Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Solution Manual:
https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-project-management-in-practice-
5th-edition-meredith-mantel-shafer-sutton-1118674669-9781118674666/
True/False
Answer: True
Response: See page 2
Level: easy
Answer: False
Response: See page 4
Level: medium
3. Many recent developments in project management are being driven by
changes in the nature of the American workforce.
Answer: False
Response: See pages 2 and 3
Level: medium
4. Achieving both strategic and routine goals are growing in importance in project
management.
Answer: True
Response: See page 3
Level: medium
5. While general managers have their authority limited to specific areas in the
overall organization, project managers have authority over any activity
required by the project.
Answer: False
Response: See page 5
Level: medium
Answer: True
Response: See pages 7
Level: easy
7. One can trade-off time and cost when managing a project, but the
project’s technical specifications must be maintained exactly as the client
initially specifies.
Answer: False
Response: See page 7
Level: medium
Answer: False
Response: See pages 11 and 12
Level: medium
Answer: False
Response: See page 21
Level: Easy
10. When using financial methods for selecting projects, the payback period is the
simplest and best method to use.
Answer: False
Response: See page 13
Level: medium
Answer: False
Response: See page 12
Level: medium
12. A disadvantage of using the payback period method for selecting projects is that
it cannot reflect the time-value of money.
Answer: True
Response: See page 13
Level: medium
13. A disadvantage of using the discounted cash flow method (or net present
value) for selecting projects is that it ignores all non-monetary factors
associated with the project.
Answer: True
Response: See page 16
Level: medium
14. A disadvantage of using scoring models rather than financial models for selecting
projects is that they cannot include the project’s profitability.
Answer: False
Response: See page 18
Level: medium
15. A PM does not need to understand why a project is selected for funding because
he did not initiate the process.
Answer: False
Response: See page 21
Level: medium
16. The main distinction between platform and breakthrough projects is that
the former usually depend on existing technology.
Answer: True
Response: See page 32
Level: medium
17. The main distinction between platform and derivative projects is that the
latter depend on existing technology.
Answer: False
Response: See page 32
Level: medium
18. A key deficiency of the aggregate project plan is that it provides little information
about the resources committed to the various projects.
Answer: False
Response: See page 33
Level: medium
19. One reason for the emphasis on project management is that tasks fit neatly into
business-as-usual.
Answer: False
Response: See page 1
Level: easy
20. Programs are subdivisions of projects.
Answer: False
Response: See page 2
Level: easy
Answer: True
Response: See page 2
Level: easy
Answer: False
Response: See page 4
Level: medium
23. Project budgets are primarily modifications of budgets for the same activity
in the previous period.
Answer: False
Response: See page 4
Level: medium
Answer: False
Response: See pages 5
Level: medium
25. Having responsibility for the outcome of a project without the authority of
rank or position is common in project management.
Answer: True
Response: See page 5
Level: medium
26. Negotiating the purchase of a new car would typically be characterized as win-
win negotiation.
Answer: False
Response: See page 6
Level: medium
Answer: True
Response: See pages 6
Level: easy
Answer: False
Response: See page 9
Level: medium
Answer: False
Response: See page 11
Level: medium
30. The comparative benefits method is considered a nonnumeric project selection
method.
Answer: True
Response: See page 11 and 12
Level: medium
31. When using the weighted scoring model, the categories for each scale must be
in equal intervals.
Answer: False
Response: See page 18
Level: medium
Answer: True
Response: See page 17
Level: medium
33. One limitation of scoring methods is that they can only incorporate
quantitative data.
Answer: False
Response: See pages 17 and 18
Level: medium
34. As a rule of thumb, the number of factors included in a scoring model should be
at least 10.
Answer: False
Response: See page 17
Level: medium
35. Projects success is not determined by the portfolio of projects in
an organization..
Answer: False
Response: See page 35
Level: medium
36. R&D projects are oriented toward using newly developed technologies
or existing technologies in a new manner.
Answer: True
Response: See page 32
Level: medium
37. Projects with deliverables that are incrementally different from existing
offerings are classified as platform projects.
Answer: False
Response: See page 32
Level: medium
38. Projects in which team members may never physically meet before the team
is disbanded and another team reconstituted is called a virtual team
Answer: True
Response: See page 3
Level: easy
39. The project manager depends on legitimate authority to gain the cooperation of the
many departments in the organization that may be asked to supply technology,
information, resources and personnel to the project.
Answer: False
Response: See Page 5
Level: medium
40. In the early years of a project when outflows usually exceed inflows, the NPV of the
project for those years will be positive.
Answer: False
Response: See page 15
Level: medium
41. As the present value of future returns decreases with rising discount rates, firms with
high hurdle rates favor short-run projects.
Answer: True
Response: See Page 16
Level: medium
Multiple Choice
Answer: a
Response: see page 2
Level: medium
Answer: d
Response: See page 3
Level: medium
44. Which of the following criteria can be included in scoring models for selecting
projects?
a) potential profitability of the project
b) potential impact on the firm’s competitive position
c) the organization’s ability to market the output of a project
d) All of the above can be included
e) only a and b above
Answer: d
Response: See page 17-18
Level: medium
45. If the initial investment is a project is $100,000 and the expected annual
net profit for the project is $20,000, the payback period is:
a) One fifth of a year
b) 4 years
c) 5 years
d) 10 years
e) insufficient information to determine the payback period
Answer: c
Response: See page 13
Level: medium
Answer: b
Response: See page 1
Level: medium
Answer: a
Response: See pages 1 and 2
Level: easy
Answer: a
Response: See page 32
Level: medium
49. Searching for the third alternative is most closely associated with
a) win-win negotiation
b) project planning
c) project budgeting
d) the three goals of a project
e) the weighted scoring model
Answer: a
Response: See page 5
Level: medium
50. Which of the following is not related to the three goals of a project?
a) time
b) data
c) schedule
d) cost
e) performance
Answer: b
Response: See page 6
Level: medium
51. Projects that begin with a slow start, have quick momentum in the middle,
and have a slow finish are said to follow which type of lifecycle?
a) J-shaped lifecycle
b) L-shaped lifecycle
c) an exponential growth lifecycle
d) an S-shaped lifecycle
e) an X-shaped lifecycle
Answer: d
Response: See page 9
Level: medium
Answer: a
Response: See page 12
Level: medium
Answer: b
Response: See page 12
Level: medium
54. In Crystal Ball, cells that contain outcomes we are interested in are called
a) assumption cells
b) distribution cells
c) forecast cells
d) decision cells
e) define cells
Answer: c
Response: See page 24
Level: medium
55. A matrix that illustrates the magnitude of both product and process
changes resulting from a project is called
a) the aggregate project plan
b) the product-process matrix
c) the aggregate master production schedule
d) the balanced scorecard
e) the R&D project portfolio
Answer: a
Response: See page 32
Level: medium
Answer: d
Response: See page 31
Level: medium
Answer: d
See response page 25 and 26
Level: medium
58. The aggregate project plan can be used for the following except:
a) View the mix of projects within each illustrated aspect
b) Determine the profitability of the projects
c) Analyze and adjust the mix of projects within each category or aspect
d) Identify and adjust the gaps in the categories, aspects, sizes and timing of
the projects.
Answer: b
Response: See page 24
Level: medium
Short Answer
62. To what extent can the three goals of a project be traded-off for one
Language: English
SAN FRANCISCO:
A. L. BANCROFT & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.
1883.
Entered according to Act of Congress in the Year 1883, by
HUBERT H. BANCROFT,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
All Rights Reserved.
PREFACE.
As the third greatest of the world’s republics, wherein society and
civilization are displayed under somewhat abnormal aspects, under
aspects at least widely different from those present in other than
Spanish-speaking communities, configurations and climates, races
and race intermixtures, civil and religious polities, and the whole
range of mental and physical environment being in so many respects
exceptional and individual, Mexico presents a study one of the most
interesting and profitable of any among the nations of to-day.
A brilliant though unjust and merciless conquest was followed by
the enforcement of Spain’s institutions upon the survivors, who were
themselves so far advanced in arts, industries, and intellectual
culture as to render such metamorphosis most disastrous. After the
awful success of Cortés, Spain neither exterminated the natives, like
the United States, nor left them in their aboriginal independence, like
the fur-magnates of British America. Aiming at the utmost kindness,
the Spanish government fastened on body and soul the iron fetters
of tyranny and superstition; aiming at liberty and humanity, slavery
and wrong were permitted. With grants of land, grants of men and
women were made. The church fought valiantly against the evils of
the encomienda system, and against the cruelty and injustice
imposed by the colonists upon the natives. There was here little of
that wholesome indifference to the welfare of her colonies later
manifested by England with regard to her settlements in America.
Spain’s American possessions belonged not to the Spanish people
but to the Spanish sovereign; the lands and the people were the
king’s, to be held or disposed of as he should direct. Hence among
the people were encouraged dividing castes; commerce was placed
under the severest restrictions, and in many ways it became clear
that provinces were held and governed almost exclusively for the
benefit of the crown. And so they remained, Europeans and
Americans intermingling their loves and hates for three hundred
years, which was indeed Mexico’s dark age, two civilizations being
well nigh crushed therein. Light at last breaking in upon the people,
the three centuries of viceregal rule were brought to a close by their
taking a stand for independence, such as their Anglo-American
neighbor had so recently achieved. And now during these latter days
of swift progression Mexico is happily aroused from her lethargy, and
is taking her proper place among the enlightened nations of the
earth, to the heart-felt joy of all.
The first of the five great periods of Mexican history, embracing
the aboriginal annals of Anáhuac, has been exhaustively treated in
the fifth volume of my Native Races. The second is that of the
conquest by Cortés; the third covers nearly three centuries of
viceregal rule in New Spain; the fourth comprises the struggle for
independence and the founding of the republic; and the fifth extends
thence to the present time, including as salient features a series of
internal revolutions, the war with the United States, the imperial
experiment of Maximilian, and the peaceful development of national
industries and power in recent years. It is my purpose to present on
a national scale, and in a space symmetrically proportioned to the
importance of each, the record of the four successive periods.
The conquest of Mexico, filling the present and part of another
volume, has been treated by many writers, and in a masterly
manner. In the three periods of Mexican history following the
conquest there is no comprehensive work extant in English; nor is
there any such work in Spanish that if translated would prove entirely
satisfactory to English readers. Of the few Spanish and Mexican
writers whose researches have extended over the whole field, or
large portions of it, none have been conspicuously successful in
freeing themselves from the quicksands of race prejudice, of
religious feeling, of patriotic impulse, of political partisanship; none
have had a satisfactory command of existing authorities; none in the
matter of space have made a symmetrical division of the periods, or
have appreciated the relative importance of different topics as they
appear to any but Spanish eyes. Yet there has been no lack among
these writers of careful investigation or brilliant diction. Indeed there
is hardly an epoch that has not been ably treated from various
partisan standpoints.
The list of authorities prefixed to this volume shows
approximately my resources for writing a History of Mexico. I may
add that no part of my collection is more satisfactorily complete than
that pertaining to Mexico. I have all the standard histories and
printed chronicles of the earliest times, together with all the works of
writers who have extended their investigations to the events and
developments of later years. On the shelves of my Library are found
the various Colecciones de Documentos, filled with precious
historical papers from the Spanish and Mexican archives, all that
were consulted in manuscript by Robertson, Prescott, and other able
writers, with thousands equally important that were unknown to
them. My store of manuscript material is rich both in originals and
copies, including the treasures secured during a long experience by
such collectors as José María Andrade and José Fernando Ramirez;
a copy of the famous Archivo General de Mexico, in thirty-two
volumes; the autograph originals of Cárlos María Bustamante’s
historical writings, in about fifty volumes, containing much not found
in his printed works; the original records of the earliest Mexican
councils of the church, with many ecclesiastical and missionary
chronicles not extant in print; and finally a large amount of copied
material on special topics drawn from different archives expressly for
my work.
Documents printed by the Mexican government, including the
regular memorias and other reports of different departments and
officials, constitute a most valuable source of information. Partisan
writings and political pamphlets are a noticeable feature of Mexican
historical literature, indispensable to the historian who would study
both sides of every question. Prominent Mexicans have formed
collections of such works, a dozen of which I have united in one,
making two hundred and eighteen volumes of Papeles Varios, some
five thousand pamphlets, besides nearly as many more collected by
my own efforts. The newspapers of a country cannot be disregarded,
and my collection is not deficient in this class of data, being
particularly rich in official periodicals.
The conquest of Mexico, which begins this history, has the
peculiar attractions of forming the grandest episode in early
American annals from a military point of view, and in opening to the
world the richest, most populous, and most civilized country on the
northern continent, and of gradually incorporating it in the sisterhood
of nations as the foremost representative of Latin-American states.
On the other hand, an episode which presents but a continuation of
the bloody path which marked the advance of the conquerors in
America, and which involved the destruction not only of thousands of
unoffending peoples but of a most fair and hopeful culture, is not in
its results the most pleasing of pictures. But neither in this pit of
Acheron nor in that garden of Hesperides may we expect to discover
the full significance of omnipotent intention. From the perpetual
snow-cap springs the imperceptibly moving glacier. A grain of sand
gives no conception of the earth, nor a drop of water of the sea, nor
the soft breathing of an infant of a hurricane; yet worlds are made of
atoms, and seas of drops of water, and storms of angry air-breaths.
Though modern Mexico can boast a century more of history than the
northern nations of America, as compared with the illimitable future
her past is but a point of time.
CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME.
CHAPTER I.
VOYAGE OF HERNANDEZ DE CÓRDOBA TO YUCATAN.
1516-1517.
PAGE.
A Glance at the State of European Discovery
and Government in America at the Opening
of this Volume—Diego Velazquez in Cuba—
Character of the Man—A Band of
Adventurers Arrives from Darien—The
Governor Counsels them to Embark in Slave-
catching—Under Hernandez de Córdoba
they Sail Westward and Discover Yucatan—
And are Filled with Astonishment at the
Large Towns and Stone Towers they See
there—They Fight the Natives at Cape
Catoche—Skirt the Peninsula to Champoton
—Sanguinary Battle—Return to Cuba— 1
Death of Córdoba
CHAPTER II.
JUAN DE GRIJALVA EXPLORES THE WESTERN SIDE OF THE
MEXICAN GULF.
1518.
Velazquez Plans a New Expedition—Gives the 15
Command to his Nephew, Juan de Grijalva—
Who Embarks at Santiago and Strikes the
Continent at Cozumel Island—Coasts
Southward to Ascension Bay—Then Turns
and Doubles Cape Catoche—Naming of New
Spain—Fight at Champoton—Arrival at
Laguna de Términos—Alaminos, the Pilot, is
Satisfied that Yucatan is an Island—They
Coast Westward and Discover the Rivers
San Pedro y San Pablo and Tabasco—
Notable Interview at this Place between the
Europeans and the Americans—The Culhua
Country—They Pass La Rambla, Tonalá, the
Rio Goazacoalco, the Mountain of San
Martin, the Rivers of Alvarado and Banderas,
and Come to the Islands of Sacrificios and
San Juan de Ulua
CHAPTER III.
RETURN OF GRIJALVA. A NEW EXPEDITION ORGANIZED.
1518.
Refusal of Grijalva to Settle—Alvarado Sent
back to Cuba—Grijalva Continues his
Discovery—After Reaching the Province of
Pánuco he Turns back—Touching at the Rio
Goazacoalco, Tonalá, the Laguna de
Términos, and Champoton, the Expedition
Returns to Cuba—Grijalva Traduced and
Discharged—A New Expedition Planned—
Velazquez Sends to Santo Domingo and
Spain—Characters of Velazquez and Grijalva
Contrasted—Candidates for the Captaincy of
the New Expedition—The Alcalde of
Santiago Successful—His Standing at that 28
Time
CHAPTER IV.
THE HERO OF THE CONQUEST.
Birthplace of Hernan Cortés—His Coming 41
Compensatory for the Devil-sent Luther—
Parentage—Hernan a Sickly Child—Saint
Peter his Patron—He is sent to Salamanca—
Returns Home—Thinks of Córdoba and Italy
—And of Ovando and the Indies—Chooses
the Latter—Narrow Escape during a Love
Intrigue—Ovando Sails without Him—Cortés
Goes to Valencia—Is there Ill—Returns
Home—Finally Sails for the Indies—His
Reception at Santo Domingo—He Fights
Indians under Velazquez, and is Given an
Encomienda—Goes to Cuba with Velazquez
—Makes Love to Catalina Suarez—But
Declines to Marry—Velazquez Insists—
Cortés Rebels—Seizures, Imprisonments,
Escapes, and Reconciliation
CHAPTER V.
SAILING OF THE EXPEDITION.
1518-1519.
The Quality of Leader Desired—Instructions
Issued to Hernan Cortés, Commander-in-
chief—The Character of Cortés Undergoes a
Change—Cost of the Expedition—By whom
Borne—Places Established for Enlistment—
The Banner—Cortés Puts on the Great Man
—More of his Character—The Scene at
Santiago Harbor—The Governor’s Jester—
Dark Suspicions of Velazquez—Departure
from Santiago—Cortés at Trinidad—Fresh
Recruits—Verdugo Receives Orders to
Depose Cortés—The Fleet Proceeds to San
Cristóbal, or the Habana—Review at
Guaguanico—Speech of Cortés—
Organization into Companies—Departure 53
from Cuba
CHAPTER VI.
THE VOYAGE.
1519.
Something of the Captains of Cortés—Alvarado
—Montejo—Ávila—Olid—Sandoval—Leon—
Ordaz—Morla—The Passage—The Fleet
Struck by a Squall—Arrival at Cozumel—
Alvarado Censured—Search for the Captive
Christians—Arrival of Aguilar—His Chaste
Adventures—They Come to Tabasco River—
Battles there—Conquest of the Natives—
Peace Made—Twenty Female Slaves among
the Presents—The Fleet Proceeds along the
Shore—Puertocarrero’s Witticism—Arrival at 73
San Juan de Ulua
CHAPTER VII.
WHAT MONTEZUMA THOUGHT OF IT.
Home of Mexican Civilization—The Border
Land of Savagism—Configuration of the
Country—The Nahuas and the Mayas—
Toltecs, Chichimecs, and Aztecs—The Valley
of Mexico—Civil Polity of the Aztecs—King
Ahuitzotl—Montezuma Made Emperor—
Character of the Man—His Career—The First
Appearing of the Spaniards not Unknown to
Montezuma—The Quetzalcoatl Myth—
Departure of the Fair God—Signs and
Omens concerning his Return—The Coming
of the Spaniards Mistaken for the Fulfilment
of the Prophecy—The Door Opened to the 94
Invader
CHAPTER VIII.
THE COMBATANTS SALUTE.
April-May, 1519.
The Embassy from the Shore—The New 116
Interpreter—Marina—Her Appearance and
Quality—Her Romantic History—She
Cleaves to the Spaniards and to Cortés—
And Becomes One of the most Important
Characters of the Conquest—The Spaniards
Land and Form an Encampment—The
Governor Comes with Presents—The
Spaniards Astonish the Natives—Who
Report all to Montezuma—Cortés Sends the
Monarch Presents—Council Called in Mexico
—Montezuma Determines not to Receive the
Strangers—Reciprocates in Presents a
Hundredfold—Cortés Persists—Montezuma
Declines more Firmly—Olmedo Attempts
Conversion—Teuhtlile, Offended, Withdraws
his People from the Camp of the Spaniards
CHAPTER IX.
THE MIGHTY PROJECT IS CONCEIVED.
May, 1519.
Serious Dilemma of Cortés—Authority without
Law—Montejo Sent Northward—
Recommends another Anchorage—
Dissensions at Vera Cruz—Prompt and
Shrewd Action of Cortés—A Municipality
Organized—Cortés Resigns—And is Chosen
Leader by the Municipality—Velazquez’
Captains Intimate Rebellion—Cortés
promptly Arrests Several of Them—Then he
Conciliates them All—Important Embassy
from Cempoala—The Veil Lifted—The March
to Cempoala—What was Done there—
Quiahuiztlan—The Coming of the Tribute
Gatherers—How They were Treated—Grand 131
Alliance
CHAPTER X.
MULTIPLICATION OF PLOTS.
June-July, 1519.
Cortés, Diplomate and General—The
Municipality of Villa Rica Located—
Excitement throughout Anáhuac—
Montezuma Demoralized—Arrival of the
Released Collectors at the Mexican Capital—
The Order for Troops Countermanded—
Montezuma Sends an Embassy to Cortés—
Chicomacatl Asks Aid against a Mexican
Garrison—A Piece of Pleasantry—The
Velazquez Men Refuse to Accompany the
Expedition—Opportunity Offered them to
Return to Cuba, which they Decline through
Shame—The Totonacs Rebuked—The
Cempoala Brides—Destruction of the Idols—
Arrival at Villa Rica of Salcedo—Efforts of
Velazquez with the Emperor—Cortés Sends
Messengers to Spain—Velazquez Orders
them Pursued—The Letters of Cortés— 152
Audiencia of the Emperor at Tordesillas
CHAPTER XI.
THE SINKING OF THE FLEET.
July-August, 1519.
Diego Velazquez once More—His Supporters 174
in the Camp of Cortés—They Attempt
Escape—Are Discovered—The Leaders are
Seized and Executed—Cortés’ Ride to
Cempoala, and what Came of it—He
Determines on the Destruction of the Fleet—
Preliminary Stratagems—Several of the
Ships Pronounced Unseaworthy—The Matter
before the Soldiers—The Fleet Sunk—
Indignation of the Velazquez Faction—One
Vessel Remaining—It is Offered to any
Wishing to Desert—It is finally Sunk—
Francisco de Garay’s Pretensions—Seizure
of Some of his Men
CHAPTER XII.
MARCH TOWARD MEXICO.
August-September, 1519.
Enthusiasm of the Army—The Force—The
Totonacs Advise the Tlascalan Route—
Arrival at Jalapa—A Look Backward—The
Anáhuac Plateau—Meeting with Olintetl—
Arrival in the Country of the Tlascaltecs—The
Senate Convenes and Receives the Envoys
of Cortés—An Encounter—A More Serious
Battle—Xicotencatl Resolves to Try the 191
Prowess of the Invaders, and is Defeated
CHAPTER XIII.
ENTRY INTO TLASCALA.
September, 1519.
Native Chiefs Sent as Envoys to the Tlascalan
Capital—Their Favorable Reception—
Xicotencatl Plans Resistance to Cortés—
Sends out Spies—Cortés Sends them back
Mutilated—The Spaniards Attack and Defeat
Xicotencatl—Night Encounters—General
Dissatisfaction and a Desire to Return to Villa
Rica—Envoys Arrive from Montezuma—
Cortés Receives Xicotencatl and the
Tlascalan Lords—Peace Concluded—
Tlascala—Festivities and Rejoicings—Mass
Celebrated—Cortés Inclined to Extreme
Religious Zeal—Brides Presented to the
Spaniards—Appropriate Ceremonies—
Preparing to Leave Tlascala for Cholula— 211
Communications with the Cholultecs
CHAPTER XIV.