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  • Valve Disorder

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    ezinne obinna-uma
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    Valve disorders occur when the heart valves do not open or close properly, allowing blood to flow backwards. The main types are aortic and mitral stenosis and regurgitation. Causes include congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathy, heart attack, infections like rheumatic fever and endocarditis. Signs and symptoms depend on the valve affected and whether it is stenotic or regurgitant but may include chest pain, murmurs, edema, and fatigue. Treatment involves medications like anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and nitroglycerin as well as surgeries like valve replacement or balloon valvuloplasty. Patients require lifelong anticoagulation therapy and education on bleeding precautions.

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    10. Valve Disorder

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    Valve disorders occur when the heart valves do not open or close properly, allowing blood to flow backwards. The main types are aortic and mitral stenosis and regurgitation. Causes include congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathy, heart attack, infections like rheumatic fever and endocarditis. Signs and symptoms depend on the valve affected and whether it is stenotic or regurgitant but may include chest pain, murmurs, edema, and fatigue. Treatment involves medications like anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and nitroglycerin as well as surgeries like valve replacement or balloon valvuloplasty. Patients require lifelong anticoagulation therapy and education on bleeding precautions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views1 page

    Valve Disorder

    Uploaded by

    ezinne obinna-uma
    Valve disorders occur when the heart valves do not open or close properly, allowing blood to flow backwards. The main types are aortic and mitral stenosis and regurgitation. Causes include congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathy, heart attack, infections like rheumatic fever and endocarditis. Signs and symptoms depend on the valve affected and whether it is stenotic or regurgitant but may include chest pain, murmurs, edema, and fatigue. Treatment involves medications like anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and nitroglycerin as well as surgeries like valve replacement or balloon valvuloplasty. Patients require lifelong anticoagulation therapy and education on bleeding precautions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 1

    Valve disorder

    Med Surg: Cardiac

    Pathophysiology
    Mitral valve The heart is like a 4 bedroom suite.
    The valves are like doors & the
    chambers are like rooms. If valves
    have trouble closing it can result in
    black flow of blood & insufficient
    blood flow to the body.
    Aortic valve Stenosis: stiff, narrowed, hard valves
    Regurgitation: Return of blood or
    backflow of blood as the valve does
    not completely close.

    Main Types
    Mechanical
    valves • Aortic Stenosis
    • Aortic Regurgitation
    • Mitral Stenosis
    • Mitral Regurgitation

    Causes Pharmacology

    Anything that can damage the heart! • Anticoagulants: Heparin & Warfarin
    • Congenital heart disease (pre-term babies) • Antiplatelet: Aspirin & Clopidogrel
    • Cardiomyopathy - a disease of the heart • Nitroglycerin for chest pain
    muscle
    • Heart Attack - damaged heart muscles
    • Infection: Surgeries
    • Rheumatic fever - ruins the heart
    • Valve replacement - Warfarin therapy life long
    • Endocarditis - infection in the heart
    • Balloon valvuloplasty - Stenosis
    Signs & Symptoms
    Patient Education
    Think LOW oxygen from LOW heart pumps.
    • AVOID dental procedures for 6 months after
    Regurgitation
    • Aortic
    surgery & take antibiotics before dental exams.
    Tachycardia, dyspnea, fatigue • Warfarin (anticoagulant)
    • Mitral • Life long drug with “routine blood tests”
    Edema, pleural effusion, enlarged organs
    & ascites
    • 2.5 - 3.5 INR (for valve replacements)
    • Even intake of Green leafy veggies (vitamin K)
    Stenosis
    • Aortic
    NOT increased & NOT decreased intake
    Angina, sys. murmur, syncope, fatigue, - nice & even
    orthopnea • Bleeding precautions
    • Mitral
    Cyanosis, activity intolerance, diastolic
    • NO brushing teeth too hard
    murmur, s/s of right ventricular failure, • NO shaving - only electric shaver
    clear lung sounds • NO throw rugs & always well lit halls

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