia, seizure frequent urination the side-effects
IV increased gastric disorder (e.g. epilepsy), inability to control of the
emptying and intestinal Parkinson’s disease, urination medication
Dosage: transit time. It blocks known history of
5mg q8° PRN dopamine receptors and methaemoglobinaemia
serotonin receptors (at with metoclopramide or
higher doses) in nicotinamide adenine
chemoreceptor trigger dinucleotide-cytochrome
zone of the CNS. b5 reductase (NADH-
Cyb5R) deficiency.
Concomitant use with
Pharmacodynamics drugs which may cause
extrapyramidal
Absorption: reactions (e.g.
Rapidly and almost antipsychotics,
completely from the levodopa). Children <1
gastrointestinal tract year.
after oral administration.
Absolute bioavailability:
80±15.5%. Time to peak
plasma concentration:
Approx 1-2 hours (oral).

Distribution:
 Extensively distributed
to body tissues.
Crosses the blood-brain
barrier and placenta and
enters breast milk at low
level. Volume of
distribution: Approx 3.5
L/kg. Plasma protein
binding: Approx 30%.

Excretion:
Via urine (approx 85%,
with approx 50% as free
or conjugated
metoclopramide);
faeces (approx 5%).
Elimination half-life: 2.5-
6 hours.

Generic name: Description:
Paracetamol Paracetamol is a para-
aminophenol derivative
Brand name: that exhibits analgesic
Ifimol IV and antipyretic actions
and weak anti-
Classification: inflammatory activity.
Analgesics (Non-Opioid) The mechanism of its
& Antipyretics analgesic effect has not
been fully determined
Route: but may be associated
IV with the inhibition of
prostaglandin synthesis
Dosage: in the CNS and to a
300mg q4° lesser extent, through
peripheral blockage of
pain-impulse
Severe hepatic Blood and lymphatic ● Explain the
impairment or active system disorders: Rarely, purpose of
liver disease (IV). anaemia, medication
thrombocytopenia, ● Administer the
agranulocytosis. medication by
Cardiac disorders: following the
Tachycardia. 10 rights of
Gastrointestinal disorders: drug
Nausea, vomiting; administration
redness of rectal mucus ● Inform patient
membranes (rectal supp). and significant
General disorders and others about
administration site the side-effects
conditions: Inj site of the
reactions (e.g. pain, medication
burning sensation),
fatigue, peripheral
generation. It produces oedema.
antipyresis by inhibiting Investigations: Increased
the hypothalamic heat- transaminase levels,
regulating centre. abnormal breath sounds.
Synonym: Metabolism and nutrition
acetaminophen. disorders: Hypokalaemia.
Musculoskeletal and
connective tissue
Pharmacodynamics disorders: Muscle spasm,
trismus.
Absorption: Psychiatric disorders:
Well absorbed following Insomnia, anxiety.
oral and rectal Respiratory, thoracic and
administration. Mainly mediastinal disorders:
absorbed in the small Dyspnoea; bronchospasm
intestine with minimal (in asthmatic patients
absorption from the sensitive to aspirin or
stomach. Decreased other NSAIDs).
rate of absorption with Skin and subcutaneous
food. Time to peak tissue disorders: Rash,
plasma concentration: pruritus, erythema,
Approx 30 minutes to 2 urticaria.
hours (oral); approx 2-3 Vascular disorders:
hours (rectal); approx Hypotension,
15 minutes (IV). hypertension, flushing.
Potentially Fatal: Hepatic
Distribution: injury (in doses higher
Widely distributed into then recommended),
most body tissues anaphylaxis. Rarely,
except fat. Crosses the serious skin reactions
placenta; enters breast such as acute generalised
milk (small amounts). exanthematous pustulosis
Volume of distribution: (AGEP), Stevens-
Approx 1 L/kg. Plasma Johnson syndrome (SJS),
protein binding: 10-25%. toxic epidermal necrolysis
(TEN).
Excretion:
Mainly via urine (60-
80% as glucuronide
metabolites; 20-30% as
sulfate metabolites;
approx 8% as cysteine
and mercapturic acid
metabolites; <5% as
unchanged drug).
Elimination half-life:
Approx 1-4 hours.