The Challenge of Crafting a Comprehensive Literature Review in Health Economics

Embarking on a systematic literature review in the realm of Health Economics is a daunting task. It
requires meticulous planning, extensive research, and a keen eye for detail. Crafting a comprehensive
review involves sifting through a vast amount of scholarly work, identifying key studies, analyzing
methodologies, and synthesizing findings—all while ensuring accuracy and relevance to the specific
research topic.

Many researchers find themselves overwhelmed by the sheer volume of literature available, making
it challenging to determine which sources are most pertinent and reliable. Additionally, the evolving
nature of health economics means that new studies are constantly being published, adding to the
complexity of staying current with the field's advancements.

One of the most time-consuming aspects of writing a literature review is the process of data
collection. Researchers must scour databases, libraries, and academic journals to gather relevant
articles, books, and reports. This requires a significant investment of time and effort, often leading to
frustration and burnout.

Moreover, synthesizing the information gathered into a coherent narrative that addresses research
questions and objectives is no small feat. It demands critical thinking, analytical skills, and a deep
understanding of the subject matter.

Given these challenges, many scholars and students turn to professional services for assistance. ⇒
StudyHub.vip ⇔ offers a reliable solution for those seeking expert guidance in crafting a literature
review in Health Economics.

By entrusting your literature review to ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔, you gain access to a team of

experienced writers well-versed in the nuances of health economics research. Their expertise ensures
that your review is comprehensive, well-structured, and tailored to your specific requirements.

Save yourself the stress and uncertainty of navigating the intricate landscape of literature reviews.
Let ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔ handle the task with precision and proficiency, allowing you to focus on
other aspects of your research.

Order your systematic literature review in Health Economics from ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔ today and
experience the difference firsthand. With their assistance, you can present a scholarly work that
reflects the depth of your research and the rigor of your analysis.
Meta-analysis is the use of statistical methods to summarise the results of independent studies. As
expected, changes in the level of PM 2.5 in the air is highly correlated with PM 10 and NO 2 with
SO 2. It involves a detailed and comprehensive plan and search strategy derived from a set of
specified research questions. Thirdly, China has an advanced nationwide air pollution monitoring
system ensuring the availability of meticulous data (IQAir, 2020). After screening the titles, abstracts
and full texts of the retrieved results, two reviewers independently evaluated the relevant data. 35 of
508 studies met our criteria. Relationship between resolution of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and
changes in lipoprotein sub-fractions: a post-hoc analysis of the PIVENS trial. Furthermore,
meteorological factors, such as rainfall and temperature, strongly influenced the concentrations of
pollutants in an area, although several of the eligible studies failed to address the role of weather
conditions in their measurement results. Cost-effective evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
with NAFLD fibrosis score and vibration controlled transient elastography. And what is the level of
improvement in air quality measured in terms of the reduction of PM 2.5, PM 10, SO 2, CO, ozone
(O 3 ) and NO 2 and does it differ across China. The review protocol was developed in cooperation
with the ?rst. The literature also suggested that urban and densely populated areas had experienced
larger reductions in air pollution compared to rural areas (Fan et al., 2020a; Filonchyk et al., 2020;
Wang et al., 2020a). In addition, Chen et al. (2020c) found that improvements in air quality was more
prominent in north-eastern and inland provinces than in south-eastern coastal and western provinces.
The next step involves identification of appropriate databases and sources which requires the
reviewer to determine the search engines and sources that are most likely to have articles that can
best answer the research questions and thereafter proceed with the search (Coffman et al, 2009).
Typically, a relative risk adjustment to the rate of progression or regression of fibrosis was applied to
patients in treatment arms where histologic improvement was reported based on data either directly
from trials or—for thiazolidinediones—a meta-analysis. Cost-effectiveness analysis of
ultrasonography screening for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in metabolic syndrome patients.
Wigfield P, Sbarigia U, Hashim M, Vincken T, Heeg B. Previously, Wang et al. (2017) also found
that fossil fuel consumption and transport were the primary elements of air pollution in urban areas
of China. In case there were any differences of opinion, the two authors attempted to resolve the
disagreement through discussion. For example, Wuhan was under lockdown for 76 days, and its
improvement in air quality was much higher than other regions (e.g., Beijing and Shanghai). Given
the rapid rise in the prevalence of NASH, an unmet clinical need exists for drugs that can arrest or
reverse the progression of disease, particularly in patients progressing to fibrosis and potentially
cirrhosis. Chair of Information Systems IV, University of Mannheim, L 15, 1-6, 68131 Mannheim,
Germany. Then, explain where your work fits within this discussion and why. One author conducted
the data extraction using the PRISMA guidelines (McInnes et al., 2018) and others verified the
extraction of data from the selected studies. Carefully select sources that will provide current and
credible information on your topic. It can be undertaken as stand-alone projects in their own right, or
as a precursor to a systematic review. In a critical review, the reviewer not only summarizes the
existing literature, but also evaluates its strengths and weaknesses. Consult your library subject guide
to review databases appropriate for your topic. Results: Initial results indicate that Medline and
EMBASE, while highest in number of citations, had very few unique citations. Share in strategic
planning; hospital accreditation; and stewardship education. As of 23 March 2021, COVID-19 had
affected 124 million people in 192 countries and territories with 2.7 million deaths around the world
(Johns Hopkins University, 2021). In 2013, she received TQM from American university, BCPS,
CPHQ, and M.Sc. of Clinical Pharmacy.
AdViSHE: a validation-assessment tool of health-economic models for decision makers and model
users. The authors also thank Jayne Smith-Palmer and Barnaby Hunt of Ossian Health Economics
and Communications for medical writing assistance and Laura Escalante Santos of Oxford
PharmaGenesis for editorial assistance. Finally, we categorised the included studies based on types
of pollutants measured. 28 (80%) provided 51 values for NO 2 and 26 (75%) recorded 49 values for
PM 2.5. Try to explain points of similarity or difference by considering the authors’ individual
historical perspectives, source usage, methodology, or structure. Read more PUB-Effective Strategies
to Monitor Clinical Risks Using Biostatistics March 9, 2021 Effective strategies to monitor clinical
risks using biostatistics Read more. Level 2 Little design up front Prototyping Close collaboration
Data exchange. Data extraction was performed using pre-designed data extraction tables in
Microsoft Word. Health states associated with comorbid conditions such as diabetes or
cardiovascular outcomes were generally not considered in the identified models. 3.3 Health State
Utilities and Costs In terms of utility values for different health states, three different approaches
were identified. Therefore, policymakers and researchers interpreting the changes in air quality data
need to pay consideration to this to avoid any misrepresentation of the actual impact of COVID-19
lockdown on air quality. Therefore, this study attempts to analyse evidence from scientific research
articles on the extent of the improvement in China’s air quality due to COVID-19-related lockdowns.
Method: We conduct a systematic review of the literature on UCASD. Nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease and the risk of clinical cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. After
presenting the key themes, the authors recommend that practitioners need to approach healthcare
communication in a more structured way, such as by ensuring there is a clear understanding of who is
in charge of ensuring effective communication in clinical settings. Table 7 Data Collection form
completed for Maxwell et al., 1998. Finally, additional qualitative and quantitative studies should be
conducted to assess the role of ground-level monitoring stations, which may enable other severely
polluted regions to replicate China’s progress in air quality management. Embedded historiographies
are shorter and may only need to be two or three paragraphs. Recently uploaded skeletal system
details with joints and its types skeletal system details with joints and its types Minaxi patil. Weight
loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Cost-comparison analysis of FIB-4, ELF and fibroscan in community pathways for non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease. None of the articles identified in this review used the AdViSHE tool for
validation, although it should be noted that 6 of the 19 included articles predated the publication of
the AdViSHE tool. For example qualitative studies can suggest reasons. Lastly, the lockdown-driven
improvements in air quality will be insufficient as well as unsustainable unless strict, region-specific
environmental policies are implemented. Using Smartwatches to Assist Students with Intellectual
and Developmental Dis. The findings of this study may serve as reference for improvement in air
quality due to lockdown measures and thus be helpful to policymakers for post-pandemic air quality
management. European Medicines Agency. 2018. Reflection paper on regulatory requirements for the
development of medicinal products for chronic non-infectious liver diseases (PBC, PSC, NASH)..
Accessed 19 Sep 2019. One downside of including published articles only is that studies with null
findings has a limited probability of being accepted. Surveying preceding literature and study
findings is crucial for writing a dissertation, research article, or thesis. SCOPUS (Life sciences, social
sciences, physical sciences and health science). Embedded literature reviews must discuss the
connections between the sources you used for your research and also make connections between
your work and these sources. The length of embedded literature reviews varies, but is usually
dependent upon the length of your assignment.
Stand-alone literature reviews are the most common type of literature review and are frequently
assigned by professors. Noticeably, as traffic density is high in urban areas, it is highly correlated with
NO 2 concentration than in rural and less populated areas (Wang et al., 2020a). Since lockdown
commenced, the flow of traffic reduced more in urban areas; it contributed to a greater improvement
in air quality. Pollutants such as PM 2.5, PM 10, NO 2, SO 2 and CO dropped, whilst on the
contrary, the O 3 level increased. Cost-effectiveness analysis: risk stratification of nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease (NAFLD) by the primary care physician using the NAFLD fibrosis score. PLoS One.
2016;11(2):e0147237. PubMed. They are self-contained pieces of writing that can function as a
stepping stone to a larger piece of writing or can enhance writers’ understandings of a topic. Further
analysis revealed that studies conducting global analysis commonly used data from satellite and
studies focusing on specific Chinese cities and provinces commonly used data from ground-level
stations. However, for endpoints to be suitable for economic modelling, they must be definitively
linked with long-term outcomes such as occurrence of cirrhosis, HCC or liver-related mortality. It
involves a detailed and comprehensive plan and search strategy derived from a set of specified
research questions. Also, be sure to adhere to your style guidelines because headings, title pages,
references lists, and other sections or formatting features may differ. Systematic Reviews: the
process, quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. However, cardiovascular endpoints were
omitted from the identified models, but if the regression of fibrosis can influence the risk of
cardiovascular endpoints, which are frequently associated with high direct medical costs and a
substantial decrement in QoL, this may warrant consideration in future health economic models. Any
publication after that that was not included in this study. This reduces the chance of bias and
improves the reliability of the results. The unfiltered search results should be saved and retained for
possible reanalysis. Students should always cross-check any information on this site with their
course teacher. Method: We conduct a systematic review of the literature on UCASD. A further two
articles were identified through supplementary searches of grey literature. The authors reviewed the
title and abstract of 396 articles, and screened full texts of 141 articles, amongst which 35 studies
met the predetermined inclusion criteria ( Fig. 1 ). Several articles were excluded, because their main
focus was to examine the impact of air quality on COVID-19-related infections. Unleashing the
Power of AI Tools for Enhancing Research, International FDP on. Identical findings were reported
by Li et al. (2020), who found that reductions in concentration of PM 2.5 were 10% lower in Level
II than in Level I. Air pollution is a serious concern in China (Dong et al., 2019). In 2016, the country
contributed 33%, 24%, and 31% of the world’s total emissions of SO 2, NO 2, and CO, respectively.
High-quality, transparent, validated health economic models of NASH will be required to evaluate
the cost effectiveness of treatments currently in development, particularly compounds that may
target other non-hepatic outcomes. It seeks to provide the description of the literature process of
systematic reviews, including its rationale, attributes for doing such reviews, as well as provide step-
by-step directions for doing a systematic review (Rew, 2011). The review must be documented in
sufficient detail for readers to be able to. Procedures for documenting the search process are given in
Table 2. Additionally, of the models that used state-transition elements, two distinct approaches for
modelling health states early in the course of the disease were identified (see Table 8 in the ESM).
Weight loss through lifestyle modification significantly reduces features of nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis. In the second stage, publications were excluded based on their. The literature also
suggested that urban and densely populated areas had experienced larger reductions in air pollution
compared to rural areas (Fan et al., 2020a; Filonchyk et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020a). In addition,
Chen et al. (2020c) found that improvements in air quality was more prominent in north-eastern and
inland provinces than in south-eastern coastal and western provinces. In the fourth stage, the ?nal
sample passed a ?rst categorization.
Lastly, the final search was conducted on the 20 September 2020. Using Smartwatches to Assist
Students with Intellectual and Developmental Dis. A good example is review done by the Cochrane
Collaboration in evaluating the effects of medical therapeutics. Try to explain points of similarity or
difference by considering the authors’ individual historical perspectives, source usage, methodology,
or structure. Independent predictors of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Moreover, inland cities such as Wuhan had a greater reduction in air pollution compared to coastal
cities, such as Guangdong. Therefore, this study attempts to analyse evidence from scientific
research articles on the extent of the improvement in China’s air quality due to COVID-19-related
lockdowns. Thirdly, China has an advanced nationwide air pollution monitoring system ensuring the
availability of meticulous data (IQAir, 2020). Pierre Johansen, Daniel Howard and Ryan Bishop
provided the study design. They involve gathering, analyzing, and evaluating existing knowledge
about a topic in order to find gaps in the literature where future studies will be needed. The article
notes that the purpose of systematic review is critical in helping the practitioners to examine a
particular aspect(s) of the problem under study. Watson, 2002), they are less common in software
engineer-. The review must be documented in sufficient detail for readers to be able to. In addition,
the article has discussed the practice implications of application of systematic review in nursing and
pediatric nursing in particular. The article acknowledges that nurses are often so busy and sometimes
may lack the skills and tools necessary to make research findings that are clinically relevant and
methodologically sound. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of clinical cardiovascular
events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phisalprapa P, Supakankunti S,
Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Apisarnthanarak P, Charoensak A, Washirasaksiri C, et al. A systematic
literature review aims to classify, critically appraise, and summarise the current evidence concerning
an identified issue, similar to conventional literature reviews. In addition, there are significant
heterogeneities in reported changes in the concentration of air pollutants in China during COVID-19
lockdowns. This will serve as the basis for your thesis statement. Limits applied to the search (4)
Limits enforced to the search (5) Screening. Codes related to the parallel interwoven creation tracks
principle. Enter your email address to receive latest updates and research articles to your inbox every
second week. Apart from determining the sources to be searched, a reviewer can also ask experts
about the topic for examining other sources. As expected, these pollutants demonstrated a positive
relationship when measured against the reported data from the included studies. 10 studies reported
changes in AQI, and the percentage changes in AQIs were significantly correlated with the changes
in PM 2.5, NO 2, CO and PM 10. For example, scholars who published in the 1960s interpreted a
historical event differently than those who published in the early 2000s. These databases feature
portions from books, academic journals, research papers, essays, and articles. This is common in the
social sciences and humanities. Seek professional input on your specific circumstances.
Nationwide social lockdowns imposed by the national and provincial Chinese governments created
an opportunity to evaluate changes in air quality. These data are likely to become available in the
future with the ongoing development of new drugs for the treatment of NASH. 4.2 Considerations
for Future Model Development A key consideration for future model developers is how best to
capture the progression and regression of liver disease. In describing the attributes of systematic
review, the article has differentiated it from integrative review by stating that the latter’s approach is
the only one that allows for the diverse methodologies combination. This information should provide
proper guidance for those who are conducting a systematic literature review (Davis, 2019 ). Students
should always cross-check any information on this site with their course teacher. The quality of
included studies was heterogenous, and only a small proportion of studies reported internal and
external validation processes. To this end, the aim of the current review was to summarise and
critically appraise published health economic models of NASH (and NAFLD) and to evaluate their
quality and suitability for use in the assessment of novel treatments for NASH, as well as to identify
knowledge gaps, challenges and opportunities for future modelling. 2 Methods A systematic
literature review was performed using the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and EconLit
databases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease as a component of the metabolic syndrome. Consider
how each source approaches your topic in addition to their collective points of intersection and
separation. Seek professional input on your specific circumstances. Fig. 3 illustrates. This re?ects
that, while the idea of integrating. Late-stage complications such as cirrhosis, decompensated
cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma were consistently included, but input data (e.g. costs, utilities
and transition probabilities) for late-stage complications were frequently sourced from other liver
disease areas. We honour their enduring culture and knowledges as vital to the self-determination,
wellbeing and resilience of their communities, and to shaping a just, inclusive and equitable
Australian society. Specifically, the justification includes a thorough. The reported reductions in air
pollution varied by region and period. High-quality, transparent, validated health economic models
of NASH will be required to evaluate the cost effectiveness of novel treatments currently in
development, particularly for compounds that may target both hepatic and non-hepatic outcomes.
Codes related to the parallel interwoven creation tracks principle. Review of guidelines for good
practice in decision-analytic modelling in health technology assessment. The global prevalence of
NASH is increasing, driven partly by the global increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM), such that NASH is now a leading cause of cirrhosis. This is achieved by simplifying or
omitting stages of the systematic review process. Fourth, analyze the patterns you noted by
considering similarities and differences between sources. Such evaluations will ideally require high-
quality, transparent health economic models as well as high-quality clinical, economic and quality-
of-life (QoL) input data. A health technology assessment of transient elastography in adult liver
disease. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative
Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Identical findings were
reported by Li et al. (2020), who found that reductions in concentration of PM 2.5 were 10% lower
in Level II than in Level I. This is 100% legal. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own,
that is cheating. Also you. Below is a five-step process for conducting a simple review of the
literature for your project. Lower whisker shows the bottom 25% (quartile group 1) and upper
whisker demonstrates the top 25% (quartile group 4) values. The authors reviewed the title and
abstract of 396 articles, and screened full texts of 141 articles, amongst which 35 studies met the
predetermined inclusion criteria ( Fig. 1 ). Several articles were excluded, because their main focus
was to examine the impact of air quality on COVID-19-related infections. Overall, quality
assessment revealed that the identified models were well-suited to their purpose.
Nonetheless, the current study found sufficient evidence of improvement in air quality in China
during COVID-19 lockdown irrespective of the changes in weather conditions. One author
conducted the data extraction using the PRISMA guidelines (McInnes et al., 2018) and others
verified the extraction of data from the selected studies. February 15, 2024 Advanced Statistical
Methods in Meta-analysis: Enhancing Accuracy, Reliability, and Insights February 12, 2024
Inventions in Medical Therapeutics: There’s a World of Possibilities February 1, 2024. Use specific
authors or sources as examples, and be sure to explain any similarities or departures in approach,
methodology, findings, or argument. Surveying preceding literature and study findings is crucial for
writing a dissertation, research article, or thesis. Other developing countries battling with air
pollution could learn from the experience of China to generate accurate air quality information which
will assist in developing policies related to air quality management. Library (Database of systematic
reviews ), CENTRAL (The. Table 1 lists the predetermined exclusion and inclusion criteria used in
this study. Computer modeling of diabetes and its transparency: a report on the eighth Mount Hood
challenge. For example, scholars who published in the 1960s interpreted a historical event differently
than those who published in the early 2000s. Rather than examining the topic itself, historiography is
the study of how historical topics have been examined over time by other historians. Evidence from
44 cities in northern China. Sci. Total Environ. 731, 139052. The utility of other commonly used
secondary endpoints such as change in ALT levels, lobular inflammation or change in hepatic fat
levels that cannot be linked with long-term progression may therefore be limited in terms of health
economic modelling. 3.5 Non-Hepatic Outcomes and Consideration of Co-Existing Conditions The
models identified in the review did not account for changes in metabolic and cardiovascular
parameters that are intricately linked with NASH. They introduce readers to the surrounding
literature while also situating your work within the larger scholarly discussion on that topic. Wigfield
P, Sbarigia U, Hashim M, Vincken T, Heeg B. Students should always cross-check any information
on this site with their course teacher. Utility and cost evaluation of multiparametric magnetic
resonance imaging for the assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. It explains the function of
a literature review and provides guidance on how to write one. The review protocol was developed
in cooperation with the ?rst. European Medicines Agency. 2018. Reflection paper on regulatory
requirements for the development of medicinal products for chronic non-infectious liver diseases
(PBC, PSC, NASH).. Accessed 19 Sep 2019. The summary of the findings illustrates the percentage
change in air quality in other key cities in China. NAFL is largely asymptomatic, and NASH may
also be asymptomatic in many patients, or patients may present with non-specific symptoms such as
fatigue. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies. However,
these activities are essential for continuing economic growth. Look for patterns in authors’
approaches or in their methodological handling of the topic. Search Fields 6. Phrase Searching,
Wildcards and Proximity Operators 7. It involves a detailed and comprehensive plan and search
strategy derived from a set of specified research questions. Systematic review also involves
delineation of each step of review process in order to enable other reviewers to verify and replicate
the findings. This will serve as the basis for your thesis statement. Similarly, by the end of February
2020, NO 2 decreased by 64.3% in Jingmen, 65.2% in Enshi (Xu et al., 2020a), and by 83% in
Wuhan (Ghahremanloo et al., 2021) compared to February 2019.