Basic Format for a Source Named in Your Text

According to Tan and Vicente (2019), calamity is considered a severe threat to social and
economic development, with a range of both concrete and intangible repercussions.

Basic Format for a Source Not Named in Your Text

House fire victims also experience continuing psychosocial problems that manifest as stress
(Makwana, 2019).

Basic Format for Two Authors

Household fire is a societal problem (Nilson & Bonander, 2019).

Basic Format for Three, Four or Five Authors

Individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) typically experience intrusive
thoughts, urges, or images (Brown, Taylor, & Miller, 2016). As a coping mechanism, they
engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts to alleviate anxiety (Brown et al., 2016).

Basic Format for Six or More Authors

Binswanger, Ingrid A.,. "Health disparities and the criminal justice system: an agenda for further
research and action." Journal of Urban Health 89 (2012): 98-107.

Basic Format for a Corporate, Group or Government Author

The Philippines implemented a scientific 'PDITR' response structure, which stood for prevent,
detect, isolate, treat, and reintegrate. Prevention efforts began with minimum public health
standards (Department of Health [DOH], 2024). Detection was rapidly increased up, and
molecular laboratories capable of performing PCR tests for the SARS-CoV-2 virus became
available across the country. This has kept the number of new cases under control, and the
technology is being repurposed to quickly detect other important diseases such as tuberculosis
and HIV/AIDS (DOH, 2024)

Basic Format for an Unknown Author

Huntingford, G. W. B. (2017). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, by an unknown author: With
some extracts from Agatharkhides' On the Erythraean Sea'. Hakluyt Society.
Basic Format for Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year
Elkind (2007b) asserts that the average child today is forced through social pressure to grow up
too fast.

Basic Format for Two or More Authors with the Same Last Name
While both A. Mitchard (2018) and D. Mitchard (2018) have provided insightful analyses of
economic trends, D. Mitchard distinguishes herself by introducing a novel methodology that
integrates behavioral economics with traditional economic theory, offering a fresh perspective on
consumer decision-making.

Basic Format for Two or More Works Cited Together

Investing in renewable energy sources offers a promising solution to mitigate climate change and
reduce reliance on fossil fuels (Hadler & Kneller, 2018; Lee, 2019).

Basic Format for a Source Cited in Another Source

Hickton proposed that the prevalence of fast food chains correlates with increased obesity rates
among adolescents, as it facilitates unhealthy eating habits (as cited in Patel, 2020).

Basic Format for a Source with No Page Numbers

Samson (2019) investigated the impact of mindfulness meditation on stress reduction among
college students, noting significant improvements in self-reported stress levels (para. 7).

Basic Format for E-mail, Letters, and Other Personal Communication

(S. M. Lepore, personal communication, March 18, 2024)

Basic Format for a Website

The Supreme Court ( https://www.msn.com) stresses need for adherence to rules that all rules
must be adhered to for the orderly administration of justice unless there exists a compelling
reason to deviate from them.
Basic Format for a Book with One Author
Torres, R. (1984). World's best-loved nursery rhymes. Manila, Philippines: RodolfoTorres

Basic Format for a Book with Two Or More Authors

Grosset, & Dunlap, (1963) Black Beauty: The autobiography of a horse. United States of
America: Anna Sewell

Basic Format for a Book with a Corporate or Group Author

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association.

Basic Format for a Book with an Unknown Author

Basic Format for Citing Two or More Books by the Same Author
Bednarik, R. G. (2001). Rock art science: The scientific study of paleoarts. Brepols Publishers.
Bednarik, R. G. (2003a). Concerns in rock art science. Aura Newsletter, 20(1), 1-4.

Basic Format for a Translated Book

Camus, A. (2012). The Outsider (S. Smith, Trans.). Penguin Books Ltd. (Original work
published 1942).

Basic Format for an Edition Other Than the First

Johnson, Sarah. (2020) Introduction to Physics. 5th ed., Academic Press.

Basic Format for a Book with an Author with an Editor

Basic Format for a Work in an Edited Collection or Anthology, Including a Foreword,

Introduction, Preface, or Afterword

Basic Format for a Sacred Text

The Qur'an. Oxford University Press, 2004.

Basic Format for a Dissertation or Thesis

Pflieger, J. C. (2009). Adolescents' parent and peer relations and romantic outcomes in young
adulthood (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global
database. (UMI No. 3371229)

Basic Format for a Book with Two or More Sources By the Same Author in the Same Year

Basic Format for Citing an Article in a Journal

Bisantz, A. & Biserk, B. (2000). Adaptivity and genetic predisposition to temper tantrums.
Misbehavior and Medication, 35(3), 34-48.

Basic Format for Citing an Article in a Magazine

Basic Format for Citing an Article in a Newspaper

Romero, P., & Sy, M. (2018, January 18). Senate Stops Cha Cha Train. The Philippines star, p.
A1.

Basic Format for Citing an Unsigned Article

“Artificial intelligence: The new enabler of financial crime" (2023, February 15). The
Economist, 436(9275), p. 16.

Basic Format for Citing an Editorial

A matter of life [Editorial]. (2001, March 8). The Beacon, p.6.
Basic Format for Citing a Letter to the Editor
Nancy Evans, B. (2002). Afterward: Making After a Frightening Near-Death Experience [Letter
to the Editor]. p.114.

Basic Format for Citing a Review

Basic Format for Citing a Dissertation or Thesis
Basic Format for Citing a Government Publication
Basic Format for Citing a Legal Document
People v. Quimson, 419 Phil. Rep. 28, 33–43 (Oct. 5, 2001).

Basic Format for a Citing a Film or Video Recording

Spielberg, S. (1993). Jurassic Park. Universal Pictures

Basic Format for a Citing a Television or Radio Program

Smith, J. (2022, January 15) The great adventure (Season 2, episode 5) ABC studios.

Basic Format for a Citing a Sound Recording

Beyoncé (2016). Formation on Lemonade. Parkwood Entertainment.

Basic Format for Citing a Web Document

Smith, J. (2020, November 5). How to Cite a Website in APA Style. Scribbr Retrieved from
https://www.Scribbr.com/apa-examples/website

Basic Format for Citing an E-mail Message or Real-Time Communication

Basic Format for Citing a Message Posted to a Newsgroup, Electronic Mailing List, or
Online Discussion Forum
Basic Format for Citing a Blog Post or Comment
Basic Format for Citing a Facebook Post
Basic Format for Citing a Twitter Post
Basic Format for Citing a Podcast
Basic Format for Citing an Online Video
Basic Format for Citing Computer Software or Game

Basic Format for Citing a Cartoon or Comic Strip

Basic Format for Citing Conferences and Meetings

Fistek, A., Jester, E., & Sonnenberg, K. (2017, July 12-15). Everybody's got a little music in
them: Using music therapy to connect, engage, and motivate [Conference session]. Autism
Society National Conference, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
https://asa.confex.com/asa/2017/webprogramarchives/Session9517.html

Basic Format for Citing Data Sets, Software, Measurement Instruments, and Apparatus
Data Set
Ministry for the environment (2016). vulnerable catchments (version 17) [data set].
https:/data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/53523-vulnerable-catchments/
Software
Xerox. (2019). Xero practice manager [computer software]. https:/www.xero.com/nz/feutures-
and-tools/practice-tools/practicemanager
Measurement Instruments
Franzoi, S. L. & Shields. (1982). The body-esteem scale [measurement instrument].
http://www.marquette.edu/psyc/facstaff_franzoi_scale.shtml

Basic Format for Citing an Entry in a Dictionary or an Encyclopedia [Including a Wiki]

McGhee, K., & McKay, G. (2007). insects. In encyclopedia of animals. (p.175). national
geographic society.

Basic Format for Citing a Brochure or Pamphlet

Canadian Ophthalmological Association. (2007). Diabetes and the eye [Brochure].

Basic Format for Citing Unpublished Survey Data

Unpublished Survey Data University of Phoenix. (2023). Unpublished Survey Data.

Basic Format for Citing an Unpublished Letter

Smith, John "Letter to John Doe" 15 Jan 2022. Personal Collection.

Basic Format for Citing a Lecture or Public Address

Smith J. (2023, January 15). The importance of education. Annual Education Conference, New
York City.