Crafting a Literature Review: Navigating the Challenges

Embarking on the journey of writing a literature review can be akin to navigating through a dense
forest, where each tree represents a piece of existing research waiting to be explored. When tasked
with developing a conceptual model for graduate employability in the context of South Africa, the
challenges can seem particularly daunting. However, with the right guidance and resources, this
endeavor can be transformed into a rewarding and insightful process.

The Daunting Task Ahead

One of the primary difficulties in writing a literature review lies in the sheer volume of existing
literature. Sorting through countless scholarly articles, books, and reports to identify relevant sources
can be overwhelming. Furthermore, synthesizing this information into a coherent narrative that
contributes meaningfully to the field requires both time and expertise.

Navigating the Complexities

Beyond the sheer quantity of literature, another challenge lies in discerning the quality and relevance
of sources. Not all research is created equal, and distinguishing between seminal works and
peripheral studies is crucial for constructing a robust conceptual framework. Additionally, reconciling
conflicting findings and perspectives within the literature can be a delicate balancing act.

Unlocking the Solution

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Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest. Given that deductive method enables the
study to empirically validate the proposed model, the elements of the framework of the study should
form the core of the data collection process (Kara, 2018). Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech
Industry (JPBI). Since the expanded enrollment in 1999, the number of Chinese college graduates
has increased sharply during recent years. Hundreds of symbol categories are accessible for you to
utilize and incorporate into your conceptual framework. Therefore, there was a moderated mediation
effect between career social support and employability of college students. Blokker et al. (2019)
outlined statistically significant relationships (Figure 6) between the study variables. European
Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE). Variables include the user's
attitude, beliefs, and attitudes towards the product, service provider, system quality, etc. Through the
process of educational studies from higher educational universities, people’s knowledge is increasing,
and they have to make the right decision in choosing the careers that are most suitable for them. The
research hypotheses proposed for further investigation along with the variables in the framework will
rely on the extant body of knowledge presented in Chapter 2. Relevant hospitality education (Sadik,
2017) is a necessary condition for successful graduates gaining their initial employment. As the beta
coefficients were positive, the time required for attaining employment depended on the graduates’
professional ethical behaviour along with their problem solving skill. This stance neglects unique and
individual opinions (Matusov et al., 2019). This meant that the study may fail to capture the full
complexity of human behaviours and how these related to employability. After graduating, the
student usually will find a job related to the course they took at university. The findings rejected
Hypothesis 2 as demonstrated below. Figure 1 below shows the framework that was developed
based on the literature review and research problem. Graduates’ Competencies and Employability: A
Conceptual Framework. The results stated that modern hospitality firms presented a challenging
work environment. Framework as a Research Tool: A Researcher's Reflections.” Issues In. As an
important social network and capital resource, career social support may be highly influential in
determining the success of college students’ employment. In contrast, problem solving constituted a
significant problem for the participants. The chapter also includes a brief review of the relevant
ethical issues. Overall, good career social support can promote college students’ career adaptability,
which in turn facilitates employability. The author’s personal contacts constituted the base of the
research sample. What's more, EdrawMax is compatible with Windows, Mac, and Linux. The
following figure highlights the findings of technology competencies. The findings indicated that
flexibility, marketing competencies and interpersonal skills were among the key factors that
determined employer’s perceptions. Previous Article in Journal A Study on Needs Analysis in
English Teaching and Learning Skills for Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Polytechnic
Engineering Students Pursuing Degree. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA).
Mokhtar, S.A.; Arifin, N.A.M.; Rosman, M.R.M.; Abdullah, N.; Fadzil, F.H.; Isa, A.M. The
employment rate of college graduates was 91.5% in 2018, and it was lower than that in 2014
(92.6%), indicating that the employment rate in China was on a gentle, but steady, downward slide.
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These two investigations were also underpinned by scientific research on the opinions of the three
sides (specifically, working graduates, employers, and academic experts) involved in the process of
young professionals’ initial employability (Shivoro et al., 2018; Wakelin-Theron et al., 2018). The
interpersonal relationships, team cooperation, learning ability, and resolving problems factors were
competencies related to coping with interpersonal relationship and problem solving. The thesis also
assesses the degree, to which the findings addressed the research objectives. A conceptual
framework is also a helpful guide for assessing a student's performance in the clinical setting. As an
important social network and capital resource, career social support may be highly influential in
determining the success of college students’ employment. This crisis resulted in the issues of
employability, as it has been discussed for a long time that job demands have been decreased and the
employment rate has been reduced due to the current economic situations. It is not a complicated
process to create a conceptual framework in EdrawMax. Such an approach to data analysis process
allowed the researcher to verify the 3 hypotheses proposed for the investigation. In a global world
today, changes occur frequently from time to time and it has become more difficult to keep up with
current trends. The service quality differential displays how good customer service is at a given site,
such as through email and chat features. The development of one’s marketing skills increased the
graduates’ knowledge of the needs of the clients of hospitality firms. This was consistent with the
explanations provided by Hedvicakova (2018). This analytical tool can be used in different variations
and contacts, so it is useful in many fields of work. The more satisfied the user is, the better their
experience. Therefore, the 3 hypotheses were developed and evaluated relying on the existing
variables retrieved from the literature review. Results indicated that Stars mentees were highly
engaged in the programme, but particularly youth attending low-decile schools and schools that were
predominantly Pasifika in ethnic composition. Graduates’ Competencies and Employability: A
Conceptual Framework. Furthermore, developing it on paper would be costly, and you may
eventually wind up with far too many mistakes. This integrated framework will serve as a “Theory of
Change” (ToC) that guides the design and development of the network and subsequent development
of an evaluation framework for the sub-projects and overall effectiveness of the network. The
technology competencies of the sample were developed to a moderately high degree. Therefore,
lectures’, graduates’ or students’ perspectives along with the hospitality sphere employers’ opinions
should be accounted to provide holistic findings on employability. Professionals always update these
templates with creative ideas. Among the sample, 50.5% of these participants were sophomores,
40.6% were juniors, and 8.9% were seniors. Furthermore, 78.6% of these participants were female,
75.3% had one or more siblings, and 65.3% reported their place of residence as urban. Utilising a
mixed-methods design, this study explored the engagement in, and effectiveness of, Stars, a New
Zealand developed, school-based, mentoring programme designed to ease the transition to secondary
school. In this article, we will look at everything you need to know about a Conceptual Framework.
Assessing existing criteria of employability may inform the job seeking behaviours of graduates and
improve the efficacy of recruitment for hospitality firms. In turn, value was arguably driven by the
ability of applicants to switch between different competencies as elements of one framework.
In line with the statement of Ghosh and Fouad (2017), Wang and Fu (2015) recruited 879 Chinese
college graduates as the sample and documented that career adaptability can be enhanced by social
support. For example, in a sample of graduating seniors, Ghosh and Fouad (2017) indicated that
social support can significantly predict the concern resource. Through the process of educational
studies from higher educational universities, people’s knowledge is increasing, and they have to make
the right decision in choosing the careers that are most suitable for them. As was underlined by Bui
et al. (2019), it was challenging to formulate any commonly accepted components of employability.
The primary goal was to investigate the relationship between these capabilities and the employer’s
perceptions of first-time job seekers. The findings rejected Hypothesis 2 as demonstrated below. The
outcomes rejected Hypothesis 1 as interpersonal skills did not have an effect on the dependent
variable. At the workplace, the graduates will learn new things other than what they have learnt in
class, and it will give them opportunities to upgrade themselves for the highest position available.
Comparing the most valuable abilities for successful employment, Konig and Ribaric (2019, 93)
noted the largest discrepancies in the lecturers’ and the employers’ assessments of the following
graduates’ skills, namely work ethics, practical experience, and critical thinking. The findings could
also be of interest to higher education professionals. Unleashing the Power of AI Tools for Enhancing
Research, International FDP on. For instance, Kalia and Nafees (2019), Gibson, (2018), and
Hendarman and Cantner (2018) supported models distinguishing specific soft and hard
competencies. Specifically, a proactive personality will moderate the second half path of the
mediating link (i.e., the relationship between career adaptability and employability). Gofas et al.
(2018) supported this by stating that positivism was an objective research philosophy emphasising
unambiguous data interpretation. Relying on the conceptual framework, the 3 hypotheses are tested
with the aid of the linear regression method. This relationship was assessed as statistically significant
because the obtained indicator passed the accepted benchmark of statistical analysis (Gray and
Kinnear, 2012). The rapid changes of technology allow professional workers to grab opportunities in
order to grow their career development. You will have to make a lot of calculations as well as sketch
each object to proportion. In addition, the programme appeared to increase acquisition of practical
skills, working with others, connecting to communities, meeting personal achievements, improving
relationships with friends, and developing relationships with older peers. This change and transition
is considered as one movement that will provide an emerging market for information professionals.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative
Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( ). Critical thinking (2.1786) and interpersonal skills (2.3750)
were displayed as the strongest skills among soft skills. As the beta coefficients were positive, the
time required for attaining employment depended on the graduates’ professional ethical behaviour
along with their problem solving skill. As a core component in career development, previous research
suggested that career adaptability was a significant predictor for job satisfaction ( Han and Rojewski,
2015 ), turnover intention ( Chan and Mai, 2015 ), job performance ( Ohme and Zacher, 2015 ), and
employability ( Mcardle et al., 2007; Dumulescu et al., 2015; Veld et al., 2016 ). Consequently, the
first hypothesis is proposed. Results indicated that Stars mentees were highly engaged in the
programme, but particularly youth attending low-decile schools and schools that were predominantly
Pasifika in ethnic composition. A conceptual framework is also a helpful guide for assessing a
student's performance in the clinical setting. First of all, the study relied on a convenience sample of
Chinese college students, and the mean age of the sample was only 21.12 years, which limited the
generalizability of results. The participants were also able to revoke their participation at any time
during the data collection process. Assessing existing criteria of employability may inform the job
seeking behaviours of graduates and improve the efficacy of recruitment for hospitality firms. A
structured literature review methodology was adopted, and a conceptual model was developed for
further exploration of the topic.
It should also be noted that the modern trend of the hospitality and tourism industry was to prioritise
soft skills during employee evaluations and human resource planning (Jaykumar, 2018). Article types
Author guidelines Editor guidelines Publishing fees Submission checklist Contact editorial office
Frontiers in Psychology. The system quality differential shows how well-managed the site is and
whether it has effective customer support. Another argument illustrating the high validity of the
findings was that the majority of the sample still retained their impressions and memories of their
formal education. Moreover, Blokker’s et al. (2019) study outcomes were consistent with Spurk’s et
al. (2018) inference that an employee’s career success impacted further positive career developing.
The implication was that there existed hard skills which were considered to be necessary for any
applicant while the hard skills highlighted by the study had high relevance specifically to the
hospitality industry (Shivoro et al., 2018; Sadik, 2017). In the conceptual framework process, the
following questions are asked: What does your audience need. For this quantitative research, the
format instrument will be used as the data can be easily generalized to the object being analyzed.
Another limitation of Shivoro’s et al. (2018) investigation was that the authors did not evaluate these
items in the context of young professionals’ management activities. EdrawMax has several templates
with fantastic designs for a conceptual framework for your organization. The employment rate of
college graduates was 91.5% in 2018, and it was lower than that in 2014 (92.6%), indicating that the
employment rate in China was on a gentle, but steady, downward slide. It should be written in
simple, easy-to-understand language. Furthermore, proactive personality was found to play a
moderating role in linking career adaptation and employability. That determined the hospitality
graduates’ need to be professionally prepared at their universities for their rapid recruitment. Being
specifically devoted to the problem of tourism graduates’ employability, Wakelin-Theron’s et al.
(2018) investigation established the employability skillset demanded by the industry. As the beta
coefficients were positive, the time required for attaining employment depended on the graduates’
professional ethical behaviour along with their problem solving skill. This makes this research
unprofessional and sloppy. The thesis acknowledges that not all findings of other authors were
reflected in the data. Article types Author guidelines Editor guidelines Publishing fees Submission
checklist Contact editorial office Submit your research Search Download article. The dissertation
outcomes could help graduates to find initial jobs by developing relevant skills at universities and
highlighting their employability. A conceptual framework is also a helpful guide for assessing a
student's performance in the clinical setting. Given that the response rate in online questionnaires
does not usually exceed 11% (Evans and Mathur, 2018), the researcher had to contact more than 200
potential respondents to achieve the final sample of 56 participants. The thesis argued that flexibility,
professional ethical behaviours, marketing competencies, critical thinking and problem solving skills
were among the most crucial competencies needed for improved employability. The diagram above
shows how consumer satisfaction in internet shopping is affected by several factors. On the other
hand, critically evaluating epistemology, Rorty (2019) underlined a serious limitation of
epistemology namely the fact that epistemological research was unable to overcome the boundaries
of thinking that were dictated by the language (Nielsen, 2019). The theory did not specifically
emphasise employability for graduates. Please let us know what you think of our products and
services. Challenge in the workplace has a positive and significant relationship with graduate
employability. The following table focuses on how quickly the participants found their first jobs. It is
recommended that by investigating each individual hospitality industry branch, the future researchers
of the hospitality industry should assess three stakeholder groups such as the employers, the
employees and the educators who provide services to students.
The employment rate of college graduates was 91.5% in 2018, and it was lower than that in 2014
(92.6%), indicating that the employment rate in China was on a gentle, but steady, downward slide.
This meant that a greater degree of focus on 4 specific skills mentioned previously was necessary for
young professionals aiming to improve their employability. Another limitation of Shivoro’s et al.
(2018) investigation was that the authors did not evaluate these items in the context of young
professionals’ management activities. It can also be applied to evaluate the nurse educator's
effectiveness in the classroom. Results indicated that Stars mentees were highly engaged in the
programme, but particularly youth attending low-decile schools and schools that were predominantly
Pasifika in ethnic composition. Although both are used interchangeably there are conceptual
differences between the two frameworks. A conceptual framework is also a helpful guide for
assessing a student's performance in the clinical setting. Editor’s Choice articles are based on
recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Find support for
a specific problem in the support section of our website. The author deleted all identifying data from
the questionnaire forms, meaning that the study was confidential but not fully anonymous (Saunders
et al., 2016). The obtained raw data was deleted after the research project was completed to avoid
sharing it intentionally or unintentionally with third parties. Personal adaptability, which is
willingness to change personal factors and social and human capital, is making investments in social
and human capital in expectation of future returns in the workplace. This relationship was assessed as
statistically significant because the obtained indicator passed the accepted benchmark of statistical
analysis (Gray and Kinnear, 2012). More specifically, higher levels of a proactive personality
strengthen the enhancing effect of career adaptation on the employability of college students. The
results could have reflected the perceptions of a limited group of employers, thus questioning their
applicability to the hospitality industry in the UK as a whole. Visit our dedicated information section
to learn more about MDPI. The data was indicative of the needs of the hospitality sector companies.
For instance, interpersonal skills required graduates to establish long-term relationships with clients
and internal stakeholders, meaning that it was difficult to assess the statistical significance of these
competencies (Sotiriadis, 2018). Challenge in the workplace has a positive and significant
relationship with graduate employability. This illustrated that graduates were aware of the relevant
professional manager characteristics. Graduates should have a strong sense of self, confidence, high
self-esteem, and a comprehensive knowledge of the company goals. You will have to make a lot of
calculations as well as sketch each object to proportion. In total, 35.7% of the sample chose the
options “Below average” and “Poor” when evaluating their competencies. Thus, the conceptual
framework links concepts with empirical research and important theories that form the basis of the
research conducted. This dissertation bridges the outlined gap by offering a clear differentiation
between employability skills. Overall, good career social support can promote college students’ career
adaptability, which in turn facilitates employability. This meant that there existed a notable research
gap on what specific challenges faced hospitality graduates, illustrating the possible contribution
made by the dissertation. Making a conclusion, it should be underlined that only the connection
between the young specialists’ developed marketing skills and their willingness to prolong their
current employment at the first work was statistically approved among all hypothetical assumptions.
It is recommended that by investigating each individual hospitality industry branch, the future
researchers of the hospitality industry should assess three stakeholder groups such as the employers,
the employees and the educators who provide services to students. Mokhtar, S.A.; Arifin, N.A.M.;
Rosman, M.R.M.; Abdullah, N.; Fadzil, F.H.; Isa, A.M. The goal of the study, however, was in
verifying the extant theories of employability and their relevance to the UK hospitality industry.
Mokhtar, Siti Aishah, Noor Arina Md Arifin, Mohamad Rahimi Mohamad Rosman, Nurulannisa
Abdullah, Faizal Haini Fadzil, and Azman Mat Isa. A website concept is often thought to be an
afterthought for businesses. Institutional Review Board Statement Not applicable. In order to be
human-readable, please install an RSS reader. Available online: (accessed on 21 April 2012). Hillage,
J.; Pollard, E. Employability: Developing a Framework for Policy Analysis; Research Report. No.
RR85 (London, DfEE); Department for Education and Employment (DfEE): Suffolk, UK, 1998;
Available online::40352 (accessed on 1 May 2012). What's more, EdrawMax is compatible with
Windows, Mac, and Linux. Previous research demonstrated a strong and consistent association
between social support and career adaptability ( Wang and Fu, 2015; Fawehinmi, 2016; Ghosh and
Fouad, 2017 ). These factors were representative of the relevant hospitality management graduates’
skillsets. The implication was that hospitality businesses in the UK were required to recruit more
staff to address consumer demands. Statistical analysis is chosen as the method of data analysis by
applying the linear regression model to the collected graduates’ answers. Relying on the conceptual
framework, the 3 hypotheses are tested with the aid of the linear regression method. The diagram
above shows how consumer satisfaction in internet shopping is affected by several factors. This
analytical tool can be used in different variations and contacts, so it is useful in many fields of work.
Coupled with your technical expertise, you can use a wide range of symbols to draw a detailed
conceptual framework. This constituted another similarity with Wakelin-Theron’s et al. (2018)
research work. The results could have reflected the perceptions of a limited group of employers, thus
questioning their applicability to the hospitality industry in the UK as a whole. Achieving career
success within the first 3 years after graduation was vital for subsequent career development,
meaning that the model of Blokker et al. (2019) was relevant to the study. In addition, the researcher
searched for suitable hospitality management graduates on Instagram and Facebook using hashtags
and industry communities and sent personal messages to these candidates with a link to a
SurveyMonkey (2019) questionnaire form. Moreover, with EdrawMax, users can customize their
diagrams and save their work in multiple formats. At the same time, Blokker et al. (2019) did not
give a clear explanation of career shocks intensity and frequency levels. A conceptual framework is
also a helpful guide for assessing a student's performance in the clinical setting. As a result, they
create literary works in which they analyze and speculate on the interdependence of various aspects
of the world. According to Lisa et al. (2019) investigation, higher education institutions should pay
more attention to practical curricula to bridge the gap between initial workers’ and employers’
perception of employability skills. Mokhtar, S.A.; Arifin, N.A.M.; Rosman, M.R.M.; Abdullah, N.;
Fadzil, F.H.; Isa, A.M. Head to the Template bar and search for conceptual framework in the search
box. High initiative individuals tend to create conditions for themselves, take the initiative to obtain
relevant professional support, formulate their career planning, and pursue career goals they have set (
Bateman and Crant, 1993 ). The evidence from the literature establishes clear benchmarks for
effective mentoring programs for youth. The goal is not simply to document, but also to critically
examine the embedded assumptions behind various models of open collaboration and theories of
change. Graduates’ Competencies and Employability: A Conceptual Framework. Although both are
used interchangeably there are conceptual differences between the two frameworks.