PRE-SCHOOL
PEDIA LEC FINALS
3 to 5 years old
WEIGHT: 4.5lbs/yr
*Slow rate in the growth
*cognitively mabilis ang kanilang development but in terms
sa growth is medyo mabagal*
HEIGHT: 2 to 3.5 inch per year
*4 YEARS OLD: 40 INCHES/40 POUNDS
*Quick way to estimate the Height and Weight of a 4 years
old is 4-40-40
NO NEW TEETH WILL ERUPT
● They shouldn't brush or floss their teeth without the
supervision of a patient
● Fluoride supplement is given if the water is not
fluoridated
(although this is only applicable sa ibang bansa kasi
fluoridated water nila, here in Ph keri na yung toothpaste na
fluoridated)
GENU VALGUS (KNOCK KNEES)
● Their knees tends to inverted to the center or pike
in tagalog is common
● Stronger muscles compare to toddler period
● Lymphatic tissue will grow more that why
preschooler tends to have lesser infection or
localized infection than toddler or infant
(example pag sa toddler nag ngingipin lang nagkakasakit
agad or lalagnatin that's systemic yung effect, while pag
preschool pag sipon lang, sipon lang and that localized
‘cause mas mature na yung lymphatic tissue)
HEART RATE: 70 TO 110
RESPIRATORY RATE: 16 TO 22
EXPLORES ENVIRONMENT
● Characteristics of a preschool is they are cognitively
curious
● One reasons why they are prone to injuries
CURIOUS
● Favorite word is why and how
START SHARING
● Since start palang, we don't expect a preschooler to
share right away
● - They cry not from the pain but also from the sight of
VIVID IMAGINATION
● Cognitively, other characteristics of a
PRESCHOOLER is good imagination, that could also
give then a problem
PLAY: COOPERATIVE/ASSOCIATIVE
IMAGINATIVE/SIMPLE
They love pretend play like pretending they're Doctor or
Teacher etc.
● They don't need to have more toys, kung ano lang
available things na nasa bahay like hanger sinturon
nakakaisip sila ng way to play with it
IMAGINARY PLAYMATES
● Lam niyo na yan inang yan nag sasalita mag isa
ganon kala mo baliw pero imaginary lang yon.
TOYS
- Dress up dolls sa mga girls
- Paints
- Paper, crayons
- Clay
FEARS
● Because of their imagination, they develop fear of
the dark
- Like kunware toys nila sa morning tas pag gabi
iniimagine na monster ganon, baliw ampota. Pero
normal yon sakanila it's because of their vivid
imagination.
INTERVENTION: What should we teach parent if may fear of
the dark
- Monitor possible stimuli for fear, baka kasi
nanonood ng TV shows na nakakatakot or
nakakarinig ng adult discussion na nakakatakot that
could trigger fear
- Burn a dim night-light. Hindi dapat madilim ang
environment ni bebecakes sa gabi
- Reassure that the child is safe and say it was only a
dream. Assurance is the key be
- If it continues to have nightmares everyday, it could
be a reaction to undue stress. Investigate the source
of stress that is common for preschoolers like
missing toys or fear of abandonment.
● BODY MUTILATION
- Child has intense reaction to injury
Ito yung nagasgas lang yung tuhod feeling niya mamamatay
na siya, dito na develop ang pagiging oa. Eme
the injury
INTERVENTION
- Avoid threatening the child about mutilation in
order to discipline
pakyu | 1
- Postpone surgical procedure, unless emergency
- Reassure child and explain in simple term the limits
PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
of healthcare procedures in order for them to feel (FREUD’S THEORY)
safe
*PHALLIC PHASE
DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONE - Center of gratification: Genitals
- Common behavior: masturbation
YR GROSS FINE SOCIALI PLAY - Girls: Penis envy (asking why nakatayo
MOTOR MOTOR ZATION
AND yung playmate niyang lalake umihi
LANGUA ganern)
GE - Boys: Castration complex (asking why do i
3 *Alternat *Undress 900 *able to have penis, i want this thing out)
es feets ess self words take
on stairs
*stacks
turns MAJOR CONFLICT: OEDIPUS/ELECTRA
*Ride tower of *imagina COMPLEX
tricycle blocks tive - Electra complex happens on the
*Stands *draw daughter, daughter unconsciously is
on 1 foot cross attracted to the father, but later on would
4 *Jumps *Simple 1500 *pretend
see that mom and dad are getting well
*skips buttons words ing along with each other. At the end of the
or pag conflict, the daughter will no longer like
boboton
es dad but will like to be like mom.
- Oedipus Complex is like electra lang din,
5 Throws Draws 6 2,100
overhand part man words
Games
with
happens on the Son and, Son to Mother
*lace numbers ang relationship. At the end of the conflict,
shoes and the son won't like mom anymore but would
*handed
ness
letters like to be like dad.
obvious
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PIAGET’S THEORY
(ERIKSON’S THEORY) ● PRE-OPERATIONAL
● Initiative VS. Guilt - Intuitive thought during 4 to 7 y/o
- Task: become purposeful/ directive CENTERING
- Initiative is learn when they realize that ●
- They look at an object and see only one
learning new things is fun characteristic of an object
- Positive resolution of this conflict leads to
a child to be assertive and has initiative. LACK OF CONSERVATION
They take initiative in doing things na ●
- they don't realize that a change in form
pwedeng madala hanggang paglaki, like does not change the amount
hindi pabuhat sa group projects
- Negative resolution of this conflict leads LACK OF REVERSIBILITY
to a child with no self confidence, fear of ●
- Reversibility is the ability to retrace steps
wrongdoing and over restriction of own
activity
2
 ● EGOCENTRIC - Cause is stress
- They are self centered - Parents should deal the cause of stress,
- That's why they could not see the wag pagalitan
perspective of other people
SIBLING RIVALRY
MORAL DEVELOPMENT - Jealousy or Increase jealousy of
(KOHLBERG’S THEORY) brother/sister
- Provide security and increase self esteem
● Pre-conventional - Prepare for a new sibling before the child
- Instrumental relativist Orientation begins to feel the difference
They would do good out of self interest or to get - Preschoolers should not be punished for
reward being jealous but rather dapat buntis
palang yung nanay prini’prepare na yung
NUTRITION preschooler for a new coming baby.
● Food jags BRUXISM OR NIGHT GRINDING
- Tend to eat only certain of food for a particular - A way of letting go to release tensions and
period of time allows falling asleep
- offer nutritious snacks like finger foods - If extensive, the crown of teeth becomes
- small serving to avoid overwhelming abraded.
- Consider the child's preferences - Cause is stress or anxiety
- Food preparation is important
- Make meal time enjoyable
- promote sense of initiative like helping
preparing food
Pre-operational phase
SAFETY Regression
Egocentric
● Prone to accident/injury Sibling rivalry/separation
- Active Cooperative play
- Inquisitive HOW/WHY
- Magical thinking Orientation: instrumentalist/relativist
Oedipus/Electra complex (phallic phase)
● Motor vehicles Let go: Tension=bruxism
- Falls
- Drowning
- Animal bites
- Poisoning
- Burns
- Community safety
PARENTAL CONCERNS
● Regression
- They revert to previously outgrown
behavior
3