.

in
vi
SAMAGRA SHIKSHA

ru
(Secondary)
ila
Thoothukudi District
m
.ta

Remedial Teaching Material

English Book
w

10th Standard
w
w

1
 SAMAGRA SHIKSHA (Secondary) - THOOTHUKUDI DIST

.in
10TH STD REMEDIAL ENGLISH BOOK PREPARATION TEACHERS LIST

Teacher Name
Sl.No. School Name

vi
(Mr./Mrs.)

ru
1 Mr. R.IRVIN COSTA GHS, VENKATRAMANUJAPURAM

2 Mr. S. ANTONY VINCENT GHSS, SIRUTHONDANALLUR

ila
3 Mr. T. ANANTHA RAJ GHSS, PUDUR
m
4 Mr. S. JEYA VEHILAN GHSS, KAYATHAR
.ta

5 Mr. N.YENOK PRABU GHSS, KONGARAYAKURICHI

6 Mr. S.VELKUMARAN ASA G(B)HSS, TIRUCHENDUR

w

7 Mr. L. ANTONY GHSS, THARUVAIKULAM

w

Mr. A.AMAL DUNGSTON

8 GHSS M.THANGAMMALPURAM
FERNANDO
w

2
 w
w
w
.ta
m

3
ila
ru
vi.i
n
 PART – I
Question No – 1-3
Synonyms (15)
 Devour – To eat eagerly

.in
 Swoop – To move quickly
 Intuitively – Instinctively
 Pretend – Profess

vi
 Skippered – To master / To be a Captain
 Anticipate – To expect

ru
 Announced – Declared
 Ascertained – Confirmed
ila
 Grapple - To fight
 Attempt - effort
 Cranky – Strange
m
 Accomplishment – Attainment
 Frail – Weak / Delicate
.ta

 Gnawed – To bite / chew

 Contention – Struggling
Question No (4-6)
w

Antonyms (15)
 Contention x Agreement
w

 Consonance x Agreement
 Anticipate x Doubt
w

 Justify x Convict
 Ability x Disability
 Independent x Dependent

4
  Frightened x fearless
 Contagious x non-contagious
 Appear x Disappear
 Persuade x Dissuade

.in
 Timidly x Bravely
 Justice x Injustice
 Comparable x Incomparable

vi
 Demand x Supply
 Locate x Misplace

ru
Question No. 7
Plural Forms:
ila
 Box – Boxes
 Deer – Deer
 Radius – Radii
m
 Child – Children
 Loaf – Loaves
.ta

 Spectacles – Spectacles
 Knife – Knives
 Teeth – Tooth
w

 Stationery – Stationery
 Gentleman – Gentlemen
w

 Mouthful – Mouthfuls
 Voyage – Voyages
w

 Grocery – Groceries
 Vegetable – Vegetables
 Wood – Woods

5
Singular / Plural
Kf;fpa Fwpg;G
1.’UM’ vd KbAk; singular thh;j;ijapy; me;j ‘um’ I ePf;fptpl;L ‘a’ vd
khw;wp vOjTk;.

.in
Datum – Data
2. ‘is’ vd KbAk; singular thh;j;ijapy; me;j ‘is’ I ePf;fptpl;L ‘es’ vd
khw;wp vOjTk;

vi
Analysis – analyses
3. ‘a’ y; KbtWk; singular thh;j;ijapy; me;j ‘a’ I ePf;fptpl;L ‘ae’ vd

ru
khw;wp vOjTk;
Alga – algae
4. ‘us’ vd KbAk; singular thh;j;ijapy; me;j ‘us’ I ePf;fptpl;L ‘i’ vd
ila
khw;wp vOjTk;
Cactus – Cacti
m
5. “oo” vd singular thh;j;ijapy; te;jhy; me;j ‘oo” I ePf;fptpl;L mjw;F
gjpy; “ee” vd khw;wp vOjTk;
Tooth – Teeth
.ta

6. ‘ex’ y; KbAk; singular thhj;;ijapy; me;j ‘ex’ f;F gjpyhf ‘ices’ vd

khw;wp vOjTk;
Index – Indices
w

7. ‘fe’ y; KbAk; singular thh;j;ijfspy; me;j ‘fe’ I ePf;fptpl;L ‘ves’ vd

khw;wp vOjTk;
w

Knife – Knives
* Nkw;fz;l tpjpfs; midj;Jk; irregular plural f;F kl;LNk. kw;w plural
w

fs; noun cld; ‘s’ my;yJ ‘es’ kl;LNk Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;.

6
Question No. 8

8. PREFIX
 In-deed = Indeed

.in
 Un-Popular = Unpopular
 Em-Power = Empower
 Circum –Navigate = Circumnavigate

vi
 En-Counter = Encounter
 Mal-Nutrition = Malnutrition

ru
 Il-Literate = Illiterate
 Super-Natural = Supernatural
ila
 Dis-Qualification = Disqualification
 Un-controlled = Uncontrolled
m
SUFFIX
 Appoint-ment = Appointment
.ta

 Appear-ance = Appearance
 Plaintive-ly = Plaintively
 Gradual-ly = Gradually
w

 Accomplish-ment = Accomplishment
 Friend-ship = Friendship
w

 Compare-able = Comparable
 Dark-ness = Darkness
w

 Hysteric-al = Hysterical
 Exhibit-ion = Exhibition

7
Question No.9
9.ABBREVIATION / ACRONYMS
 CCTV – Closed Circuit Television
 GPS – Global Positioning System

.in
 AR – Augmented Reality
 IQ – Intelligence Quotient
 KG –Kilogram

vi
 IMF – International Monetary Fund
 INSV – Indian Naval Ship Vessel

ru
 IMD – India Meteorological Department
 GCSE – General Certificate of Secondary Education
ila
 SIM – Subscriber Identity Module
Question No. 10
10.PHRASAL VERB (VERB + PREPOSITION) Text Page 67
m
rhjhuz Verb cld; xU preposition Nrh;j;jhy; me;j verb NtW
nghUs; nfhLf;Fk;. mt;tif verb fs; phrasal verb MFk;.
.ta

1. Get along with – interact /co-exist

2. Workout – Exercise
3. Take off – Depart
w

4. Warm up – To heat
5. Lose out – disadvantage
w

6. Shut down – Close

7. Look after – take care
w

8. Burn off – reduce

9. Keep up – maintain
10. Deal with – handle

8
Question No. 11
11.COMPOUND WORD
,uz;L thh;j;ijfs; ,ize;j nrhy; compound word. mt;thW
,ize;j nrhw;fs; jdpj;jdpNa mh;j;jk; nfhz;bUe;jhYk; ,uz;Lk;

.in
,izAk; NghJ NtW xU nghUs; jUk;.

* cjhuzk; - Radio + Station

vi
1. Income + Tax – Income Tax – Noun + Noun
2. Traffic + Jam – Traffic Jam – Noun + Noun

ru
3. Hair + Cut – Hair Cut – Noun + Verb
4. Walking + Stick – Walking Stick – Gerund + Noun
5. Over + Coat – Over Coat – Preposition + Noun
ila
6. Dry + Cleaning – Dry Cleaning – Verb + Gerund
7. Wall + Clock – Wall Clock – Noun + Noun
m
8. Home + Sick – Home Sick – Noun + Adjective
9. Foot + Ball - Foot Ball – Noun + Noun
10. Play + Back – Play Back - Verb + Preposition
.ta

Question No. 12
12.PREPOSITION
w

xU thf;fpaj;jpy; ,uz;L nrhw;fSf;F ,ilNa cs;s njhlh;ig

Fwpg;gJ Preposition.
w

Preposition Specify Place, direction and time.

Preposition %d;W tifg;gLk; mit>
w

a. Preposition of time
(eg) – in, at, on, for, during, after, from

9
 b. Preposition of place
(eg) – in, on, at, by
c. Preposition of direction
(eg) – about, over, right, left, under

n
i.i
Simple Preposition: in, on, at, for, out, to, till, with, by, from, of,
through, up

v
1. He returned from Maldives yesterday.
2. Miranda and Prospero live in a care

ru
3. Indianapolis were expected home at anytime.
4. Mulan will do her best for china.
ila
5. The ghost got into our house on the night.
6. The young seagull was sitting on the ledge.
7. The name of Nagen’s Tea shop was written on a signboard over the
m
shop
8. Kim introduced me to Dragon Dictate during my school days.
9. I will use the content after getting permission from the author.
.ta

10. Everybody knows about Dr.AP.J.Abdul Kalam.

Question No. 13
13.TENSE FORMS
w

Complete the following sentence using the most appropriate tense form.
w

1. When the slamming of the doors __________________ mother, she

peered out of her room.
w

a. will arouse b. arouse c. had aroused d. arousing

10
 Perfect
Tense Simple Continuous Perfect
Continuous
Subject +
Subject + Subject + ‘b’ Subject + has/have +
Verb verb + Present has/have + Past been +

n
Present Participle Participle present
participle
She Sings She is Singing She has Sung She has been

i.i
singing
Subject + Subject + ‘be’ Subject + had + Subject + had
Verb Verb (Past past participle + been +

v
Tense) + Present Present
Past
Participle Participle

ru
She had been
She sang She was singing She had sung singing
Sub + will be/ Sub + will
Subject + Sub + will have /
shall be + have been /
will/shall +
ila shall have + past
Present shall have
simple participle
participle been +
Future form of the
present
main verb
participle
m
She will be She will have
She will sing She will have sung
singing been singing
.ta

EXERCISES

1. Sheeba ____________ (move) to a new house next week.

w

2. It ____________ (rain) outside now.

3. I ____________ (go) to her place on foot everyday.
w

4. We all ____________ (sing) in the choir last week.

5. She ____________ (leave) this evening.
w

6. James Grover Thurber ____________ (work) as a cartoonist during

his time.
7. Sumithra ____________ (learn) English nowadays.
11
 8. They ____________ (paint) the room just now.
9. We ____________ (sing) since morning.
10. He ____________ (request) the manager for a week leave before I
reached the office.

.in
ANSWERS:
1.is moving 2.is raining 3.go 4. Sang 5. is leaving 6. Was working

vi
7. is learning 8.have painted 9.have been singing 10.had requested

ru
Question No. 14
14. LINKERS
ila
 Linkers vd;gJ xU ,izg;Gr; nrhy;> nrhw;nwhlh;fis ,izf;f
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
 And, also Mfpait $Ljy; jfty;fis (information) Nrh;f;f
m
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
 Since, because Mfpait NtWghl;ilf;fhl;l gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
 So, hence Mfpait tpisTfisf; fhl;l gad;gLfpwJ.
.ta

 Or, otherwise Mfpait tpUg;gk; kw;Wk; njhpTfis (choice)

ntspg;gLj;j gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
 Additional Linkers: although, as soon as, as long as, when, while if
w

unless, inspite of.

Exercises:
w

1. ____________ he was honest, he was punished (though, also)

2. It is raining ____________ you will get drenched if you get out (so,
w

but)
3. Both the ministers ____________ the officers visited the affected
area’s (and, since)
12
 4. The child was ill, ____________ he was admitted to the hospital.
(although, so)
5. ____________ you work hard, you cannot score high marks
(otherwise, unless)

.in
6. ____________ he is ninety years old, he is in the pink of health
(when, since, though)
7. ____________ Sita saw a snake, she ran away at once (as soon as,

vi
otherwise)
8. Yusuf was running high temperature _________ he would have taken

ru
part in the competition (otherwise, as long as)
9. ____________ the boat was old, it had minor leaks and repairs
(hence, since)
ila
10. We got down from the car ____________ stood in front of the
gate (though, and)
m

Question No. 15-18

PART - II
.ta

1. HIS FIRST FLIGHT

1. Why did the seagull fail to fly? (or) How was the young seagull’s first
w

attempt to fly?
He was afraid to fly
w

2. What was the first catch of the young seagull’s older brother?
Herring fish was the first catch of the young seagull’s older
w

brother.
3. What made the young seagull go mad?
The sight of the food made the young seagull go mad.
13
 4. Did the mother bird offer any food to the young bird?
No, the mother did not offer any food to the young bird.
5. What prompted the young seagull to fly finally?
The sight of the food maddened him and he dived at the fish.

.in
This prompted the young seagull to fly finally.

2. THE NIGHT THE GHOST GOT IN

vi
1.What did the narrator think the unusual sound was?

ru
The narrator thought that the unusual sound was the footsteps
of his father and brother.
ila
2. Who were the narrator’s neighbours?
Bodwell and his wife were the narrator’s neighbours.
3. How did the Bodwells react, when a shoe was thrown into their
m
house?
The Bodwell was shouting and frothing when a shoe was
thrown into their house.
.ta

4. What did the Bodwells think when they heard the mother shout?
At first the Bodwells thought that the burglars were in their
house.
w

5. What woke up the mother?

The slamming of the doors woke up the mother.
w

6. How did the cops manage to enter the locked house?

The cops managed to enter the locked house by broke the
w

door.

14
3. EMPOWERED WOMEN NAVIGATING THE WORLD

1.Which quality of the skipper helped to bring out a successful

expedition?

n
The quality of honesty helped to bring out a successful

i.i
expedition.
2. Which skill was considered important in the selection process?

v
Little survival skills were considered important in the selection
process.

ru
3. How did the crew members work as a team to make their expedition
successful?
ila
As a team, the crew members discussed solving a problem and
choose the best one.
4. Who mentored the crew?
m
Commander Dilip Donde mentored the crew.
5. What challenging tasks did the team face during their voyage?
Managing storm and mending the things broken down, the
.ta

team faced during their voyage.

4. THE ATTIC
w

1.How was the landscape through which they travelled?

w

The landscape was spotted with paddy fields.

2. Where was Nagen uncle’s shop?
w

Nagen uncle’s shop was next to a grocery shop .

3. What did Aditya Visit?
Aditya visited his old school.
15
 4. Why was the attic a favourite place for the children?
Because, the children seemed to be in a world of their own.
5. Why did Sanyal recite the poem in the tea shop earlier?
Sanyal recited the poem to make Aditya recognize him.

n
i.i
5. TECH BLOOMERS
1.What is the future of technology?

v
In future, all the machines and gadgets will be automated
making life a lot easier.

ru
2. How many people in India suffer with disability?
2.21% people in India suffer with disability.
3. How does kim help Alisha?
ila
Kim helps Alisha by introducing Dragon Dictate Software.
4. What are the benefits of the internet to the common man?
m
The internet allows the users to get access to all sorts of
information.
5. How would you help the people with disabilities in your
.ta

neighbourhood?
I would introduce them to new technologies that are guaranteed
to transform their lives.
w

6. THE LAST LESSON

w

1.What kind of news was usually put up on the bulletin board?

All the bad news were usually put up on the bulletin board.
w

2. Why did M.Hamel say it was the last French Lesson?

M.Hamel said that it was the last French lesson because they
would teach only German in the schools from the next day.
16
 3. What did M.Hamel say about the French language?
M.Hamel said that the French language was the most beautiful
language in the world.
4. Why does M.Hamel say that we must guard our language?

.in
M.Hamel says that we must guard our language because when
people are enslaved, their language works as a key to release
them.

vi
5. When and how did M.Hamel bid farewell to the class?
When the Church clock struck 12 M.Hamel wrote “Vive La

ru
France” and bid farewell the class.
7. THE DYING DETECTIVE
ila
1.How did Watson feel when he heard of Holmes illness?
Watson felt horrified, when he heard of Holmes illness.
2. Why didn’t the landlady call the doctor?
m
The landlady did not call the doctor because Holmes would not
allow her to bring one.
3. What were the instructions given by Holmes to Watson?
.ta

And
What instruction did Homes give Watson to get Mr.Smith?
Holmes asked Watson to tell Smith that he was dying. He
w

asked him to plea Smith to save him.

4. Why didn’t Holmes let Watson examine him?
w

Holmes didn’t let Watson examine him because he was acting

as if he was suffering from a contagious disease.
w

5. Why did Holmes want Smith to treat him?

Holmes wanted Smith to treat him because only he knew the
disease.
17
Question No. 19-22
SECTION II
1. LIFE
1.Whome does the word “me” refer to?

.in
The word me refer to the poet.
2. What kind of life does the poet want to lead?
The poet wants to lead a joyful life.

vi
3. What is meant by “toll”?
"Toll" means tax.

ru
4. What is forward face?
Forward face is a face with a smile.
ila
5. What is meant by “unreluctant soul”?
Unreluctant means willing soul.
m
2. THE GRUMBLE FAMILY
1.Where does the family give?
The family lives on complaining street.
.ta

2. What does the word “growl” mean here?

Growl means “make a low sound”.
3. What does the poet expect everyone to learn?
w

The poet expects everyone to learn to walk with a smile.

4. What is the opinion about the folks you meet down the street?
w

The folks we meet down the street are always complaining about one
another.
w

5. What does the word “gloom” mean here?

The word gloom means depressing.

18
 3. I AM EVERY WOMAN
1.What does the word summer mean here?
Summer means difficulties in women’s life.
2. What does she mean by “spring will come again”?

.in
It means good time of life will come again.
3. What do the words thaw and saw mean here?
Thaw and saw means tackle and deal with cruelty.

vi
4. What is the tone of the author?
The tone of the author is angry.

ru
5. How should a woman be treated?
Woman should be treated with love and respect.
ila
4. THE ANT AND THE CRICKET
1.Name of the seasons mentioned here?
m
Spring and summer.
2.Who does “he” refer to?
“He” refers to the cricket.
.ta

3. Who does “I” refer to?

“I” refer to the cricket.
4.Who says there lines to whom?
w

The ant says to the cricket.

w

5. THE SECRET OF THE MACHINES

1.Who does ‘we’ refers to first stanza?
w

‘We’ refers to the machines.

2. Who are the speakers and listeners of this poem?
Machines are the speakers and men are the listeners.
19
3. What metals are obtained from ores and mines?
Iron, Gold, Zink, Copper
4. Who does the pronoun ‘You’ refer to here?
The pronoun ‘You’ refers to the human being.

.in
5. Whose child is a machine?
The machine is the child of the human brain.

vi
6. NO MEN ARE FOREIGN

ru
1.What is found beneath all uniforms?
A single body is found beneath all uniforms.
ila
2. Mention the season referred here?
The season mentioned here is winter.
3. Who does ‘their’ refer to?
m
“Their” refers to men from different countries.
4. Who tells us to hate our brothers?
Our leaders tell us to hate our brothers.
.ta

5. Who are not foreign?

People of other countries are not foreign.
w

7.THE HOUSE ON ELM STREET

w

1.What does ‘it’ refer to?

‘It’ refers to the mysterious house.
w

2.To whom does ‘I’ refer to?

‘I’ refers to the poet.

20
3. In what way, the tree is a mystery?
Usually tree has leaves, but this tree is without leaves in all the
seasons.
4. What is the mystery about the house?

.in
There is no sign of life inside the house.

Question No.23

vi
23. Active Voice & Passive Voice

ru
Active Voice:
In Active voice subject is the doer of the action.
Passive Voice:
ila
In passive voice subject is the sufferer of the action.
Basic rules for changing Active Voices into Passive Voices:
m

1. The places of the subject and object will interchange.

Sentence y; cs;s subject kw;Wk; object I ,lk; khw;w Ntz;Lk;.
.ta

2. Only past participle form (or) IIIrd form of verb will be used as main verb
in passive voice,
Sentence y; cs;s "Main verb" I "V3" form y; vOjNtz;Lk;.
w

3. The word "by" will be used before object in the passive voice.
Passive voice y; cs;s object f;F Kd;ghf "by" vd;w preposition
w

,lNtz;Lk;.
4. Auxiliary Verb will be changed in passive voice depending upon the
w

tense of the sentence in its Active Voice.

Passive Voice y; vOJk; NghJ Active Voice d; verb y; cs;s "Tense"
f;F jFe;j "Auxiliary Verb" I "Main Verb" f;F Kd;ghf vOj Ntz;Lk;.
21
Example:
i. You are making a cake now (AV)
S V O A
A cake is being made by you now (PV)

.in
AV V3
ii. Interrogatives
2. Have you invited Raman to the Partly?

vi
AV S MV O A
Step 1  You have invited Raman to the party

ru
S V O A
Step 2  Raman has been invited by you to the party.
V
ila
Step 3  Has Raman been invited by you to the party?
(P.V)
m
(3). Did he write a letter? (A.V)
V S V O
Step 1  He (did + write) a letter
.ta

Step 2  He wrote a letter

S V O
w

Step 3  A letter was written by him

w

A.V M.V
Step 4  Was a letter written by him? (P.V)
w

22
 VOICE
Imperative Sentence:
Passive Form

.in
(i) Let + object + be + Past Participle (V3)
Example: Open the door (A.V)
V O

vi
Let the door be opened (P.V)
(ii) Negative

ru
Let + object + not + be + Past participle (V3)
Do not beat the dog (A.V)
V V
ila
O
Let the dog not be beaten (P.V)
m
Verb Form

Tense Active Voice Passive Voice

.ta

Present V1/V1 S(es) Am/is/are + V3

Past V2 Was/were +V3
Future Shall / will + V1 Shall be/ will be + V3
w

Present Continuous am/is/are +V +ing Am/is/are + being + V3

Past Continuous Was/were+V+ing Was/were +being +V3
w

Present Perfect Has/have+V3 Has/have + been +V3

Past Perfect Had +V3 Had been + V3
w

Future Perfect Shall/will + have + V3 Shall/will + have been + V3

23
Exercise:
1. The manager appointed many office assistants
Many office assistants were appointed by the manager.
2. That portrait was painted by my grandmother

.in
My grandmother painted that portrait
3. Malini had bought a colourful hat for her daughter
A colourful hat had been bought by Malini for her daughter.

vi
4. They have asked me to pay the fine
I have been asked by them to pay the fine.

ru
5. The militants were being taken to prison by the police
The police were taking the militants to prison
6. His behavior vexes me
ila
I am vexed by his behavior
7. Rosy will solve the problem
m
The problem will be solved by Rosy.
8. Our army has defeated the enemy
The enemy has been defeated by our army
.ta

9. The salesman answered all the question patiently

All the questions were answered by the salesman patiently.
10. Please call him at once
w

(i) You are requested to call him at once

(or)
w

(ii) Let he be called at once

11. How did you cross the river?
w

How was the river crossed by you?

12. Will you help me?
Will I be helped by you?
24
13. Why have you left your brother at home?
Why has your brother been left at home?
14. When will you book the tickets to Bangaluru?
When will the tickets be booked to Banagaluru?

n
i.i
Question No.24
24.Direct and Indirect speech

v
Method:
,t;tpdh 2 Kiwfspy; Nfl;fg;glyhk;.

ru
1. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Neh;$w;W thf;fpaj;ij (Direct Speech) maw;$w;W
thf;fpakhf khw;w Ntz;Lk; (Indirect Speech) my;yJ Indirect Speech
ila
Mf ,Ue;jhy; Direct Speech Mf khw;w Ntz;Lk;.

Tips:
m
1. Kjypy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Sentence ve;j tifia rhh;e;jJ vd
fz;lwpaNtz;Lk;.
.ta

2. gpd;G Sentence d; gFjpfis fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sthW gphpj;J ghh;f;f

Ntz;Lk;.
3. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s 7 gbfisAk; xt;nthd;whf nray;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;.
w

4. Diaglogue nfhLj;jpUe;jhy; NgRgth; ahh;> Nfl;gth; ahh; vd;W ed;F

Ghpe;J nfhz;L Speech khw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
w

 xUth; $Wtij mth; nrhy;YtJ NghyNt jpUg;gpr; nrhd;dhy; mJ

w

Direct Speech.
 xUth; $Wtij khw;wp ehk; $WtJ Nghy; $wpdhy; mJ Indirect
Speech
25
  gpd;tUk; tpjpKiwfis gpd;gw;wp Direct Speech I Indirect Speech
Mf khw;w Ntz;Lk;

Direct to Indirect (tpjpKiwfs;)

n
Direct Speech

i.i
The message of the speaker is reported in his own actual words.
Mala said. "I am very well now"

v
Indirect speech:

ru
The message of the speaker is reported in our own words.
Mala said that she was very well then.
ila
How to change the Direct Speech to Indirect Speech?
1. At first identify the reporting part and reported part in Direct Speech.
m
Suresh said, "I draw the picture'.

Reporting part Reported Part

.ta

2. Reporting part y; cs;s verb Mit simple past tense(v2) Mf ,Ue;jhy;

Reported Part y; cs;s verb d; Tense ia jFe;jthW khw;w Ntz;Lk;.
3. Reported part y; Universal Truth cyf cz;ik ,Ue;jhy; Reporting
w

part y; cs;s verb MdJ simple past tense (v2) Mf ,Ue;jhYk; Reported
part d; verb ia khw;wf; $lhJ.
w

4. Reported part y; I, we, my, our, mine, us, Mfpait ,Ue;jhy; Reporting
part y; cs;s speaker I Fwpf;Fk;.
w

5. Reported part y; you, your, ,Ue;jhy; Reporting part y; cs;s listener I

Fwpf;Fk;.

26
 Tense change in Reported part
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense
Simple Past Tense Past Perfect Tense

n
Present continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense

i.i
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Past Perfect Past Perfect

v
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect continuous
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

ru
Can - Could
May - Might
Shall - Should
ila
Will - Would
Must - Has to
Change of Time and Place
m
Direct Indirect
Now Then
.ta

Here There
Ago Before
Thus So
w

Today That day

Tomorrow The next day
w

These Those
Next week/ month/ year Following week/ month / year
w

Yesterday The day before

Tomorrow The following day
This That

27
 25. PUNCTUATION

Punctuation xU sentence I rhpahd nghUspy; Ghpa cjTk;.

1. Full Stop (.) 2. Comma (,) 3. Semi colon (;)

.in
4. Colon (:) 5. Question Mark (?) 6. Exclamatory Mark (!)
7. Quotation Mark (" ") 8. Apostrophe (') 9. Hyphen (-)
10. Paranthesis [ () ] 11. Dash (-) 12 Capital Letters (A,B,C,D)

vi
,e;j gapw;rpapy; XU sentence y; mjw;Fhpa epWj;jw; FwpaPLfSk;>

ru
Capital Letters k; ,y;yhky; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Njitahd FwpaPLfis
,l;L rhpahd Sentence I vOj Ntz;Lk;.
ila
 Sentence d; Kjy; vOj;J> ngah; kw;Wk; Ch; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F Capital
Letter vOjTk;.
m
 i vd jdpahf te;jhy; mjid Capital Letter "I" Mf khw;wp vOjTk;.
 im, ive, id vd te;jhy; I'm, I've, I'd vd khw;wTk;.
 flTis Fwpf;Fk; nrhw;fs; (God, Lord, He) te;jhy; Capital Letter
.ta

cgNahfpf;fTk;.
 Direct Speech tUk; NghJ [ " " ] cgNahfpf;fTk;.
 Said, Said to te;J that tutpy;iy vd;why; [" "] cgNahfpf;fTk;
w

(Quotation Mark)
 ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l nghUs;fisf; Fwpf;fk; NghJ (,)
w

(comma) cgNahfpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

 tpdh thf;fpak; vd;why (Interrogative Sentence) vd;why; (?)
w

cgNahfpf;fTk;> czh;r;rp thf;fpak; vd;why; (!) cgNahfpf;fTk;>

rhjhuz thf;fpaj;jpw;F (Statement) (.) Full stop cgNahfpf;fTk;.

28
Examples:
1. ariel said O my young gentleman.
Ans: Ariel said, "O my young gentleman".
2. a zigzag way id call it wouldn’t you.

.in
Ans: Zigzag way, I'd call it, wouldn’t you?
3. the old man said to ravi, "what a beautiful tree it is"!
Ans: The oldman said to Ravi, "What a beautiful tree it is!"

vi
4. oh honorable mother your kindness breaks my heart.
Ans: Oh , honorable mother, your kindness breaks my heart!

ru
5. alas alas cried the farmer the truth must be told
Ans: "Alas! Alas!" cried the farmer, "The truth must be told!"
ila
6. i shall really have discovered the absolute.
Ans: 'I shall really have discovered the absolute'.
7. i'll stand it somehow he thought.
m
Ans: "I'll stand it somehow," he thought.
8. you will have to pay for my funeral.
Ans: "You will have to pay for my funeral".
.ta

SECTION - III
26. SIMPLE, COMPLEX AND COMPOUND
w

Simple Sentence: (rhjhuz thf;fpak;)

w

A simple sentence consits of only one finite verb. ,jpy; xNu xU

w

tpidr;nrhy; kl;Lk; ,Uf;Fk;.

Example: On seeing the teacher, the children stood up.

29
 Complex sentence (rpf;fyhd $l;L thf;fpak;)

A complex sentence has one main clause and one or more

subordinate clauses. ,q;F xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l tpidr;nrhw;fs; ,Uf;Fk;.

.in
Mdhy; thf;fpaq;fisg; gphpj;jhy; jdpj;jdp nghUs; juhJ.
Example: As soon as the children saw the teacher, they stood up.
SC MC

vi
Compound Sentence: (rhjhuz $l;L thf;fpak;)

ru
A Compound sentence has two main clauses combined by a
coordinating conjuction. ,q;F cs;s thf;fpaq;fisg; gphpj;jhy; jdpj;jdp
nghUs; jUk;.
ila
Example: The children saw the teacher and they stood up.
MC MC
m
Conjunction
Key words for Simple, Complex and Compound Sentences
S.no Simple Complex Compound
.ta

1 Condition & In the event of If ….. can/will …. then only

Possibility your…
Condition & In case of not …/ Unless Must/should…. Or
Negative without / otherwise/or else
w

Possibility
2 Cause & Being/ as a result of As / since / And / so / and so /
w

Effect / because of / on because therefore / hence

account of / owing to
/ due to
w

3 Cause & Inspite of + verb + Though / Although But / yet/ still

Negative ing / despite + noun / Even though
effect

30
4 Condition & Too …. To So…that… Very… and so…
Negative can/could not can/could not
Result
5 Time (on) verb + ing When / as soon as And / and at once
6 Time Having …. After And then

.in
7 Addition Besides … + verb + …not only… but …and …. / .. as
ing also … well as…

vi
Exercises:

ru
1. On seeing the teacher, the children stood up. (into complex)
As soon as the children saw the teacher, they stood up.
2. At the age of six, Varsha started learning music. (into complex)
ila
Varsha started learning music when she was six.
3. As Varun is a voracious reader, he buys a lot of books. (into simple)
Being a voracious reader, Varun buys a lot of books.
m
4. Walk carefully lest you should fall down. (into complex)
If you don’t walk carefully, you will fall down.
.ta

5. Besides being a dancer, she is a singer. (into compound)

She is not only a dancer but also a singer.
6. He is sick but he attends the rehearsal. (into simple)
w

Inspite of his sickness, he attends the rehearsal.

7. If Meena reads more, she will become proficient in the language. (into
w

compound)
Meena must read more or she won't became proficient in the
w

language.
8. He confessed that he was guilty. (into simple)
He confessed his guilt.

31
9. The boy could not attend the special classes due to his mother's illness.
(into compound)
His mother was ill and so the boy could not attend the special
classes.

.in
10. He followed my suggestion. (into complex)
He followed what I suggested.

vi
27. REARRANGE WORDS TO MAKE MEANINGFUL SENTENCE

ru
,e;j tpdhtpd; Nehf;fNk khzth;fs; ,izg;Gr; nrhw;fs;
(Conjuction) gw;wp njhpe;J nfhs;sTk;> gad;gLj;jTk; kw;Wk; ,lk; khw;wp
ila
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s nrhw;nwhlh;fis rhpnra;J mh;j;jKs;s thf;fpaq;fshf
khw;Wtjw;fhfTk;.
m
when, though, although, since, until, if, unless, while, neither, either -
,e;j thh;j;ijfs; te;jhy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l Nfs;tpapypUe;J> me;j gFjpia
Kjypy; vOj Ntz;Lk;.
.ta

and, or, for, but, as well as, but also, than - ,e;j thh;j;ijfs; te;jhy;
me;j gFjpia eLtpy; vOj Ntz;Lk;.
w

 Kjypy; ngah;r;nrhy; (noun) tpidr;nrhy; (verb) fz;Lgpbf;f

w

Ntz;Lk;.
 thf;fpakhdJ SVO pattern y; mike;Js;sjh vd;gij cWjp nra;a
w

Ntz;Lk;.
 Pronoun - fshfpa I, We, He, She, It, They te;jhy; mjid Kjypy;
$wpa Conjunction f;F mLj;J Njh;T nra;tJ Kf;fpak;.

32
  Pronoun fSf;F mLj;jjhf tpidr;nrhy;iy Njh;T nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
 thh;j;ijfis ,lk; khw;wp mikj;jg; gpd;dh; mjd; mikg;G rhpahf
cs;sjh vd;gij thrpj;Jg; ghh;j;J mh;j;jj;ijf; nfhz;L cWjp
nra;J nfhs;sTk;.

n
Exercises:

i.i
1. as/ i/ healthy/ are/ you/ am/ as.

v
I am as healthy as you are.

ru
2. Your/ today/ put on/ new/ since/ is/ birthday/ dress/ the.
Since today is your birthday, put on the new dress.
3. allergic/ dogs/ Rani/ though/ is/ to/ of/ six/ she/ them/ has.
ila
Though Rani is allergic to dogs, she has six of them.
4. speaks/ Ruben/ besides/ German/ languages/ two.
m
Ruben speaks two languages besides German.
5. loan/ apply/ you/ it/ for/ you/ a/ get/ will/ immediately/ if.
If you apply for a loan, you will get it immediately.
.ta

28. ROAD MAP

w

1. Kjypy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Nfs;tpia ed;whf gbj;J ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;.

2. ,uz;lhtjhf ve;j ,lj;jpw;F ePq;fs; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;gij
w

Nfs;tpapy; ed;F gbj;J Ghpe;J nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

3. You are here vd;w thh;j;ij vq;f ,Uf;fpwNjh mq;F jhd; ePq;fs;
w

,Ug;gjhf mh;j;jk; vdNt mq;fpUe;J ePq;fs; topfhl;l Ntz;Lk;

33
vOJk; Kiw
1. Go Straight - Neuhf nry;yTk;
2. Turn Right - tyg;gf;fk; jpUk;gTk;
3. Turn Left - ,lg;gf;fk; jpUk;gTk;

.in
4. Walk past the - fle;J nry;yTk;
5. You will see the -
6. ,Wjpahf You can reach _____________

vi
Exercise:
A Stranger want to visit the Abirami Textile. Write the steps to guide

ru
him to reach the destination. ila
Hotel

Abirami Textile
Temple
m
Park

Main Road
.ta

You are here

Answer:
 Go Straight
w

 Turn Right
 Walk past the Hotel
w

 You can reach the Abirami Textile

w

34
 PART – III
Question No. 29-32
Section - I
Prose Paragraphs

.in
UNIT – I
Lesson:1
HIS FIRST FLIGHT, liam O” Flaherty

vi
The young seagull was afraid of flying
The parents motivated the bird to fly.

ru
The bird was not ready to fly.
It was very hungry
ila
The mother showed a fish and made the bird to dive.
The bird started to fly in the sky.
The seagull learnt the art of flying.
m

UNIT – II
Lesson :2
.ta

THE NIGHT THE GHOST GOT IN, JAMES GROVER THURBER

 The narrator heard a footstep.

w

 He thought it was a ghost.

 He woke his brother up.
w

 His brother slammed the door.

 The mother woke up on hearing the sound.
w

 It made a great confusion.

 Cops also came and left without any clue.
 Finally, known that it was grandpa.
35
 UNIT – III
Lesson:3
EMPOWERED WOMEN NAVIGATING THE WORLD
 Navika sagar parikrama was a project.

n
 It was undertaken to empower women.

i.i
 It was initiated in the Navy for Nari Sakthi.
 Six women were sailed in INSV Tarini.

v
 They finished it within 254 days.
 Vartika was the head of the team.

ru
 It was the great voyage to empower women.
ila
Question No. 33-34
POEM PARAGRAPHS
UNIT – I
m
POEM: Life
POET: Henry Van Dyke
.ta

Life is an experience.
Don’t worry about the past and future.
The path may be smooth or hard.
Live in the Present.
w

Live with Courage.

Lead life with a smile.
w

Have faith in life.

It will be the best.
w

LEAD OUR JOURNEY WITH JOY

36
UNIT – II
POEM: The grumble family
POET: Lucy Maud Montgomery
 A family lives in the complaining street.

.in
 They growl for everything.
 They are not happy with anything in life.
 Hot or Cold, they always grumble.

vi
 Winter or summer, they always grumble.
 It is wise to stay away from them.

ru
LIVE LIFE WITH A SMILE AND SONG
ila
UNIT – III
m
POEM: I am every woman
POET: Rakhi Nariani Shirke
.ta

 Women are brave and strong.

 They work tirelessly.
 They can solve problems.
w

 They don’t give up.

 They have overcome bad days.
w

 They teach moral to the society.

 They should be loved and respected.
w

WOMEN CAN DO WONDERS

37
Question No.35
Poetic Devices
Rhyming words:
ghlypd; xt;nthU thpapYk; ,Wjpahf xNu rg;j xypapy; tUk;

.in
thh;j;ijfs;

Example:

vi
The weather is always too hot or cold
Summer and winter alike they scold

ru
Nothing goes right with the folks you meet
Down on that gloomy complaining street
ila
Rhyming words
Cold – Scold
m
Meet – Street
Rhyme Scheme
ghlypd; xt;nthU thpapYk; ,Wjpahf xNu rg;j xypapy; tUk;
.ta

thh;j;ijfs; mikg;G
Let me but live my life from year to year,
With forward face and unreluctant soul;
w

Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;

Not meaning for the things that disappear.
w

Rhyming Scheme:
w

Abba

38
Alliteration:
Kjy; vOj;Jfs; xd;whf ,Uf;Fk; thh;j;ijfs; (a, e, i, o, u) jtpu.
With forward face and unreluctant soul;
Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;

.in
Alliterated words:
1st Line: forward – face
2nd Line: not – nor

vi
Figure of speech Lines

ru
 Still seeking what I sought when but a boy.
 We are nothing more than children of your brain.
Simile
ila
 Their hand are ours. (mth;fs; iffs; vq;fs;
iffs; Nghy)
 Remember they have eyes like ours that wake.
m
 New friendship, high adventure, and a crown.
 She’s a lioness; don’t mess with her.
Metaphor
.ta

 A labour not different from our own

 Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence
 From what the future veils; but with a whole
w

 The river of Discontent beside

Personification  Away he set off to miserly ant, to see if, to
w

 We can neither love nor pity not forgive.

 We can pull and haul and push and lift and drive.
w

Oxymoron  To youth and age, and travels on with cheer.

,uz;L  O’er rough or smooth the journey will be joy.
vjph;r;nrhy;fs;  And whether their station be high or humble.

39
Kuz;gl;l  The weather is always too hot or cold; Summer
fUj;Jfs; and winter alike they scold.
mUfUNf tUkhW  She’s real, she’s not fake.
mikf;fg;gLtJ.
 That I sang day and night.

.in
 But we ants never borrow; we ants never lend.
 Though our smoke may hide the Heavens from
your eyes,

vi
It will vanish and the stars will shine again.
 Lights flicker on and off.

ru
 It just sits there, never getting small or ever
growing tall.
ila
 Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal; Not
Anaphora
mourning for the things that disappear.
 They’d growl that they’d nothing to grumble
m
Repetition
about.
Epithet  They life it is said, on complaining street.
.ta

Transferred  Are fed by peaceful harvests, by wars long winter

Epithet starv’d.
 She knows how to thaw you, saw you – so
w

beware.
 Says she Despite the sighs and groans and
w

moans.
 Some water, coal, and oil is all we ask.
w

Assonance  Though our smoke may hide the heavens from

your eyes.
 Lights flicker on and off.

40
Question No.36

Poem Paraphrase
This stanza is taken from the poem ______ which is written by _____. The

.in
central theme of the poem is “__________________”
(Any relevant one)

vi
Poem 1: Lead life with a smile.
Poem 2: Lead life with a smile and song.

ru
Poem 3: Woman can do wonders.
Poem 4: Importance of hard work
ila
Poem 5: Human brain is the best
Poem 6: Universal brotherhood
Poem 7: mystery of the house.
m
(Poem Paragraph y; gbj;j VNjDk; 3 thpfis vOjyhk;)
This stanza is the heart and soul of the poem. It expresses the feelings
and emotion of the poet. This particular stanza is enough to show the
.ta

mastery of the poet.

Section - III
Question No.37
w

(Fwpg;G Nfs;tp vz; 37 kw;Wk; Nfs;tp vz; 38 y; Nfs;tp vz; 38 Reading

Comprehension–I Njh;e;njLf;f Ntz;Lk;)
w

Coherent Order
nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ghlj;jpd; fij> njhlh; thpirapy; ,y;yhky;
w

Kd; gpd;dhf mike;jpUf;Fk;. fijapd; nghUs; czh;e;J>

nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; thf;fpaq;fis thpirf;fpukkhf> njhlh;r;rp khwhky;
vOj Ntz;Lk;.

41
Rearrange the following sentences in coherent order
i. Prospero forgave everyone.
ii. Prospero and Miranda lived in an island.
iii. The crew members landed in different parts of the island.

.in
iv. He created the storm and enemy ship wreck.
v. Antonio repented for his misdeeds.
Answer

vi
i. Prospero and Miranda lived in an island.
ii. He created a storm and made the enemy ship wreck.

ru
iii. The crew members landed in different parts of the island.
iv. Antonio repented for his misdeeds.
v.
ila
Prospero forgave everyone.

Question No.38
m
Comprehension
 nfhLf;fg;gl;l Supplementary gj;jpia ed;F gbj;Jg; Ghpe;J
nfhs;sTk;.
.ta

 gj;jpf;F fPo; nfhLf;fg;gl;l Nfs;tpfis thrpj;J Ghpe;J nfhs;sTk;.

 Nfs;tpfspy; cs;s Kf;fpakhd thh;j;ijfisf; nfhz;L gj;jpapy;>
gjpy; cs;s thf;fpaj;ij fz;lwpe;J KO thf;fpakhf gjpy;
w

vOjTk;.
Why – Vd; Where – vq;Nf
w

What – vd;d Who – ahh;

When – vg;nghOJ How – vg;gb
w

How Many – vj;jid How much – vt;tsT

How long – vt;tsT Neuk; How far – vt;tsT J}uk;
Whose – ahUila What happened – vd;d ele;jJ.
42
Example:

Read the passage and answer the questions given below:

Six days passed. Six frantic days of checking their e-mail day and

.in
night. Six torturous days of having the deafeningly loud
KNGRRDRRWHEEZE resound in their home, most nerve wrackingly.
Maya complained that she heard a permanent rumbling sound in her ears

vi
even when she was miles away from home and that her ears ached all the
time. Arvind confessed that, for the first time in his life, he was actually

ru
looking forward to going to school considering it was as calm as a
monastery compared to their house. Mrs.Krishnan had lost interest in
painting.
ila
QUESTIONS:
m
1. How many days passed?
2. What did they check?
3. Who made the sound?
.ta

4. Who did complain?

5. What happened to Mrs.Krishnan?
w

ANSWERS
1. Six days passed.
w

2. They checked the e-mail.

3. The bird Zigzag made the sound.
w

4. Maya complained.
5. Mrs.Krishnan had lost interest in painting.

43
Question No. 39

ADVERTISEMENT

.in
nfhLf;fg;gl;l jfty;fisf; nfhz;L tpsk;guk; jahhpj;jy;
Prepare an advertisement on the information given below.

vi
 tpsk;gu tbtikg;ig nra;a xU KO jdpg;gf;fj;jpy; fl;lk;
tiuaTk;

ru
 Nfs;tpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l vy;yh nrhw;nwhlh;fSk; (Phrase)
tpsk;guj;jpy; ntt;NtW gFjpapy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 tpsk;guk; vijg; gw;wpaNjh mij nghpa vOj;Jfspy; vOjTk;.
ila
 Kf;fpa Points (such as 30% Discount sale, Free) Nghd;wtw;iw rpW
tl;lk; my;yJ bird; Nghl;L mjpy; vOjTk;.
m
 'Get more pay less', 'The real deal', 'Feeds your life', Making life
easier', symbol of Quality', 'One place, Your place' Nghd;w Slogan
fspy; VjhtJ xd;iw gad;gLj;jTk;.
.ta

 tpsk;guk; vJ gw;wpaNjh mJ njhlh;ghd glq;fs; tiuaTk;.

 Address, njhiyNgrp vz;> tiyj;js Kfthp Nghd;wtw;iw
tpsk;guj;jpd; mbg;gFjpapy; vOjTk;.
w

(Fwpg;G: Amazon, Flipkart Nghd;w Online Shopping tpsk;guq;fspy;

tiyj;js Kfthpfs;: www.amazon.com, www.flipcart.com
w

NghJkhdJ> jdpahf Address Njitapy;iy)

w

44
Prepare attractive advertisement using the hints given below

1. Mobile Galaxy - Smart phones - accessories - SIM Cards - Recharge -

Free Power bank on Mobile Purchase No.1, Toll gate, Trichy.

.in
Outline

vi
MOBILE GALAXY
Title

ru
Symbol of Quality
ila Slogan

Free power Banks

On Mobile
purchase
m
.ta

Smart Phones
Phrases
Accessories given in
Sim Cards question

Recharge
w

Web Address
www.mobilegalaxy.com
w

No.1, Toll gate

Address
Trichy
w

9898051213 Phone No

45
Question No. 40
Official Letter Writing
mYtyf fbjk; vOJjy;
(vy;yh mYtyf fbjj;jpw;Fk; ,f;fbjk; nghUe;Jk;)

n
i.i
From (mDg;Geh;)
___________

v
___________
___________

ru
To (ngWeh;)
___________
___________
ila
___________
m
Respected Sir,
Sub: tpdhtpd; Kf;fpa thh;j;ijfis (-) ,l;L vOjTk;
I hereby come to you for the obligation mentioned in the
.ta

subject. The same is very important for my life and career.

I request you would do the needful. I also assure you that I
would remain thankful to you.
w

Thank you
Yours faithfully,
w

Place:
Date:
w

* Question y; cs;s Kf;fpakhd thh;j;ijfis (-)y; ,l;L sub tUk;

,lj;jpy; vOjTk;

46
 Personal Letter
15.10.19
Goa
Dear,

.in
I am so happy to be in touch with you. Convey my regards to the
loved ones there. We miss you.
Yours lovingly,

vi
xxxxx
* Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpy; Nfl;l Nfs;tpf;F nghUe;jp tUtJ Nghy; xU

ru
thf;fpak; mikf;fTk;. ila
Question No.41
41.Notice Making
Tips:
m
1. Kjypy; fl;lk; xd;W tiue;J NOTICE vd;W Capital y; fl;lj;jpd;
NkNy eLtpy; vOjTk;.
2. FO> epWtdk;> fl;rp my;yJ mikg;gpd; ngah; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
.ta

3. epfo;r;rpapd; ngah; (name of the Programme)-If; Fwpg;gplTk;.

4. Njjpia Nkw;Guj;jpd; tyJ my;yJ ,lJ gf;f Xuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplTk;.
5. nfhLf;fg;gl;l jftiy This is to inform all the ____
w

(Students/Parents/Residents/Commuters) that vd;W njhlq;f

Ntz;Lk;
w

6. that -Ij; njhlh;e;J Notice ntsptpLk; eph;thfj;jpd; ngaUk; mjidj;

njhlh;e;J mwptpg;gpd; Nehf;fk; (Purpose) tu Ntz;Lk;.
w

7. epfo;r;rp eilngWk; ,lk;> Njjp> Neuk; Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.

8. gjpT nra;Ak; ehs; Neuk; (Last to apply) Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;.
9. Please contact the under - signed vd;W Kbf;fTk;.

47
10. ,Wjpahf ,lJ gf;fj;jpy; (sd-) vd vOjp tpdhtpy; jug;gl;Ls;s ngah;
kw;Wk; gjtpiaf; Fwpg;gplTk;.
11. eilngw;W Kbe;j epfo;T vdpy; Passive voice y; thf;fpaq;fis
mikf;fTk;.

.in
Example: 1 Prepare notice for the following.
You are Nikil/Nikitha, school pupil leader of GHSS, Trichy. Prepare a

vi
notice on behalf of your school inviting the grand parents of the students to
celebrate world Elder's day in your school auditorium on the 20th next

ru
month.

NOTICE
ila
GOVERNMENT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL, TRICHY
World Elder's Day
m
15th November, 2019
This is to inform all the students that our school is celebrating World
Elder's day on the 20th December at 3.30 p.m in our school auditorium.
.ta

Interested students are requested to bring their Grand Parents for the
celebration. Tea and Snacks will be provided. Fun activities will also be
organized.
w

(sd-)
w

Nikitha,
School Monitor
w

48
 Example:2
You are the school monitor, of Modern Matriculation School,
Tirunelveli. Your Principal has requested you to inform the students about
a trip to Yercaud for 3 days. Prepare a notice giving the details such as

n
date of journey, mode of transportation, amount, dress code etc.

i.i
NOTICE

v
MODERN MATRICULATION SCHOOL, TIRUNELVELI

ru
TRIP TO YERCAUD
15th December, 2019,
This is to inform all the students that our school management is
ila
planning for 3 days trip to Yercaud next month. Interested students kindly
note down the details given below and contact the person in charge.
Date : 08-10 January, 2020
m
Mode of Transport : Volvo Bus
Amount : Rs.1500/- per head (Food included)
.ta

Dress Code : School Uniform

Last Date : December 31, 2019
Incharge Teacher : Mrs.M.Divya
w

All are invited

(sd-)
w

Poornima,
School Monitor.
w

49
Question No. 42
Picture Comprehension

nfhLf;fg;gl;l glj;ij $h;e;J ftdpj;J mjd; fUj;Jfis 5

n
thf;fpaq;fshy; RUf;fkhf vOj Ntz;Lk;.

i.i
Fwpg;G:
 Fiwe;jgl;r kjpg;ngz; ngw gpd;tUk; 5 thf;fpaq;fs; Nghd;W

v
vOjyhk;.

ru
 glj;jpw;F jiyg;ghf nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s thf;fpaj;ijAk; tpilapy;
vOjyhk;.
ila
(jiyg;G)
1. The Picture is about _______
2. The Picture contains many ideas.
3. I like this Picture.
m
4. It is meaningful.
5. It is very natural.
.ta

6. I see ____ (glj;jpy; cs;s nghUspd; ngah; vOJf) in the picture.

7. The given Picture is nice.
VNjDk; 5 thpfis Njh;T nra;J gbf;fTk;. 6tJ thp fz;bg;ghf ,Uf;f
w

Ntz;Lk;.
w

Question No. 43
NOTE MAKING
w

Tips:
1. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s gj;jpfis ed;F gbj;J nghUj;jkhd jiyg;G xd;W
vOjTk;.

50
2. nfhLf;fg;gl;l gj;jpapy; cs;s am, is, are, was, were, will, have, has, a,
an, the, and, but, so, in, at, with, to, for, from Nghd;w thh;j;ijfis ePf;fp
tpl;L Kf;fpa thh;j;ijfis kl;Lk; vOjTk;.
3. ePf;fg;gl;l thh;j;ijfs; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; rpwpa NfhL Nghl;Lf; nfhs;sTk;.

.in
4. midj;J Kw;Wg; Gs;spfisAk; (.) ePf;fptplTk;.

Example:

vi
Make notes of the following passage.

ru
Prevention is better than cure, is a proverb and is recognized that the only
way to get rid of Malaria Completely is to get of mosquitoes. Malaria was
associated with damp and the marshy land. Stagnant water is the breeding
ila
as a larva in water and Malaria does not frequently occur in desert. The
only way to destroy Malaria is to prevent their breeding in stagnant water.
m
This can be done by coating the stagnant water with a film of kerosene oil
which can kill the larva.
.ta

Note:
Prevention
Prevention - better than cure - proverb - to get rid of Malaria - get of
w

mosquitoes - associated - damp marshy land - stagnant water - breeding

place - mosquitoes - begins - larva in water - not in desert - destroy Malaria
w

- prevent breeding - stagnant water - done by coating - stagnant water - film

of kerosene oil - kill the larva.
w

51
 Summary Writing
Tips:
1. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s gj;jpfis ed;F gbj;J Ghpe;J nfhs;sTk;.
2. Rough copy vLj;jhy; fUj;J khwhj tz;zk; Njitaw;w thh;j;ijfs;>

.in
thf;fpaq;fis ePf;fptpl;L Rough Copy vOj Ntz;Lk;.
3. Rough Copy - I NkypUe;J fPo; ,lkpUe;J tykhf FWf;fpy;
rha;Tf;NfhL Nghl;L mbj;J tplTk;.

vi
4. gpd; Fair Copy vOjTk;.
i) jiyg;G vOjTk;

ru
ii) Main Passage y; cs;s thh;j;ijfspy; 3y; 1 gq;F thh;j;ijfs; tUkhW
XU fair copy vOj Ntz;Lk;.
ila
5. mjd; fPNo words in the given passage (nfhLf;fg;gl;l Main passage
y; cs;s thh;j;ijfspd; vz;zpf;if)
Words in the summary (vOjp cs;s fair copy-y; thh;j;ijfspd;
m
vz;zpf;if)

Prevention
.ta

Prevention - better than cure - proverb - to get rid of Malaria - get of

mosquitoes - associated - damp marshy land - stagnant water - breeding
place - mosquitoes - begins - larva in water - not in desert - destroy Malaria
w

- prevent breeding - stagnant water - done by coating - stagnant water - film

of kerosene oil - kill the larva.
w
w

52
 Summary:
Rough Copy
Prevention
Prevention is better than cure. The only way to get rid of Malaria is to get

.in
of mosquitoes. Stagnant water is the breeding place of mosquitoes. It
begins as a larva in water and Malaria does not frequently occur in desert.
To prevent their breeding in stagnant water, coating the stagnant water with

vi
a film of kerosene oil which can kill the larva.

ru
Fair copy
Prevention
ila
To get rid of Malaria completely is to get of mosquitoes. To prevent their
breeding, we can coat the stagnant water with a film of kerosene oil which
can kill the larva.
m

Words in the Passage: 93

Worlds in the summary: 32
.ta

Question No. 44
44. Spot the Error
w

jtWfs; fPo;f;fz;ltw;wpd; cgNahfj;jpy; ,Uf;fyhk;.

w

1. Prepositions 2. Conjunctions
3. Tense Forms 4. Numbers (Singular, Plural)
w

5. Articles 6. Sentence Pattern

7. Concord (Agreement of verb with subject)
8. Using wrong forms of Adjectives

53
 Prepositions (Errors in the use of Preposition)
Incorrect Correct
Hema Prefers coffee than tea Hema prefers coffee to tea

.in
Rama is junior than me Rama is junior to me
Despite of his riches he is unhappy Despite his riches, he is unhappy.
Don't discuss about politics in public Don't discuss politics in public.

vi
ru
Conjunctions (Errors in the use of conjunctions)
Incorrect Correct
Though he is weak, but he works
ila Though he is weak, he works hard.
hard
As he came late, so he missed the As he came late, he missed the bus
m
bus.
You can neither earn or learn You can neither earn nor learn
.ta

She has only two, three friends She has only two or three friends.

Tenses ( Errors in the use of tense forms)

w

Incorrect Correct
Money make many things Money makes many things.
w

I have seen the film last week I saw the film last week
She is sleeping for five hours She has been sleeping for five hours
w

We should helped the poor. We should help the poor

54
 Numbers (Errors in the use of Singular - Plural)
Incorrect Correct
One of the girl sang well One of the girls sang well

.in
I received some information's I received, some information
Each of the cycle is damage Each of the cycles is damaged
Don't discuss about politics in public Don't discuss politics in public.

vi
ru
Articles (Errors in the use of articles)
Incorrect Correct
He joined an European University
ila He joined a European University
He started to USA yesterday He started to the USA yesterday
He left this place a hour ago He left this place an hour ago
m
He is good athlete who performs so He is a good athlete who performs
well well
He arranged the furniture properly He arranged furniture properly
.ta
w

Sentence Pattern (Errors in the use of Sentence Pattern)

Incorrect Correct
w

He was to going school He was going to school

Reading made a complete him man Reading made him a complete man
w

55
 Concord (Errors in the use of concord)
Incorrect Correct

n
The scissors is kept on the table The scissors are kept on the table
He always bake a cake He always bakes a cake

i.i
The students as well as the teacher The students as well as the teacher
are happy is happy

v
One of the girl sings well One of the girls sings well

ru
Adjectives (Errors in the use of adjectives)
ila
Incorrect Correct
Kala is tallest girl in the class Kala is the tallest girl in the class
Chennai is one of the biggest city in Chennai is one of the biggest cities
m
India in India
Nitya is taller to Nivi Nitya is taller than Nivi
.ta

Easy Tips:
1. ….. est y; KbAk; adjective thh;j;ijfSf;F Kd;dhy; the Nrh;j;J
w

vOJf.
2. Plural noun f;F gpwF is/was te;jhy; mjid are/were vd khw;Wf.
w

3. Singular noun f;F gpwF are/were te;jhy; mjid is/was vd khw;Wf.

4. Vowel Sound (a, e, I, o, u,) f;F Kd;dhy; a te;jhy; an vd khw;Wf.
5. Honest, Hour, M.L.A, M.P, LIC Nghd;wit vowel sound y;
w

njhlq;Ftjhy; mjw;F Kd;dhy; an Nghl Ntz;Lk;.

56
6. European, university, useful, Union, one Rupee Nghd;wit consonant
sound y; njhlq;Ftjhy; mjw;F Kd;dhy; 'a' Nghl Ntz;Lk;.
7. He, she, it, person name subject Mf tUk; NghJ verb cld; "s"
my;yJ 'es' Nrh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. gpwtw;wpw;F verb cld; 's' my;yJ 'es'

.in
,Ue;jhy; ePf;fTk;.
8. Prefer, elder, senior, junior vd;w thh;j;ijfSf;Fgpd; 'that' te;jhy; mij
vLj;J tpl;L to NghlTk;.

vi
9. 'One of the' 'One of these' my;yJ 'each of the' te;jhy; mjw;Fg; gpd;
cs;s thh;j;ijAld; 's' Nrh;j;J Plural Mf vOjTk;.

ru
Question No. 45
ila
Memory Poem

LIFE
m
Let me but live my life from year to year,
With forward face and unreluctant soul;
.ta

Not hurrying to, nor turning from the goal;

Not mourning for the things that disappear
In the dim past, nor holding back in fear
From what the future veils; but with a whole
w

And happy heart, that pays its toll

To Youth and Age, and travels on with cheer.
w

So let the way wind up the hill or down,

w

O'er rough or smooth, the journey will be joy:

Still seeking what I sought when but a boy,

57
 New friendship, high adventure, and a crown,
My heart will keep the courage of the quest,
And hope the road's last turn will be the best.

.in
Henry Van Dyke

Question No.46

vi
46.HINTS DEVELOPMENT

ru
 nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s hints fisf; nfhz;L xU KOr; nrhw;nwhluhf
khw;wTk;.
 xNu Paragraph Mf vOjTk;.
ila
 nghJthd tprakhf ,Ue;jhy; simple present tense gad;gLj;jTk;.
fijahf ,Ue;jhy; past tense gad;gLj;jTk;.
m
 vspa thf;fpaq;fshf gpioapd;wp vOjpdhy; NghJk;.
 nghUj;jkhd jiyg;G nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 fijf;Nfw;w Moral xd;W vOj Ntz;Lk;
.ta

Exercise:
w

1. Robert Bruce - King - Lying on the ground in a dejected mood - failed

to defeat his enemies - was thinking of giving up the attempt - saw a
w

spider falling down from the ceiling - the ceiling far away - wondered
how it would get there - again it fell - it made nine such attempts - no
w

success - climbed up once more - at least succeeded in reaching the

roof - Bruce imitated its example - he too tried once again - was
successful.

58
 Perseverance Wins
Once there lived a king named Robert Bruce. He was lying on the
ground in a dejected mood, since he failed to defeat his enemies. He was
thinking of giving up his attempt. At that time, he saw a spider falling down

.in
from the ceiling which was far way. He wondered how it could get there.
The spider tried again, but it fell back again. It did not lose hope. It tried
again but it fell down again. It made nine such attempts. It did not

vi
succeed. It climbed up once more and at last succeeded in reaching the
roof. Bruce was surprised to see this. He was inspired and motivated by

ru
the efforts. Once again, he tried to defeat his enemies. This time he
succeeded in his effort.
ila
Moral: Attempts may fail but never fail to attempt

Question No.47.
m
47.PARAGRAPH COMPREHENSION OR POEM
COMPREHENSION
.ta

,e;j tpdhtpy; nky;y fw;Fk; khzth;fs; Poem Comprehension I

tpl Paragraph Comprehension Njh;T nra;tJ rpwe;jJ.
 nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Paragraph ed;F Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; tz;zk;
w

epjhdkhf gbf;f Ntz;Lk;.

 fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpdhf;fis ed;F gbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
w

 tpdhtpw;Fhpa tpil gj;jpapy; vq;F cs;sJ vd fz;Lgpbf;f

Ntz;Lk;.
w

 ekJ nrhe;j thh;j;ijfis gad;gLj;jyhk;> Mdhy; gjpy;

tpdhtpw;Nfw;wthW ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk;

59
Important
 tpdhtpy; cs;s thh;j;ijfs; me;j Paragraph y; vq;F tUfpd;wd
vd;gij ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

n
 tpilia fz;bg;ghf xU thh;j;ijapy; vOj $lhJ tphpj;J vOj

i.i
Ntz;Lk;.

For Example:

v
A Patriot is a man who loves his county, works for it, and is willing to

ru
fight and die for it. Every solider is bound to do his duty, but the best
soliders do more than this. They risk their lives because they love the
country they are fighting for. They love its hills and valley, its cities and
ila
villages, its people and their way of life and they are willing to defend it to
the last against enemies who try to conquer it and destroy it.
m
Questions:
1. Who is a Patriot?
.ta

2. What do the best soliders do?

3. Why do they risk their lives?
4. What do they love?
w

Answers:
1. A Patriot is a man who loves his country.
w

2. The best soliders risk their lives.

3. They risk their lives because they love the country.
w

4. They love their country.

******************SV***************
 .in
www.tamilaruvi.in www.kaninikkalvi.com

vi
ru
ila
ஆசிரியர்கள் மற்றும் மாணவர்களுக்கு தேவவயான
m
வகதயடுகள், கல்வி செய்திகள், அரொவணகள் த ாட்டித்
தேர்வுகளுக்கு தேவவயான நடப்பு செய்திகள், ெமச்சீர் புத்ேகங்கள்,
.ta

ச ாது அறிவு புத்ேகங்கள் த ான்றவற்வற தமற்கண்ட

இவணயேளங்களில் இருந்து திவிறக்கம் செய்து சகாள்ளலாம்.

“Dream is not that which

w

you see while sleeping.

w

It is something that
w

does not let you sleep.”

- APJ Abdul Kalam