THE STUDY ON CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS TOYOTA

CARS

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
In the dynamic landscape of the automotive industry, consumer perception plays a pivotal role in
shaping the success of automobile manufacturers. Toyota, a global automotive giant, has
garnered both acclaim and scrutiny in the eyes of consumers worldwide. This essay delves into
the multifaceted realm of consumer perception towards Toyota cars, exploring the factors that
influence how individuals perceive and interact with this brand. From the lens of design
aesthetics to performance reliability, the examination of consumer sentiment towards Toyota cars
is a nuanced exploration that mirrors the intricate relationship between automakers and their
clientele. As we navigate through the intricacies of consumer preferences, cultural influences,
and market dynamics, a comprehensive understanding of the varied perceptions towards Toyota
cars will emerge, shedding light on the brand’s strengths, challenges, and its ever-evolving
position in the automotive marketplace.

INTRODUCTION OF AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

The automotive industry began in the 1860s with hundreds of manufacturers pioneering the
horseless carriage. Early car manufacturing involved manual assembly by a human worker. The
process evolved from engineers working on a stationary car, to a conveyor belt system where the
car passed through multiple stations of more specialized engineers. Starting in the 1960s, robotic
equipment was introduced to the process, and today most cars are produced largely with
automated machinery.

For many decades, the United States led the world in total automobile production, with the U.S.
Big Three General Motors, Ford Motor Company and Chrysler being the world’s three largest
auto manufacturers for a time, and G.M. and Ford remaining the two largest until mid-2000s. In
1929, before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, of which more
than 90% produced by the U.S. automobile industry. At that time, the U.S. had one car per 4.87
persons.[6] After 1945, the U.S. produced around three quarters of world’s auto production. In
1980, the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and then became a world leader again in 1994. Japan
narrowly passed the U.S. in production the years 2006 and 2007, and in 2008 also China, which
in 2009 took the top spot (from Japan) with 13.8 million units, although the U.S. surpassed Japan
in 2011, to become the second-largest automobile industry. In 2017, China reached its top
record, of more than 29 million produced vehicles, which was the so far largest margin from that
of the U.S. From 1970 (140 models) over 1998 (260 models) to 2012 (684 models), the number
of automobile models in the U.S. has grown exponentially.

INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE TOYOTA

Toyota Motor Corporation, Japanese Toyota Jadish KK, Japanese parent company of the Toyota
Group. It became the largest automobile manufacturer in the world for the first time in 2008,
surpassing General Motors. Many of its about 1,000 subsidiary companies and affiliates are
involved in the production of automobiles, automobile parts, and commercial and industrial
vehicles. Headquarters are in Toyota City, an industrial city east of NAGOYA JAPAN. The
Toyota Motor Corporation is a leading global enterprise, generating the eleventh largest revenues
in the globe, and representing the third largest automobile manufacturer in the world, after
General Motors and the German group Volkswagen (Crown Motors). Toyota is nowadays a
leading retailer throughout the world, especially within the United States, and this leading
position has been attained due to the company’s increased ability to understand the needs of the
market and adapt to them. Throughout this project then, the emphasis would be placed on the
identification of the various opportunities and threats, as these emerge from the external
environment and impact Toyota. These threats and opportunities would be presented, as well as
assessed based on the company's ability to respond to them. The initial hypothesis is that the
company is sufficiently skilled and capable to adequately address these threats and opportunities.

OBJECTIVES
• To study which factor influence to choose Toyota.

• To study why consumer prefer Toyota over other brands.

• To study the satisfaction level.

• To study how tough and strong competitor is Toyota to others Brands.

• To study which model is prefered the most under Toyota.

LIMITATIONS
• Perceived Innovation: If consumers perceive other brands as more innovative, they might view
Toyota as conservative or slow to adopt new technologies.
• Design Preferences: Individual preferences for car designs vary, and if Toyota’s design
language doesn’t align with certain consumers’ tastes, it could impact their perception.

• Marketing Strategies: If competitors have more effective or appealing marketing campaigns, it

might overshadow positive aspects of Toyota cars, affecting consumer perception.

• Brand Image: Any negative news or controversies related to Toyota, even if not directly linked
to their cars, can impact the overall brand image and consumer trust.

• Perceived Performance: If consumers perceive other brands to offer better performance,

whether in terms of speed, handling, or fuel efficiency, it can influence their choice.

• Price Perception: Toyota cars are generally associated with reliability, but if consumers
perceive them as overpriced compared to competitors offering similar features, it might affect
their perception.

• Environmental Concerns: Growing environmental awareness might influence perceptions if

consumers believe other brands are more committed to sustainability and eco-friendly practices.

• Technology Integration: If consumers see other brands as integrating cutting-edge technologies

more seamlessly, it could impact their perception of Toyota’s technological advancements.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The study of consumer perception towards Toyota cars encompasses a multifaceted exploration
into how individuals perceive and evaluate the brand, its products, and the overall ownership
experience. This comprehensive analysis involves delving into various factors that influence
consumers’ opinions and choices when it comes to Toyota vehicles. Firstly, understanding the
consumer perception towards Toyota cars involves examining the brand image. Toyota has
established a reputation for reliability, fuel efficiency, and innovation. Research can delve into
how these attributes resonate with consumers, shaping their perception of Toyota as a
trustworthy and technologically advanced automotive brand. Additionally, the study may explore
the impact of marketing and advertising strategies on consumer perception. Toyota’s advertising
campaigns often emphasize safety features, eco-friendliness, and cutting-edge technology.
Investigating how these messages influence consumers’ perceptions can provide valuable
insights into the effectiveness of Toyota’s communication strategies. Another crucial aspect is
the evaluation of product-specific factors. This involves analyzing consumers’ opinions on
various Toyota car models, their features, performance, and design. Factors such as perceived
quality, durability, and aesthetic appeal play a significant role in shaping consumer preferences
and, consequently, their perception of the brand. Furthermore, the study could examine the role
of customer experiences and after-sales services. Positive experiences with dealerships, efficient
maintenance services, and responsive customer support contribute to a favorable perception of
the brand. Conversely, issues in these areas may lead to negative perceptions that can
significantly impact consumer loyalty. Moreover, the study should consider external influences
on consumer perception, such as reviews and word-of-mouth. Exploring how online reviews,
social media discussions, and recommendations from friends or family members shape
perceptions can provide valuable insights into the broader social context influencing consumer
opinions. Economic factors, including pricing strategies and perceived value for money, are also
essential components of the study. Understanding how consumers perceive the affordability and
value proposition of Toyota cars in comparison to competitors contributes to a comprehensive
analysis of their overall perception. In conclusion, the scope of the study on consumer perception
towards Toyota cars encompasses a thorough examination of brand image, marketing strategies,
product-specific factors, customer experiences, external influences, and economic
considerations. By exploring these facets, researchers can gain a nuanced understanding of how
consumers perceive Toyota, providing valuable insights for the automotive industry and
contributing to the ongoing evolution of consumer preferences.

RECENT UPDATES OF THE TOPIC

The study on consumer perception towards Toyota cars delves into a multifaceted realm,
exploring the intricacies of how potential buyers perceive and interpret the brand. This
investigation encompasses various dimensions, shedding light on crucial aspects that influence
consumer decision-making processes. Firstly, understanding the factors influencing consumer
perception is paramount. Elements such as brand image, product quality, safety features, and
environmental consciousness contribute significantly to how consumers view Toyota cars.
Analyzing these components provides valuable insights into the preferences and expectations of
potential buyers. Moreover, the study delves into the impact of marketing strategies on consumer
perception. Examining how advertising, promotions, and social media presence shape consumer
opinions is crucial. For instance, a well-executed marketing campaign emphasizing Toyota’s
commitment to innovation and sustainability can positively influence consumer perceptions.
Furthermore, the study explores the role of word-of-mouth and online reviews. Consumer
opinions shared through these channels can significantly sway potential buyers. Analyzing the
sentiment and content of such discussions helps to gauge the real-world experiences of Toyota
car owners, offering a more comprehensive understanding of consumer perception. Additionally,
regional and cultural variations in consumer perception are considered. Different markets may
prioritize distinct features or aspects, and cultural nuances can impact the perceived value of
Toyota cars. A comprehensive study takes these factors into account to provide a holistic view of
consumer perception across diverse demographics. The study also delves into the role of
customer service and after-sales support. Assessing how Toyota addresses customer concerns
and handles post-purchase interactions influences consumer satisfaction and, consequently,
perception. A positive experience in these areas can contribute to brand loyalty and positive
word-of-mouth. Furthermore, examining the competitive landscape is crucial. Understanding
how consumers compare Toyota cars with rival brands provides insights into the brand’s
strengths and weaknesses. This comparative analysis helps Toyota adapt its strategies to stay
competitive in the ever-evolving automotive market. In conclusion, the scope of the study on
consumer perception towards Toyota cars is expansive and multifaceted. It involves dissecting
the various factors influencing perception, analyzing marketing strategies, considering regional
and cultural variations, and evaluating customer service. By comprehensively examining these
aspects, the study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of how consumers perceive Toyota
cars, offering valuable insights for strategic decision-making within the automotive industry.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1. Baber, H. (2018) : Service quality perception of customers–A study of Toyota motors in
India. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, The study is aimed to explore the
gap between the level of expectation in service quality and service perception and its
influence on customer satisfaction of Toyota customers in India. A 25-item questionnaire
was used to collect primary data from 1721 customers of selected states. Data was
statistically analysed through reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, paired sample t-
test and confirmed factor analysis.

2. Wulandari, N. W. S., Sakti, D. P. B., & Athar, H. S. (2022). The Effect of Country of
Origin and Country of Manufacture on Perceived Quality and Purchase Intention on Toyota
Cars in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Path of Science, This study aims to determine and
analyze the influence of Country of Origin and Country of Manufacture variables on
Purchase Intention and Perceived Quality, as well as the impact of Perceived Quality
variables on the Purchase Intention of Toyota Cars in West Nusa Tenggara.
3. Isa, J., & Riyadi, S. (2018). E-WOM and price perception on image, satisfaction, and
loyalty for consumers of Toyota family cars. This study aimed to investigate the influence of
electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) and the price perception on the image, satisfaction, and
loyalty of customers' Toyota family cars. This was designed as survey research in which
primary data were applied for data collection. Data were obtained from customers of Toyota
family cars in Makassar. The samples were 400 respondents taken with accidental sampling
technique; and the technique for data analysis was SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). As
a result, eWOM and price perception gave impact on brand image of Toyota family cars.
Further result indicated that eWOM had no effect to customer satisfaction and customer
loyalty. While, price perceptions and brand image induced Toyota customers' satisfaction and
loyalty; in turn, customer satisfaction impinged Toyota customers' loyalty.

4. Winardy, I., Purba, P. Y., Chaniago, C., & Andika, A. (2021). The Positive Impact of
Product Quality, Price, and, Promotion on Purchasing Decision of Toyota Innova Cars. The
phenomenon of declining purchasing decisions can be seen from the fact that sales targets
have not been achieved, product quality is not good, prices are not competitive, and
promotional strategies are not yet attractive. This study aims to analyze the contribution of
product quality, price, and promotion factors to the purchase decision of Toyota Innova at PT
Perintis Perkasa. This research is a descriptive study using a quantitative approach. This
study involved a sample of 131 consumers who were selected using a simple random
sampling technique. Data were collected by providing an instrument in the form of
a questionnaire.

5. Zakawerus, R. Y., Mananeke, L., & Tumbuan, W. J. Analysis of the Effect of Brand
Image, Product Quality, and Price Perception on Consumer Purchase Decisions for Toyota
Avanza PT. Hasjrat Abadi Manado.This study aims to test and analyze whether brand image,
product quality, and price perception have a simultaneous and partial effect on consumer
purchasing decisions for Toyota Avanza PT. Hasjrat Abadi Manado.

6. Haris, A. (2022). Marketing Strategy on Purchase Decisions for Toyota All New Veloz Cars.
This study aims to determine the influence of product, price, promotion, and distribution
factors on purchasing decisions of the Toyota All New Veloz in Makassar City. The
population in this study were all Toyota All New Veloz owners in Makassar City. The
sampling technique was accidental random sampling, namely, taking a sample from every
member of the target population in the field.

7. Lestari, I., Sadalia, I., Rini, E. S., & Sembiring, B. K. F. (2023, May). The Influence of
Brand Trust and Product Quality on Customer Loyalty Through Customer Engagement on
Users Toyota Cars in Medan City. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze
the effect of brand trust and product quality on customer loyalty through customer
 engagement with Toyota car users in Medan City. The research was conducted on Toyota car
users in Medan City. The population of all Toyota brand car users in Medan City.

8. Armawan, I. (2021). The Influence of Brand Image, Service Quality and Perceived Value on
Brand Loyalty And Brand Equity Toyota Avanza. This causal cooperative research aims to
analyze the independent variable (independent) on the dependent variable. The research was
conducted on Avanza car owners who service at the official Toyota repair shop, namely
Auto2000 Balikpapan. This study aims to determine the main reasons consumers buy Toyota
Avanza products, so this research needs to be done.

9. Mpehle, Z., Farhansyah, A., Haeruddin, M. I. W., & Haeruddin, M. (2020). One Way or
Another: A Report of Toyota's Company Social Performance. The purpose of this article is
to explain how Toyota ensures these satisfactions by implementing Corporate Social
Performance (CSP). Toyota aims to grow into a company that will be good corporate
citizenship that is trusted by all their stakeholders and support the society affluent over all the
business activities. This is important as the result of the CSP is shaping consumer's
perception toward brand in terms of brand personality and playing a central role in sustaining
Toyota's long-term objectives. This paper employs research methods by systematically
reviewing the relevant literature.

10. Belgrade, I. R., & Puspita, V. (2021, March). Marketing Communications Strategy and
Brand Sustainability of Toyota Astra Motor Indonesia. Toyota Astra Motor Indonesia, one of
Japanese automotive companies running in Indonesia, maintains its brand sustainability in
Indonesia by applying a communications strategy through collectivist culture approach. This
strategy is implemented by displaying advertisements that attract the attention of Indonesian
people and offer to fulfil their needs, for example, by featuring the themes of family,
friendship, art and culture as well as the need to congegrate. This strategy is implemented on
a face-to-face basis by establishing more outlets in outlaying regions or via media by issuing
advertisements on mass media and digital media with the involvement of influencers. This is
aimed to maintain Toyota’s brand sustainability.

11. Choi, J., & Chung, W. (2013). Analysis of the interactive relationship between apology and
product involvement in crisis communication: An experimental study on the Toyota recall
crisis. This study explores the interactive relationship between apology, as a crisis-response
strategy used in the current Toyota recall crisis, and product involvement in influencing the
restoration of the organization’s reputation and customers’ future purchase intentions. The
authors measured the impact of the interaction between participants’ perception of an
apology and their product-involvement levels using a 2 (perception of apology: high sincerity
vs. low sincerity) × 2 (product involvement: high vs. low) experiment design. The results
showed that an apology was an effective strategy for repairing the organization’s reputation
 for those participants who were highly involved and perceived the strategy as highly sincere,
but it did not increase their purchase intentions.

12. W Opartsatianpong,. (2014). Motivation to buy and demographics of Toyota prius drivers
in Bangkok area.Thailand’s automotive industry has shown significant growth over the past
ten years. However, this growth has also had a negative impact, with increased air pollution
and a reduction in energy resources. In an effort to deal with those problems, automotive
companies have developed a new hybrid technology, Toyota Prius have been introduced to
the Thai market. However, the Thai market has not shown the strong demand and sales have
reduced sharply in recent years. Hence, the objective of this study is to understand
consumers’ insight purchasing Toyota Prius, which interviews and questionnaires will be
used to understand consumer behavior. The results of the findings will be broken down into
three factors: demographic issues; consumer motivation; and factors that influence decision
making. The results show that demographic aspects have positive correlation with decisions
to purchase the Toyota Prius. However, Thai consumers tend to have less intrinsic
motivation, and are more likely to consider factors as image, specifications and price. In
conclusion, this thematic study will benefit automotive companies by enhancing their
understanding of consumer insights and using them to evaluate marketing and product
strategies relating to hybrid models.

13. Fahmi, I., & Hamdani, H. (2023). Differences in Consumer Attitudes in the Decision to
Purchase Toyota Brand Cars and Honda Brand Cars in Banda Aceh City. Attitudes play an
important role in making marketing decisions and there is a tendency to consider attitudes as
the most important factor in predicting future behavior and can help companies predict
product demand. Products and develop appropriate marketing programs a person's attitude
toward product attributes may vary depending on beliefs and evaluations about product
attributes in addition, there are other factors that also influence and will ultimately determine
their interest in purchasing the product. Explore and analyze consumer attitudes toward the
attributes and prices of Toyota and Honda branded automotive products to explore and
analyze differences in consumer attitudes toward the attributes and prices of Toyota and
Honda branded automobile products to obtain information and data for this research, the
author conducted field research, specifically research on buyers/users of passenger cars),
Toyota brand cars and passenger cars.

14. Pudjoprastyono, H. (2023). The Influence of Price Perceptions and Product Quality
Perceptions on Toyota Rush Purchase Decisions in Auto 2000 Kenjeran Branch The purpose
of this study was to analyze and determine the effect of price perceptions and product quality
perceptions on purchasing decisions for the Toyota Rush Car at Auto 2000 Kenjeran
Surabaya Branch. This research method uses quantitative methods. The population in this
study were Toyota Rush Car Buyers at the Auto 2000 Kenjeran Surabaya Branch.
15. Shandy, A., Sendow, G. M., & Lumanauw, B. (2024). The Influences of Brand Image,
Brand Trust, and Perceived Quality to the Purchase Decision of Toyota Brand Vehicles of
the State Civil Apparatus at South Minahasa Regency.In this research, the ordinary least
square calculation method is used where the vehicle purchasing decision is used as the
dependent variable while brand image, brand trust and perceived quality are fixed variables.
The sample in this study amounted to 50 people using a non-probability sampling technique.
By using primary data collection methods or by using questionnaires distributed to SCA in
South Minahasa Regency. Where, based on the calculations carried out, the results were
found that brand image, brand trust and perceived quality together had a positive and
significant influence on purchasing decisions, as well as by calculating individually using t-
count, positive and significant results were also obtained.

16. Dhanny, O., Hudayah, S., Paminto, A., Hariyadi, S., & Adhimursandi, D. (2021).
Investigation of Perceived Quality and Brand Trust Antecedents and Their Consequences on
Brand Loyalty of Toyota Avanza Vehicle in East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia.The
purpose of this study was to analyze and prove the influence of brand personality, brand
awareness, brand prestige, and image of the country of origin on perceived quality, brand
trust, and brand loyalty of Toyota Avanza vehicles in East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia.
This research is explanatory research using the crosssectional method, and the population is
the customer of the Toyota Avanza.

17. Kalla, T. P. H. (2022). Revenue Factors, Service Quality and Location Affect Consumer
Purchasing Decisions In Mediating Prices and Product Dealers Products Toyota PT. Hadji
Kalla. This research aims to explain and analyze the influence of revenue, service quality and
location on customer purchase decisions in mediating prices and products to bridge the gap.

18. Martins, N., & Enes, J. (2020). Spot toyota: design and development of a mobile
application for toyota’s promotion actions to the young audience.This project aims to
demonstrate the importance that digital media can have to the development of loyalty
programs, namely in creating empathy and proximity relationships between brands and their
target audience: young people. This study consisted of the creation of a digital platform for
Toyota Portugal, named Spot Toyota, to communicate actions promoted by the car brand,
especially during music festivals. With the support of advertising agency.

19. Hamdani, Y., & Prihantoro, E. (2020). Effect of Integrated Marketing Communication on
Brand Equity (Case Study of Toyota Calya Cars.The study was conducted to determine the
effect of Integrated Marketing Communication variables such as Advertising, Sales
Promotion, Events or Events and Public Relations on Brand Equity of Toyota Calya cars at
PT. Hasjrat Abadi Gorontalo Branch. This research used the non-probability sampling
method of incendental sampling by distributing questionnaires to 110 respondents using
direct forms and Google Drive. Respondents namely consumers of PT. Hasjrat Abadi
 Gorontalo Branch who bought LCGC cars. The results of this study indicate that sales
promotions, events and public relations conducted by companies have a positive and
significant effect on brand equity.

20. Taji, A. (2023). The Effect of Price, Sales Promotion and Product Quality on Purchase
Interest in the Toyota Kijang Innova Zenix This study aims to find out and analyze the effect
of Price, Sales Promotion, and Product Quality on Purchase Interests for the Toyota Kijang
Innova Zenix vehicle at the Toyota Hadji Kalla Urip Sumoharjo Branch with a research time
of 2 months starting from April to May 2013. The population in this study were all customers
of Toyota Hadji Kalla Urip Sumoharjo Branch from January to April 2023 totaling 518
customers while the samples in this study were determined using the slovin formula so that
the samples used in this study were 84 samples. This study used a survey method by
distributing questionnaires. The results of the analysis show that Price has a negative and
significant effect on Purchase Intention, Sales Promotion has a positive and significant effect
on Purchase Intention, Product Quality has a significant positive effect on Purchase Intention,
and simultaneously Price, Sales Promotion, and Product Quality have a positive and
significant effect on Purchase Intention.

21. Kawai, T. (2020). Evaluation of Toyota’s Strategy for Connected Cars—Based on the
Theory of Dynamic Managerial Capabilities, The objective of this paper is to assess the
progress of Toyota’s survival strategy concentrating on connected cars based on the theory of
dynamic managerial capabilities (DMC) developed in Kawai and the framework of dynamic
platform strategy developed in Kawai. First, a typology of the possible defense strategies of
Toyota was deduced based on examination of existing research concerning the theme. Then,
the locus of Toyota’s efforts for defense was sketched and the company’s intermediary
performance was assessed in reference to the above typology. Finally, evaluation shows that
Toyota’s performance assessed by the extent of progress in measures taken is not necessarily
poor as of today albeit there are substantial concerns, but it is too difficult to predict
a final outcome.

22. Teslenko, Т. В., & Romanko, О. В. (2021). Lean produktion of" Toyota" as an integrated
system of operational perfection.The relevance of the study of the lean production is of great
importance, as its implementation demonstrates new methods of management of all
production and logistics processes aimed at achieving quality, successful use and a number of
means of their application after World War II. The article analyzes the Toyota Production
System, which formed the basis of dozens of books on “lean production”.

23. Khan, M. A., & Muhammad, D. I. (2022). Toyota Production System:“Epistemology of

Paradigm shift in Japan”.The objective of this article is to study the management techniques
of Toyota Production System. The methodology of this work adopts a bibliographic research
approach. It is an analysis of the literature on the evolution of TPS demonstrating some of its
 core management techniques. The result is the contribution to understanding the construction
of culture Toyota's organizational structure, in order to direct a path to be followed by other
companies that wish to replicate the management model. It is evident that the manufacturing
philosophies practiced by Toyota were supposed to be a paradigm shift for the company itself
as well as for Japanese nation.

24. Critical Factors Shaping Consumer Perceptions of Brand Trust in Automobile Industry of
Pakistan Naveed Ahmad,This empirical research intends to scrutinize those factors through
which brand trust (BT) would be enhancing in automobile industry of Pakistan.This research
study provides insight to automobile managers that they can accomplish and perpetuate a
strong competitive position in automobile industry by enhancing trust of car users. Until
now, this research is the initial step to analyze those factors which would enhance trust of car
users by using SEM in automobile industry of Pakistan.

25. Ruhi sarangal, Ashok kumar, Devesh bathla, Prashanth Chauhan (2023) Strategic
Alliance Between Toyota and Suzuki: It was in the year 1977 in October that the Toyota
Motor Corporation entered India. Toyota entered into a joint venture with the Kirloskar
Group, therein establishing Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited. Carving their place in
the Indian automobile sector, Toyota has successfully carved its place known for their
dependability and durability likewise as it was globally. In India, the cars like Corolla Altis
sedan, Innova Crysta premium MPV, and the Fortuner premium SUV are one of the most
popular models that run successfully. In addition to being the largest automobile
manufacturer in the world, the Toyota camp has always been renowned for the cutting-edge
technology and brilliant production practices it employs in its manufacturing operations.
Toyota has always been a path finder propagating and manufacturing eco-friendly
automobiles. Over the years Toyota has developed and mastered developing incredible and
refined power plants, which empowers it to deliver tremendous power while minimising
fuel consumption.

26. Mohamed Hamed Ahmed Soliman ( 2023) Toyota Production System Concepts, Toyota
Motor Corporation made a system to make good products, save money, and make things
faster by using less waste. TPS has two main parts, just-in-time and jidoka. It is often shown
as a "house" image. To improve TPS and keep it running well, we use a process called
PDCA or the scientific method. We do this by doing the same tasks over and over again and
making small improvements called kaizen. TPS was created by Taiichi Ohno, who managed
production at Toyota after World War II. Ohno began using TPS at Toyota in the 1950s and
1960s, starting with machining work. Then, he started using it in other parts of the company
and also shared it with other suppliers in the 1960s and 1970s. Outside of Japan, the spread
of Toyota and General Motors partnership called NUMMI began in California in 1984. The
concepts of just-in-time (JIT) and jidoka were created before the war. A long time ago,
Sakichi Toyoda created the idea of jidoka, and he also started the Toyota group of
 companies. He added a machine to his looms that would stop the loom if a thread broke. This
improved the quality of things and let people concentrate on more important tasks instead of
just checking machines for quality. Over time, this basic idea became a part of every
machine, every production line, and every Toyota operation. Kiichiro Toyoda, who is the son
of Sakichi and the founder of Toyota, came up with the idea of JIT (Just-in-Time) in the
1930s. He said Toyota should not have too many cars sitting unsold, and they should try to
work with their suppliers to make the same number of cars all the time. Ohno was in charge
of making JIT, a special system to control how much we make and to avoid making too
much. TPS was well-known after The Machine That Changed the World was published in
1990. This book took five years to make, and it was researched by the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. The researchers at MIT found that TPS was faster and more efficient
than regular mass production. It was a very different way of doing things, so they called it
lean production

27. Nasir Hussain Haji (2023) consumer perception towards toyota cars in kashmir , This
assignment provides a detailed company description of the giant automaker Toyota motor
corporations, along with an in depth analysis and evaluation of business activities.The
introduction includes history as well as generalknowledge about business process of
thecompany .Main part includes the core competences,value chain analysis, consumer
perception and thatinclude information about primary and supportactivities that help the
company to maintainoperations, meet costumer expectations and gaincompetitive advantage.
The last part of this report provides recommendations that may help Toyota tomaintain
productivity and attract more customers.Toyota is one of the largest manufactures of cars
inthe world, with scores of factories in dozen of countries. Its standing in the automotive
world asthe most successful and most profitable carmaker..

28. Feng, Y. (2010). Toyota Crisis: Management Ignorance?: A Swedish Case of Consumers
Perceptions, Since the late 2009, the famous vehicle manufacture Toyota has suffered a
severe crisis due to unintended quality problems in its cars which had triggered Toyota’s
largest officially recalls of its cars around the world. This crisis threatens the company’s
previous reputation of good quality cars, as well as the brand image built up over time. This
study aims to elaborate on the Toyota crisis in order to understand why Toyota faces this
crisis and how they deal with the crisis; and investigate consumers’ perceptions of Toyota
brand as the outcome of the crisis, with a focus on Swedish market. A qualitative research
along with a number of face-to-face interviews with Toyota Swedish dealer and Swedish
vehicle consumers is conducted. The findings reveal that the impact of the Toyota crisis in
Sweden is not as serious as that in North America; there remain satisfied and loyal Toyota’s
customers who are not swayed by the negative publicities; While Toyota should manage the
crisis even in a better way in order to retain its good reputation.
29. Han, C. M. (2016). Global identity strategy and its efficacy for Asian brands: is Toyota
global or Japanese to consumers?, The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether or not
the strategy of pursuing a global brand identity by leading Asian firms will produce intended
outcomes in consumer responses. For this purpose, the study empirically examines whether
global Japanese brands (e.g. Toyota) are perceived as global or Japanese by consumers.

30. Majid, A., Raza, A., Rehman, Y., & Zafar, V. (2019). Factors Affecting Consumer's
Purchase Intention When Buying Toyota Corolla in Pakistan, Toyota has been the market
leader in automobiles specially hybrid and electric automobiles. It has been operational in
Pakistan since 1989. As of September 2018, it was the sixth largest company in the world in
terms of revenue. The economic conditions however have not been very favorable for the
automotive industry. The economy of Pakistan and the consistent increase in dollar rates has
taken a huge toll on the sales of the multinational manufacturer. Focus group analysis show
that majority of the people preferred Honda over Toyota due to several reasons including
near to none change in the designs of Toyota Corolla’s variants. Another factor was that
Toyota was seen more as a car for the rural areas which was best suited for a rugged terrain.
Although the general perception is that Toyota has better car suspension and fuel efficiency,
people would still prefer Honda and other Japanese cars. Respondents said that
advertisements played a crucial role but they do not compel the customer to buy a product
like a car, there are other factors that are taken under consideration. Pakwheels and olx were
the first two online platforms that they mentioned when asked about their go to online source.
Family and friends advice played a major role in deciding which car to buy. According to the
research conducted by our group through questionnaire, a regression was done and seen that
the general perception that a reduction in prices will increase sales was not true because
people usually associate low prices with low quality products. According to the regression,
only advertisement and product have a significant result. All the variables are positively
correlated with each other and less than one and positive indicating a formative relationship
to the dependent variable. Branding has an insignificant positive relationship with purchase
intention because consumers are only considering three competitors; Honda, Suzuki
and Japanese cars.

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