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CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Solution Manual for Intermediate Financial Management 12th


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1. Ratio analysis involves analyzing financial statements in order to appraise a firm's financial position and strength.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.45 - LO: 7-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Ratio analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

2. The current ratio and inventory turnover ratios both help us measure the firm's liquidity. The current ratio measures the
relationship of a firm's current assets to its current liabilities, while the inventory turnover ratio gives us an indication of
how long it takes the firm to convert its inventory into cash.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.46 - LO: 7-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Liquidity ratios
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

3. Although a full liquidity analysis requires the use of a cash budget, the current and quick ratios provide fast and easy-
to-use measures of a firm's liquidity position.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
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CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.46 - LO: 7-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Liquidity ratios
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

4. High current and quick ratios always indicate that a firm is managing its liquidity position well.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.46 - LO: 7-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Current ratio
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

5. The inventory turnover ratio and days sales outstanding (DSO) are two ratios that are used to assess how effectively a
firm is managing its assets.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.47 - LO: 7-3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Asset management ratios
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

6. A decline in a firm's inventory turnover ratio suggests that it is managing its inventory more efficiently and also that its
liquidity position is improving, i.e., it is becoming more liquid.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.47 - LO: 7-3
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CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Inventory turnover ratio
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

7. Debt management ratios show the extent to which a firm's managers are attempting to magnify returns on owners'
capital through the use of financial leverage.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.48 - LO: 7-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Debt management ratios
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

8. The times-interest-earned ratio is one, but not the only, indication of a firm's ability to meet its long-term and short-term
debt obligations.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.48 - LO: 7-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: TIE ratio
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

9. Profitability ratios show the combined effects of liquidity, asset management, and debt management on operating
results.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.49 - LO: 7-5
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CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Profitability ratios
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

10. Market value ratios provide management with an indication of how investors view the firm's past performance and
especially its future prospects.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.50 - LO: 7-6
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Market value ratios
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

11. Determining whether a firm's financial position is improving or deteriorating requires analyzing more than the ratios
for a given year. Trend analysis is one method of measuring changes in a firm's performance over time.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.51 - LO: 7-7
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Trend analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

12. The "apparent," but not the "true," financial position of a company whose sales are seasonal can differ dramatically,
depending on the time of year when the financial statements are constructed.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Many of the ratios show sales over some past period such as the last 12 months divided by
an asset such as inventories as of a specific date. Assets like inventories vary at different
times of the year for a seasonal business, thus leading to big changes in the ratio.
POINTS: 1
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CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.45 - LO: 7-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Balance sheet changes
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

13. Significant variations in accounting methods among firms make meaningful ratio comparisons between firms more
difficult than if all firms used similar accounting methods.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.45 - LO: 7-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Limitations of ratio analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

14. The basic earning power ratio (BEP) reflects the earning power of a firm's assets after giving consideration to financial
leverage and tax effects.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: BEP = EBIT/Assets. This is before the effects of leverage (interest) and taxes, so the
statement is false.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.49 - LO: 7-5
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Basic earning power ratio
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge

15. The inventory turnover and current ratio are related. The combination of a high current ratio and a low inventory
turnover ratio, relative to industry norms, suggests that the firm has an above-average inventory level and/or that part of
the inventory is obsolete or damaged.
a. True
b. False
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CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: A high current ratio is consistent with a lot of inventory. A low inventory turnover is also
consistent with a lot of inventory. If the CR exceeds industry norms and the turnover is below
the norms, then the firm has more inventory than most other firms, given its sales. It could
just be carrying a lot of good inventory, but it might also have a normal amount of "good"
inventory plus some "bad" inventory that has not been written off. So the statement is true.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.47 - LO: 7-3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Inventory turnover ratio
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

16. It is appropriate to use the fixed assets turnover ratio to appraise firms' effectiveness in managing their fixed assets if
and only if all the firms being compared have the same proportion of fixed assets to total assets.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: The FA turnover is Sales/FA, and it gives an indication of how effectively the firm utilizes its
FA. The proportion of FA to TA is not relevant to this usage.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.47 - LO: 7-3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Fixed assets turnover
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

17. Since the ROA measures the firm's effective utilization of assets (without considering how these assets are financed),
two firms with the same EBIT must have the same ROA.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: EBIT = Sales revenues − Operating costs Net income = EBIT − Interest − Taxes = (EBIT −
Interest) × (1 − T) ROA = Net income after taxes/Assets Two firms could have identical EBITs
but very different amounts of interest, different tax rates, and different assets, and thus very
different ROAs.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.49 - LO: 7-5
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking

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CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: ROA
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

18. Suppose firms follow similar financing policies, face similar risks, have equal access to capital, and operate in
competitive product and capital markets. Under these conditions, then firms that have high profit margins will tend to
have high asset turnover ratios, and firms with low profit margins will tend to have low turnover ratios.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Think about the DuPont equation: ROE = PM × TATO × Equity multiplier. Similar financing
policies will lead to similar Equity multipliers. Moreover, competition in the capital markets will
cause ROEs to be similar, because otherwise capital would flow to industries with high ROEs
and drive returns down toward the average, given similar risks. To have similar ROEs, firms
with relatively high PMs must have relatively low TATOs, and vice versa. Therefore, the
statement is false.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.52 - LO: 7-8
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: DuPont equation
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

19. Even though Firm A's current ratio exceeds that of Firm B, Firm B's quick ratio might exceed that of A. However, if
A's quick ratio exceeds B's, then we can be certain that A's current ratio is also larger than that of B.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: This question can be answered by thinking carefully about the ratios: Demonstration that the
first sentence is true:
CR = A>B QR = B>A

A: 1.67 0.67
QR(B) >
QR(A)
B: 1.50 1.00
Demonstration that second sentence is false:

CR = A>B QR = B>A

A: 1.0 0.67

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CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
QR(B) < QR(A)
B: 1.5 0.50
The key is inventory, which is in the CR but not in the QR. The firm with more inventory can
have the higher CR but the lower QR.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.46 - LO: 7-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Liquidity ratios
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

20. Firms A and B have the same current ratio, 0.75, the same amount of sales and cost of goods sold, and the same
amount of current liabilities. However, Firm A has a higher inventory turnover ratio than B. Therefore, we can conclude
that A's quick ratio must be smaller than B's.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: Firm A has the higher inventory turnover, so given the same cost of goods, it must have less
inventory. Thus, since the two firms have the same CR, then A must have the higher QR, not
the lower one. Therefore, the statement is false.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.46 - LO: 7-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Liquidity ratios
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

21. Suppose a firm wants to maintain a specific TIE ratio. It knows the amount of its debt, the interest rate on that debt,
the applicable tax rate, and its operating costs. With this information, the firm can calculate the amount of sales required
to achieve its target TIE ratio.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: TIE = EBIT/Interest = (Sales − Op cost)/(Debt × Interest rate). If we know the op. costs, the
amount of debt, and the interest rate, then we can solve for the sales level required to
achieve the target TIE.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.48 - LO: 7-4
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 8
CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: TIE ratio
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

22. Suppose Firms A and B have the same amount of assets, pay the same interest rate on their debt, have the same basic
earning power (BEP), and have the same tax rate. However, Firm A has a higher debt ratio. If BEP is greater than the
interest rate on debt, Firm A will have a higher ROE as a result of its higher debt ratio.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: The easiest way to think about this is to realize that you can borrow at a cost of 10% and
invest the proceeds to earn 11%, you'll earn a surplus. If you were previously earning an
ROE of 10%, then after raising and investing additional funds, your income will be higher,
your equity will be the same, and thus your ROE will increase. Similarly, if a firm earns more
on assets than the interest rate, there will be a surplus after paying interest on the debt that
will go to the equity, thus increasing the ROE. So, if BEP > rd, then the firm can increase its
expected ROE by using more debt leverage. The answer can also be seen by working out an
example. The one below shows that leverage increases ROE if BEP > rd, but it could be
varied to show no difference in ROE if interest rates and BEP are the same, and a reduction
in ROE if the interest rate exceeds the BEP.
Firm A Firm B
Assets 100%Assets 100%
Debt 60%Debt 0%
Equity 40%Equity 100%
BEP 15%BEP 15%
Interest rate, rd 10%Interest rate, rd 10%
Tax rate 40%Tax rate 40%
EBIT = BEP × Assets 15.0EBIT = BEP × Assets 15.0
Interest 6.0Interest 0
Taxable income 9.0Taxable income 15.0
Taxes 3.6Taxes 6.0
NI 5.4NI 9.0
ROE 13.50%ROE 9.00%
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.49 - LO: 7-5
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: BEP and ROE
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

23. If a firm finances with only debt and common equity, and if its equity multiplier is 3.0, then its debt ratio must be
0.667.
a. True
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CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
b. False
ANSWER: True
RATIONALE: Equity multiplier = Assets/Equity = 3.0, so Assets/Equity = 1/3.0 = 0.333. By definition,
Equity/Assets + Debt/Assets = 1.00, so 0.333 + Debt/Assets = 1.0. Therefore, Debt/Assets =
1.0 − 0.333 = 0.667. Thus, the statement is true.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.52 - LO: 7-8
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Equity multiplier
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

24. One problem with ratio analysis is that relationships can be manipulated. For example, if our current ratio is greater
than 1.5, then borrowing on a short-term basis and using the funds to build up our cash account would cause the current
ratio to increase.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
RATIONALE: The key here is to recognize that if the CR is greater than 1.0, then a given increase in both
current assets and current liabilities would lead to a decrease in the CR. The reverse would
hold if the initial CR were less than 1.0. Here the initial CR is greater than 1.0, so borrowing
on a short-term basis to build the cash account would lower the CR. For example:
Original New Old New
CA/CL Plus $1 CA/CL CR CR
CR falls if initial CR is greater
3/2 1/1 4/3 1.50 1.33
than 1.0
CR rises if initial CR is less than
2/3 1/1 3/4 0.67 0.75
1.0
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.45 - LO: 7-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Limitations of ratio analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

25. One problem with ratio analysis is that relationships can be manipulated. For example, we know that if our current
ratio is less than 1.0, then using some of our cash to pay off some of our current liabilities would cause the current ratio to
increase and thus make the firm look stronger.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
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CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
RATIONALE: The key here is to recognize that if the CR is less than 1.0, then a given reduction in both
current assets and current liabilities would lead to a decrease in the CR. The reverse would
hold if the initial CR were greater than 1.0. In the question, the initial CR is less than 1.0, so
using cash to reduce current liabilities would lower the CR. If the CR were greater than 1.0,
the statement would have been true. Here's an illustration:
Original New Old New
CA/CL Less $1 CA/CL CR CR
CR falls if initial CR is less than
2/3 −1/−1 1/2 0.67 0.50
1.0
CR rises if initial CR is greater
3/2 −1/−1 2/1 1.5 2.0
than 1.0
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Challenging
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.45 - LO: 7-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Reflective Thinking
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Limitations of ratio analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension

26. Considered alone, which of the following would increase a company's current ratio?
a. An increase in accounts payable.
b. An increase in net fixed assets.
c. An increase in accrued liabilities.
d. An increase in notes payable.
e. An increase in accounts receivable.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.46 - LO: 7-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Current ratio
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension
OTHER: TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

27. Which of the following would, generally, indicate an improvement in a company's financial position, holding other
things constant?
a. The total assets turnover decreases.
b. The TIE declines.
c. The DSO increases.
d. The EBITDA coverage ratio increases.
e. The current and quick ratios both decline.
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CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.46 - LO: 7-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Current ratio
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension
OTHER: TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

28. A firm wants to strengthen its financial position. Which of the following actions would increase its current ratio?
a. Use cash to increase inventory holdings.
b. Reduce the company's days' sales outstanding to the industry average and use the resulting cash savings to
purchase plant and equipment.
c. Use cash to repurchase some of the company's own stock.
d. Borrow using short-term debt and use the proceeds to repay debt that has a maturity of more than one year.
e. Issue new stock and then use some of the proceeds to purchase additional inventory and hold the remainder as
cash.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.46 - LO: 7-2
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Current ratio
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension
OTHER: TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

29. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?


a. If a firm increases its sales and cost of goods sold while holding its inventories constant, then, other things
held constant, its inventory turnover ratio will decrease.
b. A reduction in inventories held would have no effect on the current ratio.
c. An increase in inventories would have no effect on the current ratio.
d. If a firm increases its sales and cost of goods sold while holding its inventories constant, then, other things
held constant, its inventory turnover ratio will increase.
e. A reduction in the inventory turnover ratio will generally lead to an increase in the ROE.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.47 - LO: 7-3
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 12
CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Inventories
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension
OTHER: TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

30. Companies A and C each reported the same earnings per share (EPS), but Company A's stock trades at a higher price.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Company A trades at a higher P/E ratio.
b. Company A probably has fewer growth opportunities.
c. Company A is probably judged by investors to be riskier.
d. Company A must have a higher market-to-book ratio.
e. Company A must pay a lower dividend.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.50 - LO: 7-6
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Financial statement analysis
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension
OTHER: TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

31. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?


a. If a firm has the highest price/earnings ratio of any firm in its industry, then, other things held constant, this
suggests that the board of directors should fire the president.
b. If a firm has the highest market/book ratio of any firm in its industry, then, other things held constant, this
suggests that the board of directors should fire the president.
c. Other things held constant, the higher a firm's expected future growth rate, the lower its P/E ratio is likely to
be.
d. The higher the market/book ratio, then, other things held constant, the higher one would expect to find the
Market Value Added (MVA).
e. If a firm has a history of high Economic Value Added (EVA) numbers each year, and if investors expect this
situation to continue, then its market/book ratio and MVA are both likely to be below average.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.50 - LO: 7-6
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 13


CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TOPICS: Market value ratios
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension
OTHER: TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

32. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?


a. "Window dressing" is any action that improves a firm's fundamental, long-run position and thus increases its
intrinsic value.
b. Borrowing by using short-term notes payable and then using the proceeds to retire long-term debt is an
example of "window dressing." Offering discounts to customers who pay with cash rather than buy on credit
and then using the funds that come in quicker to purchase additional inventories is another example of
"window dressing."
c. Borrowing on a long-term basis and using the proceeds to retire short-term debt would improve the current
ratio and thus could be considered to be an example of "window dressing."
d. Offering discounts to customers who pay with cash rather than buy on credit and then using the funds that
come in quicker to purchase additional inventories is an example of "window dressing."
e. Using some of the firm's cash to reduce long-term debt is an example of "window dressing."
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.45 - LO: 7-1
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Window dressing
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension
OTHER: TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

33. The Cavendish Company recently issued new common stock and used the proceeds to pay off some of its short-term
notes payable. This action had no effect on the company's total assets or operating income. Which of the following effects
would occur as a result of this action?
a. The company's debt ratio increased.
b. The company's current ratio increased.
c. The company's times interest earned ratio decreased.
d. The company's basic earning power ratio increased.
e. The company's equity multiplier increased.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.50 - LO: 7-6
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Miscellaneous ratios

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 14


CHAPTER 7—ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension
OTHER: TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

34. A firm's new president wants to strengthen the company's financial position. Which of the following actions would
make it financially stronger?
a. Increase inventories while holding sales and cost of goods sold constant.
b. Increase accounts receivable while holding sales constant.
c. Increase EBIT while holding sales constant.
d. Increase accounts payable while holding sales constant.
e. Increase notes payable while holding sales constant.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.49 - LO: 7-5
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Miscellaneous ratios
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension
OTHER: TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

35. If the CEO of a large, diversified, firm were filling out a fitness report on a division manager (i.e., "grading" the
manager), which of the following situations would be likely to cause the manager to receive a better grade? In all cases,
assume that other things are held constant.
a. The division's DSO (days' sales outstanding) is 40, whereas the average for its competitors is 30.
b. The division's basic earning power ratio is above the average of other firms in its industry.
c. The division's total assets turnover ratio is below the average for other firms in its industry.
d. The division's debt ratio is above the average for other firms in the industry.
e. The division's inventory turnover is 6, whereas the average for its competitors is 8.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Easy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: INTE.GENE.16.49 - LO: 7-5
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic
STATE STANDARDS: United States - AK - DISC: Financial statements, anal - DISC: Financial statements, analysis,
forecasting, and cash flows
LOCAL STANDARDS: United States - OH - Default City - TBA
TOPICS: Miscellaneous ratios
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Comprehension
OTHER: TYPE: Multiple Choice: Conceptual

36. Which of the following would indicate an improvement in a company's financial position, holding other things
constant?
a. The current and quick ratios both increase.
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 15
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
vez, primeira em volume. (Tipografia Castro & Irmão). A esta edição,
chamada DEFINITIVA, escreveu Eça um prólogo justificativo:
«O Crime do Padre Amaro foi escrito há quatro ou cinco anos, e
desde essa época esteve esquecido entre os meus papeis—como
um esboço informe e pouco aproveitável.
«Por circunstâncias que não são bastante interessantes para
serem impressas—êste esboço de romance, em que a acção, os
caracteres, e o estilo eram uma improvisação desleixada, foi
publicado em 1875, nos primeiros fascículos da Revista Ocidental,
sem alterações, sem correcções, conservando tôda a sua feição de
esboço, e dum improviso.

«Hoje O Crime do Padre Amaro aparece em volume,—refundido e


transformado. Deitou-se parte da vélha casa abaixo para erguer a
casa nova. Muitos capítulos foram reconstruidos linha por linha;
capítulos novos acrescentados; a acção modificada, e desenvolvida;
os caracteres mais estudados, e completados; tôda a obra, emfim,
mais trabalhada.
«Assim O Crime do Padre Amaro da Revista Ocidental era um
rascunho, a edição provisória: o que hoje se publica é a obra
acabada, a edição definitiva».
¿Calcularão, depois do que fica dito, que as correcções ficaram
por aqui e que esta é como se assevera a edição definitiva? Pois
não é. A edição de 1889, terceira, que tenho presente, avisa no
frontispício que é «inteiramente refundida, recomposta, e diferente
na forma e na acção da edição primitiva».[6] E ficou sendo esta a
definitiva, porque a outra não escapara à grande fúria de correcções
e ao crescente desejo de Perfeição, que foi a obcecação perpétua
da vida do escritor.
[6] Entre a edição de 1876 e a de 1889 a que me refiro, há
outra de 1880, já da Casa Chardron, que não pude ver. O
confronto entre as três edições que tenho presentes,—a da
Revista Ocidental, a de 1876 e a de 1889—basta porêm, para
demonstrar o que pretendo.
Ao anunciar a edição de 1880 a casa editora, (senão o próprio
Eça) dizia na Bibliografia Portuguesa e Estrangeira (Pôrto 1880-
2.º ano n.º 1, pag. 19), que o autor do Crime refundira
inteiramente o romance que era antigamente de 300 páginas e
lhe entresachára 400 páginas novas. E mais diz: «É curioso neste
trabalho seguir as influências que levaram o autor a refazer o seu
livro: nos dois ou três primeiros capítulos vê-se que a sua
intenção é simplesmente corrigir e aperfeiçoar o estilo e estudar
mais profundamente os caracteres: nos dois capítulos seguintes
começam a aparecer as scenas, os incidentes novos, mas o
fundo ainda permanece o mesmo; é no sexto capitulo que vemos
entrar o primeiro personagem novo; e daí por diante, então, o
autor pondo de parte inteiramente o romance antigo, arrastado
pela lógica do seu assunto, attraido pelos horizontes novos que
êle lhe oferece, decide-se a escrever tudo de novo, como se
tratasse dum livro novo... Êste novo livro parece todavia afastar-
se dos processos do realismo e o autor como que procura criar
unia escola nova individual, e sem ligações com as que existem.»

Vou pois cotejar três edições diferentes e assim se poderá fazer


uma ideia do trabalho insano que só êste volume custou a Eça de
Queiroz.
Na edição de 1875 o romance começa por uma descrição de
paisagem ao esmorecer da tarde, um colóquio entre uma rapariguita
vaqueira que leva o gado à bebida e um garotete, O Moriço; e pela
scena da morte do pároco José Miguéis. O Moriço atira uma pedra à
rapariga, acerta na vaca que foge fazendo espantar a égua que o
padre montava e que vinha pela alameda. Fala Eça:
«Mas então a égua branca que vinha, recuou, deu um salto de
repelão e o homem destribou-se, oscilou pesadamente e foi cair
com um som baço sôbre as mós de moinho, onde ficou espapado
de bruços, com os braços abertos, e um fio de sangue escuro,
delgado, que escorria pela pedra, e caía gota a gota no chão.»
O pequeno atirou-se à estrada, gritando. Dois trabalhadores que
passavam correram.
—Que é lá? que é lá? E um, forte e espadaúdo, ergueu o homem
por debaixo dos braços: o corpo ficou todo pendente, descaído, e os
fios de sangue escuro corriam-lhe pela cara.
—Queres tu ver!? Ai que é o sr. pároco!
E então tinham vindo os britadores da estrada, as mulheres que
levam o saibro. O apontador das obras, um louro de boné de oleado
e óculos azúis, amarrou-lhe um lenço em tôrno da testa. Um vélho
apareceu logo, em mangas de camisa, todo esbaforido, com uma
escada curta: estenderam-lhe em cima uma manta vélha e a tampa
duma canastra e estiraram o corpo do pároco, hirto, com o seu
ventre proeminente, a camisa ensangùentada, o rosto amarelo com
nódoas roxas, os lábios cheios duma espuma sangùínea; e
emquanto os dois homens o levavam como numa maca, quási
correndo, os seus dois braços pendiam, com as mãos lívidas,
felpudas e cheias de cabelos».
Levam o corpo «à botica ao pé da Sé» onde «o Carlos o
boticário» depois de lhe picar «a veia com a lanceta» diagnostica
uma apoplexia.
«Assim ficou vaga a paróquia da Sé», e assim termina o 1
capítulo que nas edições subseqùentes foi totalmente eliminado.
Nestas o padre morre duma apoplexia sim, mas de madrugada, em
seguida a «uma ceia enorme» que na edição de 1889 se diz ser de
«peixe».
Na edição de 1876 (a definitiva) o romance começa:
«Foi no domingo de Páscoa que se soube em Leiria, que o pároco
da Sé, José Miguéis, tinha morrido de madrugada com uma
apoplexia. O pároco era um homem sangùíneo e grosso, que
passava por um grande comilão. Contavam-se histórias singulares
da sua voracidade. O Carlos da Botica—que o detestava—
costumava dizer, sempre que o via passear na Praça depois da
sesta, com a cara afogueada de sangue, todo enfartado de
indigestão:
—Lá anda a gibóia a esmoer. Um dia estoira!
Tinha com efeito estoirado depois duma ceia enorme. Ninguêm o
lamentou—e foi pouca gente ao entêrro».
E na edição de 1889:
«Foi no domingo de Páscoa que se soube em Leiria que o pároco
da Sé, José Miguéis, tinha morrido de madrugada com uma
apoplexia. O pároco era um homem sangùíneo e nutrido, que
passava entre o clero diocesano pelo comilão dos comilões.
Contavam-se histórias singulares da sua voracidade. O Carlos da
botica—que o detestava—costumava dizer, sempre que o via saír
depois da sesta, com a face afogueada de sangue, muito enfartado:
—Lá vai a gibóia esmoer. Um dia estoira!
Com efeito estoirou, depois duma ceia de peixe—à hora em que,
defronte, na casa do dr. Godinho, que fazia anos, se polcava com
alarido. Ninguêm o lamentou, e foi pouca gente ao seu entêrro».

É nesta última edição que acontece, como reminiscência à morte


trágica do pároco, descrita na Revista Ocidental, o padre Natário
cair da égua e quebrar uma perna.
Outro exemplo curiosamente demonstrativo do processo de
trabalho do escritor e das torturas que êle passava antes de dar às
suas criações a beleza, a elegância e a sobriedade artística que êle
imaginava, é a figura do cónego Dias.

«O cónego Dias não era simpático aos liberais


de Leiria. Era um homem redondo e baixo, com um 1875
ventre saliente que lhe enchia a batina, as pernas
curtas e esguias, e fortemente pousado nuns pés chatos, onde
reluziam as fivelas: a cara era mole e cheia dum pálido baço, as
olheiras papudas, e o beiço descaído e espêsso—e todo o seu
aspecto, com um cabelinho curto grisalho, fazia pensar nas vélhas
anedotas de frades lascivos, enfartados de pecado.»

«O cónego Dias era muito conhecido em Leiria.


Era um homem redondo e baixo, com um ventre 1876
saliente que lhe enchia a batina, as pernas curtas
e esguias, uma cabecinha grisalha, as olheiras papudas, o beiço
descaído e espêsso; e todo o seu aspecto fazia lembrar as vélhas
anedotas de frades lascivos, enfartados de pecado.»

«O cónego Dias era muito conhecido em Leiria.


Ultimamente engordara, o ventre saliente enchia- 1889
lhe a batina, e a sua cabecinha grisalha, as
olheiras papudas, o beiço espêsso faziam lembrar vélhas anedotas
de frades lascivos e glotões.»

Todo o livro passou por estas sucessivas transformações. Êste


contínuo e trabalhoso labor de aperfeiçoar, de burilar a prosa,
sempre em ascendência e sempre insaciado deu como resultante
essa prosa fina que nós conhecemos pela prosa do Eça.
Na 1.ª edição João Eduardo não ataca os padres. Fala-se, é
certo, num comunicado acusando o cónego Campos, mas isso
muito vagamente. João Eduardo não conhece ainda Agostinho
Pinheiro, o redactor da Voz do Distrito, que só aparece em 1876, e
sucumbe a maquinações urdidas por Natário, que vê nas
insinuações dum jornal, que se refere a um padre e à flor de certo
canteiro, obra sua.
Não há mesmo no rompimento entre João Eduardo e Amélia
referência a artigos ou jornais. O dr. Godinho chama-se então dr.
Silves. O Dr. Gouveia só aparece na 2.ª edição. Não consultado por
João Eduardo sôbre moral, mas chamado à Cortegassa a ver D.
Josefa, dando por essa ocasião conselhos a Amélia. Já tem aquela
independência, e aquele modo de pensar, que depois lhe
conhecemos.
Na 1.ª e 2.ª edição o tipógrafo com quem João Eduardo
acamarada é um pulha. Homem que uma mulher sustenta, criatura
reles, souteneur e madraço, bêbado e estúpido. Na edição de 1889
não. O tipógrafo é honesto, sério, chama-se Gustavo, escreve nos
jornais uns artigos «de Política Estrangeira, onde introduzia frases
poéticas e retumbantes, amaldiçoando Napoleão III, o czar e os
opressores do povo, chorando a escravidão da Polónia e a miséria
do proletário.» Sustenta mãe vélha e doente e é económico. O
próprio tio Osório, taberneiro, o aprecia por êle ser «moço instruido
e de pouca troça».
Gustavo tem mesmo as ideias de que «o trabalho é dever, o
trabalho é virtude!» E despedindo-se vai para a tipografia. João
Eduardo não se embriaga e não desafia já tôda a gente.
É tambêm só na edição de 1889 que entra no romance a figura
decoral da Tótó. Vê-se que, se a acção do romance é na sua
tessitura a mesma, muito ganhou o detalhe. Foi mesmo essa
preocupação que tornou o volume encorpado, o estirou e lhe cerziu
melhor as junturas da acção às vezes sem a coordenação que a
técnica exige. O período ganhou em consistência. A frase é mais
polida, mais vigorosa, visto que é mais breve, mais elegantemente
concisa. E tambêm só aqui aparece a senhora Carlota, ama, e o
marido, visto que na 1.ª e 2.ª edições é Amaro quem se desfaz do
fardo, atirando-o ao rio. A figura episódica do abade Ferrão aparece
tambêm nesta edição, que é onde Amaro nos sai poeta.
Como se vê, o romance foi todo feito de novo. Há capítulos
alterados na ordem do seguimento antigo, outros cortados e outros
desfigurados. Tudo foi mexido.
Todos os livros de Eça passaram por êste monotizante trabalho
de correcção. Corrigir nestas condições é mais difícil do que criar,
porque na criação há variedade. Para exemplificar o processo do
escritor busquei O Crime do Padre Amaro, em que a sua maneira de
trabalho mais se evidencía. O Crime do Padre Amaro mostra-o
públicamente. Flaubert trabalhava os originais inúmeras vezes,
Daudet recompôs a Sapho uma porção delas. Mas êsse trabalho
ficava desconhecido do grande público e é hoje amorosamente
estudado sôbre os originais. O volume, quando saía para a
impressão, saía pronto. O Crime do Padre Amaro não. Saíu duas
vezes para o público, provisóriamente. Calcule-se em dois borrões
para cada uma das edições citadas e teremos que o livro foi escrito
seis vezes. Se existissem os originais e as provas, que são de tanto
ou mais interêsse que o manuscrito, seria isso um estudo curioso,
estudo que outrem fará se quiser e de que isto são simples
apontamentos. Todavia mostram bem o esfôrço que custou ao
escritor a sua obra e parecem justificar a frase habitual de
Chateaubriand «de que o talento não é senão uma grande
paciência». E, como se vê, a paciência contribuiu muito para o
talento de Eça.
É preciso trabalhar, trabalhar muito para deixar uma boa página.
Um dos que o conseguiu foi Flaubert. Mas não devemos esquecer
que Flaubert escreveu um dia a Maxime du Camp: «Morro de
cansaço. Escrevi êste mês vinte páginas, o que é enorme para
mim».

FIM
Índice
PÁG.
Dedicatória 5
Crónicas imorais 7
Juízo do ano 11
Artistas 17
O Jettatore 25
Os mineiros 33
Um sábio português 41
Emigrantes 49
Gabriéllo d’Annunzio 55
Um poema 63
Oriente 71
As flores 79
Quanto custa uma mulher? 87
Teatro nacional 95
D. João da Câmara 105
Arte de Reinar 113
Religiões 121
Gomes Leal 129
Naufrágios 137
Goron 145
Mercedes Blasco 153
A Deliciosa Mentira 161
Estátuas e comendas 169
A tristeza profissional 177
A morte 185
Poetas 193
O Tempo 201
A decadência do jornalismo em França 209
O Carnaval 217
Academias 225
O passado 233
O calor 241
Os bastidores do Génio—Zola—Wagner— 249
Gorki
A tortura do Estilo—Eça de Queiroz 259
ALBINO FORJAZ DE SAMPAYO

Gente da Rua
Preço, 400 réis

Editores: SANTOS & VIEIRA

«Só agora, na publicação do 2.º milhar, me foi dado ensejo de ler


a novela «Gente da rua», de Albino Forjaz de Sampayo. Sôbre três
fulcros assenta êste trabalho:—talento, alma e observação; neles se
firma para se impor e ser aureolado. Os capítulos não obedecem a
uma disciplina marcada e sustentada; a sua acção torna-se por
vezes independente e livre, mas convergem todos para o fim a que
o autor quere chegar. Sente-se o cronista enfronhado no novelista a
lutar por seus movimentos livres, e a querer desembaraçar-se das
pióses do convencionalismo, para a irradiação dos seus vôos e
pousar onde lhe aprouver. Desta independência de processo
resulta, porêm, a beleza, que vem sempre da sinceridade, e que
Forjaz de Sampayo enriquece com a sua prosa germinativa, cheia
de frescura e desafogada.
A «Gente da rua» é tôda ela sentida. O autor ouviu e
compreendeu as palpitações de tôdas aquelas almas, e tão bem as
estremou, que nem por um momento se confundem. Cada uma tem
o seu corpo, e quando postas em contacto, as chispas são
diferentes. Cada figura surge nítida e perfeita; cada sentimento,
exacto e lógico. Naquele sabbat de dôr, miséria e velhacaria, em
que a flor-luz da ingenuidade brota do espírito simples de Silvino,
com um tom branco de luar a adensar-se em mortalha, as
personagens agitam-se sem se taparem umas às outras, o meio
desenha-se com todo o seu carácter, o ambiente está perfeitamente
definido. Não se lobriga uma contrafacção, não se percebe um
exagêro, não se dá conta de uma fraqueza. É aquilo mesmo.
Ha idéas firmes, expressas com um forte poder sintetico:—o
charuto caro, homenagem da Ordem, que Claudio vai fumando à
saída do Govêrno Civil, é já um ferrete a marcar o traidor; o
raciocínio de Silvino—«Diógenes buscara um homem, não buscara
uma alma. E uma alma era tudo. Êle encontrara a sua. E satisfeito
achava Diógenes parvo»—é um encanto de rama filosófica
polvilhada de humorismo. «Sabes? Tu és o 48.»—atirado ao
romântico e tímido Silvino pela Corália, na situação e posição em
que o autor a coloca, constitúi uma clara e concisa nota dum
impudor inconsciente.
Os destinos são todos determinados logo aos primeiros passos
com que as personagens se nos dirigem, desde o conselheirismo
que espera Claudio até o suicídio para onde Silvino desliza sem o
menor solavanco. O da dengosa e olheirenta Elisa adivinha-se-lhe
nas primeiras linhas que a apresentam, como o da mãe fica
marcado quando se instala à cabeceira do hóspede, e o da pobre
corista, irmã da do Pôrto, se vislumbra em terras do Brasil. E nem
um só deixa de seguir em linha recta, mais ou menos acompanhado
pelas peripécias da vida, mas sempre lógico e certo. O novelista não
amarfanhou de mais aquelas almas no sofrimento; deixou-as
apenas correr o seu destino, que não podia ser outro, e foi-lhes
recolhendo o perfume ou a pestilência, conforme eram flores ou
estrume. Não suavizou, nem carregou, não fêz poesia, nem ouriçou
a realidade. Foi apenas sincero, natural e artista, e com estas
fôrças, construiu a sua bela obra, que merece ser lida, porque não
abundam as do seu quilate no nosso mercado literário; pelo
contrário são raras.
Forjaz de Sampayo chegou depressa ao lugar de honra e nele se
mantêm firme e forte. A sua prosa, rica em variedade de expressão
e côr, dá-lhe uma individualidade segura—dispensando-lhe o
propósito—seja-me permitido o ligeiro reparo—de alguns heretismos
de linguagem, por preocupação artística, de que Fialho e Eça, na
sua primitiva maneira, tambêm foram achacados, até que se
meteram na boa ortodoxia, principalmente o autor das «Cidades e
Serras». A Forjaz de Sampayo há-de suceder-lhe o mesmo, que
não precisa de tais recursos quem tem o seu pujante talento,
conhece tanto a sua língua, e dispõe dum vocabulario tão rico como
preciso. Tendo-se afirmado já em outras obras, agora com a «Gente
da rua» revelou-nos cento e cincoenta páginas duma verdade que a
própria verdade beija, duma beleza literária que encanta o espírito, e
duma filosofia em que a bondade e o castigo se irmanam, um trecho
da vida humana, como se o vivera e o sentira em tôdas as suas
figuras. É o seu maior elogio, creio.
Eduardo Schwalbach.
Do Jornal de Noticias.
Obras de Albino Forjaz de Sampayo
400
Gente da rua
réis
400
Lisboa trágica, 2.ª edição
»
300
Palavras cínicas
»
400
Prosa vil
»
No
Grilhetas
prelo
Dores do Mundo, de Schopenhauer, tradução 300
prefaciada por Albino Forjaz de Sampayo réis

Obras de Leão Tolstoi

A Adolescencia 300 réis


Amor e Liberdade 500 »
Aos Operarios 100 »
Os Cavalleiros da Guarda 500 »
A Felicidade Conjugal 500 »
A Infancia 300 »
Lucta de Heroes 300 »
Os Martyres do Dinheiro 500 »
A Mocidade 500 »
A Morte 400 »
A Odysséa d’um Viajante 500 »
A Palavra de Jesus 400 »

NOVIDADES LITERÁRIAS

O Livro das Melancolias, por Paulo 300 réis


Mantegazza, versão de Arlindo Varela, 1
vol.
Sonetos, de Bocage, nova edição 300 »
escrupulosamente revista e com o retrato e a
biografia do poeta, 1 vol.
O que morreu de amor, por Julio Dantas, 400 »
3.ª edição, 1 vol.
Dicionário de Rimas, por Costa Lima, com 800 »
uma Poética histórica por Theophilo Braga,
2.ª edição considerávelmente aumentada, 1
vol.
Um Serão nas Laranjeiras, por Julio No prelo
Dantas, 2.ª edição ilustrada
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