CL 2ND QUARTER EXAM REVIEWER
CL/VE 11 – ST. DOMINIC DE GUZMAN (Lecture)
2ND QUARTER
HUMAN DIGNITY
SAVED us despite our being unworthy and
unfaithful. We have dignity because God
sent His Son to redeem us and restore our
status as His children.
WE HAVE BEEN REDEEMED BY
CHRIST:
Because of His perfect self-giving love for
the Father and for us, Christ saved us by
showing us what it means to love and
empowering us to overcome the power of
sin.
Jesus shows us the true value of
all human persons
Jesus taught us that our basic dignity as
human persons depends on God who
loves us unconditionally and calls us to love
in return.
By His Resurrection, Christ opened the way
so that we, too, may share in His new life
as adopted sons and daughters of the
Father.
Christ through His Paschal mystery taught
us that what makes us truly human is not
our sin but our capacity to love
HE SANCTIFIES US
He call us to share in eternal life. That is
how much God loves us. Our response to
this love should be our best effort to
conform our life to the life of His Son, Jesus
Christ.
BAPTISM - we share in the three-fold
mission of Jesus as Priest, Prophet, and
King.
CONFIRMATION - God gifted us with
different gifts of the Holy Spirit.
HOLY EUCHARIST - strengthens us
and steers us toward fulfilling our mission.
God is present to us through His Holy
Spirit. The Holy Spirit empowers us to love
and transforms us to grow in love
DESTINED us to be with Him in heaven.
We are important toGod because He has
reserved a place for us in heaven and has
made available for us the means to get
there.
Our destiny is to be with God. All persons
belong to God’s family and are destined to
share in the happiness and freedom of
God’s children.
SYNTHESIS
We are created in the image and likeness
of God, redeemed by Jesus Christ, and
destined to be in union with God give us
inherent and inviolable dignity. As we
recognize the fact that we are living
images of God, it is but right for us to
think that all other people around us are
God’s children. When we perform our
duty as steward of God’s creation can we
make the name of God majestic in all the
earth.
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CL 2ND QUARTER EXAM REVIEWER
CL/VE 11 – ST. DOMINIC DE GUZMAN (Lecture)
2ND QUARTER
HUMAN LIBERATION
The Gaze of the Crucified Lord:
Archbishop Socrates Villegas’ address on
the opening of the Year of the Poor in 2015
Urgent challenge for you:
With God’s grace, turn away from
your haughtiness, your pride, your
selfishness, your idolatry of money,
your all-consuming fascination with
power. In love, work to build the
Kingdom of God on earth!
Philippines: Stop Corruption, Build an
economy that is open to the world, Provide
jobs and education.
FAUCETS OF HUMAN LIBERATION
We are given Intellect and Freewill
(Psalm 10: 1-18)
Freedom of the Children of God:
When human institutions who are given the
responsibility to safeguard our rights fail, we
turn to God and we know He will never fail
us. (during the enslavement of Israelites in
Egypt, God sended Moses)
TWO IMPORTANT FAUCETS:
FREEDOM FROM – An understanding of
freedom as an absence of restraints or
impediments. (Authentic Freedom)
FREEDOM FOR –directed toward a goal or
purpose. (sharing in Jesus’ life through the
Holy Spirit)
Jesus liberated the people from
the greatest oppressor – SIN – by
His DEATH ON THE CROSS.
Fullness of life can only be attained in
following Jesus.
BUILDING A COMMUNITY OF LOVE
We are called to live a life of PRAYER and
ACTION for greater social justice.
The corporal and spiritual works of mercy
help building a perfect community of love by
tearing down or fixing social structures that
make people feel isolated, oppressed, and
left behind. (Matthew 25: 31-46)
The Church’s Social Apostolate
In every diocese, a social action center
ministers (Basic Ecclesial Communities)
to raise the social consciousness of people
and organize themselves towards economic
self-reliance, form of people’s consciences
with regards to fundamental human rights,
and defend the rights of the poor.
The Church leads her members to the
formation of a social conscience. (They
dismantle structures of sin in our society)
Toward a Just Society for Filipinos
 First is that struggle for liberation,
justice and peace is really part of
authentic Christian faith.
 Second is that the Christian faith
has an essential, irreplaceable role
to play in achieving justice for the
Filipino.
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CL 2ND QUARTER EXAM REVIEWER
CL/VE 11 – ST. DOMINIC DE GUZMAN (Lecture)
2ND QUARTER
HUMAN WORK
WORK means any activity by man, whether
manual or intellectual, whatever its nature
or
circumstances; it means any human activity
that can and must be recognized as work
- Pope John Paul II (Laborem Exercens)
Blue Collar – Manual labor
White Collar – Professional work
Work is primarily an act of human beings. In
work, intelligence, creativity, and free choice
are involved.
Laborem Exercens defines work as:
sustained human activity done for a
purpose. Work is a duty, if we are capable
of work, we must work
2 DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN WORK:
Objective – Product/Outcome of work
Subjective – Human person’s Involvement
in work
OBJECTIVE:
❏ agriculture
❏ industry
❏ technology
❏ Social structures, systems of
services, and civilization
SUBJECTIVE: “the greatness of work is
inside man.” – St. John Paul II
By this he meant the subjective dimension
of
work - the WORKERS as the subjects or
agents of their work.
❏ Human persons are the
purpose of work
❏ Work supports human dignity
❏ Work helps build relationships
and promote responsibility
❏ Work is for the common good.
❏ Labor is more important than
capital.
Laborem Exercens teaches us:
❏The purpose of work is to fulfill our
humanity and benefit the humanity of those
our work serves.
❏Work exists for human beings; human
beings do not exist for work
❏The person is the central focus of work.
❏Labor has priority over capital.
❏Christian teaching holds that people have
the right to private property and that workers
have the right to share in profits. People
come before profits.
RIGHTS & DUTIES OF WORKERS
The Church unceasingly emphasizes that
the fundamental importance of human work
lies in the workers, who have dignity and
rights.
RIGHT TO WORK
1. Employment
Since work is a duty, there
should be a suitable
employment for all who
want to earn a living and
capable of working.
2. Work environment
Since work is a duty, there
should be a suitable
employment for all who
want to earn a living and
capable of working.
3. Work hours
Workers have the right to
legitimate rest. God does not
intend that we work nonstop,
like animals or machines.
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CL 2ND QUARTER EXAM REVIEWER
CL/VE 11 – ST. DOMINIC DE GUZMAN (Lecture)
2ND QUARTER
RIGHT TO JUST SHARE IN THE FRUITS
OF THE WORK
1. Right to a just wage
Workers have the right to receive
a just wage, a wage enough to:
 support their family
 attend to their other needs
 have a certain degree of
Security
 spare mothers and children
from working
2. Social benefits
Workers must also obtain a
just share of fruits of their
work through other
benefits, like health care,
pension and accident
insurance.
RIGHT TO ORGANIZE
1. Right to form organizations/
associations
Workers have the right to form and
join organizations, usually called
labor or trade unions. The goals of
unions are to:
- promote and protect and workers’
rights and duties
- serve as a venue for workers to
express
their work-related concerns
- contribute to the well-being of the
community
2. Right to strike or work stoppage
This right is recognized by the
Catholic Church as legitimate means
to pursue other rights - fair wages,
adequate rest, good working
conditions, etc. However, this right
should not be abused.
John Paul II reminded us that the
one goal of unions is for workers
“not simply to have more, but to
be more”
SOLIDARITY WITH WORKERS
❏The Church develops this principle by
presenting two of employers - direct and
indirect
Direct Employer- workers enter directly
into a work contract within the bounds of
specific
work conditions.
Indirect Employer- different sectors or
elements aside from the direct employer
that affect the condition of the work
relationship.
The concept of this is probably
one of the most striking and effective
teachings of John Paul II about human
work.
SPIRITUALITY OF HUMAN WORK
1. Participation in God’s creative work
a) Unique
b) Universal
2. Collaboration with Christ’s redemptive
mission
3. Cooperation with the work of the Holy
Spirit.
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CL 2ND QUARTER EXAM REVIEWER
CL/VE 11 – ST. DOMINIC DE GUZMAN (Lecture)
2ND QUARTER
WHAT IS LENT?
A primary season of prayer, repentance and
fasting for all Christians, reflecting the forty
days Jesus spent in the desert.
Begins – Ash Wednesday
Ends - Easter Triduum (Holy Thursday,
Good Friday, Holy Saturday)
HOLY THURSDAY (MAUNDY
THURSDAY)
- “Mandatum” in latin, which translates
to COMMAND (mostly focuses on
God’s order to love one another)
- Holy Eucharist, Holy orders &
Washing of feet
GOOD FRIDAY
- No mass is held but the station of
the cross is practiced during this day
HOLY SATURDAY (EASTER VIGIL)
- Salvation history (seven readings)
❏The act of applying ashes symbolizes
our mortality as well as our need for
ongoing
repentance.
❏Ashes are applied to our forehead in the
sign of the cross as the words “Repent and
believe in the Gospel”
PILLARS OF LENT
PRAY ❏Lent is a season of prayer
- Meditation on the Holy
Scripture
- Personal devotion
- Attend Eucharistic Celebrations
- Attend Lent recollections
- Confession
FAST (Has two types)
Fasting – limits the amount/quantity of
food/drinks (18-59 years old)
Abstinence – refraining from certain kinds
of food/drinks (14 years old+)
Excused:
❏People with mental health problems
❏The sick, the frail, pregnant or nursing
women, Manual laborers, and The poor.
Christ Himself fasted 40 days and 40 nights
in the desert. We are supposed to imitate
Christ
❏To bring order to our disorder: impose
order to our lower passions, which are often
in revolution against us.
❏To atone for our sin.
❏To be better able to pray and to be alert
from the snares of the devil.
GIVE
is the action that leads us Christians to see
our fellow man, love them, listen to them
and give them our time, help, advice,
money, shelter, company, affection.
- Dedicate time to your family,
studies, work
- Helping others through service or
materials goods
- Helping others spiritually: at home,
your parish or other associations.
- Be generous with our virtues:
charity, forgiveness, patience, etc.
LENT II FAITH EXPOSED
Lent penitential season and a preparation
for easter (“Lente” meaning Spring)
Cuaresma “Quadragesima” 40 days
Almsgiving – “sharing should be the mark of
our daily life as Chritians”
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CL 2ND QUARTER EXAM REVIEWER
CL/VE 11 – ST. DOMINIC DE GUZMAN (Lecture)
2ND QUARTER

Praying – “Strengthening our relationship ECONOMIC JUSTICE

with God”
Fasting – “Getting rid of our selfishness and
self-centeredness”
Pope Benedict XVI (16th) related the 3
traditions to “Justice” or Right relationships
Lent requires silence - the silence that
permeates the soul and makes us better
In honor of christ’s Passion, Death, and
Resurrection
SYMBOLISM OF LENT
Purple- symbolizes penitence and royalty
40 days/years:
- 40 days in the dessert
- The great flood during Noah’s time
- Moses spended 40 day on Mt. Sinai
with God (Sealing the Covenant)
- 40-year wandering of the Israelites
40 denotes a period of preparation and
grace
Materialism
 Our economy is pressured to
produce more and more luxury
goods, no matter what it cost. A lot
of energy and resources are
wasted.
Economics
 studies the decisions and efforts
to satisfy material needs
Oikonomos - which means
household management
 Tries to resolve the problem of
scarcity of goods and services
Basic Needs
 goods that are necessary for us to
continue living
 Food, clothing, shelter, etc.
 They make up the basic
necessities in life that we must
have from birth to death.

Essential Needs
TYPES OF HUMAN RIGHTS  things beyond our basic needs;
goods that are complementary to
A. Personal Rights our basic goods
 Right to Life  utensils, cookware, fuel to cook our
 Right to One’s Person food, eating a decent meal, pleasant
 Right to One’s Personality dining experience
B. Religious or Moral Rights
 Right to Education Created Needs
 Right to Conscience  needs that usually come about our
 Right to Religion desire for goods that give us
special satisfaction, prestige, and
C. Social Rights social status
 Right to Honor or Respect  e.g., advertisements
 Right to Expression or Freedom of
Speech Public Needs
 Right to Organize  goods and services that are
meant to cater all people; goods
D. Economic Rights that serve people not just as
 Right to Livelihood individuals but as a community, like
 Right to Property water, electricity, roads, schools,
hospitals, security.

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CL 2ND QUARTER EXAM REVIEWER
CL/VE 11 – ST. DOMINIC DE GUZMAN (Lecture)
2ND QUARTER
Scarcity
 A state wherein the goods that can
satisfy material needs are not
enough at the time they are needed.
 A good is also considered scarce
when it is not affordable.
 The effort to solve the problem of
scarcity through the production
or distribution of more goods may
lead us to focus on “having” rather
than “being”
ECONOMIC DECISIONS
In making economic decisions, there are
normally three major things to consider.
These are the desired end, scarce
resources, and the possible uses of the
scarce resources.
 Desired End
 Allocation of Resources
 Alternative Uses
Desired End
 refers to whatever goal or
objective is sought by an
individual or society.
 The Church teaches us that we
must aim for objectives that are
aligned with integral human
development.
Allocation of Resources
 The process of making economic
decisions includes appropriating
resources. The widespread poverty
in our country clearly indicates that
the wealth and resources of our
country are not properly distributed
among our people.
Opportunity Costs
 The cost of using resources for a
certain purpose is measured in
relation to the alternative purpose
that was given up.
Alternative Uses
 Economic decisions involve
choosing among possible uses of
the resources available.
 This helps us determine how
responsible we are in making our
decisions. We can perceive
whether the way we use our
goods is wasteful or not. Our
moral obligation is to constantly
weigh our options and gear toward
what can help us foster economic
justice.
THE CHURCH AND ECONOMIC LIFE
Poor people come in different conditions
and situations: beggars, street vendors,
laborers,
unemployed, etc. Unfortunately, many of
them become victims of injustices,
oppression, prejudice, and contempt.
Forms of Poverty:
1. Economic Impoverishment
2. Powerlessness
3. Poor Self-esteem
4. Marginalization
Causes of Poverty
 The Church teaches that the deeper
cause of poverty lies far beyond the
laziness of the poor,
mismanagement
of economic resources or population
size, for the primary cause of
poverty
is deeply rooted in something
spiritual – in the moral behavior of
the people.
 Christians are called to enter, in
some degree, into the world of those
who are deprived, share in their
being neglected
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CL 2ND QUARTER EXAM REVIEWER
CL/VE 11 – ST. DOMINIC DE GUZMAN (Lecture)
2ND QUARTER
 Our goal is to move toward a Christ-  admonishes the rich to willingly and
like response to the marginalized in generously share their resources
society. with the poor

Dangerous kind of poverty than

PCP II states that the Philippine
Church is a “Church of the Poor”
Eternal salvation depends on the living out
of a love of preference for the poor
How to Practice Preferential Option for
the Poor?
material deprivation --- spiritual poverty.
In our world ruled by materialism and
secularism, the need for God is replaced
with the need to accumulate more wealth, to
have more power, and to rule over people’s
lives.

❖See things through the eyes of the poor

❖Work with the poor
❖Work for them
❖Trust in God’s providence
❖Practice evangelical poverty

As a community of believers, Jesus

challenges us to look after our brothers
and sisters who are left behind in a
world that now seems to run on
competition, consumerism, and the
race to build economic empires.

The Church then calls the society as w

whole to share essential resources with
those who are lacking

This option is expressed when the

Church:

 empowers the poor to become

active participants in the life of the
society adopt a simple lifestyle

 provides the poor with their spiritual

needs and access to the sacraments
(even if they cannot pay the usual
fees)
 considers attending to the needs of
the poor more urgent than attending
to the needs of the rich.

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CL 2ND QUARTER EXAM REVIEWER
CL/VE 11 – ST. DOMINIC DE GUZMAN (Lecture)
2ND QUARTER
DISCOVERING GOD OUR FATHER
God is the Creator, our loving, Heavenly
Father, revealed to us by Jesus, God the
Son made man. We are called to care for
God’s gifts as we grow as children of the
Father through Jesus Christ in the Holy
Spirit.
 No one created God. He is the
uncreated reality.
 He does not need us, instead we
need him.
 He created us to share his divine
love.
Two natures of Jesus: Fully Human and
Fully Divine
He is human in a sense that he worked
(hands), thought (head), acted (will), and
love (heart) with humanly attributes.
On the other hand, he is considered divine
as he was resurrected “John 11:25-26”
BASIC PILLARS OF FAITH
CREED – Profession of Faith
 Summary of our beliefs
“Creed”, from the Latin “Credo” which
means “I believe”, presents the essential
truths of the Christian faith.
HISTORY OF THE CREED
o It is at our Baptism that we first
received the rule of Faith, the
Creed.
A) BIBLICAL CREEDS
 Old Testament – Is 33:22, Dt.
4:35
 New Testament – Acts 5:30-
31
B) Liturgical and Catechetical Creeds
The development of liturgical
acclamations of the early Christian
communities
(One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism)
As the early churches developed, so
did the creeds. For they were need
in catechetical instruction to
prepare converts for baptism.
Three events dominated the
Christian story:
1) God’s creating act
2) His redeeming act in Jesus
3) His sanctifying presence in the Holy Spirit
FAITH: CHRISTIAN PRAYER
Faith is a confident assurance concerning
what we hope for, and conviction about the
things we do not see.
FORM OF CHRISTAN PRAYER:
Adoration - We depend for our very
existence
Contrition - We ask God’s forgiveness
Thanksgiving - We give thanks
Supplication - We present our needs
Offering - We place before God all our
thoughts, words and deeds, our whole lives.
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CL 2ND QUARTER EXAM REVIEWER
CL/VE 11 – ST. DOMINIC DE GUZMAN (Lecture)
2ND QUARTER
Why do we pray?
 To be transformed by God
 To respond to God’s call for us to
“be still”
 To draw strength from Christ

Levels of Christian Prayer

1. Private, Personal Prayer
a. The Rosary ❖ Novenas ❖
Devotions to patron saints ❖
Meditation
Ways of praying
2. Public, Communal, Liturgical Prayer
a. Our faith is personal yet
ecclesial (CFC 151) ❖ The
prayer taught to us by Jesus
(Our Father) is a
communitarian prayer.

 Filipino Catholics are liturgical

people.
 Liturgy is the official public worship
of the Church. (Came from the latin
word Leitourgia = an act of the
whole community)
 Liturgy includes the seven
sacraments, liturgical year and
Liturgy of the Hours.
 The Eucharist is at the center of
Catholic Life. It is the sacrament of
union between Christ and His
followers